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Journal articles on the topic 'Sangam literature'
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1
T, Sivachitra. "Vaishnava theories Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, SPL 2 (January 24, 2022): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s22.
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Tamil language has many special features. One of them is the charity done to Tamil by all religions. Tamil is a language that has been singularly praised by six different religions namely Jainism, Buddhism, Veganism, Vaishnavism, Islam and Christianity. In the history of Tamil literature, Sangam literature can be considered as a secular literature. Thoughts about God are prevalent in Sanskrit literature. But they did not all grow in isolation. Doctrines about God have developed on the basis of department. The literatures of Thirumurukaaruppadi, Paripadal and kalithogai do not become religious literatures as they refer to the gods. They refer only to the theological doctrines of the people of that time. The Sangam literature reveals that religious thought is intertwined with people's lives.
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K, Hemalatha. "Astronomical Knowledge of Sangam Tamils through Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-6 (July 17, 2022): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s619.
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The ancient Tamils were the ones who closely observed the astronomical events and changes occurring in the sky every day and told the world the thoughts related to astronomy. Names like Kanyan Poongunranar, Kanimethaviyar, Pakkudukkai Nakkaniyar etc. are proof that there were many people who excelled in the field of astronomy in Tamil Nadu. Astronomer Sylator has said that Tamil's system of celestial arithmetic is the most moderate of all the mathematics involved. The history of the past reveals that the Tamil race has been deeply entrenched in scientific spirit and thought since ancient times. Based on scientific news, Tamil has the honour of creating literature two thousand years ago. The Tamilian who moved the wheel of life grounded on a scientific basis that day has recorded his scientific thoughts in Tamil. Even before the vernacular connection and its consequent mythological dependence were visible in Tamil, the idea of cosmic elements like the world, planets, constellations, etc., was prevalent in Classical Tamil literature. General science encompasses various disciplines like physics, chemistry, medicine, botany, zoology, astronomy, etc. Among these is the branch called astronomy, which helps to understand the various elements of space. Since astronomy is a growing discipline and has a guiding platform for many future studies, the messages related to astronomy seen in Sangam poems are examined in this article.
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V, Gajendran. "Ilaiani in Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, SPL 1 (February 25, 2022): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s127.
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Did the term ilaiyani found in Sangam literature refer to the dimly lit Thali? Is the study. Sangam Literature Thali is a type of necklace worn by men, i.e. a necklace made of leopard skin. Sangam literature included singing and sum. The Sangam period was able to describe the living conditions of the people. They bear witness to the fact that the people of the Sangam period lived a pure civilized life. Most of the time, the leader has been living in the house with the consent of the leader. However, do they wear female thali during marriage? Have you studied their direct rhetoric? Is set to raise doubts about. Considering them, would the rhetoric of “fiber” be thali? Or was that impression imposed? This article is approached with consideration
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A, Ramya. "Virtues in Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-19 (December 10, 2022): 416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1963.
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Virtue is derived conceptually and is changeable according to the change of time. Moral values are different for man who lived as an ethnic group and for an individualistic society. This article shows up how the virtues mentioned in Sangam literary songs new shape for the sake of necessity. A materialistic society constructs virtue according to the occupation, materials, eligibility etc. A man accepts and reject a thing based on his knowledge of virtue. In the struggle for life, the commonality has been distorted based on the ideas of labor and surplus. This article describes the virtues of war, which are intended to destroy the generality and about the government virtues that emphasize power.
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P, Natchathiravani. "Principles of Vaishnavism in Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-13 (November 21, 2022): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1318.
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The Sangam literature is divided into two types: song and sum. From the Sangam literature to the epic period, there are references to Thirumal. There are also pieces of information about Krishna, Balarama, and Rama, the incarnations of Tirumal. In this article, the knowledge of the worship of Thirumal is found within the Sangam literature. The glory of Thirumal and the reference messages of Thirumal are described in detail in the Tolkappiyam, the grammar book of Tolkappiyar, and in the Sangam texts Akananuru and Purananooru. It is known that the Pandya kings of the Sangam age of Tamil Nadu developed Tamil from south Madurai, Kapadapuram, and Madurai through the three-sangams. It is said that South Madurai and Kapadapuram were destroyed by the sea, and the Kadai Sangam was established in present-day Madurai. It is evident that it operated from the 1st century to the 3rd century, and the Pandya kings developed Tamil through this society. The books of the Kadai Sangam are called songs and thokai.
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T., Dr Geethanjali. "Physics Concepts in Sangam Literature." Journal of Tamil Peraivu 9, no. 2 (December 20, 2020): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jtp.vol9no2.8.
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M, Saravanan. "Clinical Properties in Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-6 (July 16, 2022): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s617.
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The people of the Sangam period lived a high life in harmony with nature. Sangam literature and other literature conveyed to the world that they excelled in various fields like geology, astronomy, medicine, etc. Living in harmony with nature in all stages of their lives, the Tamils used the types of plants like trees, plants, and vines and their parts to make their lives better. The same has been shown in literature as parables, metaphors, and symbols. The ancient Tamils lived dividing medicine as health medicine and psychiatry. It can be known through the literature that medicine for physical health has been classified as natural medicine, music medicine, and surgical medicine, and they have been maintaining health on the basis of food as medicine, and they have removed stress through methods such as relaxation, soothing, and hysteresis as medicine for mental health. Also, classifying the diseases as pain, illness, and suffering, they prescribed medicines for them. Our forefathers used to call doctors "pathologists" and medical women "doctor and midwife." Also, this article is a study that shows the people of the Sangam period knew the medicinal properties of plants and used them as food and medicine with the high principle of 'food is medicine and medicine is food'.
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C, Parameswari. "Prosperity Worship in Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-6 (July 15, 2022): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s68.
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Worship forms the basis of the beliefs that guide human life. In this way, they sprinkled paddy and worshipped the deity so that the intended action would result in good deeds. When the souls of the heroic deaths on the battlefield emerged as a creative power as well as a destructive power, they worshipped monumental stone by sacrificing toddy to gain creative power and a lamb to protect themselves from destruction. There was also a belief that one could get what one wanted by worshipping the monumental stone. In order to get rid of the disease, they performed a ritual and worshipped God Murugavel by sacrificing a young goat. The Bharatavas (fishermen) worshipped the SuravuKodu (jaw bone of sword fish) for wealth and strength. They worshipped snails, crabs, shrimp, and swordfish made of gold in the freshet flood so that the harvest would increase and the country would be prosperous.
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A, Andhuvan. "Dravidian Ideology in Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-5 (August 25, 2022): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s523.
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Tamil is the oldest. The Sangam literature provides a grammatical framework for recording the living traditions and sentiments of the people who spoke the ancient language as literature. This is not only an ancient book but also a mirror that depicts the life of the ancient Tamil people. Religion and God did not come and sit among the Tamil people during the Sangam period. It was during the Middle Ages that these entered. However, they did not determine the lives of the Tamil people. In the course of history, we can feel that these have entered not only Tamil society but all societies with the appearance of classes in history. Sangam literature is the golden literature of the life of a Tamilian. It is the duty of all of us to pass on to the next generation the treasure trove of literature, the treasure of culture, and the mine of history, which lies in the old Tamil manuscripts. The Sangam literature spelled out the concepts of education, self-respect, denial of caste, communism, etc.
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M, Kavitha. "Tribal Worship in Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, SPL 1 (February 25, 2022): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s121.
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Indigenous peoples were a community that lived in segregation and coexistence. Ritual played a major role in the lives of ethnic peoples during the periods of hunting, archeology, and animal husbandry. “In ethnic society, ritual became life and life itself became ritual. It was the rituals that driven and united the ethnic community and affirmed the values of the community. Resources were allocated. Make good use of the social tool by the individual Facilitated. On the whole, rituals became a social life law and a cultural force. The cult not only associated itself with advanced nature but also identified animals, plants, etc. as genus. It was this cult that later formed the basis of religion and caste discrimination. Sanskrit people are in tune with nature The genocide can be traced back to the emergence of a monolithic society based on economics after the disintegration of ethnic society.
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A, Roobadevi. "Vedic principles in Sangam literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, S-2 (April 30, 2021): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21s235.
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Sangam literary texts have praised many Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharvana Vedas. The four Vedas speak of the praise of God, the sacrificial rites, the mantras of veneration, witchcraft, and mantras for controlling all that man fears in practical life. Aiṅkuṟunūṟu, kuṟuntokai, patiṟṟuppattu, paripāṭal, kalittokai, akanāṉūṟu are explored. Ancient Tamil Nadu accepted the Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharvana Vedas with great respect. This article examines the Sangam literature as a definitive proof of the greatness of following the divine morality.
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Ramesh, Dr S. "Saintly state in Sangam literature." Emperor Journal of Classical Tamil Studies 01, no. 01 (2019): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35338/ejcts.2019.1103.
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Nallusamy, Kanthasamy. "Murugan in the Sangam Literature." Journal of Indian Studies 5, no. 1 (June 1, 1993): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jis.vol5no1.2.
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S, Meenakshi. "Retorika Voditelja Intern Literature Sangam." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-14 (November 28, 2022): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1411.
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Sangam literature reveals the best thoughts about ancient Tamils. The effecting usage of words according to the situation is called rhetoric. The rhetoric generally refers to those who possess commanding personality skills. Aga ilakkiya leader has profound knowledge in elaborating her thoughts to others. The literature has also stated that the Aga ilakkiya leader’s rhetoric skills have guided her friends and man in a proper way. In the literature, the Aga ilakkiya leader’s skills in handling various traits such as accepting and rejecting ambassadors are one of the main proofs. The leader’s rhetorical skill can sometimes melt down the heart of her man. In Sangam Aga literature, the chief position was meant for leaders only. Hence the chief’s wellness is significantly taken care of by her friend. Normally friend is expected to be rich in knowledge and a leader is affiliated with feelings hence friends’ quality has been spoken high. So, the friend of Aga Ilakkiya leader’s intelligence is spoken from time to time. Hence this article describes how the rhetorical skills of a leader who could actually understand the different situations and managed her friend.
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D, Vijayarani. "Scientific Records in Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-13 (November 21, 2022): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1320.
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The Tamil language is more than 2,000 years old, age-old, and has dialects. The Tamil language has the nature of being a mother tongue and has the ability to mix with other languages. Classical literature, which encompasses all the characteristics, serves as a mirror of time that describes the life of man. Ancient Tamils did not explore science to the extent of exploring love and heroism, the gifts of fame and justice, which were two eyes in life. If the news is examined scientifically, one can learn the deep scientific knowledge of ancient Tamils. Tolkappiyam, one of the grammar books, looks at the distinctions between life and the five land distinctions, the measurement names mentioned by them, the characteristics of the planets, etc., with a scientific eye. It is also aimed at examining various scientific aspects of the solar system in the classical literature, such as the movements of the solar system, the calculations of the time, the observations on the disk, the rotation of the air, the rotation of the air, the space travel of the ancient Tamils, the use of aircraft, the knowledge of astronomy, etc.
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T, Kabilan. "Worshiping Nature in Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-19 (December 10, 2022): 480–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1971.
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Rituals in human life are a socio-cultural phenomenon that occurs from birth to death. Ritualistic concepts of worship play an important role in all these events. 'Worship' is an activity deeply rooted in human faith. Through Sangam literature we can know that worshiping nature is an important activity in all kinds of events that happens in human life. Rituals may have originated before the concept of God or Lord. These rituals are performed based on faith, belief and customs.
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R, Kannagi. "Insecta in Association with Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-8 (July 20, 2022): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s823.
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The world is the combination of the five Bhudas. In this Sangha literature is the reason for our Tamil language to get a better place and a classical language qualification. In that way, according to the rules stated by Tolkappiyar and Nannular from the literatures such as Natriana, Kurundogai, Ainkuruhunuru, Agananunuru, and Kalittokai, these literatures are mentioned as internal part of Sangam literature, about the snails, conchs, panilams, clams, oysters, palakarai–(chozhi) which have senses, ability and language, and other creatures related to them. The purpose of this article is to clearly explain the news about the amphibians and the places they live in, their different types, the conditions they live in, the methods of destruction of those organisms and the reasons for that. Due to the development of today's civilization, the various resources and living things found in the country are being destroyed and are going towards destruction. This article explains the serious intention that the future generations should realize this and act
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M, Prakash. "Sangam Tamil and Kalaignar." Indian Journal of Tamil 3, no. 3 (August 16, 2022): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54392/ijot2235.
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All the glories of Tamil sung by Sangam poets during the Sangam period, Kalaignar M. Karunanidhi tried to write in a simple style in the weekly magazine 'Kungumum'. As a result, today we have in our hands a great "Sangam treasure". Yes, many have studied the Sangam literature. Very few have searched for the treasure of Sangam literature out of interest and love for Tamil and brought it to the people. Kalaignar M. Karunanidhi's works are multifaceted in signification. Regarding Sangam literature, he selected some songs and divided them into internal and external genres and gave an explanatory speech in his own style as to heroism and love. He regarded the Sangam literature from a new angle, enjoyed it, and made it understandable to the common people. Kalaignar M. Karunanidhi can also be mentioned in that line. This article examines some of the poems in his work from the Kalaignar's point of view.
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K, Shanthi. "Life cycle rituals in Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 1, no. 3 (July 30, 2019): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt1934.
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The rituals in human life during birth, death etc., are called ‘life cycle rituals’. Rituals are one among many life activities. Performing ceremonies on death anniversaries and rest the soul in heaven are common. Celebration on puberty is referred to as life cycle prosperity ritual. The physical maturity of a girl for motherhood is called puberty and the rituals are called puberty rituals or prosperity ritual. Though the rituals are common to the corresponding cultural communities, they differ from men and women. Particularly, this difference could be seen in Sangam literature. For a man one who dominates, mostly the rituals are based on his social activities such as war, agriculture, reign and for a woman, who concentrates on the family, the rituals are based on their genital body, that is, marriage, child birth, widowhood, etc., representing reproduction, or ban on reproduction,’- Raj Gowthaman points out. Rituals of men imbibe social value whereas that of women are associated with possessions. Most of the life cycle rituals are linked with the reproduction of women.
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L, Elanchezhiyan. "Cultural Ecology views in Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 2, no. 2 (March 22, 2020): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt20212.
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The human race, a component of nature, has begun to experience the opposite effect as a reaction to the domination of nature. The modern society, which is endangering the dangers of global warming and climate change, has just begun to express its concern for nature. This is why the modern concept of ecology is gaining more attention. The concept of ecology is now a matter of debate, rather than a defence of nature, of human self-defence. It is only by understanding nature and living on it that the human race can establish its presence in this global sphere. "Man is a social animal. He responds directly to the environment through his actions and changes not only his way of life but also the way of life of all living things” In his book Theory of cultural change 1955 by Julian Stewart. Ecology Review is a study that combines scientific theoretical environment and literature with language and biological theories. Nature has a great influence on us as a living substance and when we misuse it, it brings us great danger. All Tamil ancient life in the academy is seen as ecological. The following nattrinai poems describe how the people of the Sangam era had an understanding of nature.
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R, Usha Rani. "Worship of Pavai in Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-6 (July 18, 2022): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s625.
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Paavai worship is one of the invisible ancient forms of worship recorded in Sangam literary works. The word paavai appears in 53 places in Sangam literature. paavai deity. Playing object, Painting, Sculpture, Plant, Eye, Woman, Koothu are handled in many objects. Here the word paavai is taken for study only in the sense of deity. This paavai worship can be classified into two as Kollimalai paavai worship and water god puppet worship. The paavai that freezes in the Kolli Hills is very devastating. Received divinity. Natural disasters like wind, rain, thunder, lightning, do not spoil the beauty of this mountain. That is why the Kollimalai paavai is called the Maya natural paavai. The deity is frozen in caves, ditches and rocks. Kollimalai paavai is the guardian deity who threatens and guards Condor in the Kolli Hills. Sangam poets have compared it to a Kollimalai paavai as a testament to the beauty of women. The next paavai worship is the water worship. Worship of the water god paavai took place in the early morning of the month of Tai, in the hope that a good husband would be obtained by worshiping the water god paavai, good rain, and the country would prosper.
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M, Murali. "Use of Water in Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-9 (July 27, 2022): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s98.
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It is known from the literature that the Tamil people of the Sangam period were attached to nature and used the energies of nature as needed. Reservoirs like lake embankments have been constructed to store the seasonal rainwater and have been well maintained. Water is distributed through canals, sluices, and canals. Earth, water, fire, air, and space are all mixed up in the world of enchantment, which is the worldly natural theory discovered by the Tamils. Although the world is surrounded by water, it is the source of food and production. The brief of the study is to make the present generation aware of water conservation by knowing the thoughts about water in the literature and how it has been praised and protected.
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K, Hemalatha. "Sangam literature showing about Veera Mangaiyar." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, no. 4 (October 30, 2021): 226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21427.
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Since ancient times, the Tamil community has given great value to women. It is said that in the Vedic period men had equal rights with women and husband and wife had equal rights in religious and social duties. The position of women during the Sangam period, similar to the Vedic period, was highly admirable. Women were considered to be of the highest character to household duties. Chastity is with loving virtues patience, morality, maintaining the heart, hospitality, circumference, etc., are the characteristics of the wife. The women of the sangam age considered Nanam better than the best life of all, that innocent chastity was better than that Nanam, and that their husband was life for wives. Women have maintained a good place of Nanam and chastity. She considered it is duty to give birth to the people and to be heroic. The purpose of this article is to express the heroic feelings of women in sangam literature.
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C, Jessy Rose. "Sharing a Virtue in Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-19 (December 10, 2022): 508–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1975.
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Living together is a primary feature of ethnic group life. The Sangam period shows us about remnants of tribal life through literature. Traces of this tribal life abound in the Kurinji and Mullai land forms. The food production obtained in these lands are by hunting, food gathering and by doing simple agriculture and it was shared among the people. This act of sharing has been a moral act of unifying ethnic group lifestyles and one of the fundamental factors in building community bonds. This is most vividly displayed in the kurinji and Mullai thinai songs of Sangam literature. This article examines all these things in detail.
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A, Palaniammal. "Etiquettes of Cultural Parables in Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, no. 4 (October 5, 2021): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21422.
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Sangam literature are used to clearly understand the development of civilized society and literary richness or off luence. The literature named after the parable can be said to be sangam literature. We call a parable, an analogy that composes one object to another. We could find this kind of analogy in writings of noble laureates naturally this parable is nurtured with human birth. Through the beautiful usages of parable in sangam literary pieces one can see the growth of culture. The parable is the supreme tool for cultivating culture and the key used to open the springs of emotions to the pinnacle of languages. Through this research article we come to know how parable works as the highly appreciatable tool of language and how it can beanty one’s writing.
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A, Palaniammal. "Etiquettes of Cultural Parables in Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, no. 4 (October 5, 2021): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21422.
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Sangam literature are used to clearly understand the development of civilized society and literary richness or off luence. The literature named after the parable can be said to be sangam literature. We call a parable, an analogy that composes one object to another. We could find this kind of analogy in writings of noble laureates naturally this parable is nurtured with human birth. Through the beautiful usages of parable in sangam literary pieces one can see the growth of culture. The parable is the supreme tool for cultivating culture and the key used to open the springs of emotions to the pinnacle of languages. Through this research article we come to know how parable works as the highly appreciatable tool of language and how it can beanty one’s writing.
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P.L, Malathi, and Stephen G. "The Bow and Arrow in Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, no. 3 (June 29, 2022): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22311.
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Scholars point out that the Sangam period dates back to the Veerayuga period. It is also believed to be the Iron Age. Society in the longest hierarchy of mankind. It can be seen from the association's work that the various types have evolved and evolved into different stages. The association work is not complete and does not belong to the same period, and there is ample evidence to learn about the different ethnic community in the association. Exoduses speak of emotional departmental discipline and Exodus speaks of heroic battles. Songs praising the war also showcase the weapons. Data on tools such as bows and arrows are also available. The bow and arrow are symbolically identified with certain concepts with a social background. The bow and arrow set out to illustrate societal evolution and biological values. The purpose of this article is to discuss the movements of the bow and arrow community, although numerous weapons are found in literary references.
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K, Devibooma. "Records of Hero Stone in Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, SPL 2 (February 28, 2022): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s247.
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News about transplantation in Sangam literature is widely included in all texts. Nadukal (stele) performed his heroic deeds in the war, understood the war and was taken to the chest-wounded dead. The article makes it clear that the primary reason for the transplant was that Yathen was in a position to give the impression that the dead were living with them. The article goes on to explain that the performance of Nadukal worship is an expression of heroism and is considered to be the primary debt paid by the warriors to the Veeramanaram Eidyas. The article is located in the Sangam literature to illustrate the way in which Nadukal has continued in Tamil culture for a long time.
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G, Ramanathan. "Worship of Hero stone in Sangam Literature." International Research Journal on Advanced Science Hub 2, no. 8 (September 25, 2020): 136–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjash.2020.108.
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C, Gobiya. "Ploughing Occupation and its Techniques in Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-8 (June 26, 2022): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s82.
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Sangam literature is a repository of Tamil culture. Literature has divided the way of life of the people of the Sangam into two parts, love and heroism, and has led them to know the life and development of the people of that time with their social background. What helped man greatly to attain civilization in such a life were the various occupations in which he little by little learned. Among them, it must be said that the agricultural industry has greatly contributed to the development of civilization. The use of technology, such as researching the farming industry and technology in agriculture, as well as in the Sangam literature techniques include a variety of tasks such as plowing, irrigating, seeding, transplanting, cultivating, weeding, crop protection, fertilising, harvesting, crop rotation, transplanting, cropping, and many more are also explained.
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Sankara Narayanan, K. "Tolkappiyam Masculine Creatures in the Sangam Literature Framework." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 4, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v4i4.2313.
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Tholkappiayam is the oldest grammar of Tamil. It is divied into three chapters: Ezhuthathigaram, Cholathigaram, Porulathigaram Thokappiya Porulathigaram discriminates in three genetics. They are as follows 1, Youthful names, 2. Masculine names, 3. Feminine names. The three objectives of this review article are as follows, Mathching the names of masculine Species pointing of the Tholkappiyam genetic in the Sangam Literature. Examples are the masculine names found in the Sangam Literature. Outline the changes and developments in masculine names.
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S, Vanitha. "The Patron and the Needy Virtue in Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-10 (August 12, 2022): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s1021.
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Sangha literature is the repository of Tamil culture. In Sangam literature, Sangam texts have been created by the poets to describe the ancient people, the kings who were the leaders of the people, their ways of life and virtues like valor, love, and gift. Before the emergence of poets, there were oral singers named Panar (singers), Porunar (soldiers), Koothar (dancers), and Viraliyar (female songsters). The writing form was not in use in their time. There was only the pleasure of listening through the ears. The poets who found their way in education and created Sangam texts and the great men who found their way in artistic life, like Panar, Porunar, Koothar, and Viraliyar, who were the basis for the emergence of Sangam literature, have moved from place to place. Through the Sangam texts, it is known that many of these great people have suffered in poverty and weakness. Although these great people lived in poverty, they lived well even in poverty. To overcome their poverty and suffering, they sought kings and princes who could appreciate their talent and merit. These benevolent patrons fed those who came looking for them, relieved them from hunger and tiredness, gave them sustenance and alleviated their poverty, supported them and gave them life. The Sangam songs are used in this article to demonstrate the character of the poets who sought assistance, their noble minds, the excellence of charity, the usefulness of the patrons who have protected these great ones, the virtue of charity, the kind heart, the excellence of gifts, the gifts given by the patrons, the acts of kindness of ordinary citizens, and so on.
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Anbarasu, M., and D. Udhaya Nandhini. "The Phases of Flower in Sangam Tamil Literature." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 8, no. 1 (July 2, 2020): 218–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v8i1.3161.
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A flower is the reproductive part of flowering plants. Within the flowering stage of flower had different phases like Arumbu / Bud, Mottu / Tender flower Bud, Mugai / Opening bud, Malar / Flower blossom, Alar / Full-blown flower blossom, Vee / Flower drying and Semmal / Faded flower in Sangam Tamil literature. The Sangam Tamil literature was accompanied of Tamil scholars and poets that, according to phases flower are indicated in Thirukkural, Narrinai, Purananuru, Kuruntokai, Silappatikaram, etc., This review is more useful to researchers for understanding the floral scent properties relation to phases of flower and associated with releasing dynamics for fragrant / scent out of flower.
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J, Jothimani. "The Role of a Confident Woman in Sangam Literature – Friend (Female)." Indian Journal of Tamil 3, no. 4 (November 16, 2022): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54392/ijot2244.
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The Sangam literature guides us to live the lives of our forefathers with tradition and culture. The Sangam literature is divided into Akam, and Puram, and clearly depicts the love/family life and the social/war life. Out of the 18 books in Sangam literature, there are 8 books related to the Akam, 8 are Puram books and 2 are related to both Akam as well as Puram. The role of a friend is very important in the Akam part of the Sangam literature. Friend's eloquence, intelligence, and selfless high character are seen to excel. The friend appears as the storehouse of love and the abode of character. If she is seen in the woman-lead’s home, she would be working but treated as a daughter. She is a messenger among the man and woman leads, but she is the backbone of the Akam texts. In the Sangam literature, there is more to the statements of the friend (female), the supporting character, than the statements of the woman-lead. The main characters in Sangam literature are the man-lead, the woman-lead, the friend (female), the foster mother, the birth mother, and the friend (male). The purpose of this article is that the female character who is the most trusted of the characters found in the Sangam literature is the friend of the woman-lead.
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S.P, Induja. "The Four Types of Varunathar Culture in Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-6 (July 30, 2022): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s633.
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The Sangam literature clearly captures the way of life and cultural characteristics of the ancient Tamils. It is the Sangam literature that reveals the antiquity and venerability of the Tamil people even today. Literature is composed of beautiful songs that are rich in ideas and imagination. It is through these verses that the backgrounds of the Brahmins, Kings, Vellalas, and Merchants who existed at that time can be understood. The occupations, customs, rituals, etc., of the people who lived in ancient society can be traced back to the Sangam literature. The Tamil language is the classical language of the world's languages. Literature in this language has innumerable details about culture. But in today's environment, culture is only found in the books we read. The purpose of this article is to reveal that the only truth is the idea that everyone, from the common man to the educated, is changing according to the times and the environment.
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P, Balasubramanian. "A Retrospective View of Asunam in Sangam Literature: The Animal or Bird?" International Research Journal of Tamil 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt2228.
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Sangam literature is celebrated as the traditional literature of Tamil. Contemporary scholars are re-reading the Sangam literature from a new perspective over time. Sangam literature can be called a biodiversity volume when it comes to ecological thinking. The creators of the Sangam period have identified the land-based creatures of his time in poetry. Numerous of them became extinct over time or have been renamed. In particular, the article discusses the search for a creature called Asunam that has been spoken of in Sangam poems, the poetic record, and the commentary of the narrators.
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V. Dhas, Gloria. "Worship of hero stone in the Sangam literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 1, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt1914.
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The memorial pillar (Hero stone), which is erected in memory of the warrior was described by Tolkappiyam and also it defines the worship of the warrior, the name and the heroic deeds of the warrior. Its specialties are studied here.
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T, Prahalathan. "Tamils and Fish as Exhibited in Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-6 (July 18, 2022): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s627.
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Sangam literature conveys to us the high character, way of life, and experience of the Tamils. The five divisions of ancient Tamil society (ainththinai) were characterised by numerous cultures. In the later stage, based on the term attribute, the word "culture" was constructed. Culture refers to the biological structure of human society. One of the main elements of Tamil culture is food. The Tamils excelled in cooking food with taste, and selecting food with taste. At a time when other countries were eating raw food, the Tamils used to grind the food they had to eat and make it into broth, adding aromatics to prevent illness. The Tamils were the first to cook food in a civilised manner. Food has been used as the daily food of Tamils. Tamils enjoy cooking mangoes with fish gravy. They had the habit of eating fried food and drying it as 'karuvadu', which could be used later. The fish is given as a gift to the girlfriend as well. They have improved in the fishing industry. Different vessels are used for catching fish. Fish oil is used to light candles. Fish oil is used for barter. They know what kind of fish is available in which coastal area and go to that area in the respective seasons to catch fish. This research paper has been prepared by selecting the places found in the Sangam literature about fish.
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G, Latha. "Fanaticism in Sangam Literature Worship of Lord Muruga." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-17 (December 17, 2022): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1719.
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The place where people originated and where life began is considered Kurinji land. This is the land that Lord Muruga took as his place. He made the spear a weapon and the image of the rooster a flag. Fanaticism is one of the oldest in the worship of Lord Muruga found in Tamil literature. It may be said to have originated on the basis of social collective life. It can also be said that this worship originated from the worship of Lord Muruga in Tamil Nadu. Though there are no idols in this worship, it can be said that it was worshipped with 'Velayudham (Spear)', the symbol of Lord Muruga. The tribal people, with the help of Lord Velan alias Murugavel in the family, have performed a veriyaattu ceremony (Fanaticism) to resolve the relationship between the mother and daughter. The purpose of this article is to examine it.
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S, Subash. "A Study on Conservation of Water Bodies in Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-13 (November 28, 2022): 395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1357.
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World that is equal to nature in human life. Location Water is one of the most important things for a human being to have food and clothing. If the fifties are in balance in the life of every man no harm will ever come to man. The structure of nature depends on the fifties earth, water, fire, air, and sky. Of It was the waters that were preserved during the Sangam period. Man cannot live without water. Poets have spoken about the nature of water in Sangam literary songs. When we look at the plight of farmers without rain today and the suffering of people without drinking water, the poets in the Sangam literature have said with a view to researching the water levels followed by the Palanthamil in the Sangam literature, the method of conserving water as well as water storage and seasoning. And the nature of rainwater, which is formed naturally, is one of the essential elements for every creative act of man. The purpose of this article is to examine the news about water through the footnotes of the ancient Tamil text.
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R, Devendhiran. "Structural approach of Sangam Poetry." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, S-1 (June 16, 2021): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21s123.
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If a linguistic information is considered a literary work it means that it has a structure of its own. It is not possible to consume literature without a copy of this descriptive system. It was on this basis that the poet's approach to perceiving the internal form of life with its external forms in the language system also appeared. Every art has form and meaning. Form reflects the excellence of literature from the external system and the material internal system. Exploring such a literary structure in a structural approach becomes a necessary one. Anatomy is found only in Tamil as a new dialect. Because Thoughts such as exploring the structure of songs and defining their elements can be seen in the Tamil world before this review. The verb elements spoken in Tholkappiya porulathikaram set out to illustrate the structural nature of the poem. This seems to be close to the ‘overall’ thinking that the organizer refers to. This article explores the Sangapakal through such thinking and reveals the Thinai kotpadu found within them, as well as the structural structure of the Sangapakal, which the Sangapakal see as narrative poems.
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P, Shanthi. "Kollippavai in Sangam texts." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, SPL 1 (February 25, 2022): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s126.
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There are many songs in the Sangam texts about a mother goddess called Kollippavai. It is said to be a puppet written in the cave of Kolli, a puppet made by a goblin, and a puppet written by God himself. Given the diversity of the Tamil tradition, this phrase sets out to illustrate the concept of empathy. Although the word puppet has many dimensions such as paganism, puppetry, and divinity, there are various theories about their authenticity. Silappathikaram says that Kollippavai is a women. Thirumal dance Pavai Koothu Mogini Pavai dance Silappathikaram said that it was a later development. Mohini's appearance at the end of the Kshira Sagara is a later story. PL Sami's establishment in Tamil literature of the worship of the mother goddess can be found in the fact that Aathal's killer is also a kind of mother deity like the jungle. This article attempts to establish its authenticity through the Sangam verse.
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M, Sankar. "The Heroine of the Sangam Period." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-14 (November 28, 2022): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s149.
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Sangam literature is the epitome of Tamil literature. It has internal and external distinctions. Among them, Pulavar’s called the blissful life of one and the same person who is united by similar love as Agam. The characters in this are called internal Characters. He called their speeches statements. The Characters that make up that claim are categorized as Kalavu and Karppu. The Tolkappiyam (Tol. 1445 - 1452) states that these include the ten who listened to the claims of the Hero and the Heroine, Bangan, friend, nurse, Panan, Kuttan, Virali, Bharata, Ariva, Condor, etc., In the songs composed by Eva, the honors of the Hero and the Heroine are spoken. Among them, Tolkappiyam refers to chastity, lust, benevolence, mellifluence, mass, hospitality, and circumcision (Tol. 1098) as the virtues of the old woman who was a housewife. All these are the pillars of life. Tolkappiyam House Wife’s virtues include chastity, lust, morality, mass, patience, feasting, circumcision, etc. These also apply to women who show association literature. Illaram is a joint venture between a man and a woman.
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D, Rejithkumar. "Material Culture in Sangam Literary Neithal Songs." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, no. 3 (July 26, 2022): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22329.
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The Sociology of the people of the Sangam period can be ascertained through the Sangam literature. All the products that people use in their day-to-day lives are all meant to express material culture. These products can also be called everyday commodities. This article sets out to highlight the material cultures that have emerged in the Sangam Literary Neithal (Coast and Coast Surrounded regions) songs. It also reconnoiters food, clothing, and housing patterns. The Bharatavas living in the coastal regions (Neithal) are engaged in fishing, pearl picking, conch picking, and salt selling. The resources used to make these businesses and their techniques have been explored. All these materials have emerged in the Sangam literature as a cultural remnant of the people of the coastal region (Neithal). It is noteworthy that many of the products mentioned in the Sangam Literary Nethal songs have moved away from popular culture today. All of the everyday commodities belonging to the people of the coastal region exhibit the knowledge and technique of that region.
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C, Rajalakshmi. "A Study of the Rituals and Beliefs Performed in the Lives of Sangam Women." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22112.
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Palanthamil literatures are literatures which are the biographical record of Palanthamil. The Sangam literature is the best of them all. In the Sangam literature, it is the introductory songs rather than the exodus that convey the biological values of our Adithamizhan. Intro songs are all about the event of the leader, the leader's love. In the inner life the leader separates the leader for the sake of war or for the sake of material. The leader should wait for the leader to arrive. Therefore, in the Sangam literature, the woman has been the only one to take care of the family, especially the children, from home to be the male interpreter. However, women were respected during the Sangam period. Education, excelled in questions. Forgotten women lived with heroism as their honor. The importance of women diminished after the society in which they lived during the Sangam period was transformed into a landed society. The man sought to subdue the woman by his physical strength and by the woman's inability to do certain things. Thus, feminist rituals are the result of the male race attempting to oppress the female in the name of learning. In Sangam literature, female rituals are subjected to various rituals of the society from birth to death. Some of these rituals are performed to keep women safe. The mind and body of women matures through these rituals. However, due to certain rituals, women suffer a lot. The study reveals that women who have lost their husbands and helpless women are treated with contempt by this society because they marry men who do not have personality traits.
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Murugesapandian, N. "Treatment of Nature in Sangam Poetry." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 5, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v5i2.3480.
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Sangam poems are a document of how the Sangam Tamils faced nature. People who lived during the Sangam period sought to understand the nature around them. They discovered that the vast energies of nature were understood as mysteries that could not be understood by humans easily. The activities and thoughts among the ancient Tamils were tried to understand the relationship between nature and human beings are recorded in the Sangam Poems . The influence of geography in shaping the culture and characteristics of the ancient Tamils is compelling. The poems of the Sangam poets are based on the composition of flora and fauna and the composition of flora and fauna based on nature and tradition. Since the Sangam poets were nature-obsessed, they naturally recorded detailed information about plants and animals in their poems. In the daily life of the people there is a variety of information about nature, both in terms of coding and application. Sangam poems are inspired by contextual recordings that depict the background of human life, without simply copying the metaphor, implicit, and imaginary nature of the Sangam poets’ descriptions of nature. The expressions of the Sangam Tamils trying to reconcile with them are recorded in the Sangam poems. This article describes the treatment of nature in Sangam literature.
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S, Ramathilagam. "People's Occupations During the Sangam Age." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-8 (July 20, 2022): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s825.
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Material resource plays an important role in the development of a country. The Sangam literature is a testament to the existence of such a material resource society in ancient Tamil society. These texts show that plowing during the Sangam period enriched the country by augmenting water resources and conserving natural fertilizers. The Sangam books also show that the hand scale industry was boomed in the absence of machinery. The Sangam songs knew that during the Sangam period there was a salt resources equal to paddy cultivation and that the economic resources were increased by marine resources. The industrial attribute of ancient Tamils cooperation was individual attribute. Bartering is a testament to the fact that they are in possession of their own goods. The need of the individual is the need of the society in which he lives. Farmers who specialize in plowing to feed the world, and other workers who produce other necessities to our life, those who barter goods cultivated from their land to people in other lands, who import goods from other nation to their homeland, and they done business by sea and land the traders was improved by economics. Teachers imparted the wealth of education they received to others, and doctors serviced life-saving careers to improve the community through education and health. The purpose of this article is to highlight the fact that Sangam literature is a document that records the ancient Tamils' advancement in education, economy and health.
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R, Daivam. "Period of Sangam Literature in TamilNadu - An Analytical view." International Journal of Science Technology and Humanities 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/ijsth33.
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R, Nallamuthu. "A Research on Frequently used Products from Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, no. 4 (August 16, 2021): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt2142.
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As to impoverished men this present world is not: The ‘graceless’ in you world have neither part nor lot. As the famous poet vazhuvar puts across this thought, we are surrounded and dependenton material possessions in this world. These asserts play a vital role in every stage and every event of our life. The relationship between oneself and the goods is too deep and enigmatic. In no way we withdraw ourselves from these domestic equipments. The materials connected to our everyday life can be tagged domestic products. These asserts help us in understanding and sangam period. On this note, the domestic products and its varieties are widely discussed. The research focuses on differentating these products namely: Domestic things, pottery, jewelleries made of gold, utensils made of stone, iron and bamboo made appliances.
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Ramaia, Seiva Subramaniam, and Professor Dr M. Rajantheran. "Sangam Literature and the Theory of Six Action Shoes." Journal of Tamil Peraivu 2, no. 1 (December 25, 2015): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jtp.vol2no1.5.
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