Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sanitary protection'
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Barbosa, Ana de Oliveira. "Risco, vigilância e segurança sanitária: desafios à proteção da saúde." Programa de pós-graduação em saúde coletiva, 2006. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10317.
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A expressão segurança sanitária (SS) tem sido freqüentemente referida no debate internacional, sobretudo, em função das crises sanitárias emergentes. Todavia, o sentido conferido a essa expressão não se faz claro, sendo tratada como uma noção. A dissertação tem por objetivo analisar a noção de segurança sanitária incorporada na vigilância sanitária brasileira com a criação da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa). Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de caso, do tipo exploratório, contemplando a análise de documentos de cunho técnico e normativo emitidos pela Anvisa, referente ao período de 1999 a 2004, bem como a realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com informantes-chave que participaram do processo de formulação do desenho institucional. A partir da massa de dados, identificaram-se situações, em que o termo foi utilizado, extraindo os significados associados à expressão em estudo. Constatou-se que a noção de segurança sanitária, no caso em estudo, gira em torno dos binômios risco-benefício ou risco-proteção da saúde, apresentando-se tanto como uma relação risco/benefício aceitável na perspectiva da proteção e promoção da saúde individual e coletiva quanto uma relação de obrigação do Estado para com a sociedade com vistas à proteção da saúde. No que concerne à extensão da noção, observa-se que ela abrange produtos e serviços de interesse à saúde humana; incorpora ainda, de forma pouco expressiva, questões ambientais, incluindo meio ambiente e ambiente de trabalho. As preocupações em relação à SS recaem sobre questões referentes à produção e ao consumo de medicamentos e tecnologias de interesse da saúde, sobretudo, aquelas que têm como finalidade o diagnóstico e tratamento médico; entretanto, os dados revelam que tem havido uma ampliação do escopo da noção de segurança sanitária.
Salvador
Nilsson, Emma. "Menstruella klichéer - En visuell diskursanalys om hur visuella attribut påverkar föreställningen om menstruation." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21875.
Full textNascimento, Adilson Garcia do. "O desafio da tutela sanitária e ambiental na área de saneamento básico: análise do caso de abastecimento de água e esgotamento sanitário do Estado do Amapá." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/18794.
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This thesis is to point of interest a discussion of the causes of ineffectiveness of health and environmental protection in the distribution area of water and sanitation, focusing on the emblematic case of low rates in the industry in the State of Amapá, as well as analysis of the framework environmental legal guardian of the right to sanitation. To accomplish this research, it became the route of the process of historical development of basic sanitation in Brazil. Therefore, seeks to show that the country has enough laws, but suffers the implementation thereof. Then they made up some considerations on the sectoral public policies, these judicial activism and the advantages and disadvantages of legalization as a means of conflict resolution, including the provision of reservation possible. Thus, it can be said that that approach gives prominence to the debate about linking sanitation to public health. It is noteworthy that were not ignored important points for the universal service, such as the restructuring plan as a management tool, mishaps and prospects in its preparation, with the analysis of public policy under the bias of the executive. They were further analyzed the technical indexes of basic sanitation in the State of Amapá, with your data and features. This research helps confirm partially the hypotheses formulated for this research, namely: environmental protection and health is ineffective in basic sanitation, by exogenous legal factors, although they were identified endogenous causes the legal harvest
Esta tese tem como ponto de interesse uma discussão sobre as causas da inefetividade da tutela sanitária e ambiental na área de distribuição de água e esgotamento sanitário, com foco no caso emblemático dos baixos índices do setor no Estado do Amapá, além da análise do arcabouço jurídico ambiental tutelar do direito ao saneamento básico. Para realizar essa pesquisa, fez-se o percurso do processo da formação histórica do saneamento básico no Brasil. Dessa forma, busca demonstrar que o país tem leis suficientes, mas peca na execução destas. Em seguida, fizeram-se algumas considerações sobre as políticas públicas setoriais, o ativismo judicial nestas e as vantagens e desvantagens da judicialização como forma de solução dos conflitos, inclusive a cláusula da reserva do possível. Assim, pode-se dizer que esta tese dá relevo ao debate sobre a vinculação do saneamento básico com a saúde pública. Vale ressaltar que não foram ignorados pontos importantes para a universalização do atendimento, como o plano de saneamento como instrumento de gestão, os percalços e perspectivas na sua elaboração, com a análise da política pública sob o viés do poder executivo. Foram ainda analisados os índices técnicos do saneamento básico, no Estado do Amapá, com seus dados e características. Esta pesquisa ajuda a confirmar parcialmente as hipóteses formuladas para esta investigação, a saber: a tutela ambiental e sanitária é inefetiva, na área de saneamento básico, por fatores metajurídicos, embora tenham sido constatadas causas endógenas à seara jurídica
Yehya, Houssam. "La protection sanitaire et sociale au Liban (1860-1963)." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0008/document.
Full textThis thesis seeks to provide a historicized approach for the Lebanese establishment and development of health and social care by focusing on the role and relationships factual and legal between the two sectors: public and private and the foreign influences including that of the ILO on the production of the Lebanese standard, during the three major periods of history in Lebanon: Ottoman, French and independent Lebanon
Brimo, Sara. "L'Etat et la protection de la santé des travailleurs." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020080.
Full textGignon, Maxime. "Protection de la santé et territoires." Paris 8, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA083502.
Full textHealth Protection is provided by the individual but also by society. The right to health protection is a structuring element of health policies that aim to move towards a high level of protection. In France, health protection is an executive mission of the Government, which is founded in the Preamble to the Constitution of 1946. This principle is the basis for an individual right to health protection. This individual right is expressed through increasing requirements to health professionals so that they reach the intended therapeutic result, but also to the state. One of the first patient's rights, is access to care. This access depends on several factors including the availability of professionals and infrastructure. The care need to be quality and appropriate to the patient's health status, and access to care should be no discrimination. The right to health protection is a source of benefit entitlements, rights-obligations and duties that render it effective. The State shall ensure the protection of public health by law within the national territory. However many inequalities exist. The health protection between national, european union and international space is uneven. Extending with advances in biomedical research and the social safety requirement, the field of public health is constantly pushing its limits. Health law affect more and more areas, but cannot become a panacea. This is the side of the "social contract" that we must seek to improve protection
Sudre, Bertrand. "Bioaérosols de l'environnement agricole et protection contre l'allergie." Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA0017.
Full textThe increase in allergic diseases is a public health problem. The studies on farmer's children have shown that children early exposed to farm environment are protected against allergy and asthma and few environmental factors have being yet identified. We present the microbiological and palynologic results of the bio-aerosol contamination in farming setting, its variability and its kinetic, and the results of the PASTUREmicrobio study focusing on a sub-set of farms and dwellings (farmer and rural) within the european PASTURE cohort. The level of airborne contamination of the cattle sheds in winter is 10 exposant 4 UFC/m3 for the cultivable bacteria, [10 exposant 4 - 10 exposant 5] grains/m3 for graminaceous pollens, [10 exposant 4 - 10 exposant 5] UFC/m3 for the actinomycetes and [10 exposant 5 - 10 exposant 6] UFC-spores/m3 for the fungal micro-organisms and spores. Factors significantly associated with the airborne contamination are the seasonal variation and the feeding distribution to livestock. The pollen concentration measured in winter in cattle shed exceeds the outdoor ones during the summer season. The contamination of farm child rooms is linked to the cattle shed's one which is diversified and significantly higher in winter compared to rural children contamination. A differential exposition of rural and farmer children to the bio-aerosols in the stables and dwellings also exist. This work highlights a high and per annual pollen exposure within cattle sheds in parallel with a high bacterial and fungal co-exposure. Those characteristics are potential factors that might explain the protective effect of farming environment against allergic diseases
Lizarbe, López Mayra Sofia, and Jimenez Karina Gabriela Sandoval. "Efectos de la implementación de medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias en la exportación del grano de cacao a Países Bajos en el marco del Tratado de Libre Comercio entre Perú y la Unión Europea, durante el periodo 2009 y 2019." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653376.
Full textThe purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the implementation of sanitary measures on exports of cocoa beans to the Netherlands, according to the current trade agreement between Peru - European Union, during the period 2009 - 2019. Aspects such as, the importance of compliance with the standards established by the institutions authorized for the export of cocoa. In the methodological aspects, the approach used was mixed, that is, qualitative and quantitative. According to the qualitative approach, six key players were selected for the sample and for the quantitative approach, we worked with export data in tons, FOB price, centered on the variable dummy; An instrument was developed with five questions per variable; The Atlas Ti program was used for the analysis of qualitative data and the SPSS version 25 program for quantitative data. The results indicate that the control of contaminants and residues has a positive effect on the quality of the products and the model is viable; In the other hand, it was found that international legislation does not drastically affect the export of Peruvian cocoa beans; The protection of human health from the contaminates and residues in the export of cocoa beans shows prevention in the constant updates of the contents allowed in food. It is concluded that the effect of the implementation of sanitary measures on cocoa bean exports to the Netherlands can be considered positive, for the positive changes generated in the producing country.
Tesis
Coulibaly, Kédia. "La protection sanitaire internationale de l'enfant : contribution à l'étude du droit de l'enfant à la santé." Bordeaux 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR1D011.
Full textIn face with the acuteness of the problems of health or survival of children in the world, the international community has progressively adopted several laws. These laws first had a declarative character and then, the other laws which the states had to sign have an obligatory character. So, the child has now a juridical settlement much more protective for his health. This movement of laws protecting child's health (juridical rules and technical rules) is first characterized by the multiplication of the health settlement (this means specifically children's health) that we called specialization of protection of child's health (realized thanks to the multiplication of functional rules). The multiplication of functional rules (mainly technical rules) universally and regionally, gives then to child's right to health a special and obligatory character. This progressive explanation of child's right to health means not only an enforce of this right, but represents mainly the change from a declarative right to an obligatory rigth. The carrying of the 20 th november 1989 convention corroborates this is idea and traduces at the same time the unification of protecting rules of child. And it's by this systematical unification between the protecting rules of child's rigths and their obligatory character that the child's right to health will be real and executory
M'Voula, Annicet Brice. "Le système de protection sanitaire et sociale en République du Congo et les droits de l'homme." Grenoble 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE21048.
Full textRAFEI-DARMIAN, RIOTTE REGINE. "Reflexions a partir d'experiences en action d'education pour la sante sur la z. U. P. De la chapelle saint luc : place du medecin de p.m.i. dans le systeme de sante." Reims, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REIMM010.
Full textMarissal, Claudine. "La protection sanitaire du jeune enfant en Belgique, 1890-1940: question sociale, enjeux politiques et dimension sexuée." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210609.
Full textCette thèse étudie le mouvement de protection sanitaire du jeune enfant et la médicalisation de la maternité dans une perspective de genre. À travers une analyse des discours de ses promoteurs et des principes d'organisation des oeuvres, elle montre combien les enjeux politiques, sociaux, démographiques et sexués ont durablement influencé l'organisation de la protection infantile et maternelle. Elle apporte de nouvelles réflexions sur la dimension sociale de l'éducation maternelle. Elle met par ailleurs en exergue le rôle essentiel joué par les femmes, aux côtés des médecins, dans la gestion des oeuvres de l'enfance et analyse le statut et les relations de pouvoir qui se sont tissées entre les médecins, les dames patronnesses, les travailleuses sociales et les représentants de l'État. Les investissements sociaux féminins sont analysés sous l'angle de leur autonomie, de leur visibilité et de leur portée émancipatrice. Ce faisant, cette thèse montre de quelle manière les œuvres de l'enfance ont favorisé, de manière assez paradoxale, une transgression des modèles sexués en favorisant un questionnement sur la condition maternelle et l'intervention des femmes dans la sphère publique et politique.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Kounda, Abderrahim. "La protection des droits de la personne face aux nouvelles technologies biomédicales : le cas du Maroc." Perpignan, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PERP0561.
Full textBiology and medicine progresses are obviously the main features of this last century scientific landscape. In order to preserve the rights of all and each member of the mankind against the adversary effects of these progresses, most of advanced countries have erected juridical fences. To try to avoid standards differences between countries on what is legitimate or not, a global reflection leading to a common behavior is in permanent process. In the occidental countries laws are flourishing, while in emerging ones medically assisted procreation, genetics, transplantation or genic therapy are only appealing words for mass media titles. Morocco, as a developping muslim country, with other basic health care priorities, begins to meet these bioethical problems, and will have to face soon the present lack of legislation, taking in account, however, the few positive realisation in the field, remembering the importance of the moroccan folk traditions and the religion, actually source of Moroccan positive law. The first part of our work concerns the bioethical problems and their corresponding solutions in the advanced countries experience. The second part is an evocation of the concept and its actual applications in the kingdom of MoroccoThe conclusion revews the conceptual aspects of bioethics, and proposes a process leading to a legal frame for the biogical and medical activities, in relation with their moral obligations
Didier, Emilie. "La protection sociale et sanitaire des gens de mer : l'exemple des Alpes-Maritimes de l'Empire à la IIIe République." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE0032.
Full textThe protection of seafarers (sailors, fishermen) and their families will be approached through the example of an atypical coastal county : the Alpes-Maritimes throughout a long century. (from the Empire to the IIIrd Republic). In a first approach, the State implemented a system of coverage for the sailors and, by extension for their families, while simultaneously, private initiatives emerged : societies (mutual help associations, trade unions) and private individuals whose actions were manifested through material contributions. As regards the Church, its role of spiritual support was symbolic for the maritime population. In a second approach, the question of the sanitary protection is dealt with. As a matter of fact, the sailors suffered from illnesses and epidemic diseases. Specific prevention measures were organized such as the quarantine period, the lazaretto, verily a "prison". This system of social welfare was a precursor for a dangerous profession that needed to be protected. As time went by, this system became a reference for other professional activities. It was finally outdated in the 20th century. The sailor’s protection system developed from a position of originality into a mere branch of the general organisation of social welfare
Samson, Mélanie. "Protection de la santé et droit international économique : la sécurité sanitaire à l'épreuve de la globalisation des échanges commerciaux." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010289.
Full textVolpe, Sophie. "La protection des réseaux internes des immeubles contre le phénomène de retour d'eau : incidence sanitaire potentielle de ce type d'incident." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P194.
Full textProult, David. "L'évaluation des coûts externes sanitaires : le cas de la production d'électricité." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010010.
Full textRational management of the environment requires knowledge of the costs of environmental impacts. This thesis seeks to define methods for assessing the health costs of atmospheric pollution in order to apply them to the valuation of damages induced by the fossil fuel-based electricity generation. The multifacetted aspects of health maintenance and the principle of sovereignty of individuals' preferences require to look beyond the mere market prices of health expenses. They call for the measurement of the loss of wellbeing resulting from health degradation or the increase in death risk. Theoritical answers to measurement problem of environmental damages have been provided by methods developed in the field of envirommental economics. Indirect market methods used to reveal individuals'preferences in the field of morbidity and mortality have proved to lack efficacy. The examination of health-related contingent valuations shows that individuals make hypothetical trade-offs between money and changes in their wellbeing. This evidence weakens the theory set forth by Kahneman and Knetsch (1992) developed around the existence of embedding effects. Although monetary measurements of variations in satisfaction are undeniably a function of the change in security that individuals are proposed with, their elasticity seems particularly low. This characteristic is observed in both areas of morbidity and mortality. The relative imprecision of contigent valuations in these areas leads to the problem of individuals' capacity to make clear-cut trade-offs between their income and their security. Such an issue calls for cautious utilization of contigent valuations in health damages assessments, in particular as this applies directly to the setting of an optimal pollution level in the framework of public health policies
Nougein, Patrice. "L'évolution du concept de contagion à travers les siècles en occident et les mesures de protection sanitaire qui en ont decoulé." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA07B183.
Full textVaudelle, Catherine. "Dispositifs médicaux stériles de protection des accidents de travail par piqûre." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P163.
Full textGréco, Marjorie. "Le droit dans un environnement équilibré et respectueux de la santé." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0002.
Full textThe first part of these researches aims at studying the causes of the apparition of the Charter of the environment and in particular the right for everyone to live in a balanced and environment, which is conducive to health (Article 1 of the Charter). It then develops the definitions of this right, particularly in the light of international and national laws prior to the Charter,to finally analyze its effectiveness. The lack of effectiveness of the right for everyone to live in a balanced environment that is conducive to health constrains, in a second part, to assimilate the environmental prejudice, as a subjective prejudice, to an objective ecological damage. This allows to analyze the responsibility induced by environmental and health damages. Finally, it is noted that, through all the environmental regulations, an environmental balance between man and nature, and health preservation have systematically been sought. This health protection requires the supervision of wild nature and,subsequently to environmental transformations, the development of solutions to remediate to environmental damage harmful to humans. If all these rules were converging towards a single objective, which would be to live in a balanced environment conducive to health, it could be possible to say that this right is the sign of the emergence of a new concept. However, this body of law remains, to this day, purely political and hypothetical. Its effectiveness exists only occasionally, through a multitude of environmental and urban planning rules, whose large scope also remains an obstacle
Miloudia, Faouzi. "Protection de la santé et mutation du processus d'intégration communautaire." Lyon 3, 2008. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2008_in_miloudia_f.pdf.
Full textThe establishement of the Communities aimed to settle prosperity and joint interests between the peoples of Europe. It set up a backward movement from the Global project and has consecrated the choice of a framework contriving the progressive integration of the domestic markets and the elimination of barriers to trade. Free trade concepts implementation appeared as the first step of an ambitious waves of measures. The realization of the common market was taken as an opportunity to rise above the apparently insurmontable political apathy of the countries involved in the european construction. But it doesn't correspond to Paul RIBEYRE's Project shaped on the cooperation contracted in the field of health since 1851. Although reference to health protection is both deduced from the single market progressive establishment and the full-play of the free-trade principles, it however took a significant place in the european project and contribute to strengthen the enhanced application of its pivotal mechanisms. Moreover it became, especially after the BSE crisis, a emphatic key element of the balanced run of its particular institutions and a decisive way to carry on the political evolution of the European Union beyond the purely economic goals. The relevance of Health's contengencies, the single market achievement and the attention paid on the european citizens'social demands are already being experienced or included amond the European Union's paradigms. This unexpected issue singularize the new direction taken by the Union and doesn't fit any more the liberal option drafted in 1951. The deep changes in the balance of international relations called into question the european standards levels. The protection of Health concerns many fields and seems to direct the debate about the regulation of the international trade led by the WTO and its atypical dispute settlement system. European standards may nevertheless be suitable to structure the global governance and should participate in the construction of the complex world order
Carrère, Christophe. "Profil épidémiologique et protection vaccinale des voyageurs en zone tropicale : analyse et comparaison des données statistiques de 1987 et 1988 du centre de vaccinations internationales de Bordeaux." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR2M122.
Full textHenry, Stéphane. "La lutte contre la tuberculose en Haute-Normandie (1914-1939) : modèle sanitaire exemplaire ou vaste artifice médiatique ?" Le Havre, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LEHA0027.
Full textThe fight against tuberculosis between 1914 and 1939 is the first large-scale health movement of the twentieth century in France. Indeed, many initiatives have been undertaken by the parties in charge of this struggle at different scales (national, regional, departmental and local). Complex network of powers and anti-establishment force, this thesis seeks to dismantle the theory of a globalization of the fight against tuberculosis at this time. For that, we’ve preferred an approach which combines several visions (politicians, medical profession, associations, patients). Thus, if we analyze the policies pursued through the concepts of hygiene, prevention, isolation or protection of children, we also look into the lives of patients and their relationship to disease. From the example of departments of Seine-Inférieure and Eure, we’ve sought to understand and analyze all the workings of this struggle, the various networks of power and its results on the health aspect of people. In other words, was it "an exemplary model of health" or "an extensive media artifice"? If, in the first place, the health and social policies have actually seemed to make a concrete response to the endemic tuberculosis, it was found in the second place, that behind the new plans (dispensary, sanatorium, pavilions of isolation) and behind the doctors and politician’s speeches full of compassion was hiding a much darker reality. The initiatory course of the patient led inexorably to its rejection and the preservation of the species by the child gradually drifted towards eugenics
Bui, Quang Hien. "La « globale socialisation » : vers la prise en charge des personnes âgées dépendantes par les décideurs du secteur sanitaire et social français : essai de modélisation en sciences de gestion." Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090055.
Full textThe older population is growing increasingly. This situation becomes more and more critical that the government recognises and has to deal. Since the Laroque’s report in 1962, the french government’s development of ageing stra tegy had difficulty to get a successful result. We try to understand the way how to carry out the ageing policy in health and social sector. The priorities for action is inadequate what older people need, and what is available. Our study concerns specially the mains actors of the department of health’s and social’s in central and local government by making decision. Our final suggestion is to try to develop a view of a “whole system” approach that we mean “The Globally of socialisation”
Hamerlinck, Céline. "Le Staff de parentalité PMI-hôpital Jeanne de Flandre à Lille : bilan de fonctionnement de l'année 2007." Antilles-Guyane, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AGUY0336.
Full textContext: ln the maternity hospital of the CHRU of Lille, there's a PMI department ( Service for the Protection and Care of Mothers and Children) who finalized a parental unit to help pregant women in socially or psychologically difficult situation. Method : Our study is based on the 2007 parental unit which made it possible for us to work on 51 women expecting children. For each case, we focused on the psychological and social charaterictics, the mobitoring of the pregnant patients, thier return to home and we followed the new-born children until the age of 2. Moreover, we made a survey to get the satisfaction level of the staff working in the parental unit. Results: We compared the results to the 2003 National Perinatal Survey. In other respects, we noticed that, after 2 years, almost 3 children out of 5 were temporarily withdrawn from their family and placed in substitue families either by administrative or judicial decision. Ln addition to that, almost one third of these children had a disease, a behavioral disorder or a significant delay in early learning acquisitions. Conclusion: After 10 years, the staff of Lille maternity hospital has made a real improvement in the care of patients in fragile social or psychological situation. However the staff involved in this programme have to cope with harsh and difficult situations. Despite the work of early prevention, the withdrawal of the chiId is sometimes the only way to protect him. A new doctor recentiy arrived at the head of the PMI service and so did a midwife, who's dedicated to the case of these patients. These events offer new prospects for the prevention and for the help of these families in difficulty
Serre, Marina. "Le "tournant néo-libéral" de la santé ? : les réformes de la protection maladie en France dans les années 1990 ou l'acclimatation d'un référentiel de marché." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010345.
Full textBisaillon, Laura. "Cordon Sanitaire or Healthy Policy? How Prospective Immigrants with HIV are Organized by Canada’s Mandatory HIV Screening Policy." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20643.
Full textGruson, David. "Les centres de gérontologie dans les établissement publics de santé : réflexions autour du principe de séparation entre droit sanitaire et droit médico-social dans la prise en charge des personnes âgées." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA083578.
Full textGerontologic Center, scrutinized as a gathering of the gerontologic activities in public hospitals, can be considered as a relevant point of analysis to construe the principle of separation between hospital law and hospice law in the caring of elderly people. Despite changes in hospital law, such a separation has proved detrimental so far. The main purpose of this study is to highlight the birth of a transverse law of the caring of elderly people. Such an evolvement, which is at stake both at the level of the structures and at the level of the individual rights, is an assertion of the prevalence of the idea of person
Farnarier, Cyril. "Les dimensions sociales d'une politique de santé publique : le cas des consultations de protection infantile." Paris, EHESS, 2009. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01104369.
Full textThis thesis is a contribution to the analysis of the medico-social action as a particular type of intervention. It is based on a field work in the free consultations of "child protection" (protection infantile in French) in France, and questions the medico-social prevention while being "performed". 1bis research also observes the gaps and tensions which exist between legislation, organization of the consultations, professional positions taken by the protagonists, and the specific issue of the public addressed in priority by these consultations. There are numerous stakes within the articulation of medical and social, as well as various medical and social elements raised in the real-life situations. The analysis of these stakes and elements reveals that prevention is crafted, invented, and necessarily redefined in daily interactions
Banerjee, Soutrik. "Téléassistance des malades âgés : développement de l'actimétrie déambuloire nocturne." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30147.
Full textFerrari, Francesca. "Rischi per la salute e dinamiche assicurative : la logica precauzionale in sanita' e nella tutela dell'ambiante." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0038.
Full textDukhan, Yohana. "Améliorer l'efficience des systèmes de santé et la protection financière contre le risque maladie dans les pays en développement." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00480976.
Full textLepont, Ulrike. "Façonner les politiques aux marges de l'Etat : le rôle des experts dans les réformes de la protection maladie aux Etats-Unis (1970-2010)." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10066.
Full textThe number of think tanks, policy institutes, and other centers of public expertise attached to universities or foundations in the United States has continuously grown since the 1970s. Focusing on the field of health insurance policy, this dissertation shows the development of an institutional web of experts specialized in a policy sector who, over the decades, accumulated competencies, knowledge, and influence that played a key role in the elaboration of programs and instruments of reform in this sector. By joining a micro-sociological analysis of these actors and their environment with a macro-sociological consideration of their position in the American political system, we show that an area of expertise has been established outside of the state, which nevertheless controls the production and diffusion of available knowledge used in the elaboration of policy. The examination of this expert space, its influence, and its configuration help us to understand the evolution of the reform programs that led to “Obamacare”, whose contents were ultimately very distant from the universal public insurance system long envisaged by Democrats. The rise of a public policy infrastructure outside of normal administrative parameters – what we term “para-administration” – also explains the federal government’s ability to act in 2010 and the adoption of the Affordable Care Act. This dissertation thus encourages a rethinking of the American state, which takes into account actors situated on the periphery of the bureaucratic system. It demonstrates that being outside the state does not guarantee that non-governmental expert structures can remain independent of the political constraints imposed by policymakers and state institutions
Philippe, Sandra. "Souffrance psychique et action publique : l'institutionnalisation de la norme "santé mentale" dans le dispositif psychiatrique girondin." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40036.
Full textLeleu-Desseaux, Fabienne. "Assister et soigner : l'exemple d'Amiens au XVIIIe sicécle." Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020124.
Full textDomingos, Leandro Gomes. "Proposta de zoneamento ambiental visando a prote??o dos recursos h?dricos de uma bacia hidrogr?fica." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15987.
Full textOne of the most important natural resources for sustaining human life, water, has been losing the basic requirements of quality and quantity sufficient enough to attend the population due to water contamination'problems, often caused by human beings themselves. Because of this, the sources of this resource are often located in remote places of the natural environment to ensure the quality of the water. However, when urban expansion began to occupy these areas, which were once regarded as distant, environmental pollution problems began to occur due to occupation of the land without planning. Based on this occurrence, this study aims to propose environmental zoning for the Maxaranguape river watershed in order to protect its water resources. This is important because this river can serve as a source of supply for the metropolitan area of Natal, the capital of Rio Grande do Norte. In accordance to this proposition, the model of natural soil loss vulnerability (CREPANI et al., 2001), the model of aquifer pollution vulnerability (FOSTER et al., 2006), and the legal incompatibility map (CREPANI et al., 2001) were used to delimit the zones. All this was done with Geographic Information System (GIS) and also created a geographic database update of the basin. The results of the first model mentioned indicated that 63.67% of the basin was classified as moderately stable / vulnerable, 35.66% as moderately vulnerable, and 0.67% as vulnerable. The areas with high vulnerability degree correspond with sand dunes and river channels areas. The second model indicated that 2.84% of the basin has low vulnerability, 70.27%) has median vulnerability, and 26.76% and 0.13% has high vulnerability and extreme vulnerability, respectively. The areas with the highest vulnerability values also refer to part of the sand dunes and river channels besides other areas such as Pureza urban area. The legal incompatibility map indicated that the basin has 85.02 km2 of Permanent Protection Area (PPA) and 14.62% of this area has some incongruity of use. Based on these results it was possible to draw three main zones: Protection and Sustainable Use Zone (PSUZ), Protection and Environmental Restoration Zone (PERZ) and Environmental Control Zone, which are divided into A, B and C. The PSUZ refer to the coastal areas of the basin, where the sand dunes are located. These sites should be areas of environmental protection and of sustainable urban expansion. The ZPRA refer to river channels, which are in high need of rehabilitation. The third zone corresponds to the rest of the basin which should have, in general, the mapping of possible sources of contamination for further control on the use and occupation of the river
Um dos recursos naturais mais importantes para a sustenta??o da vida humana, a ?gua vem perdendo os requisitos b?sicos de qualidade e quantidade suficientes para atender a popula??o devido aos problemas de contamina??o h?drica causados, muitas vezes, pelos pr?prios seres humanos. Todavia, as fontes desses recursos h?dricos geralmente est?o localizadas em lugares distantes, onde as condi??es naturais do meio ambiente ainda asseguram a qualidade dos recursos. Por?m, quando a expans?o urbana come?a a atingir essas ?reas, antigamente tidas como distantes, problemas de polui??o ambiental s?o gerados devido ? ocupa??o do solo feita de forma n?o planejada. Com base nisso, este estudo objetiva propor um zoneamento ambiental da bacia hidrogr?fica do rio Maxaranguape, visando a prote??o de seus recursos h?dricos, uma vez que eles poder?o servir como fonte de abastecimento ? regi?o metropolitana de Natal, capital do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Dessa forma, utilizaram-se os resultados obtidos nos modelos de vulnerabilidade ? perda natural do solo (CREPANI et al., 2001) e de vulnerabilidade do aqu?fero ? contamina??o (FOSTER et al., 2006), juntos com a carta de incompatibilidade legal (CREPANI et al., 2001) para realiza??o do zoneamento ambiental. Tudo isso foi feito em Sistema de Informa??o Geogr?fica (SIG) e ainda foi criado um banco de dados geogr?ficos atualizados da bacia. Os resultados do primeiro modelo citado indicaram que 63,67% da bacia foram classificados como medianamente est?veis/vulner?veis, 35,66% como moderadamente vulner?veis e 0,67% como vulner?vel. As ?reas pertencentes ?s classes mais vulner?veis correspondem principalmente ?s ?reas de dunas e dos canais fluviais. O segundo modelo indicou que 2,84% da bacia possuem vulnerabilidade baixa, 70,27% vulnerabilidade m?dia, 26,76% vulnerabilidade alta e 0,13% vulnerabilidade extrema. As ?reas com os mais altos valores de vulnerabilidade correspondem tamb?m ? parte de dunas e dos canais fluviais, al?m de outras ?reas como a zona urbana da cidade de Pureza. A carta de incompatibilidade legal indicou que a bacia possui 85,02 km2 de ?rea de Preserva??o Permanente (APP), sendo que 14,62% dessa ?rea possuem alguma incongru?ncia de uso. Com base nesses resultados, foi poss?vel tra?ar tr?s zonas principais: Zona de Prote??o e Uso Sustent?vel (ZPUS), Zona de Prote??o e Recupera??o Ambiental (ZPRA) e Zona de Controle Ambiental, que foi dividida em A, B e C (ZCAA, ZCAB, ZCAC). A ZPUS refere-se ?s ?reas mais pr?ximas do litoral da bacia, onde tamb?m ficam as dunas, e aconselhou-se que sejam criados locais de prote??o ambiental e de expans?o urbana sustent?vel. A ZPRA corresponde aos canais fluviais e foi recomendada a recupera??o dessas ?reas. A terceira zona corresponde ao restante da bacia e recomendou-se, no geral, o mapeamento detalhado das poss?veis fontes de contamina??o para posterior controle no uso e na ocupa??o do solo
Barroy, Hélène. "Toward Universal Health Coverage : Assessing Health Financing Reforms in Low and Middle Income Countries." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF10459.
Full textUniversal Health Coverage (UHC) is to ensure that everyone can use the health services they need without risk of financial ruin or impoverishment. While the UHC concept offers a powerful framework for a nation, all countries, irrespective of their income level, are struggling with achieving or sustaining universal coverage. In this context, generating evidence about countries’ experiences and sharing lessons on key constraints and strategic choices used to overcome technical barriers would likely enable low-and-middle countries to move forward and make faster progress toward UHC. The thesis provides a comparative analysis of policy instruments used by five selected country cases (Niger, Vietnam,Bangladesh, Gabon and France), to expand health coverage and financial coverage. Analysis shows that single interventions, like user fee removal (Niger) or community-based insurance (Bangladesh), can increase service utilization for the most disadvantaged groups but face strong limitations toward greater ambitions. More articulated reforms have demonstrated significant gains in expanding health coverage but also face challenges in finding the adequate fiscal space (Gabon) and in strengthening system’s efficiency and equity (Vietnam). Finally, the thesis analyzed the effects of different reforms used to sustain gains of UHC in mature health systems, like France. Overall, the thesis demonstrated that the reform agenda for universal coverage is large, complex and perpetual but that certain pathways can ensure success
Delor, Pierre. "Les services à domicile pour les personnes âgées et les personnes handicapées : solvabilisation de l’accès aux services et protection des bénéficiaires." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL20004/document.
Full textSince fifty years the social action for the elderly and disabled persons has been built by successive stacks of legislation and regulations without desire for harmonization and consistency.Home services created in the last twenty years are no exception to this trend, whether towards children and adults with disabilities and the elderly, health or medico-social.This thesis is the state that exists by searching how recipient users have access to services through their own financial resources, through public funding or through national solidarity. Proposals for simplification of the devices, to ensure consistency between them are made to allow wider access.The search for the protection of beneficiaries is present, especially in the study of processes of professionalization, through training or professional organization of the sector. Proposals are made there. The protection of beneficiaries is also studied in terms of existing legal frameworks, where it seems necessary to make it stronger. Finally to expand the support for family caregivers, an essential pillar of taking into account the dependence of the elderly and disabled persons, we have to change the current law
Cantero, Martínez Josefa. "Crisis and mutation of the public health service in Spain." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116437.
Full textEl objeto de este trabajo es analizar los efectos que las reformas adoptadas recientemente en España con motivo de la crisis económica han tenido en el servicio público sanitario. No se trata solo de meros recortes presupuestarios y de medidas de ahorro en el gasto público. Las reformas buscan la eficiencia y la sostenibilidad económica del sistema sanitario. Sin embargo, han producido una importante «mutación» del servicio público que ha afectado a los principios básicos inspiradores del modelo, al modelo de aseguramiento, a su universalidad, a su financiación y, con ello, a los principios de equidad y cohesión del sistema.
Costa, Djeson Mateus Alves da. "Impactos do estresse salino e da cobertura morta nas caracter?sticas qu?micas do solo e no desenvolvimento do amaranto." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2007. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15870.
Full textAvailability of good quality water has been reduced vertiginously, over the last decade, in the world. In some regions, the water resources have high concentration of the dissolved salts, these characteristics of the water make it s use impossible. Water quality can be a limitation for irrigated agriculture, principally in regions of arid or semiarid climate where the water resources are generally saline and are exposed at high evaporation ratio. For that reason, precipitation of the salts occurs near the soil surface and those salts themselves cumulate in the vegetal tissue, reducing the soil fertility and crop production. The adoption of tolerant crop to the water salinity and soil salinity, adaptable to the climatic conditions is other emergent necessity. This work had the goal of studying the effects of four salinity levels of the irrigation water salinity and use of mulch, dried leaves of Forest mangrove (Acacia mangiumWilld), in cultivated soil with amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus, BRS Alegria variety), in greenhouse. It was utilized the transplant of plants to PVC columns, containing 30 kg of silty loam soil, 10 days after emerging, with space of 50 x 50 cm between lines. Treatments were composed by combination of four levels of salinity (0.147; 1.500; 3.000 e 4.500 dS m-1), obtained by addition NaCl (commercial) to irrigation water and soil with and without protection, by mulch. A factorial system 4 x 2 was used with four repetitions, totalizing 32 parcels. The concentrations of nutrients in soil solution have been evaluated, in the dry matter of the vegetal tissue (roots, stem, leaves and raceme residue), at the end of the vegetative cycle. The use of soil protection reduced time for the beginning inflorescence of plants, at the same time, the increase of the salinity delayed this phase of amaranth development. The use of the mulch effectively increased the height, stem diameter, area of the larger leaf, humidity and dry matter content and amaranth grain production. The vegetal species showed salinity tolerance to experimented levels. The adopted treatments did not affect the pH values, exchangeable cation contents, electrical conductivity of soil solution (EC1:5) and saturated extract (ECSE), and Ca+2, Mg+, Fe+2 and Mn+2 contents, in the soil solution. The increase of the salinity concentration in the irrigation water inhibited the mineralization process of the organic matter (OM) and, consequently, the efficiency in the it?s utilization by plants, at the same time, produced increase in the values of the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and potassium adsorption ratio (PAR), in the soil solution. Therefore, the use of the mulch did not affect the first three parameters. The protein and nutrient contents: K+, Ca+2, P, Mg+2 e Cu+2, in amaranth grains, were improved by tillage condition. The raceme residues showed chemical/nutritional composition that makes advantageous its application in animal ration. In this context, it follows that amaranth tolerate the saline stress, of the irrigation water, until 4.500 dS m-1, temperature and relative humidity of the air predominant in the experimental environment
A disponibilidade de ?gua de boa qualidade tem diminu?do vertiginosamente nas ?ltimas d?cadas, em todo o mundo. Em algumas regi?es os recursos h?dricos dispon?veis apresentam altos teores de sais dissolvidos, inviabilizando a sua utiliza??o. A qualidade da ?gua pode ser um fator limitante para a agricultura irrigada, principalmente nas regi?es de clima ?rido ou semi-?rido onde os recursos h?dricos s?o geralmente salinos e se encontram expostos a altas taxas de evapora??o que ocasiona a precipita??o de sais na superf?cie do solo e ac?mulo no tecido vegetal, diminuindo, respectivamente, a fertilidade e o rendimento da cultura. Logo, a ado??o de cultivares tolerantes ? salinidade da ?gua de irriga??o e do solo, assim como, resistentes ?s condi??es clim?ticas ? outra necessidade emergente na atualidade. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de estudar os efeitos de quatro n?veis de salinidade da ?gua de irriga??o e da cobertura morta, folhas secas de ac?cia (Acacia mangiumWilld), em solo cultivado com amaranto (Amaranthus cruentus, variedade BRS Alegria), conduzido em casa de vegeta??o. Foi utilizado o sistema de forma??o de mudas, transplantadas 10 dias ap?s emerg?ncia para colunas de PVC contendo 30 kg de solo franco-siltoso, no espa?amento de 0,50 x 0,50 m. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela combina??o de quatro n?veis de salinidade (0,147; 1,500; 3,000 e 4,500 dS m-1), obtidos pela adi??o de NaCl (comercial) ? ?gua de irriga??o, e solo com e sem prote??o por cobertura morta. Utilizou-se um arranjo fatorial 4x2 com quatro repeti??es, perfazendo um total de 32 parcelas. Foram avaliados os teores de nutrientes presentes na solu??o do solo e na mat?ria seca do tecido vegetal (ra?zes, caule, folhas, gr?os e res?duo de pan?cula), ao final do ciclo vegetativo. O uso de prote??o do solo reduziu o tempo para o in?cio da flora??o das plantas, ao mesmo tempo em que o aumento da salinidade retardou essa fase do desenvolvimento do amaranto. O uso da prote??o do solo proporcionou aumentos significativos na altura, no di?metro de caule, na ?rea da folha mais desenvolvida, na quantidade de mat?ria fresca e seca e na produ??o de gr?os do amaranto. A esp?cie vegetal apresentou toler?ncia ? salinidade, para os n?veis experimentados. Os tratamentos adotados n?o afetaram os valores de pH, capacidade de troca de c?tions (CTC), condutividade el?trica da solu??o do solo (CE1:5) e extrato saturado (CEES), e teores de Ca+2, Mg+2, Fe+2 e Mn+2, na solu??o de solo. O aumento da concentra??o salina na ?gua de irriga??o inibiu o processo de mineraliza??o da mat?ria org?nica (MO) e, consequentemente, a efici?ncia de seu aproveitamento pelas plantas, ao mesmo tempo em que provocou aumento nos valores da porcentagem de s?dio troc?vel (PST), da raz?o de adsor??o de s?dio (RAS) e de pot?ssio (RAP) na solu??o de solo. No entanto, o uso de prote??o do solo n?o afetou os tr?s primeiros fatores. Os teores de prote?na bruta e dos nutrientes: K+, Ca+2, P, Mg+2 e Cu+2, nos gr?os do amaranto, foram beneficiados pelas condi??es de cultivo. Os res?duos de pan?culas apresentaram composi??o qu?mica/nutricional que favorece a sua utiliza??o como complemento para ra??o animal. Neste contexto, pode-se concluir que o amaranto ? tolerante ao estresse salino, da ?gua de irriga??o, at? o n?vel de 4,500 dS m-1 e ?s condi??es de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar predominantes no ambiente experimental
Borg, André. "Le monopole officinal : étude sur l’influence du monopole officinal sur l’exercice professionnel du pharmacien." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0333.
Full textThe French pharmacist monopoly is a privilege with important counterparts and obligations that only a pharmacist can assume. Qualified as a pharmaceutical exception, it is intended to meet the protection of public health. Currently, the pharmacy sector is going through a deep crisis and is at a major turning point in its development. The current model seems unsuitable and obsolete to face the issues and challenges of the profession. Is it still likely to endure as it exists? Increasingly small despite ever-increasing demands, it is fragmented to such an extent that the structuring of the drug's retail distribution network has turned into an unidentified object. Hesitation between commercial activity and liberal activity, questioning of the principle of indivisibility, the pharmacist evolves within a normative framework which is no longer buoyant, not to say recessive. Subject to excesses and controversies, the French system is called into question both from a National and Community point of view. What if this questioning would not constitute an opportunity for the pharmacist rather than an inevitability?
Journy, Neige. "Analyse de la relation entre l’exposition aux rayonnements ionisants lors d’examens de scanographie et la survenue de pathologie tumorale, au sein de la cohorte « Enfant Scanner »." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T065/document.
Full textComputed tomography (CT) is a powerful imaging technique that provides great benefits for diagnosis and medical management of patients. Nonetheless, the widespread use of this procedure raises many concerns about the potential adverse effects induced by X-rays exposure, both in clinical practice and in terms of public health. First epidemiological studies have suggested an increased risk of cancer associated with CT scan exposures in childhood or adolescence. The interpretation of these results is, however, controversial, and evidence about radiation-induced risks of cancer is still limited at this level of exposure and during childhood.In France, the "Enfant Scanner" cohort was set up by IRSN to study the incidence of cancer among more than 100,000 children who received CT scans before the age of 10 in 21 university hospitals. This study is part of the European Epi-CT project – coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer – which includes nine national cohorts set up on the basis of a common protocol. The current thesis, based on the French cohort, focuses on characterizing the exposure of children receiving diagnostic CT scans and quantifying the risk of cancer associated with these exposures.Dosimetric assessment was performed from the radiological protocols used in paediatrics between 2000 and 2011 in the participating hospitals. This study presents the evolution of the exposures during the period and the variability of practices in the radiology departments. The results show that there is a leeway for optimizing the procedures and limiting the exposure of patients, especially for scans of the head that account for most of the examinations in paediatrics.From these exposure measurements, a quantitative assessment of cancer risk potentially induced by CT scans in paediatrics was performed – on the basis of estimates of risk in other contexts of ionizing radiation exposure. The results show that each CT scan could be associated with an excess risk of tumours of the central nervous system, breast cancer, thyroid cancer or leukaemia ranging from 0.01‰ to 5‰. Cancer risks may be up to 7 times higher for patients aged 1 year compared to 10 year olds. Uncertainties attached to these risk predictions were quantified by simulations.From the follow-up of cancer incidence in the cohort, the dose-response relation was studied between the risk of tumors of the central nervous system, leukaemia and lymphoma, and cumulative X-ray doses to the organs of interest from CT scans. No significant increased risk was observed. Indeed, in 2011, the duration of the follow-up, i.e. 4 years on average, was very short. The analyzes have nevertheless characterized the impact of (acquired or hereditary) immunodeficiencies and other genetic factors predisposing to cancer on the risk estimates, and highlighted the importance of considering the indication of examinations in studies on CT scans.The follow-up of the cohort should be extended to provide more robust risk estimates. Extension of this study as well as expected results from other cohorts, particularly within the Epi-CT project, would provide, in the next 5 years, significant progresses on the issue of the potential adverse effects of CT. To date, risk predictions from quantitative risk assessment are still uncertain, especially for cerebral tumours, but should help to guide the use of CT. In addition, efforts for optimizing the radiological procedures are still needed to reduce the doses delivered in paediatrics and the potential associated risks
Kress, Alejandro. "La Unión Europea como modelo de protección de datos en eHealth, su influencia y barreras a la convergencia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/406042.
Full textA partir de 2018 se pone en práctica en la UE una nueva regulación de protección de datos, lo que representará un hito histórico, ahora que Europa sienta las bases legales del mercado único digital. En el entorno del Big Data en eHealth conviene evaluar la influencia de la actual regulación de la UE respecto a los datos de salud. Esta investigación surge de la idea de analizar la influencia del derecho a la protección de datos personales, nacido en Europa y proyectado en las últimas décadas en otras zonas geográficas como América Latina. La privacidad en tiempos del Big Data no está per se garantizada. El marco regulatorio de datos de salud en la UE se puede considerar un modelo de protección de datos a escala internacional. En 2016 se celebró el décimo aniversario del Día Internacional de la Protección de Datos, establecido a iniciativa del Comité de Ministros del Consejo de Europa y la Comisión Europea para concienciar a todos los ciudadanos. Para contribuir a estos avances en la ciencia, se despliegan múltiples bases de datos y herramientas, con sistemas que son variados y complejos técnicamente, aplicados a diferentes disciplinas científicas. El uso de estos recursos, diversos y fragmentados en muchas ocasiones, ha conducido a la UE a desarrollar distintas iniciativas para la normalización del acceso y el tratamiento de la información y los sistemas, dando lugar a lo que podemos calificar como un modelo de referencia. Esta investigación pretende arrojar luz en cuanto al motor de este modelo y sus implicaciones fuera del territorio europeo, especialmente teniendo en consideración la experiencia en América Latina. Se trata de valorar la magnitud que hoy tienen conceptos como Big Data, eHealth, protección de datos e historia clínica electrónica, después de casi 50 años de avances en materia de protección de datos, desde que, en el seno de Europa, apareció la primera regulación de protección de datos de carácter personal. La Unión Europea es la jurisdicción más regulada en materia de protección de datos y son los propios ciudadanos europeos los que han impulsado los cambios legislativos y la defensa de sus derechos. La ley protege de forma especial los datos de salud. La investigación científica y la atención sanitaria en el entorno de eHealth también requieren un marco de trabajo estable, con seguridad jurídica, en el que ha trabajado la Comisión Europea. Las fases de esta investigación son tres:-Partiendo de una amplia revisión del estado del arte para obtener una visión integral, esta primera fase se ha centrado en el marco europeo analizando la evolución de la protección de datos hacia su plena integración en el seno de la UE, en el contexto de la salud y las nuevas tecnologías, a través de las actitudes sobre protección de datos e identidad electrónica de los ciudadanos europeos, y comparando la cultura sobre datos de carácter personal, dentro de la UE, hacia la adaptación a un marco legal armonizado.-En la segunda fase se analizan las seis principales economías de la UE, y se compara con las seis mayores economías de Latinoamérica, para atender a las ventajas de la convergencia de terceros países con la política europea, y concluir con la influencia de la regulación de la UE.-Una vez analizada la interrelación del marco europeo (UE) y latinoamericano, se abordan en una tercera fase las dificultades a las que se enfrentan terceros países, desde el ejemplo latinoamericano, a la hora de desarrollar un marco armonizado. Se concluye que los datos de salud son muy preciados, pero conllevan enormes problemas relativos a la privacidad y la seguridad, por lo que la política sobre privacidad se presenta como una materia que va a desempeñar un papel estratégico especialmente en las empresas que traten datos de ciudadanos europeos. La especial protección que reciben los datos de salud en Europa marca tendencia a la vez que la UE se erige como modelo internacional de protección de datos.
Barbosa, Joelson Kayto Feitosa. "Conflito de usos da ?gua e ocupa??o do solo da Bacia Hidrogr?fica do rio Pitimbu no munic?pio de Maca?ba, RN." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15946.
Full textCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Due to the increasing activities and its disordered occupation, the catchment of the Pitimbu river is reason of concern for the population, since the river empties in the lagoon of the Jiqui where 30% of the water of this lagoon are caught for the supplying the city of Natal, playing an important fuction in the supply of water superficial for the capital of the Rio Grande do Norte. The superior stretch of the hydrography catchment of the Pitimbu river - Maca?ba/RN, object of this study, is denoted by the eminently agricultural occupation with the use of the irrigated agriculture in the many properties that compose this stretch. Because of this becomes necessary to analyze the availability of the water resources in the catchment of the Pitimbu river, in the superior stretch, collating with the use and occupation of the existing terrain. The stretch in study was divided in eight points which had been performed tests throughout the water and analyzed the parameters physicist-chemistries and heavy metals that are praised by resolution CONAMA n? 357 e, visits in field with photographic survey for characterization of this verifying the situation where if it finds the river. The stretch presented some divergence in the parameters of pH and iron, however the results denote a characteristic of the region. The great amount of slide barrages throughout the river and the wet street was observed, had also verified near the edges the launching of garbage and, the great amount of aquatic vegetation. With this it is concluded that the water of the river can be used for human supplying, therefore inside presents a quality of drinking waters of the standards demanded for resolution CONAMA n? 357, in this way, the stretch in study could be adopted as an Envoiremental Area Protection (APA), to preserve and to guarantee, at least in this stretch, that its condition remains unchanged and continues to supply of permanent form a water of excellent quality
Devido ?s atividades crescentes e sua ocupa??o desordenada, a bacia do rio Pitimbu ? motivo de preocupa??o para a popula??o, visto que o rio des?gua na lagoa do Jiqui onde 30% da ?gua desta lagoa ? captada para o abastecimento da cidade de Natal, desempenhando um papel importante na disponibiliza??o de ?gua doce superficial para a capital do estado do Rio Grande do Norte. O trecho superior da bacia hidrogr?fica do rio Pitimbu Maca?ba/RN, objeto deste estudo, ? denotado pela ocupa??o eminentemente rural com a utiliza??o da agricultura irrigada nas diversas propriedades que comp?em este trecho. Diante disto faz-se necess?rio analisar a disponibilidade dos recursos h?dricos na bacia do rio Pitimbu, no trecho superior, frente ao uso e ocupa??o do solo existente. O trecho em estudo foi dividido em oito pontos aos quais foram realizadas coletas de ?gua e analisado os par?metros f?sico-qu?micos e metais pesados que s?o preconizados pela resolu??o CONAMA n? 357 e, visitas em campo com levantamento fotogr?fico para caracteriza??o deste verificando a situa??o em que se encontra o rio. O trecho apresentou alguma diverg?ncia nos par?metros de pH e ferro, por?m os resultados denotam uma caracter?stica da regi?o. Foi observada a grande quantidade de barramentos ao longo do rio e as passagens molhadas, tamb?m se verificaram o lan?amento de lixo pr?ximo ?s margens e, a grande quantidade de vegeta??o aqu?tica. Com isso conclui-se que a ?gua do rio pode ser utilizada para abastecimento humano, pois apresenta uma qualidade de ?gua pot?vel dentro dos padr?es exigidos pela resolu??o CONAMA n? 357, desta forma, o trecho em estudo poderia vir a ser adotado como uma ?rea de Prote??o Ambiental (APA), para preservar e garantir, pelo menos neste trecho, que sua condi??o permane?a inalterada e continue a fornecer de forma permanente uma ?gua de excelente qualidade
Goumas, Dimitrios. "Possibilites de detection d'erwinia chrysanthemi pv. Dianthicola (hellmers) dickey 1979-agent de la bacteriose du dahlia sp. Evaluation des methodes immunoenzymatiques pour le controle sanitaire du materiel de propagation." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066405.
Full textAwawda, Sameera. "A roadmap to attain universal health coverage in developing countries : a microsimulation-based dynamic general equilibrium model." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/190925_AWAWDA_480wiwc30esmfbi673fafoz83y_TH.pdf.
Full textUniversal Health Coverage (UHC) has received during the last decade a revived interest by policy-makers, international organizations and researchers worldwide. There has been hitherto no theoretical-empirical work that can enable to assess the feasibility of UHC and its potential effects at both micro- and macro-economic levels. This thesis presents an operationalizing theoretical framework that is capable of addressing the above issues using dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model and microsimulation technique. The first chapter presents the DSGE model that is calibrated to capture the salient features of an archetype developing economy. Results illustrate how the degree of financial-risk protection can vary with the financing-mix used to implement the UHC reform. The second chapter assesses the macro-fiscal conduciveness of UHC reforms and its impact on welfare and public finance in the particular context of Palestine. Results show that while UHC can enhance welfare, a parallel expansion of the breadth and width of coverage may not be feasible unless a policy adjustment is undertaken. The third chapter examines the potential impact of UHC reforms on intergenerational inequalities in view of fiscal sustainability. The question of who bears the burden of the UHC is addressed using an overlapping generation model, while a convenient measure to assess the social impact of UHC-financing strategies is proposed. Results show that under conditions of limited fiscal space, the choice between deferred-debt and current UHC-financing implies a trade-off between fiscal sustainability against intergenerational inequality, with which the policy-maker will have to confront
Chouaibi, Meriam. "Droits du patient : étude comparée entre la France et la Tunisie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1055.
Full textThe french legal system attaches great importance to patient rights, mainly through the law of 4 March 2002. This text was constructed to place the patient at the center of the device and assigning the rights to as a subject of law. This idea is almost absent in tunisian law. In Tunisia, legislation on the rights of patients is inadequate : the rights of patients are devoted so scattered in several legal texts. It is true that the tunisian legislature has defined certain rights for patients. However, these legislative consecrations do not allow us to confirm the idea that the patient is the center of the medical relationship, particularly because medical paternalism still finds consecration in Tunisia. The comparative study showed some convergence between the two legal systems but also important differences. Thus, for a country like Tunisia, whose health system confronts severe difficulties not only its infrastructure but also the legislative, the code of public health in general and the law of 4 March 2002 for the rights of patients, particular, can be an effective source for in-depth changes. However, if in France the Law of 4 March 2002 occupies a prominent place in the corpus of rules of health law, there is no denying that the patient's rights today facing implementation difficulties. Even if the concern of the french parliament was to maximally protect the rights of patients, some flaws still to report
Naruo, Mauro Kenji. "O estudo do consórcio entre municípios de pequeno porte para disposição final de resíduos sólidos urbanos utilizando sistema de informações geográficas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18137/tde-30092010-115258/.
Full textThe consortium are known by the growth of the accomplishment capacity that grants to the participants, and larger efficiency in the use of the available resources, what would aid the small local governments to solve the lack of resources. This work presents the study of the intermunicipal consortium system for the destination of the urban solid waste, to aid the small cities to solve the inadequate destination of the waste, responsible for constant environmental damages. The studies were developed through the costs analysis with logistics focus, on the strategic level of facilities location and the vehicle routing. The studies were possible with the aid of the software TransCAD, a tool of Geographical Information System. Through the TransCAD, being obeyed the imposed restrictions, the location of the sanitary landfill was made, and vehicles routing, to take to the lowest logistics cost. To reach the situation of lowest cost, several configurations were considered, in which the number of sanitary landfill for the cities were varied, and the inclusion or not the solid waste transfer stations. The developed method promoted the cost analysis of the implantation and operation of the consortium system, from the waste collection, until the final disposition in sanitary landfills. The results of this work proved quantitatively that the consortium is more efficient than the isolated solution for each city.
Soldatenko, Alexandra. "Les implications juridiques des nanotechnologies." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAA033.
Full textWhile a significant number of products containing nanomaterials is already in widespread use, we have little understanding of risks and benefits they can bring to the society in the long term. The objective of this PhD thesis is to answer the following question: which regulatory framework can ensure a high level of protection against real or suspected risks of nanotechnologies while promoting competitiveness and innovation ? Although the European Union and the United States have attempted to find nuanced solutions according to the needs, capacities and challenges, which are proper to each sector concerned and their respective legal traditions, the emerging regulatory framework for nanotechnologies is characterised by a high degree of fragmentation
Ratier, Cristiane. "Mecanismos para promoção do reúso de água nas indústrias das bacias do Alto Iguaçu e afluentes do Alto Ribeira (PR)." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2637.
Full textA água é essencial para a vida no planeta e é necessária para diversas atividades humanas. Fatores como o crescimento demográfico, a expansão industrial e a progressiva urbanização, causaram o pronunciado aumento da demanda global de água, em concorrência com a redução da disponibilidade deste recurso natural. Assim, mesmo que haja volume de precipitações significativo, há risco de escassez hídrica. Desta equação resulta a necessidade premente de incentivar ações voltadas à economia e ao uso racional dos recursos hídricos. Como uma das práticas da gestão dos recursos hídricos, a adoção do reúso de água na indústria pode contribuir para a economia do insumo e a redução da poluição. O estudo parte da premissa de que a bonificação estabelecida pelo Comitê do Alto Iguaçu e Afluentes do Alto Ribeira (COALIAR), na Resolução nº 05/2013, não tem efetividade para incentivar o reúso de água. O COALIAR abrange parte da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba e municípios contíguos, no estado do Paraná. O objetivo da pesquisa é estudar os mecanismos de incentivo ao reúso de água vigentes na região do COALIAR. Como metodologia, foi utilizada a revisão bibliográfica, a pesquisa documental e a pesquisa de campo, por meio de entrevistas. Foram feitas entrevistas com atores envolvidos com recursos hídricos na região do COALIAR. A pesquisa classifica-se como descritiva e exploratória e para o tratamento dos dados foi adotada a abordagem qualitativa. Como conclusão, inferiu-se que para fomentar a prática de reúso de água são recomendáveis as normas premiais, em detrimento das normas punitivas. Os incentivos ao reúso de água podem ser estabelecidos por meio de descontos significativos, incidentes sobre valores cobrados pelo uso dos recursos hídricos, bem como por descontos e isenções fiscais. Considera-se, também, que o Poder Público deve divulgar amplamente os dados sobre os riscos de escassez hídrica e sobre os comportamentos que podem contribuir para a preservação da água.
Water is essential for life on the planet and it is necessary for various human activities. Factors such as population growth, industrial expansion and progressive urbanization have led to a pronounced increase in global water demand, in competition with reduced availability of this natural resource. Thus, even if there is significant precipitation volume, the risk of water scarcity is not excluded. From this equation results the urgent need to encourage actions aimed at the economy and the rational use of water resources. As one of the practices of water resources management, the adoption of water reuse in industry can contribute to the economy of the input and the reduction of pollution. The study starts from the premise that the subsidy established by the Comitê do Alto Iguaçu e Afluentes do Alto Ribeira (COALIAR), in Resolution number 05/2013, has no effect to encourage the reuse of water. The COALIAR covers part of the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba and contiguous counties contíguos, in the state of ParanaThe objective of the research is to study the water reuse incentive mechanisms in the region of the COALIAR. As a methodology, bibliographic review, documentary research and field research were used through interviews. Interviews were conducted with actors involved with water resources in the region of the COALIAR. The research is classified as descriptive and exploratory and for the treatment of the data, the qualitative approach was adopted. As a conclusion, it was inferred that to promote the practice of water reuse, it is recommended that the norms be awarded, to the detriment of punitive norms. Incentives for water reuse can be established through significant discounts, levied on amounts charged for the use of water resources, as well as discounts and tax exemptions. It is also considered that the Public Authorities should widely disseminate data on the risks of water scarcity and on the behaviors that may contribute to the preservation of water.