To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Sandy soils – Composition.
Journal articles on the topic 'Sandy soils – Composition'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Sandy soils – Composition.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Chmiel, Stanisław, Stanisław Hałas, Sławomir Głowacki, Joanna Sposób, Ewa Maciejewska, and Andrzej Trembaczowski. "Concentration of soil CO2 as an indicator of the decalcification rate after liming treatment." International Agrophysics 30, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/intag-2015-0085.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper presents the results of investigation of decalcification of acid sandy and loamy sand soils by infiltration waters, and potential Ca-leaching after liming treatment. For this purpose, monthly measurements were made of the concentration of CO2 in the soil air, dissolved inorganic carbon in the soil waters, and their ionic composition. The determined dissolved inorganic carbon ranged from 5.9 to 10.6 mg dm−3 and from 9.9 to 16.5 mg dm−3 for the sandy and loamy sand soil, respectively. The Ca concentration in soil waters was determined as 5.9-12.4 mg dm−3 in sandy soil and 14.2-19.8 mg dm−3 in soil loamy sand. The calculated rate of decalcification amounted to 23.0 kg ha−1 year−1 in soil sandy and 19.4 kg ha−1 year−1 in loamy sand soil. The potential Ca-leaching is predicted as 124 kg ha−1 year−1 for S and 87 kg ha−1 year−1 for loamy sand soil. At the treatment level of 3 000 kg ha−1 4 year−1 of CaO, ~20% of the Ca-fertilizer can be leached after the liming treatment. The results of the CO2 concentration in the soil air may be useful in estimation of Ca-leaching from soils developed by slightly clayey sands and clayey sands in zones with a moderate climate.
2
Kozlova, Irina V., Alexey E. Bespalov, and Olga V. Zemskova. "Modified Composition for Fixing Sandy Soils." Materials Science Forum 992 (May 2020): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.992.143.
Full textAbstract:
The possibility of using a modified composition based on slag Portland cement with the addition of stabilized finely dispersed slag in geotechnical construction and in landscape design is considered. The physical, mechanical and structural characteristics of samples hardening in normal conditions and under the influence of aggressive media were studied. It is established that the compressive and flexural strength of the modified samples is higher than that of the control sample. When hardening in normal conditions, on the first day, the flexural strength of modified specimens increased by 59%, at the grade age by 51%, compressive strength - 2.3 times and by 83%, respectively. When hardening in aggressive media, an increase in the strength of the modified specimens is also observed (flexural by 35–58%, compressive by 7–15%). This is explained by the fact that stabilized slag particles in a hardening system perform two functions: they are centers of directional crystallization for nucleation and growth of newgrowths, and full participants in the hydration process, binding calcium hydroxide to crystallohydrate compounds, thereby preventing the formation of ettringite when the concrete structure is exposed to aggressive media.
3
Korolev, Vladimir A., and Elena A. Fedyaeva. "EFFECT OF PHASE COMPOSITION ON THE PARAMETERS OF NON-ISOTHERMAL MOISTURE TRANSFER IN UNSATURATED SANDY SOILS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 20, no. 1 (March 10, 2014): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2013.843584.
Full textAbstract:
This paper considers the influence of phase composition on the parameters of non-isothermal moisture transfer in unsaturated sandy soils. The technique of study options non-isothermal moisture transfer to disperse soil of disturbed structure. The exploratory procedure of the parameters in disperse soils having disturbed structure in the wide range of their phase composition using triangular diagrams is expounded. Shown that the parameters non-isothermal moisture transfer depend on moisture content and soil composition density. Established that for the sandy soil there is the “optimal” range of moisture content and density at which the non-isothermal moisture transfer is most efficient. The dynamics of the field moisture content of sand in time is identified.
4
Urazbaev, I. U., and N. K. Masharipov. "Fundamental Scale of Evaluation of Productivity of Irrigated Gray-Meadow Soils which are Appointed for Growing Melon Crops." Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences 36, no. 1 (May 17, 2021): 257–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21038.
Full textAbstract:
In the following article, the basic scale for assessing the fertility of irrigated gray-meadow soils planted with melons is based on the mechanical composition of the soil. The mechanical composition of the soil correlation coefficient between the yields of melons and gourds was 0.88 for watermelon, 0.89 for melon and 0.88 for pumpkin. Accordingly, light sandy soils for ground watermelon and squash were rated as productive with a score of 100 points, heavy sandy soils with a score of 85 points for watermelon and 75 points for pumpkin. For the melon crop, medium sandy soil was rated at 100 points, heavy sandy soil at 90 points, and light sandy soil at 75 points.
5
OLIVEIRA, FERNANDA M. P., JOSÉ DOMINGOS RIBEIRO-NETO, ALAN N. ANDERSEN, and INARA R. LEAL. "Chronic anthropogenic disturbance as a secondary driver of ant community structure: interactions with soil type in Brazilian Caatinga." Environmental Conservation 44, no. 2 (August 19, 2016): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892916000291.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYHabitat loss is widely recognized as the major cause of global biodiversity decline, but remaining habitat is increasingly threatened by chronic human disturbances. Using a multi-model averaging approach we examined the association between five chronic disturbance surrogates and the richness and taxonomic and functional composition of ants in Brazilian Caatinga. Using pitfall traps in 47 plots near Parnamirim city (Pernambuco) across two soil types (sand and clay), we recorded 53 species from 27 genera. Ant species richness on sand was slightly higher than on clay, and was negatively related to most surrogates of anthropogenic disturbance. Soil type and human population size were the main predictors of ant species richness. Soil type was the most important predictor of functional group abundance. Taxonomic and functional composition were influenced by soil type and disturbance, but this relationship varied between clay and sandy soils. Ant functional composition showed a weak relationship with disturbance on sandy soils, but on clay soils it showed predictable winner–loser replacement. We attribute the greater effect of disturbance on clay soils to higher intensity of land use, and our study highlights the importance of considering context dependence when evaluating biodiversity responses to disturbance.
6
Gaiser, Thomas, Frieder Graef, and José Carvalho Cordeiro. "Water retention characteristics of soils with contrasting clay mineral composition in semi-arid tropical regions." Soil Research 38, no. 3 (2000): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr99001.
Full textAbstract:
In semi-arid tropical regions, the availability of reliable data for water retention in relation to soil type, texture, and organic matter content is low. It would be therefore desirable to develop pedotransfer functions (PTF) in order to estimate water retention characteristics from easily available soil parameters. In the present study, a soil database containing water retention characteristics, particle size distribution, and total organic carbon content of 663 horizons from semi-arid regions in NE Brazil and SE Niger was used to investigate the effect of contrasting clay mineral composition on water retention and PTF characteristics for soils from semi-arid tropical regions. For soil water content at field capacity (–33 kPa) and wilting point (–1500 kPa), PTFs were established and validated with disturbed samples from LAC soils (soils containing predominantly low activity clay; CEC < 24 cmol/kg clay) and non-LAC soils. The PTFs for the LAC soil group differed considerably from the PTFs for non-LAC soils with respect to the contribution of total organic carbon and silt content to the prediction of soil water content at field capacity and wilting point. For the particle size classes sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, and sandy clay loam, the mean measured soil water contents in LAC soils were significantly smaller than in non-LAC soils at a matric potential of –33 kPa. The results demonstrate the influence of clay mineral composition on soil water retention and its importance for the development of pedotransfer functions.
7
Xu, Bin Bin, Kentaro Nakai, and Toshihiro Noda. "Propagation Characteristics of Seismic Waves Taking Stratigraphic Composition into Consideration." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 484–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.484.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, soil-water coupled dynamic analyses are carried out to investigate the influence of stratigraphic composition on the propagation properties of the seismic waves. SYS Cam-clay model is used as the constitutive model which can describe the different state of clayey and sandy soils. Two cases are considered for the composition of ground: one is the sandy ground with diluvial sand, alluvial sand and reclaimed sand; the other one is the clayey layer at the ground surface. It is found that for the sandy ground even though there is certain amplification of the input acceleration wave during the dense sand layer the subsequent seismic waves through the loose sand layers are attenuated significantly due to the occurrence of the liquefaction. While for the clayey ground, even though there is no risk of liquefaction damages at the ground surface the acceleration amplitude is greatly amplified and there is a risk that the structure itself would fail in the strength.
8
Yost, Jenifer L., Eric E. Roden, and Alfred E. Hartemink. "Geochemical Fingerprint and Soil Carbon of Sandy Alfisols." Soil Systems 3, no. 3 (August 29, 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3030059.
Full textAbstract:
Soil carbon storage is affected by particle-size fractions and Fe oxides. We assessed soil carbon concentrations in different particle-size fractions, determined the soil chemical composition of the soil, and weathering and mineralogy of sandy soils of the Wisconsin Central Sands, USA. Three land uses were studied (agriculture, forest, and prairie). The soils contained a minimum of 830 g sand kg−1 up to 190 cm soil depth. Approximately 46% of the sand was in the 250–500 μm fraction, and 5% was <125 μm. Soil carbon ranged from 5 to 13 g kg−1 in the topsoil, and decreased with depth. The <45 μm fraction tended to have high concentrations of carbon, ranging from 19 to 43 g kg−1 in the topsoil. Silicon content was over 191 g Si kg−1, and was lowest in the Bt horizons (191–224 g Si kg−1). Up to 29 g Fe kg−1 and 39 g Al kg−1 were present in the soil, and were highest in the Bt horizons. These soils were mostly quartz, and diopside was found throughout the soil profiles. Weathering indices, such as the Ruxton Ratio, showed that the C horizons were the least weathered and the Bt horizons were more weathered. We conclude that most of the carbon in these soils is held in the <45 μm fraction, and soil carbon and total Fe were lowest in the coarser size fractions.
9
Yousfi, Salima, José Marín, Lorena Parra, Jaime Lloret, and Pedro V. Mauri. "A Rhizogenic Biostimulant Effect on Soil Fertility and Roots Growth of Turfgrass." Agronomy 11, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030573.
Full textAbstract:
The excessive use of chemical fertilizers can lead to severe environmental damages. In recent decades, the application of biostimulants to improve soil composition and stimulate plant growth has contributed significantly to environmental preservation. In this paper, we studied the effect of a rhizogenic biostimulant, obtained from fulvic acids, probiotics, and prebiotics, on the fertility of two types of soils, sandy and sandy loam soils, in which turfgrass was growing. Soil samples from plots treated with biostimulant and controls (untreated plots) were collected. The analyzed parameters from the soil include organic matter, microbial activity, soil chemical composition, catalase, dehydrogenase, and phosphatase enzyme activities. Moreover, root lengths was examined and compared in turfgrass species. The biostimulant application improved microbial activity, organic matter, and enzymatic activity in both types of soils. The soil calcium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus content increased with the biostimulant application, whereas pH and electrical conductivity decreased. The most relevant improvement was a 77% increase of calcium for sandy loam soil and 38% increase in potassium for sandy soil. Biostimulant application led to a significant increase in turf root length. This increase was greater for sandy soil than in sandy loam soil with an increment of 43% and 34% respectively, compared to control.
10
Zakharov, A. V., and S. E. Makhover. "THE EFFECT GRAIN-SIZE COMPOSITION ON THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF SANDY SOILS." Construction and Geotechnics 11, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2020.2.02.
Full textAbstract:
Today the issue of energy saving is acute. The main sources of energy are radiant energy of the Sun, wind energy, energy of moving water. Therefore, the issue of solving alternative energy sources is relevant. The article aims to solve the problem by using low-potential heat of the soil mass by means of energy-efficient building constructions - foundations. It is necessary to know the thermal characteristics of soils for this. At the moment, methods for determining the thermophysical properties of inert materials with subsequent practical application in the field of construction have been widely studied, but no one of these methods takes into account the grain-size composition. Thus, the study of the connection between the thermal conductivity and the grain-size composition of the soil is important. The aim of the work is to Estimation of thermal conductivity of sandy soils based on grain-size composition. This article presents an analysis of the dependence of the thermal conductivity of the sandy soil of its grain-size composition. The matrix of experiment planning is made; the methodology and technological sequence of the experiment were tested. Statistical processing of the obtained experimental data was carried out. Based on a series of test experiments, it was concluded that there are two factors competing in its thermal conductivity: an increase in λ due to an increase in the degree of pore filling and a decrease in total heat conductivity due to a decrease in the degree of pore filling. These results suggest that grain-size composition has an impact on the thermal conductivity of the sandy soil. During the experiment, the dependence of the thermal conductivity of sandy soils on their grain-size composition was experimentally established.
11
Haskevych, Volodymyr. "Change of granulometric composition of drained soils of Male Polissia in the context of development of degradation processes." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 52 (June 27, 2018): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2018.52.10167.
Full textAbstract:
Sod-podzolic (Albenuvisoils Gleyic), meadow (Gleyic Chernic Phaeozems) and sod (Arenosols) soils are typical for Male Polissia. In the natural state, these soils are waterlogged, characterized by unsatisfactory physical properties, unsuitable for agricultural use. After the drainage reclamation, the soils are intensively used as arable land, pastures, and hayfields. The drainage has led to a significant decrease in groundwater levels, increased the washing water regime, intensified the processes of lessivage, which affected the physical properties of soils, in particular, granulometric composition. In the reclaimed areas, aridification and deflationary processes intensified. In deflated sod-podzolic soils, the relief of granulometric composition has been reducing due to decrease in the content of sludge and fine dust in the arable horizons. Granulometric composition of soils undergoes more significant transformations as a result of the intensification of flushing water regime after drainage. The content of physical clay in the arable horizon of sod-podzolic fixed- sandy soils decreased by 1.63 %, and of the sandy loam soils – by 5.30–6.20 %. In the humus-accumulating arable horizon of meadow soils, the physical clay content decreased by 2.40–1.60 %, that of sod soils – by 1.27–6.39 %. Washing off with drainage waters of small granulometric fractions results in an increase in the content of sand fractions and facilitates the granulometric composition of soils, changes in soil gradation at the level of variety. Decrease in the content of physical clay causes deterioration of physical, physical-and-chemical, agronomic properties of soils, and therefore causes the development of degradation processes: non-structural, deflation, dehumification, degradation of water and air and nutrient regimes, aridification. This gave rise to the idea of referring to the granulometric composition facilitation of drained soils as “granulometric degradation” and classifying it as physical degradation of soils. Key words: Male Polissia, drainage reclamation, soils, granulometric composition, physical clay, granulometric degradation.
12
Antropova, L. B., Yu V. Shchipkova, M. I. Gildebrandt, V. A. Grinevich, and R. N. Ivanov. "STUDYING THE GRANULOMETRIC COMPOSITION OF SANDY SOIL TO EVALUATE ITS INFLUENCE ON DEFORMATION PROPERTIES." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 6 (January 20, 2019): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2018-6-87-92.
Full textAbstract:
The new field development, as a rule, is faced with the problem of providing construction facilities with material and mineral resources. Medium-sized sandy soil is a one such resources. It is necessary for the footing of buildings and structures of the constructed technological infrastructure. The problem solution is seen in the rational usage of available natural resources, including soils. We have studied granulometric composition of medium-sized sandy soil to evaluate its influence on its deformation properties. Based on the results, we offer the technology of regulation of deformation properties of sandy soil.
13
Roslikova, V. I., and L. A. Matyushkina. "Differentiation of the soil cover of the floodplain of the Middle-Amur Lowland in connection with the evolution of the relief forms." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 106 (March 27, 2021): 105–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2021-106-105-129.
Full textAbstract:
The article is based on a long-term study of floodplain soils of the Amur River valley within the north-eastern part of the Middle-Amur Lowland. The results of field work on the soil-geomorphological profile across the Slavyansky Island, located 200 km from Khabarovsk down the Amur River, are discussed. The study analyzes the occurrence of the island's floodplain soils on riolkas[1] and their properties, with an emphasis on morphology and lithological and particle-size composition. The features of soil formation on riolkas of different genesis – alluvial and aeolian – are shown. On sandy and sandy-loam deposits of alluvial riolkas (“meadow-forest” ridges) poorly developed sod gley soils are formed. On heavy loam and clay alluvium of the “meadow“ ridges, annually flooded by river waters, sod-meadow gley soils develop under the woodreed grass stand. Sand deposits of high aeolian riolkas are characterized by a homogeneous fine-grained structure without interlayers, signs of organic matter and with a significant amount of mica. They describe poorly developed sod-forest soils under high-trunk oak forests. The formation of texture-differentiated soils on all types of riolkas was not revealed. When the floodplain reaches the position of the first terrace above the floodplain, the differences in the lithological composition and particle-size distribution, soil texture, height above the water edge and the nature of vegetation on the inherited riolkas provide a multidirectional evolution of soil formation. At the same time, the development is taking place in accordance with the zonal types of soils (sod-forest, brown-earth, texture-differentiated – soil with a bleached horizon (podbel)). The last are mainly formed on clay-loam alluvium, which can overlay not only alluvial, but also some aeolian riolkas. [1]Riolkas are ancient, relatively high sand ridges (extended dunes) with plant cover found in Amur region (Russian Far East).
14
Wallis, MG, DJ Horne, and AS Palmer. "Water repellency in a New Zealand development sequence of yellow brown sands." Soil Research 31, no. 5 (1993): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9930641.
Full textAbstract:
A series of sands on the west coast of the lower North Island, New Zealand, were studied to investigate the effects of time, topography and vegetation cover upon the development of soil water repellency. Severe repellency was measured with the molarity of ethanol droplet (MED) index in the Waitarere and Motuiti dune phase sands, of age <130 years and c. 500 years respectively. In each dune phase, the dune sands were more repellent than the lower lying soils of the sand plains. Low or zero MED values were measured in the 1600-6000 year old Foxton dune phase sands and 10 000-25 000 year old Koputaroa dune phase sandy loams under either pasture or native bush. There was no consistent relationship between bush or pasture cover and repellency severity in the Foxton and Koputaroa soils, however, the species composition of the pasture and bush differed. The Waitarere sand was the most repellent soil, despite a low organic carbon content. The carbon content profiles of most of the soils did not appear to be related to the respective MED profiles of repellency severity. The MED values of the surface layer from five dune sands were generally related inversely to the fulvic acid (FA) content and proportionally to the humic acid to fulvic acid ratio (HA/FA), which were measured in a previous study. The pH of the five soils ranged from 5.61 to 6.89, with no apparent relationship between pH and MED. A study of soil water content indicated that repellency reduced rainfall infiltration into the Waitarere and Motuiti sands and the Himatangi sand, found on elevated sand plains. The most severely repellent sands had the greater variability in soil water content after rainfall.
15
OPEYEMI AKINTOLA, OLUWATOYIN, ADEWUNMI IDAYAT BODEDE, MICHAEL MICHAEL, AYODEJI GIDEON ADEBAYO, and OLAWALE NUREAN SULAIMAN. "Assessment of Soil Properties Under Different Land Use Types in Olokemeji Forest Reserves in Ogun State Southwestern Nigeria." Journal of Bioresource Management 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35691/jbm.0202.0141.
Full textAbstract:
Knowledge of soil properties is essential for environmental sustainability for any forest reserve or plantation. The physical and chemical properties of soil under three different land uses was investigated to assess the nutrient and fertility status of the soils. Fifteen soil samples, each collected from different locations within the natural forest, plantation and farm land were analyzed for soil texture, bulk density, porosity, pH, organic carbon, organic matter content, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn. Texturally, the soils were loamy, loamy sand and sandy loamy in the natural forest, plantation and farmland respectively. There was a significant difference between the three different soils in composition and texture.
16
Kolesnikov, S. I., N. I. Tsepina, Т. V. Minnikova, L. V. Sudina, and К. Sh Kazeev. "Biodiagnostics of stability of soils of southern Russia to silver pollution." South of Russia: ecology, development 16, no. 1 (April 13, 2021): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2021-1-61-75.
Full textAbstract:
Aim. To assess the resistance of soils in the south of Russia to silver pollution using biological indicators.Methods. The contamination of soils in southern Russia (ordinary chernozem, grey sandy and brown forest soils) was simulated with silver under laboratory conditions. Soils were contaminated with water‐soluble silver nitrate in order to reveal the maximum ecotoxicity of silver. Soil stability was assessed according to the most sensitive and informative biological parameters in dynamics of 10, 30 and 90 days after pollution. Results. Silver contamination inhibits the activity of oxidoreductases (catalase and dehydrogenases), reduces the total number of bacteria and the growth and development of radish. For all soils, a direct relationship was noted between silver concentration and the degree of deterioration of soil properties. The toxic effect of silver was most pronounced on the 30th day after contamination. According to their resistance to silver pollution, the soils investigated form the following sequence: ordinary chernozem> grey sandy soil ≥ brown forest soil. Conclusion. The light granulometric composition of grey sandy soils and the acidic reaction of the environment of brown forest soils, as well as the low organic matter content, contribute to the high mobility and high ecotoxicity of silver in these soils. Regional maximum permissible concentrations (MPCs) of silver content in ordinary chernozems, grey sandy and brown forest soils have been determined as ‐ 4.4, 0.9 and 0.8 mg/kg, respectively.
17
Gajic, Grozdana. "Parameters of the occurrence of internal erosion processes in salty-sandy soils." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 92 (2005): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf0592015g.
Full textAbstract:
The study was aimed at defining the conditions of the occurrence of internal erosion in silty-sandy soils. The susceptibility of this soil to internal erosion depends on the porosity, particle-size composition and hydro-geo-mechanical parameters. Internal erosion stability was analyzed by the introduction of the coefficient of particle composition as the critical particle-size condition, which is in fact the coefficient of internal erosion (Kue). Based on the study results, mathematical models and the functional correlation between water regime and resistant characteristics of silty-sandy soils, we defined the parameters of the occurrence of initial internal erosion and analyzed the effects of the practical application of the study results.
18
Hewson, Robert D., Thomas J. Cudahy, Malcolm Jones, and Matilda Thomas. "Investigations into Soil Composition and Texture Using Infrared Spectroscopy (2–14 μm)." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/535646.
Full textAbstract:
The ability of thermal and shortwave infrared spectroscopy to characterise composition and texture was evaluated using both particle size separated soil samples and natural soils. Particle size analysis and separation into clay, silt, and sand-sized soil fractions was undertaken to examine possible relationships between quartz and clay mineral spectral signatures and soil texture. Spectral indices, based on thermal infrared specular and volume scattering features, were found to discriminate clay mineral-rich soil from mostly coarser quartz-rich sandy soil and to a lesser extent from the silty quartz-rich soil. Further investigations were undertaken using spectra and information on 51 USDA and other soils within the ASTER spectral library to test the application of shortwave, mid- and thermal infrared spectral indices for the derivation of clay mineral, quartz, and organic carbon content. A nonlinear correlation between quartz content and a TIR spectral index based on the 8.62 μm was observed. Preliminary efforts at deriving a spectral index for the soil organic carbon content, based on 3.4–3.5 μm fundamental H–C stretching vibration bands, were also undertaken with limited results.
19
Novotná, Jaroslava, and Barbora Badalíková. "The Influence of Grass Species Composition on Fishpond Dikes on Soil Infiltration." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, no. 5 (2016): 1619–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664051619.
Full textAbstract:
Infiltration of water into the soil was monitored from 2012 to 2015 in two fishpond dikes of three different variants of grass species composition: variant 1 – grass mix for extensively dry conditions, variant 2 – heavy duty grass mix, variant 3 – grass mix for intensively moist areas. The monitored grass vegetation was mowed twice a year. The Rohatec pond is situated in Jindřichův Hradec district, in terms of texture its dike is made of sandy soil. The Horní Šatlava pond in Hodonín district and its dike consists of sandy to sandy‑loam soils. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity was measured with a Mini Disk Infiltrometer. On Rohatec dike the heavy duty mix proved the most suitable option for soil infiltration, while the best variant on Horní Šatlava dike was the mix for extensive drought. The lowest average unsaturated hydraulic conductivity was found in the extensive moisture variant which was statistically confirmed in the Horní Šatlava location.
20
Chizhikova, N. P., and M. P. Lebedeva. "TRANSFORMATION OF CLAY MINERALS IN SOILS OF SANDY DESERTS UNDER DIFFERENT SAXAUL SPECIES." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 76 (November 1, 2014): 74–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2014-76-74-91.
Full textAbstract:
As a result of experimental studies carried out for the first time with the aim at determining the impact of black (Haloxylon aphyllum) and white Saxaul (Haloxylon persicum) on the mineralogical composition of fine-dispersed fractions in sandy desert soils, it seemed reasonable to conclude that the transformation of minerals is quite different in soils used under different Saxaul species. This is explained by differences in biogeochemical turnover of elements in soils under black Saxaul and as a consequence by a higher Na content in the litter and the soda for-mation in the soil profile. The latter serves as a cause of alkalinization of soil solutions and transformation of minerals affected by alkaline hydrolysis.
21
Długosz, Jacek, Barbara Kalisz, and Andrzej Łachacz. "Mineral matter composition of drained floodplain soils in north-eastern Poland." Soil Science Annual 69, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ssa-2018-0019.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Soils in two river valleys (Rozoga and Omulew) in north-eastern Poland were investigated. The valleys are located on a sandy outwash plain formed during the Vistulian (Weichelian) Glaciation. The soils are drained, used as meadows and classified as Fluvic Umbric Gleysol, Fluvic Mollic Gleysol, and Eutric Fluvic Histic Gleysol (IUSS Working Group WRB 2015). The aim of the study was to identify the composition of mineral matter and to determine the types of clay minerals and intermediate stages of clay minerals by means of the X-ray diffraction (XRD). The studied floodplain soils are rich in organic matter and contain considerable mineral alluvial admixtures. The content of clay fraction (< 2.0 μm) is low (0.02–5.61% of total mineral matter). Higher content of clay fraction was noted in soils with elevated content of organic matter, which can be evidence of simultaneous accumulation of both components. In deeper depressions occurring in river valleys (oxbow lakes), a specific deposit termed silty telmatic mud (16–24% TOC, 50–75% silt, 3.1–5.6% clay fraction content) was accumulated. On the other hand, in shallow depressions, a muddy deposit was accumulated (5.7–7.7% TOC, sandy texture). The main identified clay minerals were smectite, vermiculite, illite and kaolinite as well as variety of mixed-layer clays. Alluvial clay admixture in studied soil formations showed mineralogical similarity to typical floodplain mineral soils (Fluvisols). Mineral fraction of studied soils is mostly of allochthonous origin.
22
She, Ruihuan, Yongxiang Yu, Chaorong Ge, and Huaiying Yao. "Soil Texture Alters the Impact of Salinity on Carbon Mineralization." Agronomy 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010128.
Full textAbstract:
Soil salinization typically inhibits the ability of decomposer organisms to utilize soil organic matter, and an increase in soil clay content can mediate the negative effect of salinity on carbon (C) mineralization. However, the interactive effects of soil salt concentrations and properties on C mineralization remain uncertain. In this study, a laboratory experiment was performed to investigate the interactive effects of soil salt content (0.1%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 1.0%) and texture (sandy loam, sandy clay loam and silty clay soil with 6.0%, 23.9% and 40.6% clay content, respectively) on C mineralization and microbial community composition after cotton straw addition. With increasing soil salinity, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the three soils decreased, but the effect of soil salinity on the decomposition of soil organic carbon varied with soil texture. Cumulative CO2 emissions in the coarse-textured (sandy loam and sandy clay loam) soils were more affected by salinity than those in the fine-textured (silty clay) soil. This difference was probably due to the differing responses of labile and resistant organic compounds to salinity across different soil texture. Increased salinity decreased the decomposition of the stable C pool in the coarse-textured soil, by reducing the proportion of fungi to bacteria, whereas it decreased the mineralization of the active C pool in the fine-textured soil through decreasing the Gram-positive bacterial population. Overall, our results suggest that soil texture controlled the negative effect of salinity on C mineralization through regulating the soil microbial community composition.
23
She, Ruihuan, Yongxiang Yu, Chaorong Ge, and Huaiying Yao. "Soil Texture Alters the Impact of Salinity on Carbon Mineralization." Agronomy 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010128.
Full textAbstract:
Soil salinization typically inhibits the ability of decomposer organisms to utilize soil organic matter, and an increase in soil clay content can mediate the negative effect of salinity on carbon (C) mineralization. However, the interactive effects of soil salt concentrations and properties on C mineralization remain uncertain. In this study, a laboratory experiment was performed to investigate the interactive effects of soil salt content (0.1%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 1.0%) and texture (sandy loam, sandy clay loam and silty clay soil with 6.0%, 23.9% and 40.6% clay content, respectively) on C mineralization and microbial community composition after cotton straw addition. With increasing soil salinity, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the three soils decreased, but the effect of soil salinity on the decomposition of soil organic carbon varied with soil texture. Cumulative CO2 emissions in the coarse-textured (sandy loam and sandy clay loam) soils were more affected by salinity than those in the fine-textured (silty clay) soil. This difference was probably due to the differing responses of labile and resistant organic compounds to salinity across different soil texture. Increased salinity decreased the decomposition of the stable C pool in the coarse-textured soil, by reducing the proportion of fungi to bacteria, whereas it decreased the mineralization of the active C pool in the fine-textured soil through decreasing the Gram-positive bacterial population. Overall, our results suggest that soil texture controlled the negative effect of salinity on C mineralization through regulating the soil microbial community composition.
24
Frene, Juan Pablo, Mattie Frazier, Shuang Liu, Bernadette Clark, Michael Parker, and Terrence Gardner. "Early Effect of Pine Biochar on Peach-Tree Planting on Microbial Community Composition and Enzymatic Activity." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 6, 2021): 1473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041473.
Full textAbstract:
Biochar offers several benefits as a soil amendment, including increased soil fertility, carbon sequestration, and water-holding capacity in nutrient-poor soils. In this study, soil samples with and without biochar additives were collected for two consecutive years from an experimental field plot to examine its effect on the microbial community structure and functions in sandy soils under peach-trees (Prunus persica). The four treatments evaluated consisted of two different rates of biochar incorporated into the soil (5%, and 10%, v/v), one “dynamic” surface application of biochar, and a 0% biochar control. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis was used to assess the microbial community structure, and enzyme activities involved in C, N, P, and S nutrient cycling were used as a means of assessing soil functionality. Total FAME and bacterial indicators increased by 18% and 12%, respectively, in the 10% incorporated and 5% surface applied treatments. Biochar applications increased β-glucosaminidase and arylsulfatase activities, 5–30% and 12–46%, respectively. β-glucosidase and acid phosphatase activities decreased by approximately 18–35% and 5–22% in the 0–15 cm soils. The overall results suggest that biochar’s addition to the sandy soils stimulated microbial activity, contributing to the increased mean weight diameter (MWD), C sequestration, and consequential soil health. The changes in microbial community structure and functions may be useful predictors of modifications in soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics due to the long-term application of pine biochar in these systems.
25
Galeznik, O. I., and A. N. Galkin. "THE DISTRIBUTION CONDITIONS, THE COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF THE SOILS OF THE KHARKOV SUITE OF PALEOGENE OF THE SOUTHEAST OF BELARUS." Engineering Geology World 14, no. 2 (September 3, 2019): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25296/1993-5056-2019-14-2-60-73.
Full textAbstract:
The deposits of the Kharkov suite of Paleogene of Belarus are the soils formed at the turn of existence and regression of the last sea basin and the final establishment of the continental situation in the territory of the country. They are widely spread in the south of the republic and lie mostly at depths of 100–110 m. In the southeast of Belarus, along the valleys of large rivers, these soils often reach the surface. The latter predetermined their active use as the foundations of structures. This is especially pronounced in the city of Gomel, where a wide development of territories is currently underway, within which these soils lie at depths of less than 10 m. The purpose of the work is to characterize the conditions for the distribution of the soils of the Kharkov suite of Paleogene within the southeast of Belarus and to study the characteristics of their composition and structure. The work is based on the results of the author's field and laboratory studies, which included a description of the outcrops, pits, and well cores; soil sampling; determination of their chemical and mineral, granulometric and microaggregate compositions, moisture characteristics for the classification of clay soils, as well as the results of statistical data processing. The paper presents the typification of the soil strata of the Kharkov suite of Paleogene of the southeast of Belarus, which allowed us to isolate three characteristic sites that differ in terms of their distribution, depth, thickness of the strata and composition of the soils. Nine granulometric sand and clay differences within the isolated areas were identified. The study of chemical-mineral and granulometric compositions of soils made it possible to identify their significant changes, both in area and in the section, which is caused by confinement to various facies zones, frequent migration of the coastline, long and uneven erosion and glacier-exaction destruction. The interrelation of the mineral composition, size and morphology of sandy soil particles is analyzed, it is noted that in all their varieties medium and fine sand fractions differ in the greatest mineral diversity.
26
Venda Oliveira, Paulo J., and Luís D. Freitas. "Effect of the soil type on the biocementation process by enzymatic way." E3S Web of Conferences 195 (2020): 05008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019505008.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of the enzymatic CaCO3 precipitation on the behaviour of four soils (from a poorly graded sand to a fine and organic soil) is studied in this work. The analysis is based on the results of UCS tests, where the results from the non-stabilised specimens are compared with specimens stabilised with a urease concentration of 8 kU/L and an equimolar solution of urea-CaCl2 of 0.5 mol/L. Additionally, pH and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses are performed to analyse the microstructure and the local chemical composition. The results of the UCS tests show that, in the case of the sandy and silty soils, the process of enzymatic CaCO3 precipitation potentiates the strengthening of the soils while, in the organic soil, a detrimental effect is observed. The SEM tests show the existence of vestiges of calcium in the biostabilised soils studied.
27
Devitt, D. A., R. L. Morris, and D. C. Bowman. "Response of Periwinkle to Composted Sewage Sludge Used as a Soil Amendment." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 9, no. 4 (December 1, 1991): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-9.4.176.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract An experiment was conducted in the greenhouse to investigate the effects of composted sewage sludge as a soil amendment on growth and mineral composition of ‘Bright Eyes’ periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Dn.). Three desert soils (loamy sand, sandy loam, clay) were amended with two different composted sewage sludges (city and county) at rates of 0, 7.5, 15, 30 and 60% by volume. Plants were grown in the amended soils for four months. Composted city sludge had a positive effect on size, growth rate and number of flowers per plant in all three soils. Plants grown in soils amended with the county sludge grew poorly and developed an interveinal chlorosis. Tissue analysis suggested chlorosis was due to a calcium-induced manganese deficiency. Whole plant tissue Mn declined to as low as 23 mg/kg when the calcium in the soil extract exceeded 25 meq/liter.
28
Bulokhov, A. D., and A. M. Petrenko. "Communities of the class Koelerio-Corynephoretea Klika in Klika et Novák 1941 in the Bryansk region of Russia." Vegetation of Russia, no. 30 (2017): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2017.30.29.
Full textAbstract:
Only few publications on the classification of vegetation of Koelerio–Corynephoretea canescentis Klika in Klika et Novák1941 class, that unites pioneer communities on sandy soils, dunes or an exposed sands, is known for Bryansk region of Russia (Bulokhov, 2001; Bulokhov, Kharin, 2008). This region is located in the western part of the East European plain, on the watershed of two large river (Dnieper and Volga) systems, occupying the central part of the Desna river pool and the woody watershed between Desna and Oka. The territory (34.9 thousand кm2) is extended from the west to the east on 270 km (between 31°10′ and 35°20′ E) and from the north to the south — on 190 km (between 54°05′ and 52°10′ N). The main item of this paper is to submit the results of the classification carried out upon thebasis of 57 releves made in 2003–2016 in Bryansk region and to characterize the composition, distribution and syntaxonomical position of thepioneer vegetation of sandy and shallow soils communities within it. Three new associations are described according to Braun-Blanquet floristic classification. The syntaxon nomenclature of the higher ranks follows Mucina et al. (2016) The ass. Thymo serpylli–Koelerietum glaucae ass. nov. hoc loco, with synecological optimum on dry poor sandy soils, is diagnosed by character species Artemisia campestris, Koeleria glauca, Thymus serpyllum. Its communities occur on fringes of the lichen pine forests, sandy river terraces and outwash plains. Two subassociations are distinguished within the association: T. s.–K. g. typicum (with var. typica and Corynephorus canescens) and agrostietosum vinealis subass. nov. hoc loco (with var. typica and Calluna vulgaris) with Agrostis vinealis, Dianthus arenarius, Cladonia arbuscula as differential species. The ass. Koelerio glaucae–Plantaginetum arenariae ass. nov. hoc loco, with synecological optimum on dry poor sandy soils or exposed sands, is diagnosed by Plantago arenaria and Koeleria glauca. Its communities occuron the exposed sands, fringes of lichen pine forests and not flooded sandy river crests. The ass. Diantho borbasii–Festucetum polesicae ass. nov. hoc loco with synecological optimum on dry, weekly acidic, poor of mineral nitrogen, sandy soils or the exposed sands, is diagnosed by Festuca polesica, Astragalus arenarius, Jurinea cyanoides, Otites parviflora. Communities occur on the exposed sands, fringes of lichen pine forests. Two variants are distinguished within association: Sempervivum ruthenicum (on dunes with dry, poor, weekly developed soils) and typica. These three associations are the early stages of the progressive succession of oligotrophic lichen pine forests on the river terraces or of the heath meadows in flood river plains.
29
Dumbrovský, Miroslav, Lucie Larišová, Veronika Sobotková, and Martina Kulihová. "Comparison of Different Texture Analysis for Soil Erodibility Calculations of Loamy and Sandy‑Loam Soils in Moravian Regions." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 67, no. 2 (2019): 383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201967020383.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of this article is a comparison of results of soil texture analysis of loamy and sandy‑loam soils for soil erodibilty calculation using the Casagrande areometric method and results obtained by the laser diffraction method. A comparison was made of 27 samples taken from the Větřkovice locality, and 18 samples taken from the Hustopeče locality. On the basis of laboratory analysis of the soil samples, curves of grain composition were plotted, and the soils were divided into grain‑size groups according to the ratio of individual fractions. For comparison of the results, the soils’ regression dependence, with linear, exponential, quadratic and polynomic trends were derived. Applying these different methods for determining soil texture may affect the determination of K factor values and the value of soil loss. The results show that the laser diffraction method provides higher values of % silt and % silty sand at both model sites. Using the K values determining from Casagrande method measuring can led to the underestimation of soil erodibility. This underestimation can be explained by a change in particle size distribution between the described methods used.
30
Chałańska, Aneta, and Gabriel Łabanowski. "The Effect of Edaphic Factors on the Similarity of Parasitic Nematodes in the Soil Sampled in Nurseries of Ornamental Trees and Shrubs." Journal of Horticultural Research 22, no. 1 (September 10, 2014): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johr-2014-0002.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe largest faunistic similarity of nematodes was found in soils sampled in coniferous nurseries where arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis - Cupressaceae), spruces (Picea spp. - Pinaceae) and pines (Pinus spp. - Pi-naceae) were grown. In soil sampled from deciduous tree and shrub nurseries, similar species composition of parasitic nematodes was found in stands of oaks (Quercus spp. - Fagaceae), black locusts (Robiniapseudo-acacia - Fabaceae) and maples (Acer spp. - Sapindaceae). In soils, especially the light and medium, from stands of coniferous and deciduous trees and shrubs, Aphelenchus avenae was often isolated. Bitylenchus dubius occurred in both types of nurseries, particularly in light soils. The largest faunistic similarities between nematodes isolated from places of growth of coniferous and deciduous plants were recorded in soils of loamy sand and sandy loam. The most abundant nematode species and the greatest similarity in species of plant parasitic nematodes were observed in soils with neutral pH or slightly acidic. Aphelenchus avenae was found in soil samples collected from both coniferous and deciduous plants, with no relation to soil acidity.
31
ALARIMA, C. I., M. A. BUSARI, J. M. AWOTUNDE, O. O. OLANIYI, T. MASUNAGA, and T. WAKATSUKI. "PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS UNDER SAWAH SYSTEM OF INLAND VALLEYS IN NIGERIA." Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment 18, no. 1 (November 7, 2019): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v18i1.1914.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the physico-chemical and geochemical properties of soils under sawah in Nigeria. It was found that soils under sawah were majorly sandy loam to sandy clay loam having acidic reactions, low exchangeable Ca, Mg, K and Na. These soils were deficient in available P, SiO2, S, Total Nitrogen and Total Carbon while SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 dominated total elemental composition, accounting for a cumulative average of 96.16%. Except total elemental TiO2 and K2O which showed average values >1%, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O and P2O5 showed average values <1%. Soils under sawah exhibited intermediated to extreme weathering degree with majority of the soil sampled falling into the category of extreme weathering. With extreme degree of weathering, rapid loss of mobile species such as basic cations from soil is imminent which may account for the results observed in this study. Thus, combination of conservative agricultural practices is recommended.
32
Aranyos, Tibor, Lajos Blaskó, Attila Tomócsik, and Marianna Makádi. "The effect of compost application on physical properties of sandy soil." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 51 (February 10, 2013): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/51/2064.
Full textAbstract:
The sewage sludge compost is suitable to improve the colloid-poor sandy soils, which are common characteristics of poor water- and nutrientholding capacity. The general characteristics of sandy soils are the light mechanical composition, the low content of humus and mineral colloids, large pore size and a bad aggregate stability. They have a poor nutrient supply capacity, due to its high porosity the organic matter is degraded very quickly to mineral colloids (Stefanovits et al., 1999).
By the compost application the soil is enriched mineral and organic colloids, thereby improving the soil structure. The effect of addition of compost to soil the water- and nutrient-holding capacity and porosity could be increased and the bulk density could be decreased (Martens and Frankenberger, 1992).
The aim of our experiment is to carry out physical measurements to determine the effects of compost treatment. In this study the results of the first year are presented.
33
Kellman, Martin. "Root proliferation in recent and weathered sandy soils from Veracruz, Mexico." Journal of Tropical Ecology 6, no. 3 (August 1990): 355–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400004648.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTField observations and laboratory experiments on unweathered and weathered dune sand beneath a tropical deciduous forest in Veracruz, Mexico were used to test the hypothesis that temporary nutrient adsorption by more weathered soil facilitates more effective nutrient recycling through the stimulation of a superficial fine root system. An analysis of soil solution composition in the field indicated that K, P andwere being more effectively retained in weathered sand topsoil than in recent sand but, in a leaching experiment, onlywas more effectively adsorbed by this soil. Fine roots in weathered sand were more concentrated superficially than in recent sand, and a bioassay with seedlings ofCedrela odoratashowed more fine root proliferation in this medium than in recent sand. In combination, these data suggest that weathering of sand in this area promotes an increased nitrate adsorption capacity which may stimulate greater root proliferation in topsoils and lead to the entrainment of other nutrients in a more concentrated topsoil-vegetation cycle. If these results can be applied to the larger domain of tropical soils generally, they suggest that nitrate adsorption may play an important role in stimulating effective nutrient recycling by forests occupying weathered soils.
34
Hoogsteen, Martine J. J., Evert-Jan Bakker, Nick van Eekeren, Pablo A. Tittonell, Jeroen C. J. Groot, Martin K. van Ittersum, and Egbert A. Lantinga. "Do Grazing Systems and Species Composition Affect Root Biomass and Soil Organic Matter Dynamics in Temperate Grassland Swards?" Sustainability 12, no. 3 (February 10, 2020): 1260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031260.
Full textAbstract:
Elevating soil organic matter (SOM) levels through changes in grassland management may contribute to lower greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere and mitigate climate change. SOM dynamics of grassland soils may be affected by grazing systems and plant species composition. We analyzed the effects of simulated grazing systems (continuous (CG), rotational (RG), and lenient strip grazing (LG)) and species composition (monocultures of perennial ryegrass fertilized (LP+) and unfertilized (LP−)), tall fescue (fertilized, FA+), and a mixture of these two species with white clover (fertilized, LFT+)) on root biomass and SOM dynamics in field experiments on loamy and sandy soils in the Netherlands. Dried cattle manure was added to all fertilized treatments. We hypothesized that SOM accumulation would be highest under CG and LG, and FA+ and LFT+ as a consequence of greater belowground biomass production. SOM was monitored after conversion from arable land for a period of two years (loamy and sandy soil) and five years (sandy soil). We found that management practices to increase SOM storage were strongly influenced by sampling depth and length of the grassland period. SOM increased significantly in nearly all fertilized treatments in the 0–60 cm layer. No differences between species compositions were found. However, when only the 30–60 cm soil layer was considered, significantly higher SOM increases were found under FA+, which is consistent with its greater root biomass than the other species. SOM increases tended to be higher under LG than RG. The results of this study suggest that it seems possible to comply with the 4-thousandth initiative during a period of five years with fertilized perennial ryegrass or tall fescue in monoculture after conversion from arable land. It remains to be investigated to which extent this sequestration of carbon can be maintained after converting grassland back to arable land.
35
Almeida, Ceres Duarte Guedes Cabral de, Denize Maria Oliveira Silva, Brivaldo Gomes de Almeida, Ênio Farias de França e. Silva, Rebeca Neves Barbosa, and José Amilton Santos Júnior. "FDR ECH2O sensor performance in Spodosols." DYNA 85, no. 207 (October 1, 2018): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v85n207.71897.
Full textAbstract:
Frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) is widely used to measure the soil water contents. However, the soil composition effects on FDR calibration has to be quantified to reduce the need for further calibration. Our objectives were to (1) evaluate the accuracy of EC-5 for measuring soil water content in sandy soils and (2) develop soil-specific sensor calibration curve. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected in a Sopossol profile (07º 37’ 30’’ S, 34º 57’ 30’’ W) representative of region sugarcane grown, in northeast of Brazil. Regression statistics analysis showed good accuracy and RMSE = 0.01 m3 m-3, while without specific calibration the RMSE = 0.06 m3 m-3. The EC-5 sensor should be subjected to field-specific calibration in sandy soils due to the low field capacity and water content during the growing season.
36
Ghabour, Samir S. I., Saad A. Mohamed, Sawsan A. Saif El-Yazal, and Hasan M. H. Moawad. "Phytochemical Properties of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa, L.) Plants Grown under Bio and Mineral Fertilizers in Different Types of Soil." International Letters of Natural Sciences 83 (July 27, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.83.1.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to clarify the phytochemical property evaluation of Roselle plants grown under bio Azotobacterine (Azotobacterchroococcum) and phosphorein (Bacillus polymyxa) and mineral (N, P and K fertilizers at the rates of 25, 50 and 100% from the doses recommended by Ministry of Agriculture) fertilizers applied in different types of soil. Samples of Roselle plants were obtained from different soils (clay soil at Dar El-Ramad farm, sandy loam and saline loamy sand soil at Demo farm, Faculty of Agriculture) at El-Fayoum governorate conditions. Moreover, some of the phytochemical properties (N, P and K percentage in roselle herb and its uptake, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B and carotenoids), anthocyanin pigment and pH value) of roselle plants (Hibiscus sabdariffa, L.) under different soils were determined. The data obtained showed that, bio and mineral (NPK) fertilizers increased the above compositions of roselle plants under different soils of experiment. The maximum increase of these compositions was obtained by the treatment clay soil × 100% NPK + bio fertilizers, followed by clay soil × 50% NPK + bio fertilizers as compared to saline loamy sand soil × non fertilizer treatment, although, the differences between these treatments and mineral fertilizer at the rate of 100% NPK alone were insignificantly. Therefore, it is economically and environmentally recommended to inoculate roselle seeds with mixture of Azotobacter + Bacillus and fertilize these inoculated plants with 50% NPK for improve chemical compositions (N, P and K percentage in roselle herb and its uptake, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B and carotenoids), anthocyanin pigment and pH value) of roselle plants under clay soil. Key words: Roselle, Hibiscus sabdariffa L., nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, biofertilization, soil type, salinity, chemical composition.
37
Griffiths, Bryan, Roy Neilson, and A. Glyn Bengough. "Soil factors determined nematode community composition in a two year pot experiment." Nematology 5, no. 6 (2003): 889–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854103773040808.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Two similar, sandy loam soils from the same geographical region but with distinct nematode communities were used to determine the extent to which water, soil and inoculum factors affected nematode community structure. Treatments were established in pots containing a middle layer of frozen defaunated soil, sandwiched between an inoculum that was either fresh soil from the same site ('self') or a mixture of soils to give a more diverse inoculum ('mixed'). During year 2, half the pots were watered at regular intervals while the other half received only rainfall. For individual nematode taxa, soil layer and watering regime were the main factors discriminating between treatments, while initial inoculum had a larger influence than soil type. Acrobeloides was most affected by the watering regime, being more abundant under variable water conditions, whereas Hoplolaimidae, Longidorus and Pratylenchus were more abundant in deeper soil layers in contrast to other taxa. For the community as a whole, when analysed by principal component analysis, soil factors clearly influenced composition and also indicated that the biological properties of the soils were important.
38
Rimé, Delphine, Sylvie Nazaret, François Gourbière, Patrice Cadet, and Yvan Moënne-Loccoz. "Comparison of Sandy Soils Suppressive or Conducive to Ectoparasitic Nematode Damage on Sugarcane." Phytopathology® 93, no. 11 (November 2003): 1437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2003.93.11.1437.
Full textAbstract:
Two South African sandy soils, one suppressive and the other conducive to ectoparasitic nematode damage on monoculture sugarcane, were compared. Analysis of field transects indicated that the suppressive soil displayed a comparatively higher population of the weak ectoparasite Helicotylenchus dihystera, whose predominance among ectoparasitic nematodes is known to limit yield loss caused by more virulent phytonematodes. Soil type was identical at both sites (entisols), but the suppressive soil had a higher organic matter content and a lower pH, which correlated with H. dihystera population data. In contrast, microclimatic differences between the two field sites were unlikely to be responsible for the suppressive or conducive status of the soils, as shown in a greenhouse experiment. The two soils exhibited a bacterial community of the same size but with different genetic structures, as indicated by automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA). The number of culturable fluorescent pseudomonads was higher for the conducive soil, probably because extensive root damage caused by ectoparasitic nematodes favored proliferation of these bacteria. This study shows that apparently small differences in soil composition between fields located in the same climatic area and managed similarly can translate into contrasted nematode communities, ectoparasitic nematode damage levels, and sugarcane yields.
39
Martins Gomes, Ernane Tarcísio, Ricardo Luis Louro Berbara, Marcos Gervasio Pereira, Segundo Sacramento Urquiaga, Orlando Carlos Huertas Tavares, Shirlei Almeida Assunção, Everaldo Zonta, Nelson Moura Brasil do Amaral Sobrinho, and Andrés Calderín García. "Effects of farmed managements in sandy soils on composition and stabilization of soil humic substances." Land Degradation & Development 29, no. 1 (December 8, 2017): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2839.
Full text
40
Zhang, Haiou, Jiancang Xie, Jichang Han, Haipeng Nan, and Zhen Guo. "Response of Fractal Analysis to Soil Quality Succession in Long-Term Compound Soil Improvement of Mu Us Sandy Land, China." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (February 18, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5463107.
Full textAbstract:
The degraded aeolian sandy soil in China’s Mu Us Sandy Land requires amendment before it can be suitable for maize or other agricultural production. The addition of material from the local “soft” bedrock can create a new compound soil whose particle composition and structural stability are key issues for sustainable soil development in the region. We used field data from 2010 to 2018 to study the variations in fractal characteristics of compound soil particles at soft rock to sand volume ratios of 1 : 1, 1 : 2, and 1 : 5, along with changes in soil organic matter. Over the study period, all three compound soils showed gradual increases in clay and silt content with corresponding decreasing sand content. The fractal dimension (FD) of particles at ratio 1 : 2 increased by 8.8%, higher than those at 1 : 1 (8.6%) and 1 : 5 (7.7%). The organic matter content (OMC) of particles at ratio 1 : 2 reached a maximum (6.24 ± 0.30 g/kg), an increase of 12 times over the original value. The FD and OMC of particles at ratios 1 : 1 and 1 : 5 were less stable but showed overall increase. The 1 : 2 ratio compound soil was most suitable for maize growth as its clear increase in silt and clay content most improved the texture and OMC of the original sandy soil. Such research has important theoretical and practical significance for understanding the evolutionary mechanism and sustainable use of the compound soil in agriculture within the Mu Us Sandy Land.
41
Khokhryakova, Anastasiya, and Elguja Kulidzhanov. "Characteristic of soils of Odesa City." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 52 (June 27, 2018): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2018.52.10195.
Full textAbstract:
In the article, the basic morphological features, physical and chemical properties of soils of Odesa, analyzed indicators nutrient content, humus pHN2O, soil particle size distribution. The composition of salts and absorbed bases in soils is established. The purpose of this study is to characterize the soil cover of Odesa City. 47 full-profile sections were laid in 9 key sections in the city area. Key areas are characterized by the different anthropogenic impact on the soil upper layer and intensity of its use. According to the result of the studies of soils in Odesa City, the following groups of soils are distinguished in the territory of the city: natural undisturbed soils, anthropogenically externally disturbed natural soils, anthropogenically deeply disturbed soils (urban-soils). For natural undisturbed and anthropogenically externally disturbed natural soils, heavy loamy and medium loam granulometric composition is characteristic in most cases. The upper horizons of the soils of the firth overspill have a lighter composition – from light loamy to sandy. The granulometric composition of urban soils is heavy loamy, during a tendency toward its alleviation due to the anthropogenic increase of the content of sand fractions and skeletal material. A characteristic feature of undisturbed soils of the Odesa City is fairly high variability in the nitrogen content of nitrification, mobile phosphorus and exchange potassium, and organic substance. The sum of the absorbed bases in natural undisturbed and anthropogenically externally disturbed natural soils, as in urban areas, is low. The ratio between calcium and magnesium ranges from 2:1 to 6:1. Automorphic soils are predominantly weakly solonetzic. Marsh soils are characterized by a certain increase in the proportion of sodium from the sum of the absorbed bases - up to 36.47 %. Natural humus soils are characterized by a lack of salinity. Meadow soils from the surface have a weak degree of chloride type of salinity, and an average and a strong degree of chloride type of salinity is noted down to the profile. Urban soils have a weak degree of chloride-sulfate salinization, associated with the use of mixtures against ice in winter. Marsh soils have a strong degree of soda-chloride type of salinity from the surface. Key words: Odesa, urban soils, anthropogenic transformation of urban soils.
42
Walna, Barbara. "Composition and variability of soil solutions as a measure of human impact on protected woodland areas." Open Chemistry 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 349–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-006-0051-z.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractA study was made of the sandy and loamy soils of the woodland areas of the Wielkopolski National Park (Poland) affected by acid rain. The basic properties of the soils were determined, revealing their strong acidification, poor buffering power, and the possibility of aluminium release. An analysis was made of the content of soluble, exchangeable, organic, amorphous, and free forms of aluminium. The concentration of exchangeable aluminium exceeded that of the form dissolved in soil water several times to tens of times.In soil solutions Ca/Al ratios in some horizons show very low values that could induce a nutrient deficit. In the sandy profiles the ratio even drops below the critical level of 0.1. In the surface horizon the dominant cation at all the sites is the aluminium ion.An analysis of anions shows a dominance of sulphate and chloride ions. In autumn nitrites were recorded at all depth levels, while in spring only in the surface layers. The highest fluoride concentrations were found to occur in profiles situated the closest to the emission source of fluorine compounds. The markedly higher concentrations of ammonium than nitrate ions can lead to increased acidification and eutrophication of the soil.
43
Zhao, Li Juan, Jose R. Peralta-Videa, Jose Angel Hernandez-Viezcas, Jie Hong, and Jorge L. Gardea-Torresdey. "Transport and Retention Behavior of ZnO Nanoparticles in Two Natural Soils: Effect of Surface Coating and Soil Composition." Journal of Nano Research 17 (February 2012): 229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.17.229.
Full textAbstract:
The widespread use of nanoparticles (NPs) in consumer goods could put these materials in the waste stream, potentially to soil and sediments. However, little is known about their transport in water and soils. In this study, transport behavior and attachment of ZnO NPs in soil components were studied through column experiments and sequential extraction, respectively. Bare and sodium citrate coated ZnO NP suspended in CaCl2 solutions at different ionic strengths, were passed through glass columns packed with sandy soils (SS) and sandy loam soils (SLS) and the effluents were analyzed by ICP-OES. The distribution of Zn in soil particles was studied by electron microprobe (EMP). Results showed that 99% of Zn/ZnO NPs was retained in SLS and 68% ~ 99% was retained in SS, for ionic strengths varying from 0 to 1 mM. Travel distances (cm) for bare ZnO NPs in SS and SLS were 19.2 and 5.3, respectively, while for coated NPs the distances were 21.4 and 6.9 cm, respectively. The surface coating reduced deposition rates from 0.73 to 0.65 and from 2.28 to 1.74 for SS and SLS, respectively. In both soils the amounts of uncoated NPs in the exchangeable fraction were less than 1%; however, 30% of coated NPs remained in the exchangeable fraction. EMP mapping showed that Zn/ZnO NPs associated with silica and aluminum, which are indicators of soil clay minerals. Long term observations are still needed to evaluate the bioavailability to plants of Zn released from coated and uncoated ZnO NPs.
44
Ganiyeva, S. "Character of Soil Cover and State of Land Use Fund in the Absheron Region." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 4 (April 15, 2020): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/53/20.
Full textAbstract:
The morphogenetic analysis of the soils in Absheron administrative region was analyzed, the peculiarity of the ecological factors affecting the formation of physical, physico–chemical characters was given. The composition of soil fund is analyzed. An area of clayey, heavy, average, light clayey, sandy soils was calculated. Land grouping was performed for soil profile density. The analysis was performed on administrative–zone units of the areas in the agricultural places (tillage, perennial planting, pastures and hay field), the distribution legislation of the land property forms was studied.
45
W. Arnold, G., M. Abensperg-Traun, R. J. Hobbs, D. E. Steven, L. Atkins, J. J. Viveen, and D. M. Gutter. "Recovery of shrubland communities on abandoned farmland in southwestern Australia: soils, plants, birds and arthropods." Pacific Conservation Biology 5, no. 3 (1999): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc990163.
Full textAbstract:
Passive recovery of land formerly used for agricultural production may be an inexpensive and rapid method of ecosystem recovery, and may provide an alternative method to active revegetation. Passive recovery may also contribute to sustainable agriculture (soil salinity). For undisturbed and disturbed areas of the central wheatbelt of Western Australia, this paper reports the effects of farming history (clearing only, cultivation, duration of farming, and time since farming ceased) on the soil nutrient content, plant floristics (richness and composition) and structure, and the abundance, species richness and species composition of birds and arthropods. Only one site was cultivated for >6 years. We summarize as follows: (1) Previous clearing and cultivation has left no residual effects on the nitrogen or phosphorus content in the sandy soils. (2) There were no significant differences in terms of plant species richness but some differences in cover of woody plants, grass cover and plant species composition for farming history or time since farming ceased. (3) There were no significant differences in bird species richness but differences in species composition for time since farming ceased. (4) Arthropods showed few (and low) significant differences in their abundance, richness or species composition across different farming histories and time periods since farming ceased. Farming of these shrublands has left only minor changes in the composition and structure of the vegetation, and in the abundance, species richness and species composition of the passerine bird and arthropod assemblages. Abandoned parcels of land on the sandy soils which support shrubland may yield useful conservation benefits with relatively little input.
46
Abakumov, Evgeny, Alexandr Pechkin, Ekaterina Chebykina (Maksimova), and Georgii Shamilishvili. "Effect of the Wildfires on Sandy Podzol Soils of Nadym Region, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, Russia." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2020 (September 22, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8846005.
Full textAbstract:
Active land disturbance of soil and environments appears even in remote landscapes of tundra and forest tundra. Wildfires become a frequent factor of soil degradation and intensification of permafrost degradation, also affecting the global balance of carbon, especially content and distribution of polycyclic aromatic compounds. Mature unaffected by fire sandy-textured podzols soils were investigated in comparison with the same soil strongly affected by surface fire in the end of August 2016 in surroundings of the Pangody settlement, Nadym district, Yamal region. Data obtained showed an intensive morphological transformation of the topsoil layers, decreasing total organic matter and apparently increasing the humus enrichment by nitrogen. Wildfires also result in complete transformation of the fractional composition of the polycyclic aromatic compounds. The sum of PAHs increases intensively as well as benzo(a)pyrene content in soils. Therefore, soils of the cryolithozone become more faced to the wildfires during the last decades. Even one-time fire effect results in serious transformation of soil geochemical state.
47
Romanov, Evgeny, Dmitry Mukhortov, and Tatiana Nureeva. "Application of organic waste composts when producing forest planting material." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 113 (2016): 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf1613133r.
Full textAbstract:
Most seedlings and saplings of woody plants in the Russian Federation are produced in the open ground in forest nurseries. In order to produce high quality planting material it is necessary to support and preserve soil fertility, which can be obtained by using organic wastes and organic-based fertilizers. Our research is aimed at the assessment of the influence of non-conventional organic fertilizers on fertility of podzols and on the growth rate of seedlings and saplings of woody plants in forest nurseries. Our research shows, that the application of non-conventional organic fertilizers does not result in any accumulation of heavy metal salts in podzols, but optimizes hydro physical and agrochemical properties of the ploughed horizon. The efficiency of non-conventional organic fertilizers depends on their composition, physical and chemical characteristics of the original components, their doses applied and original fertility of soils. A combined application of non-conventional organic fertilizers and sand results in the optimization of practically all soil fertility parameters in middle clay-loam soils, while application of non-conventional organic fertilizers and clay is optimal for application on light soils. The optimal application dose of non-conventional fertilizers depends on soil texture, woody species and the fertilizer composition. An optimal application dose for Norway spruce on a light clay-loam soil is 50-80 tons/ha, and on a middle clay-loam soil is 149-182 tons/ha. It is 50 tons/ha for Scots pine growing on a sandy loam soil, and 100 tons/ha for the same species growing on a sandy soil or a light clay-loam. For Siberian larch growing on a light clay-loam soil the dose of fertilizer applied should be 150 tons/ha. It is recommended to apply composts containing over 50% (by weight) of Category II wastes (substrate) for the amelioration of light soils, and composts containing over 40% (by weight) of Category I wastes (filler) for the amelioration of heavy soils. It would allow for the optimization of soil properties and production of better quality planting material in forest nurseries.
48
Arocena, J. M., S. Pawluk, and M. J. Dudas. "Genesis of selected sandy soils in Alberta, Canada as revealed by microfabric, leachate- and soil composition." Geoderma 54, no. 1-4 (September 1992): 65–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(92)90098-r.
Full text
49
Verberne, E. L. J., J. Hassink, P. de Willigen, J. J. R. Groot, and J. A. van Veen. "Modelling organic matter dynamics in different soils." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 38, no. 3A (September 1, 1990): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v38i3a.16585.
Full textAbstract:
A mathematical model was developed to describe carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling in different soil types, e.g. clay and sandy soils. Transformation rates were described by first-order kinetics. Soil organic matter is divided into four fractions (including microbial biomass pool) and three fractions of residues. The fraction of active soil organic matter was assumed to be affected by the extent of physical protection within the soil, as was the soil microbial biomass. The extent of protection influenced the steady state level of the model, and, hence, the mineralization rates. The mineralization rate in fine-textured soils is lower than in coarse-textured soils; in fine-textured soils a larger proportion of the soil organic matter may be physically protected. The availability of organic materials as a substrate for microorganisms is not only determined by their chemical composition, but also by their spatial distribution in the soil. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
50
SOMMER, S. G., L. S. JENSEN, S. B. CLAUSEN, and H. T. SØGAARD. "Ammonia volatilization from surface-applied livestock slurry as affected by slurry composition and slurry infiltration depth." Journal of Agricultural Science 144, no. 3 (April 6, 2006): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859606006022.
Full textAbstract:
Volatilization of ammonia (NH3) from slurry applied in the field is considered a risk to the environment and reduces the fertilizer value of the slurry. To reduce volatilization a better understanding of the slurry–soil interaction is needed. Therefore, the present study focuses on measuring NH3 volatilization as affected by differences in infiltration. Livestock slurries with different dry matter (DM) composition and viscosity were included in the experiments by using untreated cattle and pig slurry, pig slurry anaerobically digested in a biogas plant and pig slurry anaerobically digested and physically separated. NH3 volatilization was measured using dynamic chambers and related to infiltration of the livestock slurries in the soil by measuring chloride (Cl−) and Total Ammoniacal Nitrogen (TAN=ammonium (NH4+)+NH3) concentrations in soil at different depths from 0·5 to 6·0 cm from the soil surface. The slurries were applied to sandy and sandy-loam soils packed in boxes within the chambers. There were no significant differences in relative volatilization of NH3 from untreated cattle and pig slurries, but anaerobic digestion of pig slurry increased volatilization due to increases in pH. However, physical separation of the digested slurry reduced the volatilization compared with untreated slurry, due to increased infiltration. In general, the volatilization decreased significantly with increased infiltration. The present study shows that NH3 volatilization from applied slurry can be related to infiltration and that infiltration is related to slurry composition (i.e. DM content and particle size distribution) and soil water content. The infiltration of liquid (measured by Cl− infiltration) was affected by soil water potential, therefore, Cl− infiltrated deeper into the sandy loam soil than the sandy soil at similar gravimetric soil water values. Dry matter (DM) and large particles (>1 mm) of the slurry reduced infiltration of liquid. A high proportion of small particles (<0·025 mm) facilitated infiltration of TAN.