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Journal articles on the topic 'Sandwich formula'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Xia, Pei Xiu, Guang Ping Zou, and Zhong Liang Chang. "Analysis of Interface Deformation of Steel-Concrete-Steel Sandwich Beam." Key Engineering Materials 525-526 (November 2012): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.525-526.357.

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The effect of the interface slip is neglected in most studies on calculating deflection of sandwich beams. By taking a simply supported sandwich beams under uniformly distributed loads as an example, simplified analytical models of the interface slip are established, and corresponding clculation formulas of interface slip between steel panels and concrete and section curvatures are derived. The formula for deflection of sandwich beams are then presented. This formula reflects the relationship of influence each other between the interface slip and deflection.

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2

He, Guan Jun, and Ai Min Diao. "Safety Assessment and Remaining Service Life Prediction of Sandwich Marine Air Bottles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 456 (October 2013): 324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.456.324.

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Based on the fatigue failure analysis of marine air bottles, the research on the safety assessment and remaining service life prediction is conducted in this paper. Particularly, the method of sandwich evaluation is obtained via sandwich characterization and the formula to calculate the fatigue crack growth rate is obtained via fatigue crack testing: three typical types of sandwich on marine air bottles are investigated, and the corresponding safety assessment results as well as the critical sandwich size are obtained. It is seen that the theoretical formula is valid, and that the air bottle c

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Zhang, Nan, Min Xia, and Changchun Ge. "Graphene-Supported Mesoporous SnO2 Nanosheets as High-Performance Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries." Nano 15, no. 09 (2020): 2050113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292020501131.

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A novel approach to fabricate sandwich-like graphene-supported mesoporous SnO2 nanosheets (G-SnO2) as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) was developed. The obtained sandwich-like G-SnO2 inherit the typical two-dimensional structure of graphene and possess a high specific surface area (64[Formula: see text]m2g[Formula: see text]), nanosized SnO2 particles (about 3[Formula: see text]nm in diameter), mesoporous structure (a pore size of mainly [Formula: see text]3.8[Formula: see text]nm), large aspect ratio and enhanced electrical conductivity. As a consequence, the G-SnO2 anode sig

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4

Hardin, James W. "The Robust Variance Estimator for Two-stage Models." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 2, no. 3 (2002): 253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x0200200302.

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This article discusses estimates of variance for two-stage models. We present the sandwich estimate of variance as an alternative to the Murphy–Topel estimate. The sandwich estimator has a simple formula that is similar to the formula for the Murphy–Topel estimator, and the two estimators are asymptotically equal when the assumed model distributions are true. The advantages of the sandwich estimate of variance are that it may be calculated for the complete parameter vector, and that it requires estimating equations instead of fully specified log likelihoods.

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May, Aviwe, Poulomi Majumdar, Alexander G. Martynov, et al. "Optical limiting properties, structure and simplified TD-DFT calculations of scandium tetra-15-crown-5 phthalocyaninates." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 24, no. 04 (2020): 589–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s108842462050011x.

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The optical limiting properties of crown-ether-substituted scandium(III) phthalocyaninate complexes, bis-tetra-15-crown-5-phthalocyaninates Sc[(15C5)4Pc][Formula: see text] (I) and Sc[(15C5)4Pc][Formula: see text] (Ia), together with monophthalocyaninate [(15C5)4Pc]Sc(OAc) (II) were measured by using the Z-scan technique (532 nm laser and pulse rate of 10 ns). It was revealed that expansion of the [Formula: see text]-system on moving from the monomeric Sc complex II to sandwich compound I and changing the electronic state of the sandwich compound from the anionic Ia species to the neutral radi

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6

Zhang, Tong, Ludi Kang, Xin Li, Hongbo Zhang, and Bilong Liu. "Sound Transmission Prediction of Sandwich Plates With Honeycomb and Foam Cores and an Emphatic Discussion on Radiation Terms." International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration 26, no. 1 (2021): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20855/ijav.2020.25.11735.

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When applying the modal summation method to the sound transmission loss (STL) prediction of various plates, the assumption of the blocked sound pressure, or alternatively speaking, ignoring sound radiation terms, has obvious simplicity and is sometimes used for the single-layered panels, rib-stiffened plates or heavily damped sandwich plates. For light-weighted sandwich plates with honeycomb and foam cores, however, this assumption is somewhat in doubt and worth examining. Based on sixth-order differential equations governing the flexural vibration of sandwich plates, the prediction formula of

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7

Amir, Mohammad, and Mohammad Talha. "An Efficient Three Nodded Finite Element Formulation for Free Vibration Analysis of Sandwich Arches with Graded Metallic Cellular Core." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 12, no. 06 (2020): 2050069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825120500696.

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An efficient finite element model based on three nodded element has been developed for the vibration analysis of sandwich arches with graded metallic cellular (GMC) core. The present formulation is based on the higher-order shear deformation theory and orthogonal curvilinear coordinate axes. The arch consists of two isotropic face sheets and a GMC core layer. The internal pores in the core layer follow the different types of distributions. The material properties of the GMC core layer of the sandwich arches vary in the thickness direction as a function in terms of porosity coefficient and mass

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8

Almutairi, Norah Saud, Awatef Shahen, and Hanan Darwish. "Differential Subordination and Superordination Using an Integral Operator for Certain Subclasses of p-Valent Functions." Symmetry 16, no. 4 (2024): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym16040501.

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This work presents a novel investigation that utilizes the integral operator Ip,λn in the field of geometric function theory, with a specific focus on sandwich theorems. We obtained findings about the differential subordination and superordination of a novel formula for a generalized integral operator. Additionally, certain sandwich theorems were discovered.

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9

Wei, Chengcheng, Xiaogang Sun, Guodong Liang, Yapan Huang, Hao Hu, and Yuhao Xu. "Sandwich Structure Electrode as Advanced Performance Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries." Nano 14, no. 10 (2019): 1950123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292019501236.

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In this work, a sandwich structure electrode was prepared by a simple vacuum filtration and rolling process. The SEM showed that the active materials were uniformly embedded in the pores of the three-dimensional conductive network of the carbon nanotube (CNTs) conductive paper. The contact interface area of active material and the conductive network significantly increased and the interface resistance was greatly reduced. The porous anode can accommodate the volume expansion of the silicon and effectively alleviated pressed during cycle. The electrode also exhibited good stability in cycles. E

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10

Kuiyuan, Sun, Li Shuhu, and Xu Jingli. "Research and Optimization of Anti-Ballistic Properties of Gradient Honeycomb Sandwich Panels." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2891, no. 7 (2024): 072027. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2891/7/072027.

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Abstract In addressing the penetration resistance of honeycomb sandwich panels, a finite element model is established to simulate the penetration problem. The relationship between initial and residual velocity of the fragments is studied. The effects of angle gradient, height gradient, and thickness gradient structures on the ballistic performance of honeycomb sandwich panels are analyzed. Multi-objective optimization design of honeycomb sandwich panels is conducted, resulting in a thickness gradient honeycomb sandwich panel. The results show that the relationship curve between initial and res

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11

Wang, Jin Rong, Xin Guang Lv, Shi Qing Huang, Yu Mei Wu, and Qiong Chen. "Theoretical Analysis of Equivalent Elastic Modulus of Corrugated Paperboard." Applied Mechanics and Materials 200 (October 2012): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.200.243.

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A new mathematical method is developed for the calculation of equivalent elastic modulus of UV-type corrugated paperboard. The model is assumed to be composite sandwich structure and to endure the out-of-plane uniform pressure. Force method is used for the derivation of the formula. The influence of the corrugated medium structure on the flat compression strength of corrugated paperboard is investigated as well. The equivalent elastic moduluses of two different sizes of three-layer UV corrugated paperboard are calculated according to the derived formula. The relationship between the thickness

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12

Chen, Xia-Chun, Zhen-Hu Li, Francis T. K. Au, and Rui-Juan Jiang. "Flexural Vibration of Prestressed Concrete Bridges with Corrugated Steel Webs." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 17, no. 02 (2017): 1750023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455417500237.

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Prestressed concrete bridges with corrugated steel webs have emerged as a new form of steel-concrete composite bridges with remarkable advantages compared with the traditional ones. However, the assumption that plane sections remain plane may no longer be valid for such bridges due to the different behavior of the constituents. The sandwich beam theory is extended to predict the flexural vibration behavior of this type of bridges considering the presence of diaphragms, external prestressing tendons and interaction between the web shear deformation and flange local bending. To this end, a [Form

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13

Preusser, Raimund. "Structure of Hyperbolic Unitary Groups II: Classification of E-Normal Subgroups." Algebra Colloquium 24, no. 02 (2017): 195–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1005386717000128.

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This paper proves the sandwich classification conjecture for subgroups of an even dimensional hyperbolic unitary group [Formula: see text] which are normalized by the elementary subgroup [Formula: see text], under the condition that R is a quasi-finite ring with involution, i.e., a direct limit of module finite rings with involution, and [Formula: see text].

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14

Ma, Cong Bo, Yan Wei Wang, Guang Ping Zou, and Xuan Du. "The Main Factors that Influence the Mechanical Properties of Honeycomb Board." Advanced Materials Research 1119 (July 2015): 812–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1119.812.

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It’s very important to select appropriate dimensions for manufacture of honeycomb sandwich. In this paper, the experimental and theoretical methods were compared. The results are proved that the theoretical formula can be applied to engineering design. The impact factor of staties mechanical properties of honeycomb panels also was studied. And a theoretical basis for the design of honeycomb sandwich panels is provided.

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15

Salman, Fatima Obaid, and Waggas Galib Atshan. "New Results on Integral Operator for a Subclass of Analytic Functions Using Differential Subordinations and Superordinations." Symmetry 15, no. 2 (2023): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15020295.

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In this paper, we discuss and introduce a new study using an integral operator wk,μm in geometric function theory, especially sandwich theorems. We obtained some conclusions for differential subordination and superordination for a new formula generalized integral operator. In addition, certain sandwich theorems were found. The differential subordination theory’s features and outcomes are symmetric to those derived using the differential subordination theory.

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16

Omachi, Ayumi, Kuniharu Ushijima, Dai-Heng Chen, and Wesley J. Cantwell. "Prediction of failure modes and peak loads in lattice sandwich panels under three-point loading." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 22, no. 5 (2018): 1635–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636218789605.

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In this study, the failure behaviour of lattice sandwich panels under three-point loading has been studied using a nonlinear finite element analysis. The failure mechanisms of lattice-cored sandwich panels can be classified in three modes; facesheet yielding, facesheet wrinkling and core shear. When the panel fails due to facesheet yielding or core shear, the evaluation of the strength of the lattice-cored panel can be undertaken in the same manner as that of a foam-cored panel. In contrast, when wrinkle-like deformation occurs in the facesheets, the failure load can be estimated from the buck

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17

Li, Xiaoli, Juan Jia, Yan Gao, G. A. Gehring, and Xiaohong Xu. "Magnetic Coupling of Dissimilar ZnO–Co Granular Films Through a ZnO Spacer." SPIN 05, no. 04 (2015): 1540008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010324715400081.

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An all-oxide granular film (GF) with a sandwich structure containing cobalt metal nanoparticles embedded in ZnO is fabricated by magnetron sputtering. Large and small Co particles can be obtained simultaneously in a sample by depositing nanostructured ZnO–Co layers at high and low temperatures, respectively. The two ZnO–Co layers couple with each other through a ZnO spacer layer, whose thickness tunes the strength of the coupling. Both the magnetic properties and the magnetoresistance (MR) of the samples depend on the sandwich structure. Magnetic interactions can be transferred through the pol

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18

Bazˇant, Z. P. "Shear Buckling of Sandwich, Fiber Composite and Lattice Columns, Bearings, and Helical Springs: Paradox Resolved." Journal of Applied Mechanics 70, no. 1 (2003): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1509486.

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As shown three decades ago, in situations where the initial stresses before buckling are not negligible compared to the elastic moduli, the geometrical dependence of the tangential moduli on the initial stresses must be taken into account in stability analysis, and the stability or bifurcation criteria have different forms for tangential moduli associated with different choices of the finite strain measure. So it has appeared paradoxical that, for sandwich columns, different but equally plausible assumptions yield different formulas, Engesser’s and Haringx’ formulas, even though the axial stre

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19

Zhai, Xiaoxia, Huzaifa Bin Hashim, Jun Huang, and Eugene Zhen Xiang Soo. "The Prediction of Elastic Modulus in Sheet-Reinforced Composites Using a Homogenization Approach." Materials 18, no. 8 (2025): 1698. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18081698.

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Based on the equal-stress formula and equal-strain formula of material mechanics, a new formula for predicting Young’s modulus of sheet-reinforced composite is derived by taking sheet-graphene composite as an example. The effectiveness of the formula is verified by comparing it with the mixing rate (ROM), Halpin–Tsai equation, and finite-element simulation. This formula is used to discuss the effect of interface-layer properties on the modulus of composite materials. Compared with the case without interface, when the graphene content is 3% and the interface-layer properties are linearly distri

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20

Li, Xiaoting, Chao An, Zhen Wang, et al. "Improvement of microwave magnetic properties by inserting nonmagnetic layer." Modern Physics Letters B 31, no. 02 (2017): 1750004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798491750004x.

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Co/NM (nonmagnetic Ag and SiO2)/Co sandwich structure films with different thicknesses of NM were fabricated on Si(111) substrate via oblique radio frequency sputtering. With increasing thickness of nonmagnetic Ag [Formula: see text], in-plane magnetic anisotropy field [Formula: see text] initially increased from 100 Oe of [Formula: see text] nm to 220 Oe of [Formula: see text] nm, and then decreased when [Formula: see text] nm. Resonance frequency showed the same tendency with maximum 5.2 GHz when [Formula: see text] nm. Damp factor increased from 0.02 for [Formula: see text] for [Formula: se

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21

Zhu, Lin, and Shi-Liang Wu. "Traveling wave solutions for a diffusive predator–prey model with predator saturation and competition." International Journal of Biomathematics 10, no. 06 (2017): 1750086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524517500863.

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The purpose of this paper is to study the traveling wave solutions of a diffusive predator–prey model with predator saturation and competition functional response. The system admits three equilibria: a zero equilibrium [Formula: see text], a boundary equilibrium [Formula: see text] and a positive equilibrium [Formula: see text] under some conditions. We establish the existence of two types of traveling wave solutions which connect [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. Our main arguments are based on a simplified shooting meth

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22

Xu, Jinglin, Jianqing Liu, Wenbin Gu, Xin Liu, and Tao Cao. "Shock Wave Attenuation Characteristics of Aluminum Foam Sandwich Panels Subjected to Blast Loading." Shock and Vibration 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2686389.

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Comparative experiments were conducted with two different structures to study the mechanism of aluminum foam sandwich attenuating blast shock wave. The sandwich structure is composed of “steel–aluminum foam–steel,” and the mild steel structure is composed of “steel–steel.” In the experiment, the polyvinylidene fluoride transducers were used to directly test the load of stress wave between different interfaces of sandwich and mild steel structures. The strain of back sheet was simultaneously measured using high-precision strain gauge. The accuracy of the test results was verified by Henrych’s f

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23

Yıldırım, N., A. Turut, M. Biber, M. Saglam, and B. Guzeldir. "The electrical current characteristics of thermally annealed Co/anodic oxide layer/n-GaAs sandwich structures." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 21 (2019): 1950232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219502321.

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The Co/anodic oxide layer/n-GaAs MOS structures have been fabricated by us. The MOS structures have shown an excellent rectifying behavior before and after thermal annealing of 500[Formula: see text]C for 2 min. It has been stated in the literature that the thermal annealing at a relatively low-temperature can improve the quality and performance of the anodic MOS structure. The current–voltage (I–V) measurements of the annealed MOS structure have been attempted in the measurement temperature range 60–320 K with the steps of 20 K. The I–V plot at 300 K has given the diode parameter values as ba

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Essassi, Khawla, Jean-Luc Rebiere, Abderrahim El Mahi, Mohamed Amine Ben Souf, Anas Bouguecha, and Mohamed Haddar. "Investigation of the Static Behavior and Failure Mechanisms of a 3D Printed Bio-Based Sandwich with Auxetic Core." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 12, no. 05 (2020): 2050051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825120500519.

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In this research contribution, the static behavior and failure mechanisms are developed for a three-dimensional (3D) printed dogbone, auxetic structure and sandwich composite using acoustic emissions (AEs). The skins, core and whole sandwich are manufactured using the same bio-based material which is polylactic acid reinforced with micro-flax fibers. Tensile tests are conducted on the skins and the core while bending tests are conducted on the sandwich composite. Those tests are carried out on four different auxetic densities in order to investigate their effect on the mechanical and damage pr

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Wei, Jianhui, Shuang Gao, Jiarui Zhang, and Jianwei Tu. "Study on the Actuating Performance of an Embedded Macro Fiber Composite Considering the Shear Lag Effect." Materials 15, no. 11 (2022): 3968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15113968.

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Macro fiber composite (MFC), which are new ultrathin piezoelectric smart materials, are mostly applied in the fields of shell structure deformation and vibration control. Among others, the application of embedded MFCs in sandwich structures has received wide attention. Currently, its actuating force formula is primarily acquired based on the Bernoulli–Euler Model, which does not consider the shear lag effect and actuating force of MFC ends. To study the actuating performance of an MFC in a sandwich structure, according to its action characteristics, the MFC is divided into upper and lower actu

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26

Guillén-Rujano, R., A. Hernández-Pérez, and F. Avilés. "Examination of the plate twist specimen for thick specially orthotropic laminated composites and sandwich plates by using first-order shear deformation theory." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 21, no. 7 (2017): 2239–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636217748349.

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Analytical (closed-form) solutions are developed for the deflections and rotations of thick specially orthotropic plate twist specimens by using first-order shear deformation theory. Results are compared with outcomes from finite element method, previously reported experiments, and a classical laminated plate theory solution. A [(0/90)6]s cross-ply laminate and a sandwich panel with aluminum face sheets and a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam core are used as baseline materials. Overall, good agreement between first-order shear deformation theory and finite element method is obtained for complianc

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Rao, A. Srinivasa, Mudasir H. Dar, N. Venkatramaiah, R. Venkatesan, and Alok Sharan. "Third order optical nonlinear studies and its use to estimate thickness of sandwiched films of tetra-phenyl porphyrin derivatives." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 25, no. 03 (2016): 1650039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863516500399.

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Third-order nonlinear optical properties of tetra-phenyl porphyrin (H[Formula: see text]TPP) derivatives viz., H[Formula: see text]TPP(OH)[Formula: see text] and Zn(II)TPP doped in boric acid glass thin films were measured using single beam Z-scan and forward degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) techniques. Excited state lifetimes and absorption cross-sections were estimated from these experiments. Thickness of the porphyrin doped sandwich glass films were determined using DFWM technique for the first time. The values of nonlinear refractive index ([Formula: see text]) obtained for these systems

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Shuai, Yi, Jin Lou, Yu Wang, and Kanghua Chen. "An air-stable prelithiation technology for lithium ion-sulfurized polyacrylonitrile battery." Functional Materials Letters 13, no. 01 (2019): 1950094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604719500942.

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Lithium-sulfurized polyacrylonitrile battery is a promising candidate among lithium metal batteries. Nevertheless, the formation of Li dendrites is recognized the worst problem for battery. In this study, we demonstrate an air-stable prelithiation technology for highly reversible Li ion-S@PAN battery. A sandwich-like structure is designed for a lithium–silicon/graphite compound, which not only prevent attack of the lithium surface from humid air, but also improve the lithiation progress more convenient and reliable. When test in Li ion-sulfurized polyacrylonitrile battery, a specific capacity

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Cheng, Qianqian, Haoyuan Wang, Yanling Wu, et al. "Highly selective enzymatic-free electrochemical sensor for dopamine detection based on the self-assemblied film of a sandwich mixed (phthalocyaninato) (porphyrinato) europium derivative." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 21, no. 12 (2017): 796–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s108842461750081x.

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An efficient enzymatic-free electrochemical sensor is firstly developed based on the self-assemblied film of a sandwich mixed (phthalocyaninato) (porphyrinato) europium(III) double-decker complex, Eu(Pc)[T(OH)PP], [Pc = phthalocyaninate, T(OH)PP = 5,10,15,tris (4-tert-butylphenyl)-20-(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrinate] prepared by using a solution-processing QLS method. The Eu(Pc)[T(OH)PP]semiconducting active layer on an ITO working electrode leads to a good sensing property for the detection of dopamine with an excellent selectivity, due to the high Eu(Pc)[T(OH)PP] molecular ordering/packing in t

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Wolfram, Benedikt, Çağla Baş, Christian Kleeberg, and Martin Bröring. "Interaction of manganese corroles with TCNQ and related acceptor molecules." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 24, no. 05n07 (2020): 705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424619501359.

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Manganese corroles with the Mn atom in the oxidation states +III and +IV have been probed as donor moieties for supramolecular stacked donor–acceptor complexes with the typical acceptor units TCNQ (tetracyanoquinone), TCNP (tetracyanopyrazine), and TCNB (tetracyanobenzene). Four new compounds formed as single crystals from different co-crystallization attempts. In those cases where a Mn(III) corrole was used as the donor component, hydrolyzed and/or oxygenated compounds [(cor)Mn(TCNQ*)] and [(cor*)Mn(TCNP*)] were obtained as the exclusive products. With chloridomanganese(IV) corroles, sandwich

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Amalia, Ainayya, and Elin Erlina Sasanti. "Pengaruh Pendapatan, Financial Attitude, Financial Knowledge, Self-Efficiancy, dan Self-Control Terhadap Financial Behaviour Generasi Sandwich di Kota Mataram." Jurnal Riset Mahasiswa Akuntansi 4, no. 3 (2024): 469–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/risma.v4i3.1250.

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This study aims to empirically test the level of income, financial attitude, financial knowledge, financial self-efficacy, and self-control on the financial behaviour of the sandwich generation in Mataram City. This research is an associative research with a quantitative approach. The population in this study is the sandwich generation in Mataram City. The sample in this study was determined using non probability sampling with the Lemeshow formula, resulting in a research sample of 96. This study uses primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires to respondents, then processing the data

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Mukai, Hidetomo, Miho Yokokawa, Masahiro Ichihara, Kazuaki Hatsusaka, and Kazuchika Ohta. "Discotic liquid crystals of transition metal complexes 42: the detailed phase structures and phase transition mechanisms of two Cub mesophases shown by discotic liquid crystals based on phthalocyanine metal complexes." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 14, no. 02 (2010): 188–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424610001908.

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We found in our previous works that the sandwich-type phthalocyanine-based rare earth metal complexes, bis[2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis(3,4-dialkoxyphenoxy)phthalocyaninato]lanthanoid(III) ({[( C n O )2 PhO ]8 Pc }2 M, M = Eu and Lu , n = 8–16) (1 and 3), exhibited two thermotropic cubic mesophases, Cub1 and Cub2, together with columnar mesophases. It is rare that the discotic liquid crystalline compounds show the cubic mesophase. We revealed that their symmetries of the lower temperature Cub1 mesophase and the higher temperature Cub2 mesophase were [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text],

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Karimipour, Arash, Mansour Ghalehnovi, Mohammad Golmohammadi, and Jorge de Brito. "Experimental Investigation on the Shear Behaviour of Stud-Bolt Connectors of Steel-Concrete-Steel Fibre-Reinforced Recycled Aggregates Sandwich Panels." Materials 14, no. 18 (2021): 5185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14185185.

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Steel-concrete-steel (SCS) sandwich panels are manufactured with two thin high-strength steel plates and a moderately low-density and low-strength thick concrete core. In this study, 24 specimens were produced and tested. In these specimens, a new stud-bolt connector was used to regulate its shear behaviour in sandwich panels. The bolts’ diameter, concrete core’s thickness and bolts’ spacing were the parameters under analysis. Furthermore, the concrete core was manufactured with normal-strength concrete and steel fibres concrete (SFC). Steel fibres were added at 1% by volume. In addition, the

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Su, Yi Sheng, Yue Chun Luo, Guo Liang Jiang, Jin Yun Quan, and Yi Shen. "Seismic Analysis of Fly Ash Plate Sandwich Polyurethane Insulation Composite Wall." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 1003–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.1003.

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In order to study the seismic stress performance of the reinforced concrete frame assembly fly ash plate sandwich polyurethane composite wall insulation system (FW). In this paper, 2 bay single-layer single-span hollow fly ash plate sandwich polyurethane in filled frames were tested under low cyclic horizontal loadings with different ratio of high to width and different stiffness frame . Based on the experiment, the damage process, failure mode, load carrying capacity are studied. The interaction between the fly ash plate sandwich polyurethane infill walls and the overall frame of constraint s

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Agarwal, Ritu, G. S. Paliwal, and Parany Goswami. "Results of differential subordination for a unified subclass of analytic functions defined using generalized Ruscheweyh derivative operator." Asian-European Journal of Mathematics 12, no. 03 (2019): 1950035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793557119500359.

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In this paper, we introduce a unified subclass of analytic functions by making use of the principle of subordination, involving generalized Ruscheweyh Derivative operator [Formula: see text]. The properties such as inclusion relationships, distortion theorems, coefficient inequalities and differential sandwich theorem for the above class have been discussed.

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Achary, B. Shivaprasad, A. R. Ramya, Rajiv Trivedi, P. R. Bangal, and L. Giribabu. "Synthesis, characterization and photophysical properties of ferrocenyl and mixed sandwich cobaltocenyl ester linked meso-triaryl corrole dyads." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 21, no. 10 (2017): 646–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424617500614.

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We report here the design and synthesis of corrole-metallocene dyads consisting of a metallocene (either ferrocene (Dyad 1) or mixed sandwich [Formula: see text]-[C[Formula: see text]H[Formula: see text](COOH)]Co([Formula: see text]-C[Formula: see text]Ph[Formula: see text] (Dyad 2)) connected via an ester linkage at meso phenyl position. Both the dyads were characterized by [Formula: see text]H NMR, MALDI-TOF, UV-visible, fluorescence spectroscopies (steady-state, picosecond time-resolved), femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (fs-TA) and electrochemical methods. The absorption spect

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Yang, Haosen, Huirong Li, and Hui Zheng. "A structural-acoustic optimization of two-dimensional sandwich plates with corrugated cores." Journal of Vibration and Control 23, no. 18 (2016): 3007–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546315625558.

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This paper presents an optimization study of sandwich plates with corrugated cores for minimizing the transmitted sound power, considering the manufacturability of the structure and constraints on the structural weight and fundamental frequency. A two-dimensional plate model is developed based on the spectral element method (SEM) for the calculation of the frequency-domain vibration response of the whole sandwich structure subject to airborne excitation, and the Rayleigh integral formula is used to calculate the transmitted sound power via its structure-born path. A genetic algorithm-based mul

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Magnucki, Krzysztof, and Ewa Magnucka-Blandzi. "An Individual Core Structure of a Sandwich Beam Due to the “Broken Line” Theory of the Shear Effect–Three-Point Bending." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 19, no. 1 (2025): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.2478/ama-2025-0001.

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Abstract The work concerns a sandwich beam with an individual core structure giving a shear effect exactly in accordance to the “broken line” theory. According to the general theoretical scheme of a planar cross section deformation, longitudinal displacements, strains and stresses are analytically formulated. Moreover, the unknown deformation function of the core, with consideration of the classical shear stress formula, is analytically derived. Based on the condition regarding the linear deformation function of the core, according to the “broken line” theory, the differential equation is obta

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Li, Fan, and Guangyu Tong. "Sample size estimation for modified Poisson analysis of cluster randomized trials with a binary outcome." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 30, no. 5 (2021): 1288–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280221990415.

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The modified Poisson regression coupled with a robust sandwich variance has become a viable alternative to log-binomial regression for estimating the marginal relative risk in cluster randomized trials. However, a corresponding sample size formula for relative risk regression via the modified Poisson model is currently not available for cluster randomized trials. Through analytical derivations, we show that there is no loss of asymptotic efficiency for estimating the marginal relative risk via the modified Poisson regression relative to the log-binomial regression. This finding holds both unde

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Mihsin, Bassim Kareem. "New results for a subclass of analytic functions with integral operator appling differential subordination and superordination." Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics 28, no. 1 (2025): 79–89. https://doi.org/10.47974/jim-1797.

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We have closed this article, for deriving new superordination and subordination results for analytic functions in open unit disk Ʋ by using an integral operator Lυ ξ,ϱ,τ,ζ f(z). Many conclusions will be obtained for differential superordination and subordination to the new formula linked by integral operator and conclude several sandwich-type results are also acquired.

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Li, Qiang, Yu Gu, and Nanfei Wang. "Free Vibration Analysis of a New Polymer Quartz Piezoelectric Crystal Sensor Applied to Identify Chinese Liquors." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 09, no. 01 (2017): 1750015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825117500156.

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This paper deals with the analytical and numerical analysis of free vibration in a new polymer piezoelectric crystal sensor. A quartz piezoelectric crystal here serves as the basal material and nonmetallic polymer thin films with perforative central holes as the surface coating according to the principle of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), based on the Kirchhoff–Love plate model. A mechanical model of the new sensor was built, and its structure was a quartz piezoelectric sandwich composite circular plate with perforative central holes in the surface layers. The form of the electric potential

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Garbowski, Tomasz, Tomasz Gajewski, and Jakub Krzysztof Grabski. "Torsional and Transversal Stiffness of Orthotropic Sandwich Panels." Materials 13, no. 21 (2020): 5016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13215016.

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In the present work, an analytical equation describing the plate torsion test taking into account the transverse shear stiffness in sandwich plates is derived and numerically validated. Transverse shear becomes an important component if the analyzed plate or shell is thick with respect to the in-plane dimensions and/or its core has significantly lower stiffness than the outer faces. The popular example of such a sandwich plate is a corrugated cardboard, widely used in the packaging industry. The flat layers of a corrugated board are usually made of thicker (stronger) material than that used fo

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Fu, Guangming, Shuxin Li, Pengkun Lian, Jiankun Yang, Segen F. Estefen, and Baojiang Sun. "Empirical formula of buckle propagation pressure for sandwich pipes with polymer core material." Marine Structures 94 (March 2024): 103564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marstruc.2023.103564.

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Yang, Tai Hua, Xiao Yu, Jian Wu Gong, Bin Tang, Yang Zhi Zhong, and Xiang Chao Gong. "Influence and Analysis on the Bearing Capacity of Reinforced-Concrete-Frame Node in Beam and Plate's Constraint." Applied Mechanics and Materials 351-352 (August 2013): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.351-352.342.

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According to the domestic and foreign various building codes and a kind of limit fitting formula, to calculate and analyze the compressive bearing capacity of sandwich reinforced concrete beam-column nodes in a high-rising frame structure engineering, and to compare with the results calculated by Midas. They shown those are the facts that cant be neglected, the compressive bearing capacity of the sandwich node core area concrete in beam and plates constraint would improve and the amplitude of improving would be great. But current Chinese building codes haven't included them in the formal desig

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Apalowo, Rilwan K., and Dimitrios Chronopoulos. "Vibroacoustic design optimization of curved composite shells." Polymers and Polymer Composites 29, no. 9_suppl (2021): S1520—S1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911211060654.

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The need to simultaneously optimize the structural design properties, and attain a satisfactory vibroacoustic performance for composite structures, has been a challenging task for modern structural engineers. This work is aimed at developing a statistical energy analysis (SEA) based numerical scheme for computing the optimal design parameters of each individual layer of layered curved shells having arbitrary complexities and layering. The main novelty of the work focuses on the computation of SEA properties for curved composite shells and derive the sensitivities of the acoustic transmission c

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Hou, Li-Qun, Shi-Cai Chen, Wei-Ming Yan, and Kang-Suk Kim. "Mechanical performance of space sandwich joints under bidirectional cyclic loading." Advances in Structural Engineering 22, no. 1 (2018): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433218778403.

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In high-rise buildings with high-strength concrete column and normal-strength concrete floor, the beams and slabs are usually cast in a continuous fashion through the beam–column joint to simplify construction, and this results in the lower strength concrete at the beam–column joint core (sandwich joint). It will influence the capacity of the joint. In this article, three groups of three-dimensional specimens consisting of sandwich joint specimens and corresponding traditional joint specimens were tested under bidirectional reversed cyclic loads to investigate seismic performance, including th

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Belaid, Hichem, Hassina Ziou, and Mohammed Himeur. "A simple triangular finite element model for analysing the linear static behaviour of thick sandwich plates with equivalent material properties." Advances in Civil and Architectural Engineering 16, no. 30 (2025): 262–86. https://doi.org/10.13167/2025.30.15.

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This study presents a simple triangular finite element model for analysing the linear static behaviour of thick sandwich plates. What sets this work apart is its unique combination of the deformation approach with Airy’s function and analytic integration. The triangular plate finite element (TPFE) model using the Airy function consists of three nodes, each with three degrees of freedom: one transverse displacement and two rotations. Interpolation functions for strain, displacements, and stresses are derived using equilibrium conditions. The selection of bi-harmonic polynomial functions is base

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Khudhuir, Layth T., Hiba F. Al-Janaby, and Ahmed M. Ali. "Differential sandwich subordination of convolution operator acting on complex meromorphic functions." Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics 26, no. 2 (2023): 245–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47974/jim-1449.

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In the present study, a new complex convolution operator is introduced in terms of the meromorphic formula of the generalized Mittag-Leffler functions (MLfs), namely R– function. By employing the subordination methodology, appropriate classes of admissible functions are considered as well as the dual features of the third-order(3rd-order) differential subordination and superordination for this new operator are discussed. As a sequel, the sandwich-type outcome is also examined.

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Boccuto, Antonio. "Hahn-Banach and Sandwich Theorems for Equivariant Vector Lattice-Valued Operators and Applications." Tatra Mountains Mathematical Publications 76, no. 1 (2020): 11–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tmmp-2020-0015.

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AbstractWe prove Hahn-Banach, sandwich and extension theorems for vector lattice-valued operators, equivariant with respect to a given group G of homomorphisms. As applications and consequences, we present some Fenchel duality and separation theorems, a version of the Moreau-Rockafellar formula and some Farkas and Kuhn-Tucker-type optimization results. Finally, we prove that the obtained results are equivalent to the amenability of G.

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Boccuto, Antonio. "Hahn-Banach-Type Theorems and Subdifferentials for Invariant and Equivariant Order Continuous Vector Lattice-Valued Operators with Applications to Optimization." Tatra Mountains Mathematical Publications 78, no. 1 (2021): 139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tmmp-2021-0010.

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Abstract We give some versions of Hahn-Banach, sandwich, duality, Moreau--Rockafellar-type theorems, optimality conditions and a formula for the subdifferential of composite functions for order continuous vector lattice-valued operators, invariant or equivariant with respect to a fixed group G of homomorphisms. As applications to optimization problems with both convex and linear constraints, we present some Farkas and Kuhn-Tucker-type results.

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