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Journal articles on the topic 'Sangam Literatures'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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1

Kumaran, S. "PHILOSHOPIES OF SANGAM LITERATURES." Journal of Indian Studies 11, no. 1 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jis.vol11no1.1.

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2

Subramanian, Kumaran. "Sangam Literatures – An Overview." Journal of Indian Studies 5, no. 1 (1993): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jis.vol5no1.5.

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3

T, Sivachitra. "Vaishnava theories Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, SPL 2 (2022): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s22.

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Tamil language has many special features. One of them is the charity done to Tamil by all religions. Tamil is a language that has been singularly praised by six different religions namely Jainism, Buddhism, Veganism, Vaishnavism, Islam and Christianity. In the history of Tamil literature, Sangam literature can be considered as a secular literature. Thoughts about God are prevalent in Sanskrit literature. But they did not all grow in isolation. Doctrines about God have developed on the basis of department. The literatures of Thirumurukaaruppadi, Paripadal and kalithogai do not become religious

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R, Kannagi. "Insecta in Association with Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-8 (2022): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s823.

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The world is the combination of the five Bhudas. In this Sangha literature is the reason for our Tamil language to get a better place and a classical language qualification. In that way, according to the rules stated by Tolkappiyar and Nannular from the literatures such as Natriana, Kurundogai, Ainkuruhunuru, Agananunuru, and Kalittokai, these literatures are mentioned as internal part of Sangam literature, about the snails, conchs, panilams, clams, oysters, palakarai–(chozhi) which have senses, ability and language, and other creatures related to them. The purpose of this article is to clearl

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C, Rajalakshmi. "A Study of the Rituals and Beliefs Performed in the Lives of Sangam Women." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, no. 1 (2021): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22112.

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Palanthamil literatures are literatures which are the biographical record of Palanthamil. The Sangam literature is the best of them all. In the Sangam literature, it is the introductory songs rather than the exodus that convey the biological values of our Adithamizhan. Intro songs are all about the event of the leader, the leader's love. In the inner life the leader separates the leader for the sake of war or for the sake of material. The leader should wait for the leader to arrive. Therefore, in the Sangam literature, the woman has been the only one to take care of the family, especially th

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Rajeshwari, Dr R. "AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF TAMIL CULTURAL HERITAGE WITH REFERENCE TO SANGAM AGE." Jurnal Mahasiswa Agribisnis 1, no. 2 (2023): 123–28. https://doi.org/10.29103/jma.v1i2.12039.

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Over the course of two millennia, Tamil Nadu has amassed a rich cultural history that continues to flourish today. The significant cultural heritage of Tamil Nadu developed under the rule of dynasties that ruled the state at various times throughout history. Tamil Nadu is a representation of the unique Dravidian culture that emerged under the patronage of several kingdoms over the course of history. The social, economic, religious, and cultural activities of the Tamil people throughout the Sangam Age are what make Tamil Nadu and the Sangam Age special. During this time, there was progress acro

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Zunoomy, M. S. "Comparison between the Literary Characteristics of Sangam Period and Pre Islamic Era – An Introductory Study." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 5, no. 4 (2021): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v5i4.3709.

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Each communities involves in literary field to reflect their origin and uniqueness. Sangam Period on behalf of Tamil language and Pre Islamic Era on behalf of Arabic language are the mostly involvement periods in literary field. Both periods are still talked about in the field of literature that shows theirs antiquity and literary excellence. Literary discussion of these two different language literatures is an essential nowadays. According to this, the significant of this research indicates that each period has been analyzed separately in many views. But comparative analysis is deficiency. Th

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P., Dharani. "சங்க மருவிய கால இலக்கியங்களில் பெண்களின் வாழ்வியல்: சிலப்பதிகாரம் / Women's Lives in the Literatures of the Sangam Era: Silappathikaram". Pandian Journal of Women's Studies 5, SPL 1 (1) (2025): 206–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14744840.

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<em>The period from 3 to 6 AD in the history of Tamil literature is the Sangam Era. Since the Sangams disappeared, it was called the Sangam Era and was also known as the Aranoor Period. Silappathikaram is one of the literatures that emerged during the Sangam Era. Silappathikaram is one of the five great epics written in Tamil. This book is also presented as a continuous poem with a patti. All three elements of literature, namely, literature, music, and drama, can be found in this epic. Epics have an independent protagonist and are composed with descriptions of the country, city, and nature and

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நா., குமுதா /. N. Kumutha. "புறநானூறு சுட்டும் பெண்ணிய நிலைப்பாடுகள் / The Stance of Feminism in Purananooru". பாண்டியன் மகளிர் ஆய்வு இதழ் / Pandian Journal of Women's Studies Volume 2, Issue 2 (2022): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7810204.

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<em>The recordings of the female voice in Sangam poetry are profound. In it we find a great personality called Olavai. Still-Adhimanthi, Velliveedi, like-so-many come to mind.Like all other literatures in the world; Tamil literature is aimed at enslaving women. Poems such as “Reaction is life for the man, life for the woman in the closet” make it clear that feminism was rooted in the Sangam era as well. But in comparison with other language literatures and later Tamil literatures, women were more educated during the Sangam period and became poets, patinis and viriliyars.When there

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SUDALAI, THANGAMARI. "Cultural Elements in Naval Literature." MUTHTHARASI – Art Literary Culture Tamil Journal I, no. 2 (2024): 9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10652736.

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Literature is a repository that records and preserves the development and evolution of the environment. People and their cultural practices are changing with the change of time. Some people live by forgetting the culture itself. But in the life of our ancient people, culture and customs have been greatly respected and observed through the literature that appeared at that time. In this way, the Sangam literature that appeared in the 500th century BC describes the life of Palantamizhar. This review article takes the cultural elements such as customs, diets, beliefs, pastimes, etc. embedded in Aa

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R, Veerapathiran. "Motives and Trends of Tamil Medieval Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, S-1 (2021): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21s19.

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There is innumerable literature that have appeared in our Tamil language which is the most ancient language in the world. Tamil literature has reached various stages of development from the Tholkappiyar period to the twentieth century. During the Sangam period, Sangam literature, Sangam literature during the Maruviya period, epics during the Chola period and Medieval literature during the Nayakas period were well understood. Each period in which Tamil literature appeared reflected the social, political, cultural and economic backgrounds of the time. Literature also needs to change according to

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Kasthuri, C. "Imagine the Effect." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 5, no. 4 (2021): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v5i4.3871.

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Many literatures have appeared and developed from the Sangam period to the present. In general, all of these descriptions have commonalities and their own distinctive features. These distinctive features make it possible to view literature as a separate genre. Some objected to this classifi cation. But many voiced support.

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S, Poongodi. "Agriculture in the social structure of Palanthamil." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, no. 2 (2022): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt2222.

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Sangam Literatures are the source of insights into the culture and milestones in the development of human life. In proverbial songs based on love and heroism, they compiled the best of the remaining songs that had been destroyed by the ocean, termite, and the flood, and named it Sangam literature. Sangam Tamilians lived a life of luxury by setting up separate departments of five lands Kurinji, Mullai, Marutham, Neithal and Palai lands and setting up separate flats for their inner life and heroic outer life. People who lived in each land had set up businesses and adapted their lives to suit tha

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K, P. Vigneswari. "Divergent Retrato of Identical Concepts from Tamil Poems and English Sonnets." Divergent Retrato of Identical Concepts from Tamil Poems and English Sonnets 7, Sp 1 (2019): 37–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2588198.

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Tamil poems in Sangam Literature and Sonnets in English literature seem to complement each other. When comparing two or more literature, it helps to bring light of the merits of those literatures. While comparing both of they express their inner (subjective) emotions. Poems and sonnets express the identical emotional and concepts through different images and metaphors. To accomplish the aim of the paper, Tamil poems and English sonnets are chosen for comparison.

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K, Boopathi, and Aruchamy S. "Astronomical News in kurunthogai." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, S-1 (2021): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21s148.

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Science was born as the word knowledge. A society can think of distant air, planets, moon, Sun, etc., only after learning about the nature and kinetic elements of the objects around it. Among the most important of the Tamil literatures, the first of the Sangam literatures to be considered by the intellectual masses is the kurunthogai. Although the subject matter literature, the small amount, is based on the microstructures, the messages naturally referred to explain the subject matter are scientifically oriented. The purpose of this article is to take a closer look at the astronomical messages

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Mallika.V. "Pathikam and Payiramarabu in Tradtion Tamil." MASIVAN : JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE STUDIES 2, no. 1 (2025): 25–29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14719957.

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The Tamil literature has followed a traditional grammatical system. It describes the method of composing the book, the beginning of the book and the nature of the book. Among them, the Padika tradition and the Payira tradition are noteworthy. One of the oldest classical literatures of the Tamil language is the singing of songs about a single subject in a single verse called Pathika. During the Sangam period, the Pathika system can be seen in the Pathitruppattu and Aingurunutra. As a stage of its development, Karaikkal Ammaiyarelangattu composed the book called Vuththira Thirupatipikam for the

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அ., நாகஜோதி /. A. Nagajothi. "பதினெண்கீழ்க்கணக்கு நூல்களில் அறமதிப்புகள் / Virtues in the Books of Pathinenkeelkanakku". IJTLLS 7, SPL 2 (2025): 444–57. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15552100.

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<em>Literatures serve as a reflection that delineate life and offer both descriptive and regulation structure for human life. The Sangam people represented this principle by living with a deep sense of social morality (<em>aram</em>) by embodying life with love-based inherent values (<em>akam</em>) in their daily life. The virtuous men (<em>Santror</em>) of the Sangam times lived with natural dignity (<em>murai</em>) and ethical excellence. They established classic behavioral standards for others through their conduct. Those who are in leadership roles (<em>Kings</em>) demonstrated meticulous

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முனைவர், பீ. பெரியசாமி /. Dr. B. Periyaswamy. "தமிழ் இலக்கியங்களில் திருப்பரங்குன்றம் Thirupparankundram in Tamil Literature". PTJTS 5, № 1 (2024): 27–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14498289.

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<em>Thirupparankundram is the one of the six holy abodes of Lord Muruga. The temple holds a significant place in Tamil literature and has ben celebrated for its religious, cultural, and historical importance. The temple is revered in ancient Tamil bakthi and Sangam literatures for its divine and spiritual philosophy. Especially, “<em>Thirumurugatrupadai”</em> by Nakkeerar is the first part of the “<em>Pattuppattu” </em>anthology that describes the sanctity and beauty of Thirupparankundram. It highlight its spiritual prominence and the legend behind it. Moreover, many re

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K, Sarweshwaran. "Philosophy of Yoga in Ancient Tamil Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, SPL 2 (2022): 98–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s216.

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Philosophy also holds a unique place in ancient Tamil literature. Thus, this study is carried out under the title of Yoga Philosophy in Tamil Literatures - Ancient Tamil Literature in Multiple Perspectives. Yoga is intended in a variety of senses. It is generally stated in most literatures that yoga is the union with the Lord. Some philosophers argue that separation from the world is yoga. However, the proper benefits of yoga, which are the common elements of yoga, such as Iyam, Niyama, Asana, Pranayama, Pratiyakaram, Dharana, Meditation, and Samadhi, can be obtained through proper practice of

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A, Mahalakshmi, and Tamilarasi N. "Thirupperur Patteesar Kannadividu thoodhu shows the ethics of life." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-15 (2022): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1515.

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Tamil is a language that has enriched itself by giving room to new literary genres and forms. Literature is the record of time. They also serve as historical evidence to reveal the time of their creation. Tholkappiyam, the first book in Tamil, contains small literary elements. After that, the development of small literature reached a high level in Sangam literature and especially in the period of devotional literature hero in time Trivia appeared in abundance. Those created with deities, rich people and people as their leaders, reduced in size and filled with imagination, were called small lit

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M, Mohanalakshmi. "The Edited books in Multidimensional approaches of C.W. Thamotharam Pillai." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, SPL 2 (2022): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s220.

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C.W. Thamotharam Pillai has got an important place among the Tamil Scholars of Jaffna. He became the forerunner in the field of editing and printing earlier literatures. He has been the first to edit and publish Tholkappiyam, the earliest Tamil grammar of Tamil language and kalitthokai, a representative of sangam literatures. Thus, he has been considered as the model for the followers. Not only he has been considered significantly as an editor, but as a scholar of multidimensional contributer also. His contributions as an editor, a creative writer, the first editor of a daily, a person with so

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Suganthi.S and R. Kannan. "Akrinai first names in the Thirukkural." PULAM : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TAMILOLOGY STUDIES 5, no. 2 (2025): 24–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15309062.

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The Thirukkural contains ideas that are relevant to the present day. Numerous studies are being conducted on the Thirukkural. The moral values it provides are famous worldwide. The Sangam period identified human life by emphasizing nature. The characteristics of natural objects penetrating human feelings and being in harmony with it can be seen in these literatures. It is seen that the human being, who is identified as the supreme being, lives a life in harmony with the divine, through commentary and directly. In this way, it can be seen that the divine beings found in the Sangam songs are ide

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L.Nithiyadevi. "Tholvanappu in Arruppadai Texts." PULAM:INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TAMILOLOGY STUDIES 2, no. 2 (2022): 9–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6536489.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> The eighth and tenth Sangam literatures are the classic literatures that tell the life ethic of the ancient Tamil people.  Of these, five are considered to be the foremost of the ten texts.  These Theatrical texts carry many pleasant ideas in long steps.  Tolkappiyar refers to these types of songs as a kind of Thol Vanappu in the number Vanappu.  The Thol Vanappu is the singing of long beats of ideas that you want to say with sweet-sounding words. Thus, this article is set to explore the structure and specialties of Thol Vanappu songs featured in A

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Dr, P. Manikandan. "Aatruppadai and Tamil Society." PULAM : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TAMILOLOGY STUDIES 4, no. 1 (2024): 7–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544610.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> Tamil literatures are the historical repository of the lifestyle of ancient Tamil people. In the world of Tamil literature, travel writing has been so popular that compilers of the day included them in their anthologies, Sangam poetry includes a genre known as Aartrupadai, songs in which the persona is a traveler form the past guiding a traveler in the present. He narrates his experience of meeting a benefactor in a foreign land and gives him and his companions many gifts. Five long Sangam poems use this literary technique, one about a pilgrimage to the Muruga temples

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J, Valli. "A Research on Sevvel Murugan’s Courage and Thiruseeralaivaai Origin through Paripadal - Based on the Historical Perspective of Human Civilization." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, no. 2 (2022): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22218.

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Tamil one of the oldest languages in the world. Sangam literatures, the oldest literature available in Tamil, which contains the collection of poems of Eighteen books called Ettuthogai and patthu paattu. Paripaadal was one of the book in Ettuthogai which having poems on Lord Murugan. In Tamilnadu, Lord murugan having six Holy places which called Arupadai veedu. A lot of Tamil literature has sung exclusively about Murugan's Arupadai veedu. Thiru seeralaivaai is one of the holy place of Lord Murugan. The 5 th poem of the Paripaadal, explaining the Sevvel Murugan’s courage and Origin of Thiruse

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K.S, Anbukala. "Biological Systems of Exposed Fishing Communities in Thuraivan Novel." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-5 (2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s53.

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All literature that is visualized from the sangam period till the modern period, is centered and reflection of human life. Tamil landscape (Ainthinaai pagupadu) is divided into five thinai. Among the divisions sea and sea related land called neithal is unique among the literatures. Novel literature tells about the human life and their culture. Thuraivan novel written by Christoper Anthony depicts the life of the fisherman. In this novel we will look at the lifestyle, culture, history, language style, fishing methods and beliefs of the fishing community. Christoper Anthony is from a fisherman c

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Chandrasekaran, M., and U. Alibava. "Vinaingnar in Perumpaanaatruppadai." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 6, no. 3 (2022): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v6i3.4619.

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Classical Literatures resembles the ancient Tamil social system. Although the ‘sangam period was a golden age’ with the terrestrial system of Kurinchi, mullai, marutham and neythal, the rich, the poor, the landlords and the landless lived in that period. The land owners were economically prosperous and the landless were unwealthy and employer for the landlords. The classical songs show that this difference is abundant in the affluent wetland community. One of the Classical song Perumpaanaatruppadai features news about a worker (Vinaingnar) who lives and works with landowners for the most part.

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A, Thamayanthi. "Virtues in Kurunthogai." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-19 (2022): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1950.

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Ancient Tamil people excelled both in love and heroism. Sangam literatures explains the life style of ancient Tamil people. Ancient Tamils divided their life into Agam and Puram. The love life between a man and his wife is called Agam. All other things except love making is called Puram. The life of an ancient Tamil people is based on moral values and they follow it in their life. Overall, the article highlights the ethics and virtues in Kurunthogai and about the pre-marital and post-marital love life of an individual.

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Dr., T. Athithan. "Paper Manuscript in Early Aganaanooru Edition History." Maayan International Journal of Tamil Research (MIJTR) 3, no. 1 (2023): 113–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7768942.

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Historical evidences include inscriptions, copper plates, coins, palm leaf manuscripts and paper manuscripts. Many literary, grammatical, mathematical, medical, astronomical and historical works handed down to us by our forefathers are also present in paper trails. These are also primary sources of evidence in the field. In that sense, the role of paper traces is also primary in the edition history of Aganaanooru, one of the Sangam literatures. Considering the scope of the research, this article examines the editions that came before 1940 and highlights the utility of paper manuscripts in them

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ஷா., முஹம்மது அஸ்ரின் /. S. Mohamed Azrin. "பழந்தமிழ் நாட்டில் பண்டமாற்று முறை வணிகம் / Barter System of Trade in Ancient Tamil Nadu". IJTLLS 6, № 1 (2023): 163–79. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8200181.

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<em>The ancient Tamil people classified the lands where they lived into five categories according to their characteristics and nature. They named the mountain region 'Kurinji', the forest region as 'Mullai', the field region as 'Marutham', the sea region as 'Neithal' and the desert region as 'Palai'. Apart from the desert region, the other four regions are endowed with natural resources to carry out business activities. It can be known through Sangam's literary songs that the ancient Tamil people have been making use of these natural resources proper

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Pushpavalli, P. "'Nilam Poothu Malarntha Nal' Naavalil Arasa Vazhvum Paanar Edapeyarchiyum." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 7, no. 1 (2022): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v7i1.5091.

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The man who lived a nomadic life in the early days of the world established his abode in rich areas and established a stable life. Through his exchange of thoughts and ideas many literatures appeared in the settled areas. Literary exchanges took place in Tamil and Malayalam, which are considered to be the twin children of the Dravidian languages. In that way, there has been a need to explore the displacement elements of Panar and Pulavar life through Manojkurur’s Nilam Poothu Malarntha Naal, a novel written in Malayalam in modern times, focusing on Sangam literature which proclaims the antiqui

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K, Latha, and Shanthi G. "Biographical Thoughts of Pattinapalai." Indian Journal of Tamil 3, no. 1 (2022): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54392/ijot2212.

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Pattinapalai is one of the literatures that testifies to the life lived by the ancient Tamil people. This book is composed by the poet Uruthirakannanar. The specialty of the ancient Chola country, its wealth, the heroic deeds of Charikalan and the way of life of the people are highlighted. The song is set at 301 feet. Pattinapalai is the epitome of the charcoal Chola specialty of Kavirippoompattinam. Sangam literature holds a unique place in the creative context of Tamil literary history. The Sangakkala people can be discriminated against as natural morality because they lived with natural mor

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முனைவர், செ. ஜகந்நாத் /. Dr. S. Jegannath. "பழந்தமிழ் இலக்கியங்கள் சுட்டும் திவ்ய தேசங்கள் / Divya Desams as Portrayed in Ancient Tamil Literatures". PTJTS 4, № 1 (2024): 31–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10586736.

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 <em>The Sangam Literary texts and the earlier epic texts play a major role in knowing the ancient history of Tamil Nadu. They give evidence for the practice of temple worship. Tirumal, who was referred to as the God of Mullai land deity in “Tholkappiyam”, was worshipped by the people all over the Tamil land which can be proved with the references of ancient Tamil literary texts.</em><em> During the period of Bhakti Illakiyam, Azhwars did Mangalasasanam at Divya Desams through which the glory of these temples was spread. However, before their reign temples such as Thiruvaranga

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த., திலகவதி /. T. Thilagavathi. "குறுந்தொகையில் சுற்றுச்சூழல் நுண்ணறிவு / Environmental Intelligence in Kurunthogai". IJTLLS 6, № 1 (2023): 133–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10122325.

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<i>Sangam literary works are self-explanatory of nature and Tamil culture. Ecology is about explaining the relationship between human society and nature. The basic premise is that human society and culture emerge in a particular natural environment as products or outcomes of adaptation. It is a tradition for man to associate the environment within his geographical boundaries with his social life. Biodiversity and conservation are vital for natural environments. It is noteworthy that ecologists are discussing and talking about the disasters that occur in the world in a modern way in modern soci

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Shobana, H., and L. Salini. "Kurunthogai Leader and Sigmund Freud’s Theory." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 5, no. 4 (2021): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v5i4.3869.

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All the ancient Tamil poets of the ancient time were intrigued by the nature of the world without compromising on it. They were amazed at the beauty of the world. Instead of distorting the nature of the world in a way that suited their mental state, they enjoyed expanding and explaining their memory to suit their knowledge through the beauty of the worldly nature. Thus it is the Sangam literatures that add pride to Tamil literature. One of those descriptions is that the hero of Kurunthogai and it explains his feelings. The mental unity of the lovers is the lifeblood of the Agathinai. If the st

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முனைவர், வீ. கவிதா /. Dr. V. Kavitha. "புறநானூற்றில் கலாச்சாரப் பதிவுகள் / Cultural Records in Purananooru". IJTLLS 7, SPL 2 (2025): 148–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15549916.

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<em>Literature is doing a great job of refining humanity. It indeed reveals the personality, emotions and noble thoughts of a man. A literary work that originated in that country presents the antiquity, culture and ability of a country to the world. “Ettuthogai” (eight Collections) and Pattuppattu (Ten Idylls) are praised for their excellent literary exposition. These literary works develop the characters with keen study and portray the love and bravery of the Tamil people. These virtues are projected as two eyes of a human. These literatures explain the lives of the Tamils who liv

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S, Stalin. "Emerging Religious Trends through the Ages." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, S-1 (2021): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21s15.

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All religious movement have become a social movement in the country. These movements play a major role in monarchy to democracy. Religion had major impacts on the community. These permeate into the literature and shows its reflection in the community. Religions get progressed and travels parallel through the literature and its transformation. Similarly, the purpose of the religious literature has been changed through times. Doctrines, rites of worship, existence of tradition are seen common in all religions. But some religious literatures have sung to inimical of other religions. It is necessa

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Dr., S. R. Chithra. "புறநானூற்றிலும் திருக்குறளிலும் பெண்கள் / Women's in Purananooru and Thirukkural". Pandian Journal of Women's Studies 5, SPL 1 (1) (2025): 164–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14744718.

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<em>Among the works of the Sangam era, “Purananooru” is the book in which most of the stories about Puram life (External life) are found.  The women mentioned in this works are very heroic. They are more concerned about raising their children to be exemplary in bravery rather than just having them. They gave importance to chastity.</em> <em>Thiruvalluvar has pointed out the importance of women's chastity and progeny in his “Thirukkural”. The women of ancient Tamil Nadu are special. In the Sangam period, Purananooru, and later Thirukkural, a book of ethics speak of

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Dr., R. Meena. "உமா மகேஸ்வரியின் யாரும் யாருடனும் இல்லை நாவலில் பெண்களின் வாழ்வியல் / Life of Women in Uma Maheswari's Novel YarumYarudanum Illai". Pandian Journal of Women's Studies 5, SPL 1 (2) (2025): 341–49. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14752476.

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<em>The changes in the behaviour of an individual would naturally affect him, his family, and the society. Literature deals with these in different forms and different meanings. From the Sangam period to the present, all literature has been actively involved in revealing the inner self of the individual. The passing away of the old and the introduction of the new are not new to Tamil literature. The Tamil people enriched their lives by listening to traditional songs and stories. Today’s literary works are the result of their desire for the change of their taste. Narrative literatures sta

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B, Agathiyabala, and Saravanan K. "Moral Principles for Human in Purananuru." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-19 (2022): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1918.

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If the human beings want to live well then it is necessary for him/her to have moral sense and moral principles in his mind. The songs composed in Purananuru considered the theory and feeling as the raw material for these, even though they inherited love, domesticity, and heroism. Among the many books of the Sangam literatures, it is an acclaimed book read by many people. The Tamil and Dravidian movements that emerged in the twentieth century were able to build their identities through classical literature. Tamil people thought that if they want to lead a better life then they must have strong

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C, Keerthana. "Realism in Aagayathuku Adutha Veedu Poem Collection." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-7 (2022): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s719.

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Among the languages that have survived the flood of time, Tamil is a language that is alive and well. There are thousands of literatures and grammar in the Tamil language that deal with humanities. Various works are published in the world of literature from Sangam literature to contemporary literature. Literature of various kinds reflects the life of human society. The creativity and personality of the creators are evident in the work. A community is an area where people live together. The current trend is to highlight the hardships and injustices caused to the people who live and work in soci

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K, Hemalatha. "Astronomical Knowledge of Sangam Tamils through Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-6 (2022): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s619.

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The ancient Tamils were the ones who closely observed the astronomical events and changes occurring in the sky every day and told the world the thoughts related to astronomy. Names like Kanyan Poongunranar, Kanimethaviyar, Pakkudukkai Nakkaniyar etc. are proof that there were many people who excelled in the field of astronomy in Tamil Nadu. Astronomer Sylator has said that Tamil's system of celestial arithmetic is the most moderate of all the mathematics involved. The history of the past reveals that the Tamil race has been deeply entrenched in scientific spirit and thought since ancient times

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V, Gajendran. "Ilaiani in Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, SPL 1 (2022): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s127.

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Did the term ilaiyani found in Sangam literature refer to the dimly lit Thali? Is the study. Sangam Literature Thali is a type of necklace worn by men, i.e. a necklace made of leopard skin. Sangam literature included singing and sum. The Sangam period was able to describe the living conditions of the people. They bear witness to the fact that the people of the Sangam period lived a pure civilized life. Most of the time, the leader has been living in the house with the consent of the leader. However, do they wear female thali during marriage? Have you studied their direct rhetoric? Is set to ra

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A, Ramya. "Virtues in Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-19 (2022): 416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1963.

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Virtue is derived conceptually and is changeable according to the change of time. Moral values are different for man who lived as an ethnic group and for an individualistic society. This article shows up how the virtues mentioned in Sangam literary songs new shape for the sake of necessity. A materialistic society constructs virtue according to the occupation, materials, eligibility etc. A man accepts and reject a thing based on his knowledge of virtue. In the struggle for life, the commonality has been distorted based on the ideas of labor and surplus. This article describes the virtues of wa

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Thangamari, Sudalai. "Games in Sangam Literature." MUTHTHARASI – Art Literary Culture Tamil Journal II, no. 1 (2024): 5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12773630.

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Hunting with animals and handling weapons may have led to sport among the Sangam people in tribal societies. The people of the Sangam period considered sports to be mostly a social activity. Team sports and athletic sports can be considered social activities as they are played in front of everyone and in the middle of the field. Sports in general can be said to be “a training ground for life”1. Also, the scholars say that the game is “the game that is desired”2 “the game that gives pleasure”3 “the game that results in the rules”4; Explained.It se

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Iyyappan, K. "Concubine in Sangam Literature." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 9, no. 4 (2025): 19–27. https://doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v9i4.9013.

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We know from the Tolkappiyam”s Concubine that in ancient society, the hero had relations with a woman other than his wife, the Concubine (Asainayaki). The Tolkappiyam”s Poruliyal 172-th verse explains that a concubine and a hero have all the duties and rights that a concubine can have. People like Ilparathai, Kamakkizhathi and Kadarparathai are chaste. They do not indulge in pleasure with any man except a hero. They are now given the names of Aasinayagi, Chinnaveedu, Vaipatti, and Koothi. Sangam literature also shows the prostitutes, i.e., the prostitutes, as another category. Moreover, Concub

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V, Rasambal. "The Generosity of the Seven Donors and the Sirupanatruppadai." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, SPL 2 (2022): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s219.

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Literary histories refer to Sangam literatures as song and sum. They are Eighteen Greater Texts they relate human life to archeology, kings, civilians, and nature on the basis of the department into two categories, internal and external. Comfort is about finding the leader who gives the gift and comforting the person receiving the gift. One of the recipients of the Oymanattu Nalliyak Kodan Fame Award, a poet who came to Kurinjik Koman to see Nalliyak Kodan, had to cross the weaving land Ail Pattinam, Mullai land and the mangrove towns to recount these four land features. And the fact that they

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T., Dr Geethanjali. "Physics Concepts in Sangam Literature." Journal of Tamil Peraivu 9, no. 2 (2020): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jtp.vol9no2.8.

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M, Saravanan. "Clinical Properties in Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-6 (2022): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s617.

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The people of the Sangam period lived a high life in harmony with nature. Sangam literature and other literature conveyed to the world that they excelled in various fields like geology, astronomy, medicine, etc. Living in harmony with nature in all stages of their lives, the Tamils used the types of plants like trees, plants, and vines and their parts to make their lives better. The same has been shown in literature as parables, metaphors, and symbols. The ancient Tamils lived dividing medicine as health medicine and psychiatry. It can be known through the literature that medicine for physical

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C, Parameswari. "Prosperity Worship in Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-6 (2022): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s68.

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Worship forms the basis of the beliefs that guide human life. In this way, they sprinkled paddy and worshipped the deity so that the intended action would result in good deeds. When the souls of the heroic deaths on the battlefield emerged as a creative power as well as a destructive power, they worshipped monumental stone by sacrificing toddy to gain creative power and a lamb to protect themselves from destruction. There was also a belief that one could get what one wanted by worshipping the monumental stone. In order to get rid of the disease, they performed a ritual and worshipped God Murug

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