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Journal articles on the topic 'Sanitary installation'
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1
Rodriguez, Jean‐Jacques. "Phonic deadening device for conduit of sanitary installation." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 84, no. 5 (November 1988): 1961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.397139.
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Roszkowska-Hołysz, Dorota. "The Accounts Receivable Management in Commercial Enterprises of the Installation and Heating Industry." Management 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/manment-2013-0063.
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Summary The Accounts Receivable Management in Commercial Enterprises of the Installation and Heating Industry The article presents the issues of managing current assets in trade enterprises on the market of sanitary and heating devices and installations. It is a capital intensive activity and the current assets being receivables are characterized by a high risk level. Distributors finance executing companies, which commonly use trade credit.
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Bezerra, Paulo Eduardo Silva, Ádanna De Souza Andrade, and Milena Marília Nogueira de Andrade. "Mapping of potential areas for landfill installation in the Metropolitan Region of Belém." Ciência e Natura 42 (September 3, 2020): e45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x41186.
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The production of solid waste in Brazil has increased considerably, with the creation of a great number of dumps. Several socio-environmental impacts results from this inadequate disposal. The present work had the objective to evaluate, based on environmental, economic and social criteria, possible favorable areas for the installation of a sanitary landfill in the Metropolitan Region of Belém (MRB), state of Pará. To this end, data were processed using a Geographic Information System (GIS). A map with potential areas for landfill installation in the MRB was created, based on the criteria and weights assigned to each variable through map algebra methods. The results showed four areas in the municipality of Santa Bárbara and Santa Izabel as favorable for installation of the project, with characteristics that meet the criteria established in legislation (NBR 13896/1997).
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Quiroga, Cesar, David Ford, Timothy Taylor, Stanley Kranc, and Edgar Kraus. "Construction Specification Framework for Utility Installations." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2060, no. 1 (January 2008): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2060-18.
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Utility accommodation policies nationwide contain requirements for the accommodation, location, installation, relocation, and maintenance of utility facilities on the state right-of-way. The policies normally cover basic requirements, making it necessary to use additional specifications and special provisions to handle situations not covered by the policies. Frequently, because of the lack of standard utility installation construction specifications at transportation agencies, many different versions of special specifications and special provisions exist. Closely related to the need to standardize construction specifications for utility installations is the need to standardize methodologies and procedures for determining the cost of utility relocation. This lack of standardization translates into difficulties such as how to verify the validity of the cost data submitted for reimbursement and how to prepare adequately for audits and other internal and external inquiries. This paper summarizes the work completed to develop a prototype framework of construction specification requirements for utility installations, with a focus on water, sanitary sewer, and communication specifications. The specification framework includes five groups of specifications: earth work, pipes and boxes, appurtenances, other, and general (including specifications such as mobilization and traffic control, which highway construction contracts typically include but are also relevant to the utility relocation process). The framework uses tables that summarize the main characteristics of proposed new and modified standard specifications and includes a listing of pay items, subsidiary items, and corresponding measurement units. The framework also includes specification requirements.
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Marzon, Marzon, Mukhlis Islam, and Elhusna Elhusna. "ANALISIS PENAMPANG KOLOM BETON BERTULANG PERSEGI PANJANG BERLUBANG." Inersia, Jurnal Teknik Sipil 10, no. 2 (January 29, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/ijts.10.2.1-12.
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Installation of pipes (conduit) in the building columns often found in reinforced concrete structures. The installation of pipes inside the columns is utilized as sanitary and mechanical electrical pipes. The case research in this study is to analyze the rectangular column with the applied research type (applied/pratical research). This research aims to analyze the impact of the holes on square rectangular columns. This calculation consists of 675 samples with differentconcrete compression strength (f'c), reinforcement area, holes area, and the dimensions of the column. Analysis of the calculation of hollow rectangular columns using the stress-strain relationship equation developed by Hognestaad. The results of the analysis on hollow rectangular columns resulted in a decrease column capacity. The largest decrease of the rectangular column capacity occurred on holes area of 7%, with concrete compression strength 30 MPa, and dimensions of the column 450 x 1800 mm which is 16.97%.
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Rey Rey, Daniel, Manuel Alejandro Miguez Ruanova, Francisco Manuel León Mayo, Iago Fernández Otero, Vicente Gándara Villadoniga, and A. López Agüera. "Solar mixed thermal and photovoltaic installation for an infantile educational-sanitary lodging in Senkata-El Alto (BOLIVIA)." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 1, no. 07 (April 2009): 548–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj07.419.
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SHUVALOV, Mikhail V. "DIALECTICS OF THE TOTALITY OF THEORETICAL, METHODOLOGICAL AND NORMATIVE PROVISIONS APPLIED FOR THE DESIGN OF THE SETTLEMENTS SEWAGE SYSTEM." Urban construction and architecture 8, no. 2 (June 15, 2018): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2018.02.6.
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On the base of the system analysis of technical literature and regulatory documentation on the sewerage of sett lements and industrial enterprises it is established that in the history of the development of sanitary equipment for the period from the middle of the 19th century onwards up to the present time it is possible to roughly distinguish fi ve stages diff ering from each other in that for a certain period of time in developed countries a certain system of theoretical and normative provisions on the collection, removal and disposal of sewage water dominated. In the fi rst quarter of the XX century the generally accepted paradigm is the method of sewerage of sett lements by a centralized scheme with the installation of communal sewage treatment plants by a biological method. At the beginning of the XXI century there is a paradigm shift in the collection, management and purifi cation of domestic wastewater due to the resumption of search for resource-saving technologies that reduce the emission of pollutants into the environment through the introduction of technological solutions for the separation of domestic (sanitary) wastewater into separate fl ows for the purpose production from waste water components of secondary products. In the short term, after the development and approval of normative documents regulating the basic sanitary rules and technological norms for the introduction of advanced modifi ed technologies for the separation of human excrement and household wastewater with the purpose of separate treatment with the disposal of sewage components, a gradual transition from a centralized to a decentralized separate sewerage system will be carried out domestic and sanitary sewage.
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SUDO, Mine, Akira TAKAKUSAGI, and Toshiaki CHIGIRA. "STUDY ON FAILURES AND TROUBLES ABOUT AIR-CONDITIONING AND SANITARY INSTALLATION IN HOSPITAL FACILITY BASED ON MAINTENANCE RECORDS." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 78, no. 690 (2013): 1837–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.78.1837.
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Zverev, A. Yu, S. V. Borisevich, N. Ya Chepurenkov, D. N. Masyakin, E. A. Kovalchuk, V. A. Bykov, V. V. Trufanova, et al. "Virucidal activity of pulsed ultraviolet radiation of continuous spectrum against SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus." Medical alphabet, no. 18 (September 24, 2020): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2020-18-55-58.
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The effect of pulsed ultraviolet (UV) radiation of a continuous spectrum on the inactivation of the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus on metal surfaces was studied. The ability of generators of pulsed UV radiation of a continuous spectrum to completely inactivate the causative agent of COVID-19 within 3 minutes (Alpha-06) and 6 minutes and 45 seconds (Alpha-09) of the installation was confirmed. It has been shown that the use of high-intensity pulsed UV radiation of a continuous spectrum in the general complex of sanitary and hygienic measures for a long time (5 months) allows the personnel of medical organizations, in particular, employees of the laboratory PCR centre, to be protected from the disease of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19.
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Nader Manrique, Carlos Alberto, Alex Leandro Perez Perez, Camilo Andres Cifuentes Quin, and Helmut Geofre Ramos Calonge. "Portable Epidemiological Isolation Unit. Ephemeral Architecture for Covid-19 Emergency." Strategic Design Research Journal 13, no. 3 (December 23, 2020): 401–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4013/sdrj.2020.133.09.
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In response to the COVID-19 global pandemic, the Colombian Ministry of Science and Technology launched the call for research proposals MinCienciatón. The call invited researchers in different fields, including epidemiology and biomedical design, to present solutions that help mitigate the health emergency produced by the fast spread of the virus worldwide. Among other subjects of interest, the call encouraged researchers to present ideas for the isolation of infected patients and the protection of medical staff. In this context, the LAB[1] was selected to design and produce a Portable Epidemiological Isolation Unit. Product of the laboratory’s research in polyhedral geometry and ephemeral architecture, we designed a pneumatic structure which permits the treatment of infected patients in aseptic and well ventilated spaces – as well as the isolation of medical staff and equipment. In the event that the health system becomes saturated, the Portable Epidemiological Isolation Unit will allow the sanitary authorities to expand its hospital capacity when needed. It will also permit the installation of field hospitals in isolated areas of the national territory that do not count with the necessary infrastructure to cope with the sanitary crisis. [1] In compliance with the blind evaluation policy of the journal, this proposal does not mention the name of the laboratory in question nor its institutional bond.
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Araujo, Eduardo Fontes, Aldo Luiz Mauri, Roberto Fontes Araujo, Hugo Tiago Ribeiro Amaro, Derly José Henriques da Silva, and Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos Dias. "Physiological and sanitary quality of organic tomato seeds treated with clove basil extracts." Comunicata Scientiae 9, no. 1 (July 16, 2018): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v9i1.913.
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The seed treatment provides disease control before the crop installation, minimizing the pathogens control cost. However, there are few seed treatment alternatives to organic farming. In this sense, the objective of the study was to evaluate the physiological and sanitary quality of organic tomato seeds treated with clove basil extract. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with a 2x5 factorial (extract concentrations x imbibition periods) for each seed lot. Six lots of tomato seeds produced under organic cultivation were used. The samples of the lots were stored in glass pots in a cold room at 16 ºC and 80% of relative humidity for 12 months. Seeds were treated with clove basil extract at concentrations of 5 and 10% for 0; 2.5; 5; 7.5 and 10 minutes. The seeds physiological and health quality were evaluated by the following tests: moisture content, germination, first count of germination, seedling emergence, emergence speed index and seed health. In general, the wild basil extract does not affect the physiological quality of tomato seeds. There were inhibitory and antifungal activity of Aspergillus sp. using basil extract, significantly reducing their impact on the seeds, for all evaluated factors. It was concluded that the clove basil extract inhibit the Aspergillus sp. incidence in organic tomato seeds, maintaining its physiological quality.
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Pitak, Inna, Serhii Briankin, Oleg Pitak, and Valery Shaporev. "ANALYSIS OF THE SANITARY PURIFICATION OF GAS EMISSIONS FROM DUST IN THE LIME MANUFACTURE." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 5 (September 29, 2017): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2017.00435.
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Experimental studies have been carried out to study the effect of the location of the blade vortex from the end of the flue (the flow outflow from the flue to the separation chamber) by the value Vjmax and the determination of the optimum cross section where Vjmax is reached, and also the study of the influence of structural changes on the purification efficiency. The dependence of this swirler on the value of the tangential velocity of the gas flow at its exit from the separator is established. The cross-sections of the flue duct in which, after the swirler, the maximum values Vj, Vr are reached, the features of the dust-gas flow in the studied sections are considered. Based on the studies of the hydrodynamic situation during the flow of a rotating flow in the flue after the swirler, the possibilities of agglomeration of dust particles in the investigated zones, as well as the destruction of NOx gas impurities, are analyzed. During the operation of the reconstructed vortex dust collector, qualitative indices are attained, which confirm the expediency of the conducted studies and the expediency of reconstructing the vortex apparatus. It is proved that the installation of the blade vortex enhances the purification efficiency of the dust-gas flow in a vortex dust collector and will allow for a comprehensive purification of the exhaust gases.
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Niewitecka, Kaja. "Possibilities of heat energy recovery from greywater systems." E3S Web of Conferences 30 (2018): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183003003.
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Waste water contains a large amount of heat energy which is irretrievably lost, so it is worth thinking about the possibilities of its recovery. It is estimated that in a residential building with full sanitary fittings, about 70% of the total tap water supplied is discharged as greywater and could be reused. The subject of the work is the opportunity to reuse waste water as an alternative source of heat for buildings. For this purpose, the design of heat exchangers used in the process of greywater heat recovery in indoor sewage systems, public buildings as well as in industrial plants has been reviewed. The possibility of recovering heat from waste water transported in outdoor sewage systems was also taken into consideration. An exemplary waste water heat recovery system was proposed, and the amount of heat that could be obtained using a greywater heat recovery system in a residential building was presented. The work shows that greywater heat recovery systems allow for significant savings in preheating hot tap water, and the rate of cost reimbursement depends on the purpose of the building and the type of installation. At the same time, the work shows that one should adjust the construction solutions of heat exchangers and indoor installations in buildings to the quality of the medium flowing, which is greywater.
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Sunar, N. M., A. T. Kosat, H. Harun, N. H. A. Hamid, A. Khalid, E. Zaidi, and A. T. S. Azhar. "Development of Smart Kit Rainwater Harvesting System for Potable Water Purpose." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.30 (November 30, 2018): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.30.22304.
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The Smart Kit Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) system has the potential to contribute to the conservation of clean water usage. The aim of this study is to build an affordable rainwater storage system for all type houses with easy installation and friendly user. The current constraints on the installation of rainwater storage system in the market requires a fairly expensive cost, and skilled technical workers to install it. In contrast, the Smart Kit RWH, is friendly built in a complete set that is easy to install and easy to maintain by homeowners. This system is very suitable for the use in agriculture and farming. This Smart Kit RWH consist of water storage tank, existing gutter and main pipe, first flush diverter and some connector pipe to create this complete system. This product is limited to storing untreated rain water quality, and the quality of rainwater collected can be used as water storage for household and sanitary equipment such as flushing cistern and other potable water usage. Nevertheless, this contributes to the good and the benefits of individuals, communities and nations. This product able to help the rural population in particular of having problems in getting clean water. Hopefully, with the production of this system, it can foster the public's awareness of the advantages and benefits of installing rainwater storage systems at home, plantation and farming.
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Tyrin, V. G., G. A. Mysova, K. N. Biryukov, N. N. Potemkina, O. I. Kochish, A. Yu Sakharov, P. N. Vinogradov, and I. Ye Gumovsky. "JUSTIFICATION OF DESTRUCTION MODES OF ORGANIC LIVESTOCK AT THERMAL DRYING IN VACUUM." Problems of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology 1, no. 1 (2019): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.san.hyg.ecol.201901011.
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The article scientifically substantiates the modes of disinfection of organic waste on the basis of litter in the thermal method of their processing in vacuum. Experiments on the determination of the modes of disinfection of organic animal waste during their thermal processing method were carried out in a drying chamber Vacuum EcoDry loaded with prepared initial organic substrate into which test objects contaminated with suspensions of various groups of microorganisms: E. coli, S. aureus – 209 P, an atypical strain of mycobacteria B-5 and B. cereus. The results were evaluated by the survival of the test cultures after vacuum heat treatment (drying) of organic waste. Disinfection of organic animal waste during the technological process of vacuum drying is achieved at an installation temperature of 75 °C and more, at humidity of 75-80 mm Hg, an exposure of at least 50 minutes and allows you to get safe in the sanitary relation of the product of their processing.
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Nasution, Amrun, and Mukhlis Islam. "ANALISIS KOLOM BETON BERTULANG PADA PENAMPANG PERSEGI BERLUBANG." Inersia, Jurnal Teknik Sipil 11, no. 1 (September 14, 2019): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/ijts.11.1.19-26.
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Installation of the pipe in the column (conduit) such as electrical and sanitary plumbing installations are found in the structure of reinforced concrete columns. This causes it to be a hollow column. The existence of holes cause a reduction in cross sectional area of the column and can result in reduced strength of a column. The purpose of this study was to know the power difference hollow concrete columns with concrete columns are not hollow and produce an analysis of the interaction in the form graphics axial force (Pn) and nominal torque (Mn). The analytical method developed by using square column spread sheet applications and use the stress-strain relationship hognestad. Analysis of the hollow square column in this study as many as 720 samples. This study used 300x300-600x600 mm dimensions with an increase of 100 mm. Quality concrete (f'c) used was 25-30 MPa to 2.5 MPa rise. Quality reinforcement (fy) used was 400 MPa and the ratio of the reinforcement taken from 1% -8% with an increase of 2% of the cross sectional area of the column, with the amount of reinforcement as much as 12-20 pieces of reinforcement to rise 4 pieces. Widely used hole that is 3% -7%, with an increase of 1%. The analysis showed a decrease in Pn-Mn hollow column to column was not perforated. The decrease Pn maximum of 7.20% in the area of hole 7% by eccentricity to d amounting to 8.01% and the maximum Mn decrease of 10.91% in the area of hole 7% by eccentricity to d amounting to 20.51%.
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Qerimi, Drita, Cvete Dimitrieska, Sanja Vasilevska, and Arlinda Alimehaj Rrecaj. "Modeling of the Solar Thermal Energy Use in Urban Areas." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 1349–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091553.
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Most of the generated electricity in Kosovo is produced from fossil fuel, a part of the energy comes from the import, while participation of renewable resources is symbolic, and a bias between the grid extension and the load of power generated sometimes results in shortage of electricity and thus frequent power cuts. The use of renewable energy and particularly the solar thermal energy represents one of the most promising alternative strategies. In Kosovo, the global horizontal radiation ranges from 1241 kWh/m2 per year in Shterpce to 1461 kWh/m2 per year in Gjakova, while the average for Kosovo can be estimated at 1351 kWh/m2 per year. The average sun duration for the city of Pristine is 5.44 h, while the average horizontal irradiation is 3.79 kWh/m² per day. Participation of energy consumption in household is still dominant - about 41.4% of the total consumption in Kosovo, 15% of this energy is used for domestic hot water. This energy demand can be lowered significantly by using improved building construction techniques and utilization of RES-s, especially solar thermal. The first step is to map the city in different areas to locate suitable locations for the installation of solar collectors serving sanitary hot water. The demand for sanitary hot water varies from object to object, this variation depends on whether the building is individual or collective, school institutions or religious buildings, for this reason the classification of buildings was done according to the request for sanitary hot water. After that the demand for sanitary hot water is calculated for several different institutions: Residential houses, Dormitories and Hospitals. For all of the above-mentioned cases the data for: solar fraction, solar contribution, CO2 avoided, collector temperature, financial analysis etc. are gained using the TSOL 2018 software. To evaluate the active energy for a time period, the daily, monthly and annual performance for three systems which are located in University Clinical Center of Pristine, Kosovo have been analyzed. In addition the results of the mathematical model, simulation and measured solar energy contribution for solar station in Infective disease clinic have been compared. In this paper, a proposal for replacing the conventional water heaters with the domestic solar water heaters (DSWH) is made. A case study for 38289 Residential households in Pristine has been selected. The initial cost of the solar water heater for the city is 60113730 €. The system saves 7274910 € annually and reduced C𝑂2 emission by 22973400 kg. The results from the paper show that the DSWH is economically feasible in Pristine and can result in fuel saving and CO2 emission reduction.
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de Carvalho, José Roberto Santo, Julio Luz, Sylvana Melo Santos, and Sávia Gavazza. "A PVC-pipe device as a sanitary barrier for improving rainwater quality for drinking purposes in the Brazilian semiarid region." Journal of Water and Health 16, no. 3 (February 12, 2018): 391–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2018.208.
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Abstract We evaluate the behavior of a device designed to automatically divert and store the first flush of harvested rainwater in cisterns. The first phase (PI) was conducted with artificial precipitation in an experimental installation seeking to identify how many millimeters of rainwater should be diverted to preserve the rainwater quality. In the second phase (PII), we designed a PVC-pipe device to store the first millimeter of rainwater, and tested it in field (a rural area in Brazil) during two real rainfall events. In the third phase (PIII), the device and a hand pump were assayed for two years using eight cisterns in a rural area where people drink the rainwater. PI results indicated that the most significant pollution of the rainwater is flushed with the first millimeter of rain, and diversion promoted the removal of 98% and 100% of the total coliforms and Escherichia coli, respectively. The bacteriological behavior was maintained in the subsequent phases. The device was able to preserve the quality of the rainwater most of the time, satisfying drinking requirements for the parameters of turbidity and color. The satisfactory performance of the device was confirmed in the field, behaving as a sanitary barrier for rainwater quality protection.
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Koval, N. M. "ECOLOGICAL AND HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF FUNCTIONING OF ENTERPRISES-ECONOMIC ENTITIES IN THE FIELD OF WASTE MANAGEMENT WITH THE USE OF THERMAL METHODS." Hygiene of populated places 2020, no. 70 (December 22, 2020): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32402/hygiene2020.70.065.
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Objective. Sanitary and hygienic assessment of the conditions of safe operation of enterprises using equipment for thermal disposal / waste disposal. Materials and methods. The objects of research were enterprises where waste is subjected to thermal disposal/utilization (location of production facilities – Odessa and Dnipropetrovsk regions). To conduct a sanitary and hygienic assessment of the levels of impact created at the border of the sanitary protection zone (SPZ) of production, the results of instrumental studies of air samples, acoustic measurements, and the results of calculating the scattering of gross pollutant emissions from their emission sources were analyzed. form the total gross emission at the industrial site (research protocols were provided by certified laboratories), as well as regulatory and technical documentation, according to which the company operates. Results. The main processes that determine the hazard class of enterprises are thermal, namely: disposal of hazardous waste at the installation for thermal disposal (utilizer) type UT3000D and processing (utilization) of rubber products by pyrolysis at the unit UE GTV MTD-5/24. The utilizer includes a combustion chamber of exhaust gases at a temperature up to 1300˚C and is equipped with a two-stage system for their purification. Shredded rubber-containing waste is pyrolyzed at a temperature of 450°C without access of oxygen with the formation of secondary waste (carbon residue, metal cord residues, gas fraction, which is burned in the main chamber, furnace fuel), which are transferred to consumers on contractual terms. As in the classification of productions [2] such enterprises are absent, SPZ for the enterprise with the utilizer UT3000D is defined in the size of 500 m by analogy with garbage incineration, for the enterprise where pyrolysis is applied - SPZ is established at the size of 110 m (on the border of the nearest inhabited building). According to the results of field research, no exceedances of the normative indicators were detected for any pollutant at the border of the SPZ. Conclusions. The conditions for the operation of enterprises are not exceeding the hygienic regulations of the permissible content of chemicals in the air of settlements [3] and ensuring the regulatory level of acoustic impact at the SPZ in accordance with the requirements [2,4], compliance with technological regulations on waste management, safety rules and use of overalls, footwear and personal protective equipment when working with hazardous waste, as well as determining the hazard class of secondary waste generated in the process of thermal disposal / utilization.
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Oliveira, Job Teixeira de, Priscila da Silva Maradini, Alisson Carraro Borges, and Ricardo Gava. "VIABILIDADE DA FERTIRRIGAÇÃO POR PIVÔ CENTRAL COM USO DE EFLUENTES TRATADOS EM DIFERENTES NÍVEIS." Nativa 9, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v9i1.10884.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a viabilidade econômica do uso de esgotos sanitários, tratados com diferentes níveis de eficiência, para fertirrigação por pivô central em cultivos de algodão e soja. O estudo foi desenvolvido por meio da simulação e comparação de dois projetos de tratamento de esgoto sanitário a serem instalados na cidade de Correntina (BA). Para os cálculos de viabilidade, utilizou-se a planilha eletrônica AmazonSaf. Foram propostos dois cenários para o tratamento de esgoto para posterior fertirrigação: cenário A (pré-tratamento seguido de lagoa anaeróbia) e cenário B (pré-tratamento seguido de sistema australiano de lagoas e polimento com a ecotecnologia dos wetlands). Observou-se que os custos totais foram maiores no cenário B, devido ao aumento no investimento com o tratamento via wetland. O aumento direto foi de 0,82%, com um período de retorno do investimento de 8,7 anos. Há viabilidade econômica em reutilizar o efluente sanitário tratado do município de Correntina para irrigação de algodão e soja, independentemente do sistema de tratamento a ser adotado, embora a complementação do processo com a instalação do sistema de wetland se faça vantajosa do ponto de vista econômico, ambiental e social. Palavras-chave: análise financeira; economia circular; fertirrigação; reuso; sustentabilidade. Feasibility of central pivot fertirrigation with the use of effluents treated at different levels ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to verify the economic viability of using sanitary sewage, treated with different levels of efficiency, for central pivot fertigation in cotton and soybean crops. The study was developed through the simulation and comparison of two sanitary sewage treatment projects to be installed in the city of Correntina (BA). For feasibility calculations, the AmazonSaf spreadsheet was used. Two scenarios were proposed for the treatment of sewage for subsequent fertigation: scenario A (pre-treatment followed by anaerobic lagoon) and scenario B (pre-treatment followed by Australian pond system and polishing with wetland ecotechnology). It was observed that the total costs were higher in scenario B, due to the increase in investment with wetland treatment. The direct increase was 0.82%, with a payback period of 8.7 years. There is economic viability in reusing the treated sanitary effluent from the municipality of Correntina for irrigation of cotton and soy, regardless of the treatment system to be adopted, although complementing the process with the installation of the wetland system is advantageous from an economic point of view, environmental and social. Keywords: financial analysis; circular economy; fertigation; reuse; sustainability.
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Shashin, A., R. Sheps, A. Seminenko, and V. Minko. "LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION WITH EJECTION OF EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCES AND RECIRCULATION OF PURIFIED AIR." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 6, no. 2 (March 5, 2021): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2021-6-2-28-37.
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Exhaust ventilation systems in industrial enterprises and facilities with the use of harmful substances largely determine the air exchange in the workplace to ensure normalized sanitary and hygienic conditions and operating costs. Local exhaust ventilation of explosive harmful substances is of particular importance for effective air exchange in such rooms, since their localization, suction and transportation are subject to increased requirements. The paper presents the results of analytical and experimental studies of the operation mode of a complex local exhaust device with a gas ejector for extraction explosive harmful chemicals from shelters, ensuring their effective localization, purification and recirculation of air. The boundary conditions and assumptions for calculating the characteristics of the processes of gas flow ejection, purification of technological emissions and recirculation of the purified gas flow, determined on the basis of the analysis of previously performed studies and experimental work, are given. The conditions of rational ratios device settings of extraction of emissions sources of substances that parameters of the ejector and cleaning device emission, which is achieved economic and environmental efficiency of the installation and excludes the volatile situation on the threat of chemical enterprises and objects.
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Rivas, Ronald Alexis, Benicio Grossling, and Pedro Galvan. "PP03 Development Of A Medical Device Maintenance Management System." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 35, S1 (2019): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646231900182x.
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IntroductionHealth technologies are fundamental in an operational health system. Medical devices, in particular, are crucial for disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation. Recognizing this important role of health technologies, the World Health Assembly adopted, in May 2007, resolution WHA60.29, which addresses issues arising from inadequate installation and use of health technologies, as well as the need to formulate national strategies for the implementation of evaluation, planning, procurement and management systems for health technologies, in collaboration with personnel dedicated to the evaluation of health technologies and biomedical engineering. Maintenance management computer systems and software have evolved to help maintain medical equipment and control associated costs. A Computerized Maintenance Management System contains a database about an organization's maintenance operations.MethodsThe pilot study of observational and descriptive design will include all the medical/laboratory equipment that the Research Institute of Health Sciences (IICS) has that meets the inclusion criteria. The work will be carried out at the IICS, which aims to develop a computerized system for the maintenance of equipment that allows the linking of Quick Response (QR) codes to an application (WebApp) by means of cameras in smartphones, able to relate each QR code (attached to a medical/laboratory equipment) to its corresponding URL, and thus able to access all the technical information of each IICS team and therefore monitor their maintenance (preventive, corrective, predictive), history, spare parts, budgets, and technical specifications.ResultsWe have a database of all medical devices installed in the research center; we look forward to developing the program to include the data. The project focuses on the effective tool for decision making regarding the evaluation of the installed sanitary technology and those that will be installed.ConclusionsThe study proposes an effective solution for maintenance management, using data that supports administrative decisions regarding the acquisition of equipment in the future; that is, the system can contribute when it comes to evaluating installed and acquired sanitary technology.
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Kenessariev, Usen I., U. Z. Zinulin, A. E. Yerzhanova, M. K. Amrin, and Zh A. Aybasova. "Monitoring of public health in the Kashagan oil and gas field." Hygiene and sanitation 95, no. 8 (October 28, 2019): 729–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2016-95-8-729-733.
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According to explored hydrocarbon reserves the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) is among ten top countries rich in oil deposits. In connection with the intensive development of oil and gas industry environmental protection and public health issues became subject of a great interest from both scientists ’ and health practitioners ’ side. Results of the study included in this article are devoted to the study of health of the population, living near the “Bolashak” installation of complex preparation of oil and gas. There is a preliminary oil refining process coming from the Kashagan field and its further export. Analysis proved air pollution to be the one of the major risk factors for the health of the residing people. In the area there are problems of fresh water supply and frequent accidents at sewage plants. Landfills for municipal solid waste does not meet sanitary standards. The health care system of Makat district is characterized by uncompleted personnel and lack of beds. Indices of the mortality rate over the study period declined by 28.8%. As a result, population growth over the study the period was characterized by a tendency to increase. In 2013 population sought medical advice due to respiratory diseases, injuries and poisoning, diseases of blood and hemopoietic organs, diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue and nervous system
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Fiss Timm, Cari Rejane, Márcia Wulff Schuch, Zeni Fonseca Pinto Tomaz, Josiane Vergara Casarin, Aline Ramm, and Carlos Gustavo Raasch. "Rooting dynamics of Prunus minicuttings." Agronomy Science and Biotechnology 6 (January 11, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33158/asb.r115.v6.2020.
Full textAbstract:
There is a lot of information on the peach tree culture. However, it still lacks an efficient system for the seedlings production that guarantees genetic and sanitary quality, resulting in high productivity. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum rooting time for Prunus minicuttings to obtain clonal rootstocks. The installation of an experiment happened to check the viability of propagation by herbaceous minicuttings of the rootstocks, using Flordaguard, Okinawa, and the Capdeboscq canopy cultivar on different evaluation days (20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 days). Each treatment consisted of four replications of 20 minicuttings. The experiment consisted of preparing herbaceous minicuttings of approximately three to five centimeters, containing two buds and a leaf cut in half, with a bevel cut at the apex and transverse at the base of the mini-pile and two superficial lesions on opposite sides of the base. Later, they were immersed in a solution of 2000mg L-1 of indolebutyric acid (IBA) for 10 seconds and placed in transparent plastic containers containing medium-granulated vermiculite, previously moistened. Afterward, they were placed in greenhouses under controlled temperature. At 50 days, the highest percentage of rooting observed in the cultivar was Flordaguard (70%). The other cultivars resulted in a lower percentage of rooting on different evaluation days.
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Wyczarska-Kokot, Joanna. "The Study of Possibilities for Reuse of Washings from Swimming Pool Circulation Systems." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 447–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2016-0032.
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Abstract Swimming pools are very expensive, in terms of operation, sports facilities. Therefore, investors and managers of these facilities are looking for methods of reducing the costs of their use. One of the proposed methods is the managing of washings previously discharged to the sanitary sewage system. The assessment of possibilities for reuse of washings from swimming pool filtration system is based on the limits of basic indicators of pollutants in wastewater discharged to water and soil (temperature, pH, TSS, BOD5, COD, TN, TP, free chlorine). The conducted research of washings quality from 26 tested swimming pools have shown that washings quality is dependent on the operating conditions of the pool circuit, including the filter cycle duration and types of filter bed. A direct discharge to water or soil may be impossible due to excessive amounts of total suspended solids (above 35 mg/dm3) and free chlorine concentration (above 0.2 mg Cl2/dm3). However, the quality of supernatant water of washings subjected to sedimentation in the laboratory shows that the washings are suitable for reuse. The installation of settling tanks in swimming pool facilities could relieve the sewage systems and allow for the discharge of supernatant water to surface waters or for the irrigation of green areas in an environmentally friendly way.
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Prayitno, Joko, and Sri Widati. "Study of The Health Promotion Strategy of Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) in Kejawan Putih Tambak Village Surabaya City." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 10, no. 3 (December 4, 2018): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v10i3.2018.267-275.
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Community-Led Total Sanitation (CTLS) is an approach to transform hygienic and sanitary behaviors. There are five pillar of CLTS is Open Defecation Free (ODF), wash hand wih soap, food and beverage management, waste management and management of household waste. The phenomenon that occurre in the kelurahan Kejawan Putih Tambak is still there are 14 of 1.697 houses which do not have a healthy latrine and drain household wastewater into the river. This study examined the health promotion strategy of the CTLS program in kelurahan Kejawan Putih Tambak. This study is a qualitative research with participatory methode and analyzed descriptively. CTLS has five pillars that need to be achieved by the community. In kelurahan Kejawan Putih Tambak pillar of Open Defecation Free (ODF) and pillar of household liquid waste safe management have not been achieved optimally. It is caused by the lack of a policy and there is no a firm commitment to the perpetrators who dispose feces into the river. Moreover, there is no law enforcement as well and no commitment to collect public dues facilitated by the government or private to create appropriate latrine. Therefore, it is necessary to draft new strategies by giving sanction to open defecation perpetrators. making law enforcement, improving community awareness and making commitment to build communal wastewater installation.
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Bąk, Joanna. "Wise use of water in smart cities - possibilities and limitations." E3S Web of Conferences 30 (2018): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183001014.
Full textAbstract:
The need to save water is due, inter alia, to the paradigm of sustainable development. There are many ways to minimize the consumption of high quality water supplied by the water supply network. These include the simplest way and those complex, requiring additional installation. The lack of water is a big problem, but not only water deficit are dangerous. There is a possibility of secondary water pollution in the water supply network due to changes in network parameters. Changes in these parameters may occur due to reduced demand for water by residents and, as a result, reduced water flow - at the same pipe diameter. The article includes a review with comparative analysis of various classification systems for the tap fittings and other sanitary equipment, such as the Water Efficiency Label (WELL) in Europe or the Water Efficiency Labelling and Standards (WELS) in Australia. Several types of perlators and flow regulators were compared in the research section. This equipment was tested in the household. The possibilities of minimizing water consumption by using them was collated. In addition, the work also analyses the evolution of water consumption in Poland in recent years and their possible relationship with the threats quality of drinking water supplied to consumers.
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Fiss Timm, Cari Rejane, Márcia Wulff Schuch, Zeni Fonseca Pinto Tomaz, Josiane Vergara Casarin, Aline Ramm, and Carlos Gustavo Raasch. "Rooting dynamics of Prunus minicuttings." Agronomy Science and Biotechnology 6 (January 11, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33158/asb.r115.v6.2020.
Full textAbstract:
There is a lot of information on the peach tree culture. However, it still lacks an efficient system for the seedlings production that guarantees genetic and sanitary quality, resulting in high productivity. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum rooting time for Prunus minicuttings to obtain clonal rootstocks. The installation of an experiment happened to check the viability of propagation by herbaceous minicuttings of the rootstocks, using Flordaguard, Okinawa, and the Capdeboscq canopy cultivar on different evaluation days (20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 days). Each treatment consisted of four replications of 20 minicuttings. The experiment consisted of preparing herbaceous minicuttings of approximately three to five centimeters, containing two buds and a leaf cut in half, with a bevel cut at the apex and transverse at the base of the mini-pile and two superficial lesions on opposite sides of the base. Later, they were immersed in a solution of 2000mg L-1 of indolebutyric acid (IBA) for 10 seconds and placed in transparent plastic containers containing medium-granulated vermiculite, previously moistened. Afterward, they were placed in greenhouses under controlled temperature. At 50 days, the highest percentage of rooting observed in the cultivar was Flordaguard (70%). The other cultivars resulted in a lower percentage of rooting on different evaluation days.
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Obodovich, O. M., T. L. Grabova, D. V. Posunko, and R. E. Bazieiev. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DРIE METHOD IN TECHNOLOGIES OF OBTAINING STRUCTURED SYSTEMS." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 43, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.2.2021.2.
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Within the framework of the work, experimental and laboratory studies of a complex of heat and mass transfer processes in multicomponent disperse systems that exhibit emergent properties have been carried out.
The aim of the work is to determine the key factors that affect the properties of the final product, and bifurcation points for complex dispersed systems in terms of the mechanisms of structure formation.
The authors determined the influence of key parameters such as the process temperature and shear stresses that arise in systems during processing in rotary-pulsating devices of the disk-cylindrical type.
For systems with polyelectrolyte structures, the temperature ranges have been determined at which the intensity of the solvation process is maximum.
The investigated multicomponent systems are sensitive to shear stress and the duration of its exposure. The limiting shear stresses are determined at which the destruction of structures begins and the system becomes fluid.
Based on the results of the complex of works, a schematic diagram and a pilot plant for obtaining poly-component structured systems were proposed. Вatches of bactericidal sanitary-hygienic means and application medical-prophylactic means were obtained at the proposed installation and transferred for testing.
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Pollert, J. "Ecological aspect in combined sewer overflows chamber design." Water Practice and Technology 8, no. 3-4 (September 1, 2013): 409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2013.041.
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In 2005 one of major Czech manufacturers of glass reinforced plastic pipes asked the Department of Sanitary and Ecological Engineering to develop a new type of combined sewer overflows (CSO) chamber that could become a part of their manufacturing programme. The main requirements were economy of production, easy and fast installation on the field and increased protection of receiving waters. A simple object consisting of a pipe placed above another one was designed. The object begins with a stilling chamber formed by a conical expansion of the inlet pipe. It is separated from the overflow object itself by a downflow baffle designed to trap floating objects. The CSO chamber is equipped by a flow regulation device (e.g. vortex valve or throttle pipe) at the end. Excess water flows through a slit in the top of the bottom pipe into the upper pipe and from there to the receiving water. More than 15 prototypes were already installed in the Czech and Slovak Republics and more than 20 are planned to be built in Europe. We hope this type of CSO CHAMBER will help to decrease the cost of construction of new sewers and reconstruction of old ones. Its higher efficiency of separation of suspended particles might also contribute to the improvement of the quality of receiving water bodies according to Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC.
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Majerová, Jana, Jakub Hodul, and Rostislav Drochytka. "Trenchless Sewer Rehabilitation Methods and Solving Diversity of Cured Sleeves Thickness." Key Engineering Materials 808 (June 2019): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.808.109.
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For the rehabilitation and renovation of sewerage and gutter networks, different methods and technologies have been introduced over the last half-century. The trenchless technologies are showing the greatest development. They are promoted for reasons of environmental friendliness, they do not restrict the space in the place of renovation and the implementation is fast. The paper focuses on specific material starting points for the use of trenchless methods. Trenchless methods do not generate waste from original pipelines. New pipes are installed in the existing pipeline, or a new pipeline pushes the old profile into the surrounding area. However, the new pipeline is not accessible for the traditional methodology of result control and product performance verification. Particularly for Cured-in-Place-Pipe (CIPP) methods, it is difficult to determine representative quantities for key features such as the thickness of the sanitary insets (sleeves) after curing, and it follows from practice that the measurements should be performed with a special spike gauge. CIPP products achieve all the final properties through the installation process in the existing pipeline. Simulation on semi-operative polygons is increasingly being used for research and verification of suitable representatives. Authors of the article began to address this issue in research, in collaboration with the company WOMBAT, s.r.o. when investigating the higher resistance of CIPP lining.
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Mota, Eduardo, and Adrian C. Sleigh. "Water-contact patterns and schistosoma mansoni infection in a rural community in northeast Brazil." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 29, no. 1 (February 1987): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651987000100001.
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We evaluated the influence of water-related human activities, contaminative behaviour, house location, education and socio-economic status on endemic Schistosoma mansoni infection. The study was conducted in a hilry non-irrigated area of rural northeast Brazil amongst a defined population of subsistence farmers, of whom 93% were infected by age 20. The area was mapped, water bodies were surveyed, and a detailed questionnaire was performed on each household. Infection was assessed by duplicate stool examinations using the sensitive Bell technique to quantify egg excretion. For each household, and index of intensity of infection was computed by grouping individual log-transformed egg counts as an age-sex adjusted Z score. Few households had a sanitary installation or a domestic water supply. However, neither water-contact nor contaminative behavior were indiscriminate. The people made considerable effort to defaecate far from a water source, to obtain household drinking water from the cleanest source, and to bathe only at certain sites where privacy is assured. Land ownership and literacy correlated poorly with the household index of intensity of infection. The key influence on infection status was the relative location of the house and snail-free or snail colonized water sources. In this area, a safe domestic water supply is the critical input needed to achieve definitive control of endemic Schistosomiasis.
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Słyś, Daniel, and Agnieszka Stec. "The Analysis of Variants of Water Supply Systems in Multi-Family Residential Building." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 21, no. 4 (February 2, 2015): 623–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2014-0045.
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Abstract Climate change, improper use of water resources, surface waters pollution as well as increase of water requirements are the results of growing population of people in the world. It causes water deficiency in majority of countries in the world, including Poland. Due to the water pollution advanced technologies for its treatment are in demand, what leads to increase of water price. In this connection, there are more often taken actions to reduce water consumption by using rainwater to flush toilets, wash cars, do laundry or water green areas. This publication presents results of Life Cycle Cost analysis of two variants of water supply systems designed for multi-family residential building situated in Rzeszow. In line with LCC methodology the calculations were made throughout the whole life-cycle of the building considering initial investment outlays intended for construction of water supply system as well as operation and maintenance costs. In the first of analyzed variants it was assumed that the system would be fed by municipal water supply network. In the second variant rainwater harvesting system for domestic use was additionally applied. Rainwater stored in the tank would be used in sanitary installation to flush toilets, what leads to lowering the costs of municipal water purchase, reducing fees for rainwater discharge to sewage system and consequently is beneficial for financial standing of the examined building.
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Panaitescu, Fanel-Viorel, Mariana Panaitescu, and Nicolaie Ion. "The influence of the vitiated air from the treatment plants on the urban and rural development." E3S Web of Conferences 180 (2020): 04013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018004013.
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In order to reduce the emissions produced by the operational flow of a wastewater treatment plant, regardless of whether they are located in urban or rural areas, the quality of air must be analyzed. For this reason, the Constanta Nord treatment plant was chosen as a study location. This is near the Mamaia resort and does not fall within the recommended sanitary protection norms, according to NP-032-1999 (at least 300 m from the last house). Therefore, it was necessary to take measures to reduce the repellent gases generated in the neighborhood of wastewater treatment plants. The solution is in attention of all wastewater treatment plants from the world because this depend on operational flux management and health of population.The research consists of: description of the technological flow of the treatment plant and in particular of the deodorizing installation of the contaminated air, choosing a work scenario for a day with 2 shifts per hour, respectively 6 shifts per hour, the air flow needed to treat the vitiated air (the deodorization plant components) and the efficiency of the regulation system from the point of view of energy consumption. Also, possible leakage of dangerous gases into the atmospheric air was monitored (H2S, Cl2, CO), taking into account the fact that in the immediate vicinity there is the Mamaia resort, the student housing and rural locations Palazu and Mamaia village.
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Mendoza-Grimón, Vanessa, Juan Fernández-Vera, Gilbert Silva, Angelo Semedo-Varela, and María Palacios-Díaz. "Cape Verde (West Africa) Successful Water Reuse Pilot Project: A Sustainable Way for Increasing Food Production in a Climate Change Scenario." Water 13, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13020160.
Full textAbstract:
Cape Verde, which has agricultural land that is mainly rainfed, will be severely affected by climate change due to increased drought conditions. Scarce water availability makes this country highly dependent on imports for its food supply, resulting in more than 80% food importation. Improving water use efficiency, implementing precision irrigation could help achieve sustainable use of water resources. Cereal production reusing treated water could contribute to strengthening resilience and adaptation to climate change in Cape Verde. Our pilot project demonstrates that the safe and profitable reuse of water produced by Cape Verde’s water treatment plants is possible by avoiding water and plant contact using Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI), obtaining food yields between 10,000 and 7000 kg of cob/ha, with a water consumption of about 300 L/kg Dry-Matter and a Water-Use-Efficiency of about 3 g/L. These studies also showed that it is necessary to provide training to farmers and to conduct further studies to help solve present challenges. This project identif installation failures as water shortages can compromise farmers’ profitability. To guarantee the sustainability of water reuse, it is also necessary to consider economic and social factors, including that all water that is not reused is poured, increasing environmental and sanitary risk and decreasing the possibility of recovering water treatment costs.
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Kuzminova, Svetlana, and Vladimir Tupov. "THE ECONOMIC EFFECT OF USING THE NEW METHOD TO IMPLEMENT MEASURES TO REDUCE NOISE BY NOISE INSULATION AND ACOUSTIC BARRIER FOR GAS PIPELINES." VOLUME 39, VOLUME 39 (2021): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.36336/akustika202139116.
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An important environmental problem is exceeding the current sanitary standards on the territory of thermal power plants (TPP) and in the surrounding residential area. One of the intense sources of noise at the TPP is the gas distribution points (GDP) and the gas pipeline after it. The noise at the exit of the GDP building and along the length of the gas pipeline can be 110 dBA. Effective methods of reducing noise from GDP and gas pipelines are the installation of acoustic barriers and the use of noise insulation materials. The most effective is a set of measures to reduce noise including the joint use of the barrier and noise insulation. The cost of noise reduction measures depends on many factor, including the type of materials, the thickness of the construction as well as the required amount of noise reduction. Earlier in the works of the authors, it was shown that when planning noise reduction measures, it is necessary to achieve equality of the specific reduced costs by using noise insulation and acoustic barriers. This will ensure minimal noise reduction costs. In this paper, the economic effect of using the new method is considered. A new formula is proposed for determining the economic losses in the case of inequality of the specific reduced costs for shielding and noise insulation. It is shown how the economic losses increase in the case of an increase in the ratio between the specific reduced costs of shielding and noise insulation.
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Miniati, MS, Roberto, Fabrizio Dori, MS, Ernesto Iadanza, MS, Marco Lo Sardo, BSEE, and Sergio Boncinelli, MD. "Longitudinal expandable shelter for medical response during disasters." American Journal of Disaster Medicine 5, no. 4 (July 1, 2010): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2010.0027.
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Introduction: During medical emergencies, hospitals represent the final point of the whole rescue process. Therefore, effective health mobile structures have to be inserted between hospitals and the place of the event with the aim of giving the best of cures (using appropriate and easy to use equipment) for a safer and faster evacuation to hospitals.Methods: Literature review and national and international disaster medicine standards were the basis for this study to provide clinical, hygienical, and organizational needs to satisfy for the medical structure design. Project requirements have been obtained by analyzing structural, organizational, and clinical process necessities. Structural requirements respond to the possibility of installation on every ground type, resistance to every weather condition, and necessity of easy and fast transportation. Technological equipment is obtained from clinical evaluation for patient stabilization.Results: The designed structure results to be a longitudinal expandable shelter (LES) for medical emergencies response organized in three internal functional areas. Possibility of automatic expandability allows rapid transportation and easy deployment. The functional internal organization provides three areas: “Diagnostic,” “Therapeutic,” and “Pre-evacuation monitoring.” Further, longitudinal expandability supports the basic hygienical rules in healthcare processes allowing the unidirectional flow of casualties from dirtier to cleaner areas of the structure.Conclusions: LES represents the answer to expressed requisites by disaster medicine standards and guidelines. It aims to provide an efficient and effective support for sanitary aid in response to disasters or emergencies, by improving aspects related to effectiveness, hygiene, and quality of clinical performances especially for highest critical cases.
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Mateo Pérez, Vanesa, José Manuel Mesa Fernández, Joaquín Villanueva Balsera, and Cristina Alonso Álvarez. "A Random Forest Model for the Prediction of FOG Content in Inlet Wastewater from Urban WWTPs." Water 13, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13091237.
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The content of fats, oils, and greases (FOG) in wastewater, as a result of food preparation, both in homes and in different commercial and industrial activities, is a growing problem. In addition to the blockages generated in the sanitary networks, it also represents a difficulty for the performance of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), increasing energy and maintenance costs and worsening the performance of downstream treatment processes. The pretreatment stage of these facilities is responsible for removing most of the FOG to avoid these problems. However, so far, optimization has been limited to the correct design and initial installation dimensioning. Proper management of this initial stage is left to the experience of the operators to adjust the process when changes occur in the characteristics of the wastewater inlet. The main difficulty is the large number of factors influencing these changes. In this work, a prediction model of the FOG content in the inlet water is presented. The model is capable of correctly predicting 98.45% of the cases in training and 72.73% in testing, with a relative error of 10%. It was developed using random forest (RF) and the good results obtained (R2 = 0.9348 and RMSE = 0.089 in test) will make it possible to improve operations in this initial stage. The good features of this machine learning algorithm had not been used, so far, in the modeling of pretreatment parameters. This novel approach will result in a global improvement in the performance of this type of facility allowing early adoption of adjustments to the pretreatment process to remove the maximum amount of FOG.
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Kaushal, Vinayak, and Mohammad Najafi. "Comparative Assessment of Environmental Impacts from Open-Cut Pipeline Replacement and Trenchless Cured-in-Place Pipe Renewal Method for Sanitary Sewers." Infrastructures 5, no. 6 (June 15, 2020): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures5060048.
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An environmental impact assessment (EIA) involves the evaluation of information about pipe raw materials, processes, and product manufacturing to obtain the associated emissions and ecological impacts. Open-cut (OC) pipeline replacement involves digging a trench along the length of the proposed pipeline, placing the pipe in the trench on suitable bedding materials, and then embedding and backfilling. The trenchless cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) method involves a liquid thermoset resin saturated material that is inserted into the existing pipeline by hydrostatic or air inversion or by mechanically pulling-in and inflating. The liner material is cured-in-place using hot water or steam or light cured using ultraviolet light, resulting in the CIPP product. The objectives of this paper are: (1) to present a literature review on the progress acquired over the years in understanding the environmental impacts from the OC and CIPP methods, (2) to analyze and compare the environmental impacts for small diameter sanitary sewers (SDSS) using USEPA’s tool for the reduction and assessment of chemical and other environmental impacts (TRACI) methodology from the SimaPro software, and (3) to identify the factors that influence the environment for the OC and CIPP methods. Published papers were identified that reported the environmental impacts from the OC and CIPP methods over a period from 1989 through to 2020. An actual case study based on the City of Pasadena, California, river basin was used to carry out an environmental analysis for small diameter OC and CIPP methods. The literature review suggests that the material production phase consumes a large amount of energy and is a major contributor of environmental impacts. Higher environmental impacts from the OC method are a result of longer project durations and more equipment requirements compared to the CIPP. The assessment results show that, on average, CIPP renewal caused 68% less environmental impact, 75% less impact on human health, and 62% less resource depletion as compared to the OC replacement for SDSS. The liner, felt, and resin influenced the environment the most for CIPP as compared to the OC method, where the power consumption of construction equipment and the pipe material had the greatest environmental impacts. It can be concluded that the comparison of the environmental impacts from pipeline renewal and replacement is an important element when considering a sustainable underground infrastructure development. The pipe material and outside diameter should be considered during the installation phase by OC and CIPP methods to allow a detailed evaluation and comparison of their sustainability impacts. This study can be further developed for analyzing the environmental impacts and associated costs of the OC and CIPP methods for sanitary sewers with different project and site conditions.
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Mekhantyev, Igor I., and Yuriy I. Stepkin. "Assessment of the radiation safety of drinking water and surface water bodies used for recreational purposes in the Voronezh region." I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald 29, no. 2 (July 22, 2021): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/pavlovj65125.
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AIM: This study aimed to assess the radiation safety of surface water bodies used for recreational purposes and drinking water used by the population of the Voronezh Region (VR).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The fond materials of the Rospotrebnadzor Administration in VR in 20152019 were used. The following parameters were analyzed: total and activities and specific activity of radioactive substances in the water of open reservoirs (137Сs, 210Po, 226Ra, and 228Ra) and in the sources of drinking water (210Po and 222Rn). The annual effective dose was calculated on the basis of the probable consumption of drinking water from the centralized drinking water supply systems. The content of radionuclides in the water of open reservoirs was analyzed in three control points and in drinking water found in 2,036 water intake artesian wells of the centralized drinking water supply systems. Then, 100% of the sources were surveyed in terms of total and activities. The radiation safety of bottled drinking water from nine manufacturers was assessed on the basis of the data of the Federal State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance. Water in open reservoirs and drinking water, including water packaged in containers, were laboratory controlled on the basis of an accredited testing laboratory center (Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the VR) by using MKS-01A Multirad spectrometric installation (Akvilon, Russia). UMF-2000 - and -radiometers were utilized to measure small activities (NPP, Doza, Russia).
RESULTS: According to the regional databases of Rospotrebnadzor Administration regarding water from open water bodies for the population (three monitoring points: Tikhaya Sosna, Sukhaya Khvorostan, and Usman rivers) in 20152019, values did not exceed the intervention limit that was registered in terms of the content of the controlled radioactive substances (210Ро, 234U, 222Rn, and 137Сs) and the total and activities. Water from artesian wells used for drinking and domestic purposes fully met the requirements of radiation safety. The average annual effective radiation doses (AAERD) of the population in the VO in 74 settlements within the zones of radioactive contamination due to the Chernobyl disaster ranged from 0.05 mSv/year to 0.12 mSv/year, which was significantly lower than the threshold value (1 mSv/year). The analyzed drinking water samples, water packaged in containers, and the samples produced in the region were in compliance with sanitary and epidemiological requirements, including those for 90Sr and 137Cs radionuclide contents.
CONCLUSION: Radiation monitoring in the VR revealed that the content of technogenic radionuclides (137Cs and 90Sr) and other standardized parameters of radiation safety in water of open reservoirs and drinking water did not exceed the threshold values.
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Lisanevich, Maria S., Reseda Yu Galimzyanova, and Rustem G. Ibragimov. "Influence of non-equilibrium low-temperature plasma on consumer characteristics of spunmelt material." Butlerov Communications 64, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-64-11-143.
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Nonwovens (nonwovens) are widely used in medicine, for the manufacture of medical linen, sanitary and hygienic items, medical clothing, surgical materials (including dressings). The rapid development of the clothing market requires domestic manufacturers to be competitive not only through new products and technologies, but also new sensations for the consumer, provided that the price is competitive. According to medical workers, disposable surgical gowns based on spunmelt materials give a feeling of discomfort during use. One and relatively new method for modifying nanomaterials is treatment with nonequilibrium low-temperature plasma (NLTP). The main advantage of this type of material modification is the environmental friendliness of the method, as in the process of processing aqueous solutions of chemicals are not used, as in the case of using special impregnations. Modern research of medical services. As a result of the work, it was revealed that the modification of NM NNTP allows you to change the NM for changes in surface, physical and mechanical, as well as consumer properties, while maintaining the strength characteristics. It is shown that after plasma treatment spunmelt materials increase such consumer characteristics as air permeability, hygroscopicity, while maintaining the strength during elongation; reduction of material stiffness during bending. It was also found that after the processing of NTPP, the electrification rate increases within the normal range, in GOST 12.1.045-84. Manufacturers are recommended to process spunmelt material with non-equilibrium low-temperature plasma on a high-frequency capacitive plasma installation with a power of Wp = 1.5 kW, processing time τ = 180 s and pressure P = 21.5 Pa. Use argon gas with a gas flow of 1500 cm3/min as a plasma-forming gas.
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Nikitina, Valentina N., G. G. Lyashko, and N. I. Kalinina. "ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF THE CURRENT ELECTROMAGNETIC SAFETY FOR CREWS OF THE ICEBREAKING FLEET VESSEL." Hygiene and sanitation 97, no. 12 (December 15, 2018): 1210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2018-97-12-1210-1214.
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Introduction. The article presents results of a study on the hygienic evaluation of the impact of levels of electromagnetic fields (EMF) from electrical equipment, communications and navigational aids on modern automated ice-breaking vessels to the electromagnetic safety of the crew. Material and methods. The instrumental measurement of EMF levels from power equipment, electronic equipment, computers, were conducted in places of a permanent and temporary stay of the crew watches in parked icebreakers in the port and during sea trials. The assessment of the levels of electromagnetic radiation from the antennas of radio relay stations (radar) was conducted using the forecasting parameters of the EMF. Results. Onboard computers, marine electrical, communications and radar transmitters do not create electromagnetic fields exceeding the RC in crew workplaces of ship premises. Levels of EMF SHF range generated by RADAR antennas on the open deck, also do not exceed RC. Electromagnetic fields exceeding the RC are registered at work communications transmitters VHF, MF/HF on the decks of the installation of antennas transmitting devices. Discussion. There is a relevant matter of the protection of the crew from the EMF generated by the antennas of modern radars. Evaluation of the EMF RADAR intensity is only possible on the basis of data on forecasting levels of the electromagnetic radiation. To protect the crew from the EMF generated by antennas means the marine radio and RADAR on open decks should implement measures to limit exposure time to install warning signs and placards. Conclusions. There is required the improvement of normative-methodical documents in the field of the protection of the crew from the EMF. You must create a measurement technique for recording the intensity of electromagnetic radiation from the radar. Research data can be used for the development of science-based sanitary-epidemiological requirements for electromagnetic safety of the crew.
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Fedosov, Sergej, Pavel Mureev, Vitalij Kotlov, Aleksandr Makarov, and Andrej Ivanov. "THE METHOD OF LOCAL AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF THERMOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF EXTERNAL WALLS OF BUILDINGS AT THE LOCATIONS OF CONDENSATE LOSS." International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering 15, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2019-15-1-41-53.
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Today the buildings of the 60-80th of the XX century do not satisfy to modern requirements for energy saving. The low value of the resistance to heat transfer leads overcooling of the wall surface in the cold period of the year and to overheating in the warm period. In addition, over the years of operation building envelopes subjected to numerous of climatic changes that were not envisaged in the design earlier. The lowering of microclimate parameters in the room negatively affects to the comfort and health of a person. As a result, the specific heat consumption for heating increases, the resistance to heat transfer decreases, and the thermal diffusivity increases. Therefore, a new method for calculating the actual value of the resistance to heat transfer is developed. The problem of providing sanitary and hygienic and thermophysical comfort conditions in the premises of the student hostel of the Volga State University of technology is also being solved. This occurs by controlling the temperature of the internal surface of the outer walls with a heating cable. Such a design will not only keep the difference between the wall surface temperature and the internal air temperature within the limits of the norm, but will also help to solve the problem of condensate precipitation by raising the temperature of the inner surface of the wall above the dew-point temperature. The developed technique takes into account the conditions of the heat transfer regime at a particular time, and also makes a correction to the final value of the design resistance. This makes the technique applicable for processing the results of field experiments and determining the actual resistance to heat transfer. Also results of field experimental researches of external walls of buildings are resulted and the scheme of laboratory installation is shown.
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Vasel, J. L., H. Jupsin, and A. P. Annachhatre. "Nitrogen removal during leachate treatment: comparison of simple and sophisticated systems." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 6 (September 1, 2004): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0358.
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Membrane bioreactors (MBR) have become common in treating municipal wastewaters. Applied to leachates treatment MBR were also successful with pilot scale experiments and full-scale facilities as well. We succeeded previously in designing an efficient nitrificationÐdenitrification process with an ethylene glycol byproduct as carbon source for denitrification. Moreover, an unexpectedly high inert COD removal efficiency was also observed in the full-scale MBR facility thereby making it possible to increase the operating time of the final GAC (Granulated Activated Carbon) adsorber. Since MBR are very sophisticated systems. Simpler and “lower” cost systems can also be considered. For example it is possible to nitrify leachates from sanitary landfill using a simple infiltrationÐpercolation technique with a low energy cost. To validate previously published laboratory experiments, a semi industrial-scale pilot installation was installed at the Montzen landfill site (Belgium). The process is based on infiltrationÐpercolation through a granular bed. This well known process was modified to increase the load, notably by changing the support medium, adding an electric fan that is run intermittently and maintaining temperatures greater than 15°C. The new material is a type of granular calcium carbonate with a large specific surface area. These technical improvements enabled the system to nitrify up to 0.4 kg NH4+-N/m3 of reactor bed per day at a hydraulic load of 0.35 m.d-1, with an ammonia removal rate in the range of 80 to 95%. Despite the high ammonia nitrogen inlet concentrations, this system exhibits remarkable nitrification efficiency. Moreover, these performances are achieved in a batch mode system without recirculation or dilution processes. If complete nitrification is needed, it can be obtained in a second in series of bioreactors. The system can be classified as a low cost process. An international patent is pending. Possible performances of those systems were compared with the usual methods for leachates treatment.
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Stepova, K., and O. Derun. "BEST PRACTICE APPROACH FOR WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IN THE EDIBLE OIL INDUSTRY." Bulletin of Lviv State University of Life Safety 19 (October 3, 2019): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20784643.19.2019.15.
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Abstract. The capacity growth of the edible oil enterprises at the present stage of development leads to the formation of huge amounts of used water, which form the production wastewater. The main pollutants are organic substances, mainly fat. The existing treatment plants are not able to remove them from the water up to the level of sanitary requirements. These pollutants cause the processes of decay, water blooming, infection with pathogenic bacteria and, as a result, adversely affect the fauna and flora. For many enterprises in the industry, proper wastewater treatment is a significant problem. In industry, in order to reduce the amount of water used, and improve the quality and/or quantity of the effluent, it is strongly recommended that a ‘best practice’ approach is adopted, where avoidance of water usage is the most desirable, and disposal of wastewater the least desirable practice. Aim of the study. To propose measures for reducing the impact of edible oil industry on the state of surface wa-ter basing on the Best practice approach. 132 Вісник ЛДУБЖД, №19, 2019 As a result of the studies, the increase of the pollutants content in river water after the wastewater discharge of the edible oil production was revealed. In particular, the content of nitrite, nitrate and ammonium nitrogen, hydrocar-bons, chlorides and sulfates, fats and oils increased; the total iron content increased 10 times. The phosphates, petrole-um products and surfactants were defined.Suggested measures for optimising water efficiency in the edible oil industry include: physical refining, continuous deodorization, cleaning in place, recovery of heat condensates, equipment upgrade, dry clean-up techniques, cooling towers, blowdown wastewater recycling, installation of water meters, education of staff, re-use water, re-use treated effluent.
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Semeniuk, Serhii, and Vadym Povodzinskiy. "Risk assessment in development of technical requirements for designing fermentation equipment in accordance with requirements of good manufacturing practice." Technology audit and production reserves 3, no. 2(59) (June 30, 2021): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.233536.
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The object of research is the risks arising at the stage of cultivation of biological agents in fermentation equipment. The starting point of the life cycle of equipment, including fermenters, is the terms of reference, which defines all the necessary requirements that must be taken into account in the design, manufacture, installation and qualification. One of the most important and important stages of the equipment life cycle is the formation of a holistic and complete technical specification, which would allow taking into account all critical process parameters already at the stage of developing the design of the fermenter in accordance with the requirements of good manufacturing practice. It is important to note that the regulatory documents of the pharmaceutical industry (good manufacturing practices, good engineering practices, etc.) do not form specific requirements for equipment and processes, but only define general approaches to ensuring the quality system. The study used the principles of risk management, which are advisable to use throughout the entire life cycle of the equipment. The analysis of the stages of sanitary preparation (washing, disinfection and rinsing), sterilization of the fermenter and the cultivation process made it possible to determine the risks arising at the corresponding stages of production and ways to solve them. The approach to the analysis of critical parameters proposed in this work can be used to improve the development of technical specifications for a fermenter. Thanks to this, at the initial stages, a comprehensive approach to risk management is provided, which in turn will prevent the negative impact of external factors on the final product. Another aspect of using the research results is the possibility of forming fermenter validation protocols. The results obtained in this work can also be used in the development and scaling of the cultivation process for the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients in biopharmaceutical production.
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Atamanyuk, A. A. "PROBLEMS OF OPERATION OF GAS PURIFICATION PLANTS CONTAINING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS." Journal of Coal Chemistry 1 (2020): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31081/1681-309x-2020-0-5-23-28.
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The article analyzes the current state and perspectives of the modernization of existing plants for the purification of the technological gases from organic impurities. It has been shown that the main technical solution for organizing such purification since the 90s is the installation of thermocatalytic equipment. According to the design documentation, the efficiency of purification from organic compounds has to be about 90 %. Such plants are still in operation, but they are ineffective because of a number of reasons. With the involvement of qualified specialists from the Research Institute of the SE "UkrNTTS "Energostal", an assessment was made of the current state of the operating gas purification plants, in particular, the thermocatalytic gas purification units (GPU) from organic impurities at a number of coke-chemical plants. The survey was accompanied by technical consultations in order to bring the operation of the existing units to the design parameters. Assessment of the current state of the facilities showed that they do not operate in design regimes and that bringing them to design indicators will require significant capital expenditures. A detailed analysis of this problems shows that under the current conditions it is practically impossible to ensure the trouble-free operation of such a plants. Recommendations have been formulated for the alternative processes for sanitary cleaning of gases from organic compounds by gases gathering in global collector and involvement in industry recycling, based on examples of foreign and domestic analogues (including implemented on PJSC "ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih"). The issues have been touched upon the application of the domestic experience of implementation of more advanced thermocatalytic gas purification units. As an example of the operation of such a plant, a gas purification system with a capacity of 1300 m3 /h from a pitch granulation plant implemented at PJSC “ZAPOROZHKOKS” has been given.
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Rudoy, Aleksey, and Mykola Tereshchenko. "THE EFFICIENCY ESTIMATION OF MONITORING THE HUMAN RADIATION DOSES DURING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY." Bulletin of Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. Series Instrument Making, no. 61(1) (June 30, 2021): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/1970.61(1).2021.237111.
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X-ray imaging techniques have many advantages over other methods because they can be easily performed in a short time and are widely available, allowing doctors to quickly confirm or rule out a diagnosis with greater confidence. The main problem associated with the widespread use of radiological diagnosis and therapy is the significant exposure of patients. Over the last 30 years, the average radiation dose of the population and patients has doubled, despite the fact that exposure to natural factors has remained almost at the same level. The increase in the level of the average radiation dose of the population and patients of medical institutions is associated with an increase in the number of diagnostic procedures, despite the fact that the level of radiation with each procedure has decreased significantly. This is especially true in this period of coronary crisis - a rapid increase in the number of human diseases caused by the Covid-19 virus.
The paper considers the principles of monitoring the level of radiation doses in diagnostic and therapeutic complexes of medical institutions. The analysis of research methods, comparison of doses obtained experimentally, in which multifactor measurements were performed with dosimeters located in the areas of major vital organs and doses adopted by treatment protocols according to state and sanitary rules and regulations.
After the analysis and identification of the main problems of irradiation, a method of automated measurement of radiation doses with the installation of high-precision detectors and an algorithm for calculating irradiation parameters, according to the location of patients and staff during diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, as well as separately for each body, method assessment of the accumulation of the level of radiation doses.
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Yin, Wen, and Kaifang Wang. "Sanitary wares (Wash-basin) product industry situation and quality analysis." E3S Web of Conferences 267 (2021): 02022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126702022.
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Sanitary ceramic products refer to glazed ceramic products used for sanitary installations. Sanitary wares products are divided into ceramic Sanitary wares and ceramic Sanitary wares according to different materials. According to use divide for implement kind, basin kind. The urinal type includes sit urinal, squat urinal, urinal; The basin category includes the Wash-basiner, washing tank, mop pool and so on. Among them, the Wash-basiner refers to the glazed ceramic products used for washing face and hands. It is a necessary sanitary equipment in family or public places and has become an essential sanitary appliance in people’s life.
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Nikitina, Valentina N., N. I. Kalinina, G. G. Lyashko, E. N. Pankina, and V. P. Plekhanov. "Analysis of design decisions on establishing an aerodrome territory based on the electromagnetic factor." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 6 (July 29, 2020): 557–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-6-557-562.
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Introduction. Under the regulations for civil aviation aerodromes, aerodrome territories (AT) are established. The analysis of the literature data shows that when considering the hygienic aspects of the operation of airfields, the authors focus on aviation noise and pollutants in the environment.The purpose of the study: to analyze the design documentation for the establishment of the AT of many civil aviation aerodromes to study the effects of electromagnetic fields of the radio frequency range created by antennas of modern transmitting radio engineering objects (TREO). Materials and methods. We studied regulatory documents on the procedure for establishing and using aerodrome territories, radio engineering support for airfields, technical characteristics and operating modes of modern radio equipment, and regulatory documents for ensuring electromagnetic safety of the population. The analysis of the project documentation for the organization of the aerodrome territory on the electromagnetic effects of seven civil aviation airfields was carried out.Results. The study found the electromagnetic environment in an open area to depend on the power of the radio object, the frequency range, the height of the antenna installation, the radiation pattern in the vertical and horizontal plane, and the combination of two survey radars in one position. Sanitary protection zones and restricted areas for communication and navigation facilities are located within the technical territory of the airfield. Zones of restriction of radar objects fall into the seventh subzone of the AT, established by the noise factor.Conclusion. According to regulatory documents, the justification of the boundaries of the seventh subzone of the AT of civil aviation airfields is established by the factor of noise and electro-magnetic effects, and air pollution. The experience of reviewing the project documentation for the establishment of near-aerodrome territories for electromagnetic effects shows that the zone of restriction of powerful radars can influence the formation of the seventh subzone of the AT. If the restriction zones go beyond the boundaries of the aerodrome land plot, then restrictions on the use of real estate objects and activities are imposed on the territories that fall within the zone.