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Journal articles on the topic 'Sandwich generation'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Yuliana, Sri. "Comparison of Child Health between Sandwich Generation and Non-Sandwich Generation." Populasi 29, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jp.67199.

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Sandwich Generation must treat two generations simultaneously and undoubtedly, having an impact on health in the sandwich generation, the previous generation, and the following generations. This study used IFLS data in 2007 and 2014 because IFLS provides longitudinal data that can see the relationship between sandwich generation households and children’s health status with the Multinomial Logistics Regression method. The results showed that the BMI of non-sandwich generation children was higher than the group of sandwich generation children and was statistically significant, so it was concluded that there were differences in the average BMI between groups of sandwich generation children and non-sandwich generation children. BMR of sandwich generation children is lower than the group of not sandwich generation children and statistically significant, so with these results, it can be concluded that there is a difference in the average BMR between groups of sandwich generation children and non-sandwich generation children. The status of sandwich generation where relative to non-sandwich generation is only significant if the child is obese. Meanwhile, the status of the sandwich generation, which is relative to non-sandwich generation, significantly affects BMR for children in both the below-average BMR category and above-average BMR category for the overall sample.
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2

Yuniari, Ni Komang Ayu, and Ida Ayu Nyoman Saskara. "The Happiness of the Sandwich Generation in Bali: the Roles of Family, Social, and Balinese Culture." Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi 12, no. 2 (October 22, 2023): 355–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v12i2.32315.

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The sandwich generation in Bali, especially Gianyar, which is still thick with its culture, has a dual role in the family, as caregivers for children and parents, breadwinners, and is actively involved in community activities. This study aims to analyze the influence of cultural norms in moderating the effect of family roles and social support on the happiness of the sandwich generation. The samples were 203 generations of sandwiches obtained through accidental sampling techniques and analyzed using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results showed that cultural norms, social support, and family roles significantly influence the happiness of the sandwich generation. Meanwhile, cultural norms were not variables that moderate the effect of family roles and social support on the happiness of the sandwich generation. This study proposed two central policies to break the sandwich generation chain in Gianyar Regency: socializing the importance of financial literacy so that in the future, a person does not depend on his child for life and forming a parent empowerment group to reduce the burden of the sandwich generation.JEL Classification: M14, J12, I31, L31How to Cite:Yuniari, N. K. A., & Saskara, I. A. N., (2023). Happiness of the Sandwich Generation in Bali: the Role of Family, Social and Balinese Culture. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 12(2), 355-370. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie. v12i2.32315.
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3

Mutiah, Nur, Delima Sari Lubis, Muhammad Ariful Maarif, Nando Farizal, Aliman Syahuri Zein, and Mei Awalina. "Analysis of The Influence of Muslim Sandwich Generation Technology Philanthropy on Poverty." Proceeding of International Conference on Islamic Philantrophy 1 (July 8, 2023): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/icip.v1i1.401.

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This study aims to determine the effect of Muslim sandwich generation philanthropic technology on poverty. One of the problems that is still being faced by the Indonesian state is the problem of poverty. Poverty alleviation efforts are carried out to realize the ideals of the nation, namely, the creation of a just and prosperous society. The sandwich generation has the hope of living a just and prosperous life. The sandwich generation is like a slice of a sandwich. Those who have reached adulthood are "sandwiched" between responsibilities for children and their parents who have entered old age to care for, provide for, and meet the needs of clothing, food, and shelter. Becoming the sandwich generation may not be everyone's dream. The responsibility that is carried is not easy because you have to support two generations at once. Sandwich situations require an open attitude among family members to help ensure that money is managed wisely, effectively, and cooperatively. In addition to such a position, the Muslim sandwich generation must be aware that there are still other people's rights in their wealth. This means that this generation must issue obligations such as zakat, infaq, alms, and endowments. According to Marts (2013), this generation is very dependent on technological sophistication because it is required to have fast performance, so it tends to be more practical. This type of research is a quantitative research using the SEM (structural equation modeling) method. The research sample is the sandwich generation of Muslims in Indonesia with a probability sampling technique. This study's results indicate the influence of philanthropic technology used by the Muslim sandwich generation on poverty reduction. In addition, this research is useful for the government and formal charitable institutions to reduce poverty. However, this will be realized if the government protects formal charitable institutions thereby increasing philanthropic behavior by the Muslim sandwich generation. The government must also take a role, namely to regulate the distribution of benevolent funds to areas in need. For example, the centralization of benevolence funds to create a fair distribution. Sandwich generation competence using financial planning technology needs to be developed by the government so that it can build a mindset of people who are aware of managing finances. This can be done by increasing the number of charitable institutions engaged in financial planning technology. Charitable institutions also have a role, namely they must be able to maintain public trust and cooperate with other formal charitable institutions. Every formal charitable institution must be able to distribute all benevolent funds proportionally.
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4

Miyawaki, Christina, Erin Bouldin, Eva Jeffers, and Lisa McGuire. "Sandwich Generation Caregiving Among Baby Boomer and Generation X Caregivers in the United States." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.353.

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Abstract Sandwich generation caregivers are generally those who care for both a child and an older adult. Baby Boomer and Generation X belong to this age cohort. Using data from the 2015-2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Caregiver Module, we compared the prevalence and characteristics of sandwich caregivers across these two generations. Data represent adults from 44 jurisdictions. We categorized caregivers into generations using their age at the time of the survey (N=34,777). Sandwich caregivers were classified as those who lived with a child (≤18 years) and provided care/assistance to a parent/grandparent with a long-term illness/disability during the past 30 days. Prevalence ratios (PR) from log-binomial regression models that included generation, sandwich caregiver status, sex, and race/ethnicity were used to compare weighted estimates. Six percent of Baby Boomers and 31% of Generation X were sandwich caregivers (p<0.001). In adjusted models, sandwich caregivers had a lower prevalence of any chronic health condition (PR=0.77, p=0.01) and fair/poor health (PR=0.87, p=0.003) than other caregivers, but similar frequent mental and physical distress prevalence. Baby Boomer caregivers were more likely to report a chronic health condition, fair/poor health, and frequent physical distress than their Generation X counterparts, but less likely to report frequent mental distress. Sandwich caregivers in these generations appear to be in better health than other caregivers. Nonetheless, it is critical to support the needs of sandwich caregivers as they age, given their important role in meeting the needs of both children and older adults and the additional challenges created by the pandemic.
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5

Putri, Paramitha Amelia, and Arie Prasetio. "Makna Generasi Sandwich Pada Film Cinta Pertama, Kedua, dan Ketiga (Analisis Semiotika Charles Sanders Peirce)." Jurnal Indonesia : Manajemen Informatika dan Komunikasi 5, no. 2 (May 10, 2024): 1344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35870/jimik.v5i2.668.

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Indonesia is facing the phenomenon of the sandwich generation, which plays a dual role in the financial affairs of three generations at once. Data from the March 2022 National Socio-Economic Survey shows that 8.4 million Indonesians (62.71%) belong to the sandwich generation. The movie "First, Second, and Third Love" reflects this reality, directed by Gina S. Noer based on a true story. This study applies Charles Sanders Peirce's Semiotic method to analyze triadic signs. The research shows that individuals give meaning to societal experiences by using the Social Reality Construction Theory. The movie becomes a representation of social reality, helping to understand the complexity of the sandwich generation's life in the context of Indonesian families. To break the chain of the sandwich generation that can damage the next generation, priority awareness, implementation of life limit setting, role as an entrepreneur, and increased educational awareness are needed to change the toxic culture.
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6

Nurul Khasanah, Umi Widyastuti, and Muhammad Fawaiq. "Kepuasan Keuangan pada Generasi Sandwich dan Implikasinya terhadap Perilaku Mengelola Keuangan." Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen, dan Keuangan 4, no. 1 (June 8, 2023): 260–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jbmk.0401.19.

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ABSTRACT Financial satisfaction is determined by circumstances and understanding of personal financial needs. This research analysis is needed to investigate the determinants of financial satisfaction in the sandwich generation and their implications for financial management behavior. This research is quantitative and causal. Data collection was carried out through a research survey conducted in Greater Jakarta using an online questionnaire which was distributed via social media and involved one hundred and twenty five generations of sandwiches. The research findings show that financial literacy has a positive and significant effect on financial management behavior and financial satisfaction. The hypothesis is rejected where financial attitudes do not affect financial management behavior and financial satisfaction. Financial management behavior has a positive and significant effect on financial satisfaction in the sandwich generation. Keyword: financial management behavior, financial satisfaction, sandwich generation ABSTRAK Kepuasan keuangan ditentukan oleh keadaan dan pemahaman akan kebutuhan finansial pribadinya. Maka, analisis penelitian ini diperlukan untuk menyelidiki faktor-faktor penentu kepuasan keuangan pada generasi sandwich dan implikasinya terhadap perilaku mengelola keuangan. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif dan kausal. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui survei penelitian yang dilakukan di Jabodetabek dengan menggunakan kuesioner online yang disebarkan melalui media sosial dan melibatkan seratus dua puluh lima generasi sandwich. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa literasi keuangan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perilaku pengelolaan keuangan dan kepuasan keuangan. Hipotesis ditolak dimana sikap keuangan tidak mempengaruhi perilaku mengelola keuangan dan kepuasan keuangan. Perilaku mengelola keuangan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan keuangan pada generasi sandwich. Kata kunci: perilaku mengelola keuangan, kepuasan keuangan, generasi sandwich
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7

Features Submission, Haworth Continuing. "THE SANDWICH GENERATION." Journal of Nutrition For the Elderly 11, no. 3 (August 25, 1992): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j052v11n03_06.

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8

Chisholm, June F. "The Sandwich Generation." Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless 8, no. 3 (January 1999): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1021368826791.

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9

Rahman, Amelia, and Turro Seltris Wongkaren. "Pengaruh modal sosial terhadap kebahagiaan generasi sandwich di Indonesia." Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia 17, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jki.v17i2.675.

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The measure of welfare is not only about material prosperity but also about happiness. The sandwich generation has a dual role to play in influencing their happiness. On the other hand, social capital also affects happiness. There are several mechanisms by which social capital affects happiness, including health conditions, household income, and education. This study aims to analyze specifically how social capital influences the happiness of the sandwich generation in Indonesia. This study uses SPTK 2017 data, analyzing the head of household or partner of the sandwich generation and non-sandwich generation. Using OLS estimation, the study found that the happiness index in the sandwich and non-sandwich generations are not significantly different. However, social capital generally has a significant effect on happiness. In addition, health conditions were found to be a variable that becomes a mechanism for how social capital affects happiness. Increasing the value of social capital in the poor health sandwich generation will be more beneficial in increasing their happiness. Meanwhile, household income and education were not found to be mechanisms for social capital.
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10

Kubota, Engine, Anis Nur Faizah MS, Sandya Mahendra, Agusti Prayoga, and Ulfah Dwi Rahmawati. "Millennials and the Sandwich Generation: The Challenge of Adapting Self-Identity Across Time." Proceedings Series on Physical & Formal Sciences 3 (March 9, 2022): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/pspfs.v3i.260.

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Nowadays, the term millennial has been heard very often. Millennials or Generation Y are the generation born in the 1980s - early 2000s. At this time, the millennial generation has an age range of 25-40 years and is in the position of the sandwich generation. The sandwich generation itself is the people who are squeezed between the demands of two generations at once, namely parents and children plus the demands of their own life. The sandwich generation now carries a fairly heavy burden considering their lifetimes that have passed the generational transition line which is quite extreme. This study aims: 1) To know the definition of millennials and the sandwich generation in depth. 2) Studying more about the role of millennials who are also the sandwich generation. 3) Knowing the adaptation pattern of the millennial generation and the sandwich generation in the industrial 4.0 era. And this writing uses a descriptive qualitative research methodology by using many data variables that are appropriate in order to produce directed and accountable writing. As technology is developing, everything is moving fast. Likewise, the current generation must adapt to conditions that are far different from the early life they lived. So that this significant difference affects many social aspects in terms of the intergenerational relationship which then gives birth to a mindset and parenting pattern that is qualified by the times.
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11

Arimbi, Devinta Dwiky, Umi Dayati, and Sri Wahyuni. "Family Resilience in Implementing Parenting in Sandwich Generation Families (Phenomenological Study on Sandwich Generation Families in Sumberpucung Village)." KOLOKIUM Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah 11, no. 3 (December 31, 2023): 1089–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/kolokium.v11i3.751.

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Living as a sandwich generation can enable one to feel overwhelmed by the double roles they're playing. The burden of foster care in the sandwich generation family is the feelings experienced by caregivers referring to emotional, physical, social, and financial conditions and affecting personal, family, and social lives. This method of research uses qualitative research with a model of phenomenological approach and uses data collection techniques such as observation, interview and documentation techniques. First, the physical health burden arises from the exhaustion of childcare and work. Second, the mental health burdens arise from financial problems and poor social stereotypes about women who work remotely. Third, the financial burden emerges from the abundance of needs to be met so that the sandwich generation has no savings. Fourthly, the burden of social life is because the busy working sandwich generation is less able to communicate with their families. Family resilience. First, the physical economic endurance of the family's sandwich generation meets primary needs by working. This work is done by a couple of sandwich generations to meet the needs of the family. Second, social resilience where the family of the sandwich generation always implants religious values as well as building effective communication with family members. Third, the psychological resilience of the way the family deals with problems in a quiet and calming way.
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12

Papkova, N. E. "Problems of «Sandwich» Generation: Psychological and Gender Aspects." Contemporary Problems of Social Work 4, no. 4 (2018): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2412-5466-2018-4-4-46-52.

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13

Supriatna, Aang, Mohammad Rindu Fajar Islamy, Kokom Siti Komariah, Muhamad Parhan, and Adila Hafidzani Nur Fitria. "Explaining Sandwich Generation Phenomena in the Modernity Dimension." Jurnal Studi Sosial dan Politik 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/jssp.v6i1.11547.

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This study aims to explore the community's view of the phenomenon of Sandwich Generation in the dimension of modernity. The increasing number of population in Indonesia also gives rise to a new phenomenon, namely the Sandwich Generation. The Sandwich Generation phenomenon has been introduced since the 90s, especially among women who work to maintain two generations simultaneously. Responding to this ongoing phenomenon by finding out how the public responds to sandwich generation by distributing questionnaires in the form of Google Forms to various groups of people to analyze the results of the community's responses to the current phenomenon. The results of the analysis show that there are still many misconceptions regarding this phenomenon, which is considered one of the forms of child exploitation. This happens because of a lack of knowledge about how a child is obliged to his parents, being the sandwich generation is not a disgrace but a good opportunity to be devoted to both parents and must live it sincerely so that what is obtained can be a blessing.
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14

Künemund, Harald. "Changing Welfare States and the “Sandwich Generation” : Increasing Burden for the Next Generation?" International Journal of Ageing and Later Life 1, no. 2 (December 22, 2006): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ijal.1652-8670.061211.

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The burden placed on individuals aged 40 to 59 – especially on women – by competing demands from work and both older and younger family members is often addressed using the metaphor of the “sandwich generation”. Based on a systematization of the definitions used in the literature, empirical evidence on the frequency of such generational constellations and on their impact on the well-being of sandwiched adults will be presented. Analysing the second wave of the German Aging Survey shows that being sandwiched – defined as a generational constellation – is very common, but simultaneous care activities for both older and younger family members are rare, especially in combination with labour force participation, and that life satisfaction is not systematically related to being sandwiched. Implications for further research and future developments will be discussed, especially with respect to changes in family structure (e.g. the beanpole family) and changes in the amount of welfare state spending for the aged.
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15

Smith, Kenneth G. "Serving the Sandwich Generation:." Journal of Independent Social Work 3, no. 3 (April 5, 1989): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j283v03n03_07.

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Dewi, Salamiah Sari, Amanah Surbakti, and Atika Mentari Nataya Nasution. "ISLAMIC PARENTING IN SANDWICH GENERATION." Psikis : Jurnal Psikologi Islami 8, no. 2 (December 27, 2022): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/psikis.v8i2.13865.

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This study aimed to find out more about Islamic Parenting in Sandwich Generation. The research method used in this research is qualitative research with a case study approach. This research was conducted by collecting observation data and interviews with the parents of the SDN 027962 Binjai students who are the sandwich generation according to the journal of M. Sahal. The selection of the study location was based on interviews from parents of students who complained about their positions as sandwich generation. The study was conducted on 3 parents of students. The data analysis technique was carried out by data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of this study indicated that the application of Islamic parenting in the sandwich generation has been going quite well. The differences found in implementing Islamic parenting were based on differences in parents' economic conditions, which gave impact to the availability of time and understanding of religion by parents who became the sandwich generation. Parents who had low economic conditions tend to use practical parenting and rely on the involvement of experts (parents or teachers) to cover the lack of time that can be provided to care for their children. The study concluded that efforts to implement Islamic parenting based on M. Sahal’s journal such as al-Mukalatah or socialization, al-I’tiyad or habituation, al-Ta’allum or learning, internalization and integrity, and religious children can be applied to families experiencing the sandwich generation.
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17

Hemalatha, Sruthi Anilkumar, T. V. Sekher, and Nawaj Sarif. "GENDER DIFFERENCES IN CAREGIVING PRACTICES AND MARITAL RELATIONSHIPS OF SANDWICH GENERATION COUPLES IN MUMBAI." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.347.

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Abstract Over the next few decades, the most important demographic trend for the Asia Pacific region will be population aging. The increasing aging population in India and the fact that the economic dependence of the older adults is high and the cost of education and child care is on the rise pose serious challenges to generations of individuals and couples who are expected to take care of both their children and their parents. This study's primary objective is to comprehensively understand the effects of giving care to their children and their parents on various aspects of the life of sandwich generation couples. The study uses primary data of 300 multigenerational households and 100 two-generation/one-generation households in Mumbai. Specifically, the study attempts to understand the effect of giving care to two generations on the marital relationship of the caregiving couples. Additionally, the study also explores gender differences in caregiving practices. Results from bivariate and multivariate analyses show that providing simultaneous care to two generations significantly impacts the marital relationship of the sandwiched couples as opposed to couples staying in one/two-generation households. Results also show considerable gender differences in caregiving roles and time spent on caregiving. Women spend more time assisting in household activities, while men are more likely to provide monetary support. Thus, extensive research on the sandwich generation in India is necessary to ensure the socio-economic well-being of the couples, the welfare of their children and parents, and the physical and psychosocial health of these couples.
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Campos de Lima, Everton Emanuel, Maria Carolina Tomás, and Bernardo Lanza Queiroz. "The sandwich generation in Brazil." Revista Latinoamericana de Población 9, no. 16 (December 23, 2015): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31406/relap2015.v9.i1.n16.3.

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The paper analyzes the demographic determinants and implications of the ‘sandwich generation’ in Brazil. This generation is characterized by women who are likely to devote a significant amount of time to caring for both young children and elderly parents. In the past few decades, Brazil has been facing a rapid fertility and mortality decline, but the average fertility age has changed very little. The combination of these elements has had socioeconomic consequences on women and families. More specifically, we investigate: (i) what is the probability of a woman having a young child (less than one year of age) and a living parent; (ii) what is the average time that women spend within the sandwich generation and how has this duration changed over time; and (iii) what is the average age when children experience a grandparent’s death. We use a SOCSIM microsimulation to analyze these three questions.
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19

Raphael, Dennis, and Ben Schlesinger. "Women in the Sandwich Generation:." Journal of Women & Aging 6, no. 1-2 (May 10, 1994): 21–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j074v06n01_03.

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20

Dellasega, Cheryl. "Health in the Sandwich Generation." Geriatric Nursing 10, no. 5 (September 1989): 242–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-4572(89)80178-8.

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21

Salsabilla, Alyssa, Herry Krisnandi, Kumba Digdowiseiso, and Monizaihasra Mohamed. "The Effect of Sandwich Generation." International Journal of Social Service and Research 4, no. 01 (January 25, 2024): 202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/ijssr.v4i01.687.

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The study aims to determine the effect of Sandwich Generation (Work Psychology, Time Management and Work Commitment) on the Performance of National University Employees. This research data used primary data in the form of questionnaires to 95 National University respondents. Data analysis techniques using inferential analysis with multiple linear regression and using the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) program version 22. The results of multiple linear regression analysis show that the variables Work Psychology (X1), Time Management (X2), and Work Commitment (X3) have a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance. The results of this study expect companies to improve compensation, motivation, and time management training that can support employee performance.
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22

Pashazade, Hakime, Masoomeh Maarefvand, Yadollah Abolfathi Momtaz, and Kianoush Abdi. "Sandwich Generation Issues and Challenges." Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 21, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 379–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/irj.21.3.51.6.

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Today, with the increase in the elderly population and life expectancy, the need to use care services for this significant part of the population is increasing [1]. Beliefs, cultures, and social norms among different ethnicities and races are vital in the extent and nature of care. Two types of care exist, informal and formal. According to statistics by the Secretariat of the National Council on Aging, almost 0.2% of the elderly receive formal care. Therefore, a significant percentage of the elderly live with their families.
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Grätzel, Philipp. "Phytotherapie für die Sandwich-Generation." NeuroTransmitter 26, no. 10 (October 2015): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15016-015-0855-1.

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Dian Kristiani Irawaty and Maria Gayatri. "Sensing the Squeeze of Sandwich Generation Women in Jakarta, Indonesia." Journal of Family Sciences 8, no. 1 (June 15, 2023): 52–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jfs.v8i1.43942.

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The majority of Indonesian women, known as "sandwich generations," have taken care of their young children and aging parents. Individual role-balancing challenges among these "sandwich" women have not yet, been fully investigated. This study aims to highlight Indonesian women's obstacles for being a sandwich generation. A qualitative descriptive case study through semi-structured interviews was carried out. A purposive sampling by key informants was conducted in June 2022 until saturation of the information was reached. This study involved six informants who live in Jakarta. Qualitative content analysis was carried out to generate codes and assign categories. From female respondent perspectives, males frequently provide financial support, whereas women are more likely to do so emotionally and assist with daily tasks like housework, grocery shopping, and personal cleanliness. Because of this, there was a significant conclusion that most sandwich-generation women received limited help during children and elderly care, evidencing the existence of other external factors favorable to physical, emotional, and mental stress and financial challenges.
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Sudarji, Shanty, Hana Panggabean, and Rustono Farady Marta. "Challenges of the Sandwich Generation: Stress and coping strategy of the multigenerational care." Indigenous: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi 7, no. 3 (December 28, 2022): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/indigenous.v7i3.19433.

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Abstract. The Sandwich Generation is defined as those in multigenerational care positions and caregivers for children and parents or in-laws. They are often found in an extended families in Indonesia. Multigenerational parenting carried out by the Sandwich Generation can pose various challenges and problems, especially for Sandwich Generation working females, who must juggle their parenting loads with workplace demands. The Sandwich Generation is at risk for various mental health problems, including stress, depression, and anxiety. The purpose of this study is to describe the stress and coping strategies of the Sandwich Generation. The participants were 12 Sandwich Generation working females a mean age of 36. We applied a phenomenological qualitative approach with Interviews and Focus Group Discussions to collect our data. The result showed that stress occurs mainly in situations when parenting demands arise simultaneously, when both children and parents simultaneously need attention. Stress that appears generally has more impact on the emotional aspects of participants rather than on the physical one, such as feelings of sadness, guilt, and unstable emotions, and in terms of cognitive, forgetfulness, loss of concentration, and overthinking. Coping strategies used by the Sandwich Generation are emotionfocused coping strategies and problem-focused coping strategies. Emotion-focused coping strategies revealed distancing, escape-avoidance, accepting responsibility, self-control, and seeking emotional social support. We found only three problem-focused coping strategies: confrontative coping, seeking informational support, and planful problem-solving.Keywords: sandwich generation; stress; coping strategies
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Moniz, Edna, and Rosa Marina Afonso. "DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY IN SANDWICH GENERATION CAREGIVERS." Psicologia, Saúde & Doença 22, no. 03 (November 2021): 1079–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15309/21psd220325.

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SE, Yuyun HA Tika, Fatma Azmi Andrini, Afifah Komariyah, Bella Arini Haq, and Elita Widianti. "Coping Strategy in Fulfilling the Role of the Sandwich Generation." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 4, no. 6 (June 2023): 1498–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.4.623.44294.

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28

Rita, Maria Rio, Yeterina Widi Nugrahanti, and Pambayun Kinasih Yekti Nastiti. "The Sources and Effects of Retirement Planning: An Empirical Study of Sandwich-Generation Employees in Indonesia." Media Ekonomi dan Manajemen 39, no. 2 (July 15, 2024): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.56444/mem.v39i2.4878.

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This research aims to analyze the retirement planning of employees belonging to the sandwich generation by considering financial literacy, collectivist culture, and family financial responsibility that promote financial and psychological well-being. We run the SEM-PLS to analyze the data from 200 sandwich-generation employees between 25-55 years old. The results demonstrate that financial literacy positively affects financial and psychological well-being, collectivist culture positively affects family financial responsibility, family financial responsibility affects retirement planning and psychological well-being, as well as retirement planning positively affects financial and psychological well-being. These findings indicate that personal and financial factors contribute to retirement planning for sandwich generation employees. It is hoped that planning for retirement early can break the chain of births of the next sandwich generation in the family, so that financial and psychological well-being can be achieved. This paper implies that sandwich-generation employees must plan their retirements early and wisely to achieve financial well-being and even break the chain of the next sandwich-generation.
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Fenstermacher, Erika, Montgomery Owsiany, and Barry Edelstein. "INFORMAL CAREGIVING BURNOUT AMONG THE SANDWICH GENERATION." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.3115.

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Abstract Twenty-nine percent of U.S. adults care for children. Of those adults, 12% are multigenerational caregivers who also provide unpaid care for one or more adults. Many multigenerational caregivers are considered members of the “sandwich generation,” which is a term for multigenerational caregivers who provide care, financial support, and emotional support for both their children and parents. Approximately 71% of this generation is between the ages of 40 and 59, and approximately 10% are 60 or older. The sandwich generation is largely understudied and presents challenges including informal caregiving burnout and depression. Informal caregiving burnout is a syndrome that results from the stress of providing care. Researchers have not yet investigated burnout in the sandwich generation. The present study examined how sandwich generation caregivers differed from caregivers of children and caregivers of parents regarding depression and burnout. Two measures of burnout were used (non-caregiving burnout = degree of physical and psychological fatigue and exhaustion; informal caregiving burnout = degree of physical and psychological fatigue and exhaustion related to caregiving). We found that sandwich generation caregivers and caregivers of parents scored significantly higher than caregivers of children on informal caregiving burnout. Caregiving burnout and non-caregiving burnout were significantly correlated with depression (r = .496, p < .001 and r = .773, p < .001, respectively). Burnout is higher in sandwich generation caregivers and those who care for parents than burnout among those who care only for children. This study is unique in its investigation of informal caregiving burnout among the sandwich generation.
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Nuryasman MN and Elizabeth Elizabeth. "Generasi Sandwich: Penyebab Stres Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Keputusan Keuangan." Jurnal Ekonomi 28, no. 1 (March 2, 2023): 20–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/je.v28i1.1322.

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This research aims to find the correlation between financial literacy towards financial decision-making with retirement planning, sandwich generation, and stres as the mediating variables. Population used in this research is Indonesian people who are their productive age, are generating income, and are financially responsible for themselves and their families who are both older and younger than them. In this research, researchers gathered 382 samples dominated by people aged between 26 until 31 who live on Java Island. This research uses the quantitative method, cross-sectional, and convenience sampling using questionnaires distributed online. Then, the data is analyzed by using smartPLS 4.0 version. The result is financial literacy positively correlates with retirement planning; retirement planning positively influences sandwich generation; sandwich generation negatively affects stress, and stress negatively correlates with financial decision-making.
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Anil Kumar, A. H. Sruthi. "Navigating the caregiver’s strain: psychosocial well-being among sandwich generation caregivers in India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 11, no. 2 (January 31, 2024): 841–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240275.

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Background: Sandwich generation caregivers, while providing simultaneous care to two generations, face unique challenges and responsibilities. This research tried to understand the intricate aspects of this caregiving paradigm, with an emphasis on the difficulties faced by the sandwich generation in India and its impact on their psychosocial well-being. Methods: The study used the Montgomery Borgatta caregiver burden scale to measure the burden experienced by the caregivers. Furthermore, both bivariate and multivariate analyses were done to understand the effects of background factors on the burden experienced by the caregiver. Results: The findings demonstrate significant associations with demographic characteristics such as age, caste, education, income, religion, and employment status, emphasizing the multidimensional nature of the burdens. Younger caregivers experienced greater objective and demand burdens, suggesting that the caregiving challenges intensify as caregivers age. Higher education and income were associated with increased subjective demand burden, possibly due to higher expectations and greater responsibilities. Conclusions: The study results highlight the critical need for tailored support systems that identify and address the unique issues of sandwich generation caregiving. As population ageing continues to impact societies worldwide, understanding and addressing the concerns of sandwich generation caregivers is crucial for the well-being of individuals, families, and communities.
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Asy’syifa, Farah, and Endang R. Surjaningrum. "Pengaruh Caregiver Burden Terhadap Psychological Well-Being Dimoderatori Oleh Resiliensi Pada Ibu Generasi Sandwich." Jurnal Syntax Fusion 3, no. 10 (October 26, 2023): 1105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54543/fusion.v3i10.373.

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This study aims to determine the moderating effect of resilience on the relationship between caregiver burden and psychological well-being in mothers of the sandwich generation. Providing care for two generations simultaneously leads to a decrease in psychological well-being triggered by the caregiver burden experienced by mothers of the sandwich generation. The presence of resilience in individuals can enhance psychological well-being even when they are still experiencing caregiver burden. This quantitative study utilized a survey method with questionnaires, including the Burden Scale for Family Caregivers short scale, Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale, and the Resilience Scale, which were administered to 130 Indonesian married housewives aged 30 to 55 years old, who were simultaneously taking care of and living with both their parents/in-laws and children. Data analysis was performed using moderator analysis techniques with the assistance of the statistical software Jamovi for Windows version 3.2.28. The results of the study indicate that caregiver burden has a negative impact on the psychological well-being of mothers in the sandwich generation. Furthermore, the resilience of mothers in the sandwich generation has a positive influence on psychological well-being, but resilience does not moderate the influence of caregiver burden and psychological well-being
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Hardiyanti, Widhian, Sartika Wulandari, and Ignatius Hari Santoso. "LOGAM MULIA EMAS : ALAT INVESTASI UTAMA BAGI GENERASI SANDWICH ?" Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen 7, no. 2 (January 3, 2023): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37058/jem.v7i2.3043.

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This study aims to analyze the differences in attitudes between sandwich generations investing in precious metals in carrying out parenting patterns for parents and children. This research used 67 respondents who specifically consisted of 27 respondents who owned gold as the main investment tool, while the rest were groups of respondents who had investment tools other than gold precious metals through mutual funds.By using the Mann Whitney method, it can be concluded that there are different attitudes in the Sandwich generation who invest in gold and those who invest in other than precious metals in carrying out parenting patterns for parents and children. Furthermore, gold precious metal is not an appropriate investment tool for the sandwich generation because it requires a larger fundraiser and a high level of discipline
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Alpiansah, Restu, Rizal Ramdani, Rina Komala, and Stevany Hanalyna Dethan. "Discussion on Radio: Dilema Keuangan Generasi Sandwich." JILPI : Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian dan Inovasi 2, no. 2 (January 2, 2024): 605–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.57248/jilpi.v2i2.351.

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The Sandwich Generation has financial difficulties. They are unable to handle additional tasks due to a shortage of resources and the presence of multiple personal obstacles. Residing with their family poses more financial issues due to the additional intricacy of financial planning. This article offers an extensive examination and discourse on the financial difficulties encountered by the sandwich generation, as well as possible solutions. To tackle the financial crisis, the sandwich generation must be provided with extensive financial literacy instruction. This service is provided through a live discourse program aired on Fresh Radio station 95.9 FM. The radio is widely embraced by the younger demographic in Lombok Island. The primary impact of this community project is to cultivate awareness and comprehension among the younger generation regarding effective money management strategies. It is important to aggressively educate the younger generation, especially the sandwich generation, on financial literacy to develop their understanding of financial matters and improve their skills in managing their finances.
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Abramson, Tobi A. "Older Adults: The “Panini Sandwich” Generation." Clinical Gerontologist 38, no. 4 (May 12, 2015): 251–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2015.1032466.

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Faizal Amir. "Nilai-nilai Moderasi Beragama dalam Penerapan Nafkah Suami Penyandang Disabilitas Generasi Sandwich." NUKHBATUL 'ULUM: Jurnal Bidang Kajian Islam 9, no. 2 (December 22, 2023): 138–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36701/nukhbah.v9i2.1110.

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The sandwich generation is defined as individuals who become the backbone of their families by providing for their children, themselves, and their parents. This phenomenon is widespread in Indonesia. This research aims to uncover the role of husbands with disabilities in the sandwich generation, focusing on the dimension of religious moderation. This study uses a case study method to explore a comprehensive overview of the role of husbands with disabilities in the dynamics of the sandwich generation. The result of the research shows that husbands with disabilities in the sandwich generation are able to integrate religious values into their livelihood practices, creating an inclusive and fair approach. The implications are to support husbands with disabilities in their livelihood roles by understanding religious values and promoting social and economic inclusion. It also highlights the role of religion in creating peace within sandwich generation families. Generasi sandwich adalah setiap individu yang menjadi tulang punggung keluarga dengan membiayai anak, dirinya, dan orang tuanya. Fenomena ini sangat banyak di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap peran suami penyandang disabilitas dalam generasi sandwich dengan berfokus pada dimensi moderasi beragama. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus untuk menggali gambaran yang komprehensif tentang peran suami penyandang disabilitas dalam dinamika generasi sandwich. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari dua jenis sumber, yaitu sumber data primer dan sumber data sekunder. Sumber data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam. Sumber data sekunder terdiri dari kitab-kitab ulama klasik, buku-buku, dan artikel jurnal yang membahas nafkah, penyandang disabilitas, generasi sandwich, dan moderasi beragama. Proses analisis data dimulai dengan reduksi data, pengkodean relevan, dan penyajian data. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa suami penyandang disabilitas generasi sandwich mampu mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai agama dalam praktik nafkah, menciptakan pendekatan inklusif dan adil. Implikasinya adalah mendukung suami penyandang disabilitas dalam peran nafkah dengan memahami nilai-nilai agama serta mendorong inklusi sosial dan ekonomi. Ini juga menyoroti peran agama dalam menciptakan kedamaian dalam keluarga generasi sandwich.
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Rozalinna, Genta Mahardika, and Violetta Lovenika Nur Anwar. "Rusunawa dan Sandwich Generation: Resiliensi Masa Pandemi di Ruang Perkotaan." COVID-19 and Resilience 1, no. 01 (December 27, 2021): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.bjss.2021.001.01.5.

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This study aims to analyze resilience from sandwich generation during the pandemics concerning the needs for living place (rusunawa) in city space East Java province. Rusunawa is a part of strategic plan from Flats directorate, ministry of public works and society housing in 2020-2024 which provides new houses for about 107-967 units through program flats building, special house and stimulant budget for constructing new self-subsistent house. Rusunawa is made especially for the people who has low income, and were built in around 18.380 unit. The method of taking data is using in-depth interviews on four members of sandwich generation which located in Malang, Probolinggo, Surabaya, and Sidoarjo also second data resources in form of empirical study report and government documents which related strategic plan rusunawa construction, the number of sandwich generation, also number of possession status of the rental house. The result is the narratives of experiences of sandwich generation for choosing a place to live also the interaction that happened among the sandwich generation in defining urban resilience. This debate happens in the context of understanding and embedding the word of tough and defense city in the thought of the sandwich generation. The economy factor happened dominantly to the sandwich generation for choosing the needs of a place to live other than the capacity of economy capacity, human, also disturbance during pandemic. All together think about the economy capacity which they had in a way of more to choose a place to stay with ste status of 'rental house' than possesed their own house without considering another capacities in the elements of city defense. This thing become contradictory in the middle of effort of the government which getting intense to the evaluation of indicator of the tough city for manifesting city defense.
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Nasith, Ali. "Sandwich Generation: Sociological Dynamics In The Traditions Of Madura Society From An Islamic Perspective." FALASIFA : Jurnal Studi Keislaman 14, no. 2 (November 20, 2023): 126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.62097/falasifa.v14i2.1485.

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This research aims to photograph and explore in depth the sociological phenomenon of the sandwich generation in the traditions of the Madurese community in Jember Regency. Especially those related to the sociological construction of the sandwich generation and the motivation for their upbringing from an Islamic perspective. In the process, this research uses a qualitative with ethnographic approach. Data collection techniques were carried out using in-depth interviews and observation. The data analysis used is ethnographic thematic analysis. The research findings in this study are [1] Sandwich generation in the Madurese community tradition is a construction and socio-religious fact, namely a social phenomenon that arises from the community's religious understanding. [2] Parenting motivation in the sandwich generation is driven by moral compensation, affective and theological impulses. Based on these practices and dynamics, Islam provides guidance that devotion to parents in any community and generation must be carried out sincerely and with full respect.
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Tito Wira Eka Suryawijaya, Muhammad Tata Rizky Setyo Utomo, and Kusni Ingsih. "Digital Fatigue: Assessing Burnout In The Virtual Offices Era (Sandwich Generation Viewpoint)." International Journal Of Accounting, Management, And Economics Research 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.56696/ijamer.v1i2.15.

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The perspective of the majority of individuals reflects the view that working from home is actually more tiring compared to the experience of working face-to-face. WFH workers are often faced with difficulties in managing and optimizing the use of their time, even though they are physically at home. This research aims to conduct an in-depth evaluation of the impacts that influence digital fatigue experienced by workers in the virtual office era, especially those with Sandwich Generation status. Quantitative methods with the SEM-PLS approach were used with a census sample of 582 respondents. The findings indicate that the digital fatigue experienced by the Sandwich Generation is not influenced by work pressure. This research makes a contribution by placing a focus on sandwich generation workers. This creates novelty because it brings a specific dimension of the sandwich generation into the virtual office context.
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Sudarji, Shanty, Rustono Farady Marta, Hana Panggabean, and Devi Jatmika. "Well-Being support by Sandwich generation in the Films Cinta Pertama, Kedua, dan Ketiga." International Journal of Communication and Society 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31763/ijcs.v5i2.1003.

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Large families are very common in Indonesian culture. Individuals living in extended families with multigenerational childcare responsibilities are known as the Sandwich Generation. The challenges involved in multi-generational parenting impact the lifestyle of the Sandwich Generation as a whole, including personal time, career development, and financial stability. The Sandwich Generation is at risk for various mental health problems, including stress, depression, and anxiety, due to increased pressure and demands. The objective of this research is to see the picture of well-being support in the sandwich generation as reflected in the films Cinta Pertama, Kedua, dan Ketiga. The research method used to review the films Cinta Pertama, Kedua, dan Ketiga is Content Analysis by Philip Mayring with an interpretive paradigm. Abstraction, explication, and arrangement were carried out to analyze this film. There are three things that can be concluded from the content analysis of the films Cinta Pertama, Kedua, dan Ketiga. First, the dynamics of the life of the sandwich generation are described as full of problems. Second, the main character Dewa is described as having well-being support from his family. Third, the well-being support obtained cannot be separated from the standard culture that exists in Indonesia, namely Guyub, where people live in harmony and support each other as a family member.
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41

Anonymous. "Panel Defines Nutrition Needs of "Sandwich Generation"." Journal of Gerontological Nursing 17, no. 10 (October 1991): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0098-9134-19911001-18.

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42

Hamill, Sharon Boland. "Parent-Adolescent Communication in Sandwich Generation Families." Journal of Adolescent Research 9, no. 4 (October 1994): 458–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074355489494005.

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43

Osmont, D., D. Barnoncel, and M. Dupont. "Generation of ao waves in sandwich plates." Matériaux & Techniques 90 (2002): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/200290120042s.

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44

Buck, Harleah G. "Help family caregivers in the “sandwich generation”." Nursing 43, no. 11 (November 2013): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nurse.0000435206.88399.c8.

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45

Liang, Hong, Shu Fang Fu, Sheng Zhou, Chun Yan Su, and Wei Qiu Lin. "Sum-Frequency Generation of Antiferromagnetic Sandwich Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 385-386 (August 2013): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.385-386.51.

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We present the sum-frequency (SF) generation of antiferromagnetic sandwich structure NM/AF/NM in the THz frequency field. In the geometry with the anisotropy axis parallel to the film surface and normal to the plane, using TE wave obliquely incident upon the film, we find that SF outputs is sensitively affected by the incident angle and the incident frequencies.
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46

DOBSON, JUDITH E., and RUSSELL L. DOBSON. "The Sandwich Generation: Dealing with Aging Parents." Journal of Counseling & Development 63, no. 9 (May 1985): 572–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1985.tb00684.x.

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47

Tia Wulandari, Ni Made, and A. A. N. Oka Suryadinatha Gorda. "Performance Determinants Of Sandwich Generation Employees At Work." Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies 4, no. 4 (April 25, 2024): 1787–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.59188/eduvest.v4i4.1171.

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This study investigates the performance determinants of sandwich generation employees, who face the dual responsibilities of caring for children and elderly parents while working. Role conflict, workload, and toxic productivity are explored as factors influencing performance. The research utilizes quantitative methods, employing regression analysis to examine the relationships between these variables and employee performance. Data collection is conducted through questionnaires distributed via Google Forms. The study focuses on the Badung Regency in Bali, a region with a significant economic presence. The population consists of sandwich generation individuals aged 30-60, residing and working in Badung Regency. The results indicate that role conflict, workload, and toxic productivity negatively impact employee performance. Additionally, job satisfaction is found to moderate the effects of role conflict, workload, and toxic productivity on performance, suggesting that higher job satisfaction can mitigate these negative influences. The findings provide insights into the challenges faced by sandwich generation employees and highlight the importance of addressing these factors to enhance performance in the workplace.
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Silverstein, Merril, Aviad Tur-Sinai, and Noah Lewin-Epstein. "Intergenerational Support of Older Adults by the ‘Mature’ Sandwich Generation: The Relevance of National Policy Regimes." Theoretical Inquiries in Law 21, no. 1 (February 26, 2020): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/til-2020-0004.

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AbstractIn this article we examine the association between national welfare regime and the propensity of middle–aged and older individuals with adult children of their own to provide social support to aged parents. Using data from mature adults (50+) in 26 European countries, we examine whether older and younger generations compete for the time resources of the middle “sandwiched” generation, and whether national policy context shapes this competition. Contrary to expectations, we found that sandwich generation members were less likely to provide support to their parents in Conservative–Mediterranean and East European regimes, but more likely to do so in universalistic Social–Democratic regimes. This evidence supports the hypothesis that well–developed welfare states “crowd–in” family support to older individuals. Middle generation members who provided social support to their adult children tended to provide to their older parents as well. This was particularly true in the two regimes where resources and public benefits tend to be more generous and may be interpreted as state benefits that reduce intergenerational competition. Findings are discussed in terms of the capacity of state policies to shape the allocation of family resources to older adults where extended family lineages have become the norm.
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Fu, Wenxiao, Wenlong Zhao, and Fei Deng. "Intergenerational Support and Second-Child Fertility Intention in the Chinese Sandwich Generation: The Parallel Mediation Model of Double Burnout." Behavioral Sciences 13, no. 3 (March 14, 2023): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13030256.

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In 2013, the Chinese government implemented a two-child policy to increase the country’s fertility rate. However, the persistently low rates necessitated other measures to boost fertility. This study empirically investigated the association between intergenerational support and second-child fertility intention in the Chinese sandwich generation and demonstrated the mediating role of parental burnout and burnout in caring for grandparents. Survey data collected at Time 1, Time 2, and Time 3 included 2939 participants from different regions of China. Before analyzing the data, coarsened exact matching and propensity score matching was conducted to reduce sampling bias. Regression analysis results indicated that intergenerational support has a significant total positive effect on second-child fertility intention. Furthermore, mediation path analysis revealed that parental burnout and burnout in caring for grandparents play significant but opposite directional mediating roles in the association between intergenerational support and second-child fertility intention. Sensitivity analysis using different calipers yielded similar results. These results indicated that second-child fertility intention can be increased among the Chinese sandwich generation with intergenerational support, by mitigating parental burnout. However, intergenerational support did not alleviate burnout in caring for grandparents in the sandwich generation; therefore, formal older adult care policies are required to help the sandwich generation experience lower burnout, while receiving intergenerational support.
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Liu, Jingwen, and Feinian Chen. "Intergenerational Caregiving Patterns, BMI, and Gender Gaps Among the Sandwich Generation in China." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 510–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1648.

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Abstract Existing literatures yield established evidence about the heightened stress brought by multiple roles and potential role overload across work-family context, but little is known about the BMI levels of the “sandwich” caregivers within families and the associated gender inequalities. Indeed, the Chinese pivotal generations are exposed to unshared stress and higher health risks considering that intergenerational support still predominates the caregiving patterns for the oldest old and dependent children under current socioeconomic backgrounds. Using 2011 and 2013 waves of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, N = 12186), we examine associations of BMI and intergenerational caregiving patterns among the “sandwich generation” aged 45 to 69. We find that the sandwich generation with at least one parent alive and one grandchild under 16 have higher BMI (24.2, within obesity range) than their counterparts (23.7, within normal range). A higher proportion of females act as caregivers and especially high-intensity caregivers than males, and they also score one-unit higher in BMI than males (23.4). Fixed effect regression results indicate that simultaneous caregiving to both parents and young grandchildren significantly advances individuals’ BMI levels, while no evidence shows similar negative effect of providing care to one generation. Moreover, high-intensity caregiving (1000 hours and above during the past year) is associated with elevated BMI for females but not for males. The gendered caregiving patterns and health implications inform the physical and psychological vulnerability of the pivotal generation and the necessities of gender-specific intervention in middle and later life.
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