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Irwansyah, Irwansyah, Sofian Sofian, and Ni'matuljannah Akhsan. "Identifikasi Karakteristik Gejala Serangan Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV) dan Intensitasnya pada Tanaman Pisang di Beberapa Kecamatan di Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara." Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika Lembab 2, no. 1 (2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35941/jatl.2.1.2019.2536.55-60.
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Banana is one of the fruit commodities that are consumed by many people. Banana dwarf disease is an important disease in Indonesia.This study aims to identify the characteristics of BBTV attack symptoms on banana plants and the physical characteristics of banana plants which are attacked by different planting patterns, sanitation and weed control.This research was carried out in several sub-districts in Kutai Kartanegara District, namely Samboja sub-district, Muara Jawa sub-district, Loa Janan sub-district, Muara Badak sub-district, Loa Kulu sub-district. The method used is the survey method, which is direct observation in the field using a modified score based on the appearance of the sick morphology of the plant (Brooks, 1999).Data obtained from each plot was processed to determine the intensity of each-plot disease using the formula for calculating disease severity (Agrios, 1997). Disease intensity data are compared based on sampling land conditions. Based on the results of a survey conducted at several observation points spread across 5 sub-districts, it can be concluded that the symptom severity is higher in mixed-crop, uses sanitation and weed control compared to monoculture, without sanitation and weed control. The average score of the assessment is a score of 3 with characteristics: (1) the edges of the leaves turn yellow quite severe, (2) the narrowing of the leaves or twisting (3) the occurrence of distortion, dwarf and necrosis (4) found more than four infected banana stems in clump.
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Mudana, I. Made, Nyoman Adiputra, and I. B. G. Pujaastawa. "HUBUNGAN SANITASI RUMAH DENGAN KEJADIAN PENYAKIT TUBERKULOSIS (TB) DI KECAMATAN KUTA." ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) 11, no. 1 (2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ejes.2017.v11.i01.p09.
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RELATIONSHIP HOUSING SANITATION WITH TUBERCULOSIS DISEASES (TB) INCIDENCE IN KUTA DISTRICTOne of the endemic infectious diseases occured in the community is tuberculosis (TB). The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated about one third of the world's population has been infected by the bacteria mycobacterium tuberculosis. Badung regency as one of the districts in the province of Bali also having cases of tuberculosis. From the report Badung Health Agency in 2015 was recorded 275 TB patients. From 6 districts in Badung district, subdistrict of Kuta occupy the highest number of cases recorded 100 patients. tuberculosis is closely related to homes sanitation that do not meet health requirements. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of home sanitation with disease incidence of tuberculosis in the district of Kuta. Based on the type of research is observational analytic, design research is a case control studies linking ie risk factors. (Home sanitation) with TB disease events, by comparing the case group and the control group. The population in this study are patients with TB BTA (+) were treated working area Puskesmas Kuta I and Puskesmas Kuta II sanitation as well as his home. The number of samples in this study was 60 consisting of the case group and the control group. How sampling is the total population of TB patients in the last 3 months of 2015 as well as sanitary home. Data collected from interviews, observations and measurements and then analyzed using chi square and followed by multiple logistic regression test. From the statistic test bivariate home sanitation with tuberculosis disease incidence 6 variables showed that: (1) lighting p = 0,00 (p< 0,05) OR = 21, (2) humidity p = 0,00 (p< 0,05) OR = 21,36 , (3) ventilation p = 0,00 (p< 0,05)OR = 11, (4) the walls of the house p = 0,00 (p< 0,05) OR = 8,64, (5) density residential home p = 0,00 (p<0,05) OR = 16,43 and (6) house floor p = 0,22 (p>0,05) OR = 2,143. To determine the relationship of all independent variables simultaneously multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression test. Based on the results obtained that there are three independent variables significantly related (p<0,05) with the dependent variable is the humidity (OR = 19,158, 95% CI 3,171 –115,751), ventilation (OR = 6,408, 95% CI = 1,199 to 34,236), residential density (OR = 13,342, 95% CI = 2,261 – 78,733). Probability of people who occupy the house with sanitation (Humidity, Ventilation and Residential density) in the district of Kuta to contract tuberculosis (TB) is 97,08%. Based on these results, we can conclude that from the test bivariate (6 variables) are: lighting, humidity, ventilation, walls of houses, residential density and house floor associated with the incidence of tuberculosis in the district of Kuta. While the advice may be given to: (1). people who live in the district of Kuta in order to build or occupy a dwelling house to take into account the standard of sanitation and healthy home. (2). Government / agencies in order to provide guidance to the public in order to build houses of spatial attention and care homes that meet health requirements so that people who lived in the house to feel safe, comfortable, and avoid the disease especially those stemming from poor sanitation home.
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Singh, Parvati, Manisha Shah, and Tim A. Bruckner. "Child Undernutrition following the Introduction of a Large-Scale Toilet Construction Campaign in India." Journal of Nutrition 151, no. 8 (2021): 2455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab150.
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ABSTRACT Background Lack of toilets and the widespread practice of open defecation may contribute to India's large burden of child undernutrition. Objectives We examine whether a large national sanitation campaign launched in 2014, the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), precedes a reduction in stunting and wasting among under 5-y-old (u5) children in India. Methods In this observational study, we used district-level data from before (2013–2014) and after (2015–2016) SBM from 3 national surveys to derive, as our outcomes, the percentage of u5 children per district who are stunted and wasted. We defined our exposures as 1) binary indicator of SBM and 2) percentage of households with toilets per district. Our analytic sample comprised nearly all 640 Indian districts (with ∼1200 rural/urban divisions per district per time point). Linear regression analyses controlled for baseline differences in districts, linear time trends by state, and relevant covariates. Results Relative to pre-SBM, u5 stunting declines by 0.06% (95% CI: –0.10, –0.01; P = 0.009) with every percentage increase in households with toilets post-SBM. Rural regions and districts with higher pre-SBM toilet availability show greater decline in u5 stunting post-SBM. Conclusions An increase in toilet availability on a national scale, precipitated by the SBM sanitation campaign, is associated with a reduction in undernutrition among u5 children in India over the early phase of the campaign.
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Islam, MS, MH Rahaman, and MH Sarker. "Water Supply and Sanitation Facilities in Primary Schools of Gaibandha District in Bangladesh." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 6, no. 1 (2015): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i1.22050.
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The purpose of this study is to monitor the present status of water supply and sanitation facilities of primary school in Gaibandha Sadar, Bangladesh. Forty nine (49) primary schools were selected for this purpose. The study revealed that, about 86% school had shallow tube well as a source for their drinking water supply and sanitation. About 18% schools had no sanitation facility or inactive sanitation unit. Separate toilet facility for girls and teachers was found in about 69 and 55% schools respectively but only one school has separate toilet facility for male and female teacher. Availability of water, soap and hand washing facility inside girls and boys latrine is in average amount but in teachers toilet it was satisfactory. Most of the schools (69%) have active drainage system at water point where 41% schools have basket in all classes for dumping of solid wastes. In this regard, the proper management and monitoring of existing facilities are required to improve the present water supply and sanitation situation in primary schools of Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i1.22050 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(1): 113-116 2013
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Vatter, Brandon, and Sean FitzGerald. "Sanitation District No. 1 Implements Innovative and Aggressive Continuous Sewer System Assessment Program." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2009, no. 2 (2009): 734–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864709793847339.
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Rianto, M.Pd, Slamet, and Nefilinda Nefilinda. "FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI SANITASI LINGKUNGAN PERMUKIMAN DI NAGARI AUR BEGALUNG TALAOK KECAMATAN BAYANG KABUPATEN PESISIR SELATAN." Jurnal Spasial 5, no. 2 (2019): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22202/js.v5i2.3091.
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Humans in the continuity of their lives have the ability to adapt to the environment in the adaptation of humans told and affect their environment along with the progress achieved is felt by the need for increasing degrees of sanitation so that the control of all aspects related to environmental sanitation settlements can increase as well. Based on this, it can be seen from a number of variables that are thought to affect the settlement environment sanitation 1) income level, 2) number of family members, 3) knowledge and 4) knowledge, number of family members and income level together. This study aims to find out: factors that affect residential environmental sanitation in Nagari Aur Begalung Talaok Bayng District, South Coastal District. This type of research is classified as descriptive correlational (corelational studies). The research subjects of the community who resided in kenagarian Aur Begalung Talaok Bayang sub-district, South Coastal District. The results of this study found: 1). There is a positive significant effect between the level of income and environmental sanitation of 3.7%, 2). There is a significant positive effect between the number of family members and environmental sanitation of 3.4%. 3). There is a positive significant effect between 8% knowledge and environmental sanitation. 4). There is a positive significant effect between the level of income, the number of family members and knowledge together with environmental sanitation of 18.1%.Manusia dalam kelangsungan kehidupannya memiliki kemampuan untuk beradaptasi dengan lingkungan dalam adaptasinya manusia dipenguruhi dan mempengaruhi lingkungannya seiring dengan kemajuan yang dicapai tersebut dirasakan oleh kebutuhan derajat sanitasi semakin meningkat sehingga pengendalian segala aspek yang menyangkut dengan sanitasi lingkungan permukiman dapat meningkat juga. Berdasarkan hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari beberapa variabel yang diduga dapat mempengaruhi sanitasi lingkungan permukiman 1) tingkat pendapatan, 2) jumlah anggota keluarga, 3) pengetahuan dan 4) pengetahuan, jumlah anggota keluarga dan tingkat pendapatan secara bersama-sama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: faktor yang mempengaruhi sanitasi lingkungan permukiman di nagari Aur Begalung Talaok Kecamatan Bayng Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan. Jenis penelitian ini tergolong deskriptif korelasional (corelational studies). Subjek penelitian masyarakat yang bertempat tinggal di kenagarian Aur Begalung Talaok kecamatan Bayang kabupaten Pesisir Selatan. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan: 1). Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan positif antara tingkat pendapatan dengan sanitasi lingkungan sebesar 3,7%, 2). Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan positif antara jumlah anggota keluarga dengan sanitasi lingkungan sebesar 3,4%. 3). Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan positif antara pengetahuan dengan sanitasi lingkungan sebesar 8%. 4). Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan positif antara tingkat pendapatan, jumlah anggota keluarga dan pengetahuan secara bersama-sama dengan sanitasi lingkungan sebesar 18,1%.
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Zimba, Rabson, Benjamin Winters, Nicolas Osbert, et al. "Chiengi District, Zambia Open Defecation Free After 1 Year of Community-Led Total Sanitation." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 95, no. 4 (2016): 925–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.16-0210.
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Mahmud, Marike. "Sebaran Konsentrasi Coliform Dan Escherichia Coli Pada Air Tanah Dangkal Kota Gorontalo." Jambura Geoscience Review 3, no. 1 (2021): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.34312/jgeosrev.v3i1.8345.
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This study aims to analyze the spatial distribution of coliform and E. coli in groundwater Gorontalo City and the factors that influence it. The sampling locations were taken from 9 sub-districts consisting of 27 villages. The nine sub-districts consist of Dumbo Raya, Hulondalangi Kota Barat, Kota Utara, Kota Timur, Kota Selatan, Sipatana, Dungingi, and Padebuolo Districts. Sampling in each village consisted of 1 sample and was taken randomly. Kota Utara Sub-district consisted of 1 sample location, namely Dembe Jaya Village. Kota Timur Sub-district consists of 2 villages, namely Padebuolo and Heledulaan Selatan villages. Kota Selatan sub-district consists of Limba U 1. Kota Tengah sub-district consists of Liluwo Village. The Sipatana sub-district consists of Tanggikiki, Bulotadaa, and Tapa Villages. Dungingi sub-district consists of Tulandenggi and Libuo Villages. The total number of samples was 27. The analysis was carried out at the Gorontalo District Health Office, UPTD of Water Quality Laboratory Installation. The sampling method was carried out aseptically. Measurements in the laboratory used the MPN method. The quality standard that became the reference was Permenkes (Health Minister Regulation) number 32 of 2017 Annex 1 regarding water for sanitation and hygiene. The results of the analysis showed that the distribution of the number of coliform bacteria, in general, was at the quality standard set. A total of 24 villages of 27 locations were above the established quality standard. Regarding the number of E. coli bacteria from 27 locations, there were 5 locations above the established quality standards. The factor that affected the pollution was the distance of the septic tank which was very close to the well (water source).
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Rana, S., HK Ghosh, MA Sattar, and MA MA. "Water Supply and Sanitation Status of Haryzon Polly Dwellers at Natunbazar Area in Mymensingh District." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 9, no. 1 (2016): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v9i1.30307.
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Information was collected from various respondents through survey using prescribed questionnaire in Haryzon Polly area at Natun Bazar located under Sadar Upazila in Mymensingh district. It was found that about 56% people were dependent on deep tube-well water for their daily household purpose. The remaining 44% was dependent on tap water supply. According to the respondents, deep tube wells water were mostly used (98%) for drinking purpose and remaining 2% was used by tap water. Of them supply water was used in toilet purpose by 71% and deep tube-well water by 29%. Most of the people of Haryzon Polly at Natunbazar in Mymensingh district were conscious regarding sanitation, but a large portion of them were unaware of safe hygiene. The people dump children feces 60% in open places. Seventeen percentage children did not have any proper knowledge about sanitation. Most of the people have no proper training about sanitation. The survey also indicated that the overall hygienic condition of the respondents and sanitation condition of study area were poor in Haryzon Polly area at Natun Bazar, where both sanitary and hygiene condition were found to be acceptable condition.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(1): 143-146 2016
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Cantrell, Clint, and Sean FitzGerald. "Sanitation District No. 1 Large Diameter Sewer Assessment Program and the James Avenue Pilot Project." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2002, no. 15 (2002): 801–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864702784247738.
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Setyadi, Ahmad Wasis, Astri Yunita, and Nanang Muhibuddin. "The Relationship of Environmental Sanitation and Family Attitudes with Events of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Working Areas UPTD Public Health Centre Bendo Kediri District." Journal for Quality in Public Health 4, no. 2 (2021): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30994/jqph.v4i2.210.
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in Indonesia. The increase in dengue cases every year is related to poor environmental sanitation. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of environmental sanitation and family attitudes with the incidence of dengue in the working area of UPTD Puskesmas Bendo, Kediri Regency, 2019.
 The design was correlational analytic research with cross sectional approach. The population of the entire community working area UPTD Puskesmas Bendo District of Kediri diagnosed with DHF as many as 30 families with a sample of 30 respondents taken a total sampling. The independent variable was environmental sanitation and attitude, the dependent variable was dengue collected by questionnaire and checklist and analyzed by Mc Nemar test and Linear Regression. To the p = <0.05 then H0 is rejected and p => 0.05 then H0 is accepted.
 Environmental sanitation with the incidence of DHF (p = 0.031). Family attitudes with the incidence of DHF (p = 0.039). Environmental sanitation and family attitudes with the incidence of DHF in the Work Area of UPTD Puskesmas Bendo, Kediri Regency in 2019 (p = 0.110).
 It was concluded that there was a relationship between environmental sanitation and the incidence of DHF, there was a relationship between family attitudes and the incidence of DHF and there was no relationship between environmental sanitation and family attitudes with the incidence of DHF. So that people are more concerned about environmental sanitation to reduce the occurrence of dengue fever as a manifestation of the movement of one house 1 cadre of jumantik.
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Rustiawati, Yuni, Hertasning Yatim, and Bambang Triantoro. "Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Produksi Usahatani Jambu Mete (Anacardium occidentale L) di Desa Malik Makmur." CELEBES Agricultural 1, no. 1 (2020): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52045/jca.v1i1.19.
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Jambu mete merupakan kualitas unggulan di Desa Malik Makmur. Sebagian besar usahatani jambu mete adalah perkebunan rakyat. Total luas areal perkebunan jambu mete di Desa Malik Makmur pada bulan Mei tahun 2018 adalah sebesar 152 Ha dengan jumlah produksi 98 ton. Penelitian yang dilakukan di Desa Malik Makmur, Penentuan responden dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode sensus dengan total 86 orang petani. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa: Koefisien X1 (Luas Lahan) = 1,782 artinya luas lahan mengalami peningkatan sebesar 1%, sementara Bibit, tenaga kerja dan sanitasi dianggap tetap maka akan menyebabkan kenaikan produksi Mete di Desa Malik Makmur Kecamatan Bualemo sebesar 1,782%. Koefisien X2 (Bibit) = -0,255 artinya Jika penggunaan bibit ditambahkan sebesar 1%, sementara Luas Lahan, tenaga kerja dan sanitasi dianggap tetap maka akan menyebabkan penurunan produksi Mete di Desa Malik Makmur Kecamatan Bualemo sebesar -0,255%. Koefisien X3 (Tenaga Kerja) = 0,157, artinya Jika Tenaga Kerja mengalami peningkatan sebesar 1%, akan menyebabkan kenaikan produksi Mete di Desa malik Makmur Kecamatan Bualemo sebesar 0,157%. Koefisien X4 (Sanitasi) = -0,026 artinya Jika Sanitasimengalami peningkatan sebesar 1%, sementara Bibit, tenaga kerja dan lahan dianggap tetap maka akan menyebabkan Penurunan produksi Mete di Desa malik Makmur Kecamatan Bualemo sebesar -0,026%. Cashew nuts are of prime quality in Malik Makmur Village. Most of the cashew farming is smallholder plantation. The total area of the cashew plantation in Malik Makmur Village in May 2018 was 152 Ha with a total production of 98 tons. The research was conducted in the village of Malik Makmur. The respondents were determined using the census method with a total of 86 farmers. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that: Coefficient X1 (land area) = 1.782 means that the land area has increased by 1%, while seeds, labor and sanitation are considered constant, it will cause an increase in cashew production in Malik Makmur Village, Bualemo District by 1.782%. The coefficient of X2 (seeds) = -0.255 means that if the use of seeds is added by 1%, while the land area, labor and sanitation are considered constant, it will cause a decrease in cashew production in Malik Makmur Village, Bualemo District by -0.255%. The coefficient of X3 (labor) = 0.157, meaning that if the workforce has increased by 1%, it will cause an increase in cashew production in Malik Makmur Village, Bualemo District by 0.157%. The coefficient of X4 (Sanitation) = -0.026 means that if sanitation has increased by 1%, while seeds, labor and land are considered constant, it will cause a decrease in cashew production in Malik Makmur Village, Bualemo District by -0.026%.
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Karn, Rajiv Ranjan, Buna Bhandari, and Nilambar Jha. "A study on personal hygiene and sanitary practices in a rural village of Mornag District of Nepal." Journal of Nobel Medical College 1, no. 2 (2012): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v1i2.7298.
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Background: Inadequate sanitation has direct effect on health of individual, family, communities and nation as a whole. Objective: To assess the personal hygiene and sanitary condition of the Katahari Village Development Committee (VDC). Methods: The cross sectional study was done in Katahari VDC of Morang district. A total of 80 households were randomly selected from two wards of VDC. The data were collected by interview method using interview schedule. Data were entered in Excel sheet and analyzed on SPSS program. Results: Many respondents (61%) were unable to read and write, 33% involved in private job in various factory. Knowledge of sanitation was high (90%) but only 65% of them were using soap water for hand washing. Sixty percent had no toilet facilities. There was significant association between education and toilet facilities among community people. Land holding and type of family had no significant association with toilet facilities. Conclusion: The knowledge regarding sanitation was high among community people but very poor in practice.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v1i2.7298 Journal of Nobel Medical College (2012), Vol.1 No.2 p.39-44
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Haque, MA, MN Haque, MM Sultana, SM Hossen, and S. Paul. "Effect of Water Quality, Environmental Sanitation and Hygiene Practices on Health of School Going Children of Urban Slum Areas." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 8, no. 1 (2015): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v8i1.24682.
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The study was carried out among the 246 school going children of urban slum of Tangail district and random sampling methods were applied. Slum population has been increasing in Bangladesh over the last three decades along with the growth and expansion of cities and towns.The facilities in urban slums were very much unsatisfactory due to lack of proper water supply and adequate hygiene and sanitation facilities. The good hygienic and sanitation knowledge and the practice have been found to be significantly low among the slum dwellers of Tangail district. Thewater supply and sanitation condition are improving very slowly in the urban slums of Tangail. Majority (94.7%) of the slum people use tube well water for drinking, cleaning and household purposes. The dustbin facility was the most neglected sector in these slums. Besides, Solid waste management and drainage system were totally unsatisfactory. It was observed that houses, shops, drains, roads etc. have been constructed unplanned and solid wastes were preserved on open places. Majority (58.1%) of the children did not ware sandal while going to latrine and did not cut finger nail regularly (54.5%). Most of the slum dwellers (63.4%) did not use cover for safety of the prepared food. It was observed that there was presence of pet/animal/insect in food preparation area of maximum households. Most of the people were unaware about toilet cleaning regularly. Findings of the study showed that 40.7% children were underweight, 28.9% children were stunted and 31.3% children were wasted. The child morbidity rate was high. Water quality, environmental sanitation and hygiene practices were positively correlated (r = 0 to +1) with health status of school going children. Thewater quality, environmental sanitation and hygiene practices have significant impact (p? 0.05) on the health of school going children of these slums.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 115-119 2015
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van der Waldt, Gerrit, David Fourie, Johan Jordaan, and Margaret Chitiga-Mabugu. "Skills profile of technical staff in the south African local government sector: an empirical survey." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 1 (2018): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(1).2018.17.
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The purpose of this article is to reflect on the findings of a local government sector-wide technical skills audit. A mixed-method research design was followed in both a positivist and interpretivist scientific paradigm to conduct the survey in local, district and metropolitan municipalities. Quantitative and qualitative data were processed and thematic analyses were done per respondent and participant category to obtain rich descriptions of current technical skills challenges and skills development priorities in local government. From the empirical survey it is evident that significant technical skills shortages exist, especially in rural district and local municipalities. This severely compromises the delivery of the four basic technical services, namely water provisioning, waste management, sanitation and sewerage, and electricity.
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Copeland, Bo, Matthew Van Doren, and Gregory Ahlberg. "Failure Analysis Helps Sanitation District No. 1 of Northern Kentucky Improve Its Continuous Sewer Assessment Program." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2017, no. 12 (2017): 1960–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864717822152383.
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Gerstberger, Richard, and Mary Snyder. "Leading into the Future: Implementing Leadership Development and Succession Planning at Sacramento County Sanitation District 1." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2006, no. 10 (2006): 2421–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864706783751159.
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Tuan, Le Ngoc, and Hoang Xuan Tran. "ASSESSING CLIMATE CHANGE EXPOSURE OF RURAL FRESH WATER AND SANITATION – A CASE STUDY IN CANGIO DISTRICT." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 56, no. 1 (2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/56/1/8826.
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By index method associated with professional adjustment, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), data collection, and GIS methods, the study aimed to assess climate change (CC) exposure (E) of rural fresh water and sanitation (RFWS) via 7 indicator groups (including temperature, precipitation, wind, saltwater intrusion -SI, drought, riverbank landslide, and inundation), a case study in Can Gio district (Ho Chi Minh city) in the period of 2015-2025. Exposure indices to CC of RFWS in Can Gio district would be almost at medium-low levels (E = 33 – 53) and tend to increase gradually from the infield to riverside areas, from land to sea. The highest E distributed in Thanh An, Long Tau riverside, and Phu Loi island. Some locations, having low E index but located in residential areas with plenty of infrastructures, could be more vulnerable, such as Nha Be riverside (Binh Khanh), Dong Dinh outfall, Tac Suot wharf (in Mieu Nhi, Mieu Ba -Can Thanh town), and Soai Rap riverside (Ly Nhon), and thus need taking into concerns.
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Vatter, Brandon, and Sean FitzGerald. "Sanitation District No. 1 Partners with Development Community to Cost-Effectively Reduce Overflows into the Ohio River." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2008, no. 5 (2008): 186–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864708788812758.
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Kudryavtseva, T. Yu, V. P. Popov, A. N. Mokrievich, et al. "Epizootiological and Epidemiological Situation on Tularemia in Russia in 2020, the Forecast for 2021." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 1 (April 16, 2021): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2021-1-32-42.
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The purpose of the review is to assess the trends in the development of epizootic activity in various territories of the Russian Federation in order to identify the regions of increased risk of infection of the population with tularemia pathogen in 2021 and to plan and carry out high-priority measures in these regions, such as vaccination, investments in water, sanitation and hygiene infrastructure, epizootiological monitoring of natural foci and other measures aimed at suppressing the activity of natural foci and the development of herd immunity to this infection. In 2020, 41 cases of human infection with tularemia pathogen were registered on the territory of the Russian Federation, 60 % of which occurred in the Northwestern Federal District. Epizootic manifestations of the infection of varying intensity were detected in 55 constituent entities of Russia. Against this background, sporadic cases of tularemia in humans were registered in 14 regions of the country. The most pronounced epidemic complications continue in the territory of Karelia – 23 patients. 12 cultures of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica from the ambient environment were isolated in the Vologda (3), Rostov Regions (6), in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District (2), and in St. Petersburg (1). Based on the analysis of the data presented, in 2021, epidemic complications in the form of sporadic cases of the disease among the unvaccinated population in the following territories are most likely to occur: Central Federal District – in the Oryol, Ryazan and Yaroslavl Regions, as well as in Moscow; Northwestern Federal District – in the Arkhangelsk and Leningrad Regions, the Republic of Karelia and in St. Petersburg; Volga Federal District – in Tatarstan, Mordovia, Chuvash Republic, Kirov and Orenburg Regions; Ural Federal District – in the Khanty-Mansiysk, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts and the Tyumen Region; Siberian Federal District – in the Novosibirsk, Kemerovo, Tomsk and Omsk Regions, as well as in the Altai Territory; Far Eastern Federal District – in some regions of Kamchatka and Khabarovsk Territories.
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Lina, Lina. "STRATEGI PENGAWASAN PENYEDIAAN AIR MINUM DALAM RANGKA EFEKTIVITAS PEMANFAATAN SUMBER DAYA ALAM." JURNAL GREEN GROWTH DAN MANAJEMEN LINGKUNGAN 6, no. 2 (2017): 54–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jgg.062.05.
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The water sector is a public service which has close links with poverty reduction. Inadequate infrastructure and facilities for drinking water and sanitation, especially in rural and suburban areas (peri-urban) adversely affect the health and environmental conditions that have a continuing impact on the level of the family economy. Provision of drinking water infrastructure and improved sanitation will have an impact on improving the quality of the environment and public health, and time can be saved from efforts to obtain drinking water and good sanitation. The third impact will further impact the community in the form of increased productivity. Theaim of this study include(1.) To determine the effectiveness of the management of drinking water supply systems in rural communities basedPamsimas receiver in the district. (2.) To find out the various components that can affect the effectiveness of water supply systems in rural communities based mimum Pamsimas receiver in the district. The method used in this is for descriptive theoretical research.conclusionIf the drinking water supply control strategies implemented in accordancewith thefunctionmanajememenuseofnatural resourceswill be effective in order to meet the water needs of the community . From the results of this study should be carried out supervisory functions of planning to terbangunya means awall should start from the village level to the district level (government departments associated with drinking water peyediaan). Water Agency business does not just manage the financial system alone , fermented well functioning and sustainability of facilities ( From spring to prime the public water distribution ) . Management of the environment is also a shared responsibility of theuser and BPSPM Preferably in the springs need for regular supervision so awake kelestarianya sehinngga water discharge can be maintained.
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Stallings, Robert B., James J. Marx, Adam Coghill, and Raul Cuellar. "Assessing the Performance of Upgraded Anaerobic Digesters at Orange County Sanitation District Plant No. 1: A Follow-up." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2016, no. 8 (2016): 5290–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864716819714104.
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Paul, Alak, Md Mahbub Murshed, and Samia Akther. "Women health and disease pattern in the rural areas of Bangladesh: a case study on Haimchar upazila under Chandpur district." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 40, no. 1 (2014): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v40i1.31731.
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The present research has undertaken to understand the women health scenario in a remote rural char land of the country and their health awareness with hygienic practices. Most of the women in the study area were found illiterate and not fully conscious about health and health care aspects. The overall health condition of women in the study area was found very poor and affected various diseases from lack of personal attention and adequate health care. It is evident that most of the women age ranging from 26 to 45 in the study area were the most sufferer of different number of diseases like fever, diarrhoea, skin diseases, asthma, reproductive tract infections (RTI) and various gynecological diseases. It was also identified that, water and sanitation related diseases are very common among the women of the study area which may be the result of using unsafe water and unhygienic sanitation practices.J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 40(1): 27-37, June 2014
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Turner, Carrie, Mark Wurschmidt, Scott Bell, and Jim Gibson. "A Toolbox for Integrated Watershed Planning at Sanitation District No. 1 of Northern Kentucky: Management and Decision-Making Tools." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2013, no. 15 (2013): 3068–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864713813674414.
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Hoque, MM, AK Miah, MS Rahman, MS Rahaman, and MK Hossain. "Water Quality Parameters and Sanitation Status of the Educational Institutions at Jamurki, Mirzapur, Tangail." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 8, no. 1 (2015): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v8i1.24683.
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The study was conducted to investigate the water quality parameters and sanitation status in the educational institutions at Jamurki Union in Mirzapur of Tangail district. The study determined different water quality parameters such as As, pH, Fe, DO, TDS and EC. Most of the investigated water quality parameters in the study area were suitable for drinking purposes comparing with standard values. The range of investigated parameters in the study area of educational institutions were As 0 to 15 ppb, pH 6.5 to 8.5, Fe 0.1 to 0.9 ppm, DO 2.5 to 4.0 mg, TDS 121 to 445 ppm, EC 246 to 592 ?s/cm and most of the color of water samples water were standard means colorless and the odor of samples were also good However, the values of pH was exceeded somewhere. All of the tube wells were free from Arsenic. Most of the samples exceeded the standard values of Fe. The study identified the various problems of sanitation systems in the educational institutions e.g. Poor sanitation condition, dirty toilets, and insufficient toilets for female students.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 121-124 2015
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Pandey, Engel, and Jenki Pongoh. "Peningkatan Mutu dan Pendapatan Pengolah Ikan Cakalang Asap di Desa Pontoh, Kecamatan Wori, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara." MEDIA TEKNOLOGI HASIL PERIKANAN 8, no. 1 (2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/mthp.8.1.2020.26056.
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A low level of sanitation and hygiene applied by smoked fish processors in North Sulawesi can affect the quality and safety of the product itself. Interestingly, there is a huge market demand of smoked fish product in North Sulawesi. That is why it is necessary to improve quality of smoked fish product by assisting the smoked fish processors. The program's target partners are located in Pontoh Village, Wori District, North Minahasa Regency which is geographically located on the coast Pontoh Village is categorized as a fishing community, which is about 50% classified as poor families and has a small business group of processing smoked fish. The aim of this program is to increase production, marketing and finance for small entrepreneurs in Pontoh Village, Wori District, North Minahasa Regency so they can be skilled and economically independent. The specific target of this activity is to produce smoked fish products that are superior in terms of taste and shelf life while providing business continuity and strong management. The method of implementation that will be applied to this program are 1) Training on how to produced smoked-fish product using good manufacturing practices 2) Assiting about sanitation and hygiene in every step of producing smoked fish; 3) Advising on management
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Aly, M. Nilzam, Andhini Aurelia Putri, Indah Budi Lestari, et al. "EDUKASI HIGIENE SANITASI INDUSTRI PADA PEKERJA INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA KERUPUK DI DESA KANDANGAN KREMBUNG SIDOARJO." Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat (Journal of Public Services) 4, no. 2 (2020): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jlm.v4i2.2020.400-406.
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Industrial sanitation hygiene education program for crackers home industry workers in Kandangan village, Krembung sub-district, Sidoarjo district was chosen as the Community Work Study Program (KKN-BBM) because: (1) In 2020, in Kandangan Village there were around 52 crackers home industries which has entered the second generation so it must be maintained; (2) The application of sanitation hygiene in the crackers home industry in Kandangan Village is generally still far from the established standards; (3) Poor hygiene practices can cause things that are detrimental to consumers, such as food poisoning or food-borne diseases. The author involved 10 crackers home industry workers as fostered partners during KKN activities taking place in industrial sanitation hygiene education on crackers home industry workers. The program is carried out with the delivery of material regarding sanitary hygiene requirements to control risk factors for food contamination, both those originating of food ingredients, people, places and equipment. To evaluate this activity, pre-test is given before delivering the material and post-test after delivering the material. From the results of the activities, this program has been proven to increase worker’s knowledge regarding sanitation hygiene requirements that must be carried out by crackers home industry managers and workers. Even though industrial sanitation hygiene education activities are more material in nature, it is expected to be a trigger to increase worker’s awareness about the importance of implementing industrial sanitation hygiene and making it a daily habit. This is because one important factor that supports the creation of food security is the condition of good food processing sanitation and hygiene.abstrakProgram edukasi higiene sanitasi industri pada pekerja industri rumah tangga kerupuk di Desa Kandangan, Kecamatan Krembung, Kabupaten Sidoarjo dipilih sebagai program Kuliah Kerja Nyata Belajar Bersama Masyarakat (KKN-BBM) karena: (1) Pada tahun 2020, di Desa Kandangan terdapat sekitar 52 industri kerupuk yang sudah masuk pada generasi kedua sehingga harus dipertahankan; (2) Penerapan higiene sanitasi pada industri rumah tangga kerupuk di Desa Kandangan umumnya masih jauh dari standar yang sudah ditetapkan; (3) Praktek sanitasi higiene yang kurang baik dapat menimbulkan hal-hal yang merugikan konsumen, seperti keracunan makanan maupun penyakit yang ditularkan melalui makanan. Penulis melibatkan 10 pekerja industri rumah tangga kerupuk sebagai mitra binaan selama kegiatan KKN berlangsung dalam edukasi higiene sanitasi industri pada pekerja industri rumah tangga kerupuk.Program ini dilakukan dengan penyampaian materi mengenai persyaratan higiene sanitasi untuk mengendalikan faktor risiko terjadinya kontaminasi terhadap makanan, baik yang berasal dari bahan makanan, orang, tempat dan peralatan.Untuk mengevaluasi kegiatan ini dilakukan pemberian pre-test sebelum penyampaian materi dan post-testsetelah penyampaian materi.Dari hasil kegiatan, program ini terbukti meningkatkan pengetahuan pekerja mengenai persyaratan higiene sanitasi yang harus dilakukan oleh pengelola industri rumah tangga dan para pekerja.Walaupun kegiatan edukasi higiene sanitasi industri lebih bersifat pembekalan materi tapi diharapkan dapat menjadi suatu pemicu untuk meningkatkan kesadaran para pekerja tentang pentingnya menerapkan higiene sanitasi industri serta menjadikannya kebiasaan sehari-hari.Hal ini dikarenakan salah satu faktor penting yang mendukung terciptanya keamanan pangan adalah kondisi sanitasi dan higiene pengolahan pangan yang baik.
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Fawaid, Bahrul. "Cage Sanitation, Hygiene of Dairy Farmer, Physical Quality and Microorganism of Dairy Cattle Milk In Medowo, Kediri, East Java." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 12, no. 1 (2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v12i1.2020.69-77.
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Introduction: The cage sanitation and hygiene of dairy farmer were important to be maintained in order to keep the physical quality and microorganisms of the milk. This research was conducted to analyze the cage sanitation, hygiene of dairy farmer, physical quality and microorganisms in the milk from dairy farmers in Medowo, Kediri, East Java. Method: This research was a observational research with cross sectional design. The sample of population total was 26 of dairy farmer that registered of Kertajaya Village Unit Cooperative in Ringinagung Village, Medowo Village, Kandangan District, Kediri Region. The variables of this research were cage sanitation, the farmer’s hygiene and physical quality and the microorganisms in the milk including Total Plate Count (TPC) and E. coli. The data were obtained through interviews and direct observation using a questionnaire and examination of milk microorganisms in the veterinary public health laboratory of the Livestock Service Office of East Java Province. Data were analyzed descriptively. Result and Discussion: This research found that the sanitary of the cage were classified as excellent (92%), the farmer’s hygiene was considered as inadequate with (69%), the physical quality of the milk which include smell, taste and color were 100% in good condition, except in one sample (3,8%) of the milk contained a TPC that exceeded in standar (1 x 106 cfu / ml). The number of milk samples contaminated by E. coli were 7 samples (27%). Conclusion: Improving hygiene and sanitation can avoid cross contamination between pathogenic microorganisms in the milk quality.
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Fajri, Prima Yaumil, Nela Eska Putri, Rilma Novita, Gusmalini Gusmalini, and Yenni Muchrida. "ALIH TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN PANGAN LOKAL DI KENAGARIAN ANDALEH, LIMAPULUH KOTA." LOGISTA - Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 5, no. 1 (2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/logista.5.1.81-86.2021.
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Jagung banyak dibudidayakan di Kenagarian Andaleh di Kecamatan Luak, Kabupaten Limapuluh Kota. Jenis jagung yang dibudidayakan adalah jagung gigi kuda yang sering dijadikan sebagai pakan ternak terutama pakan unggas. Jagung gigi kuda memiliki biji berbentuk gigi, mengandung karbohidrat (pati) yang tinggi, dan bertekstur keras. Ciri khas jagung ini adalah memiliki biji yang melekuk di bagian tengah atau bagian atas biji. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masayarakat Nagari Andaleh Kecamatan Luak, tentang pemanfaatan bahan pangan lokal, khususnya komoditi jagung ini melalui alih teknologi pengolahan menjadi nugget jagung. Kegiatan diawali dengan memberikan penyuluhan tentang praktik sanitasi, meliputi sanitasi pekerja, sanitasi peralatan, dan sanitasi pengolahan, serta cara pengolahan pangan yang baik. Nugget jagung dibuat dari campuran daging ayam dan jagung dengan perbandingan 1:0.2. Melalui kegiatan ini, masyarakat mampu menerapkan higieni dan sanitasi dalam pengolahan pangan, serta memiliki keahlian dalam pengolahan jagung menjadi produk pangan baru, yaitu nugget jagung, sehingga meningkatkan pemanfaatan bahan pangan lokal dan meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat. Dengan alih teknologi pemanfaatan bahan pangan lokal jagung diharapkan tumbuh motivasi untuk mengembangkan usaha skala rumah tangga yang berpengaruh pada peningkatan perekonomian masyarakat di Kenagarian Andaleh.
 Kata kunci: Jagung Gigi Kuda, Nagari Andaleh, Nugget Jagung, Alih Teknologi, Pangan Lokal
 ABSTRACT
 Corn is widely cultivated in Andaleh Village, Luak Sub-district, Lima Puluh Kota Regency. The type of corn that cultivated in this village is dent corn (Zea mays var. indentata), which often used as animal feed, especially poultry feed. Dent corn has a tooth-shaped seed, contains high carbohydrates (starch), and has a hard texture. The characteristic of this corn form is that the seeds have an indentation in the middle or top of the seed. The purpose of this programs was to increased the knowledge Andaleh Village community, Luak District, about the utilization of local food, especially dent corn through the transition technology of corn processing to be corn nuggets. The activity began with provided counseling on sanitation practices, including personal sanitation, equipment sanitation, and processing sanitation, as well as good manufacturing practice. Corn nuggets were made from a mixture of chicken and corn in a ratio of 1: 0.2. Through this programs, the community will be able to apply hygiene and sanitation in food processing, and have expertise in processing corn into new products like nuggets, thereby can increase the utilization of local foodstuffs and improve the community's economy. Transition technology to use local dent corn was expected to grow the motivation of community to develop household-scale businesses that have an effect to increase the economy of the Andaleh Village community.
 Keywords: Dent Corn, Andaleh Village, Corn Nugget, Transition of Technology, Local Foods
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Susanti, Eka, Endro Setyo Cahyono, and Oki Dwipurwani. "Optimasi Kendaraan Pengangkut Sampah di Kecamatan Kertapati Menggunakan Pemrograman Bilangan Bulat Biner 0 dan 1." Jurnal Matematika 6, no. 2 (2016): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmat.2016.v06.i02.p70.
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Waste management in the district Kertapati done by the private sector and government. The authorities responsible for waste management is Palembang City Sanitation Department (DKKP). Waste is transported from the area TPS (Transit Depo) to landfill Sukawinatan use two types of vehicles, namely dump trucks and armroll. Analyzed optimality waste carrier vehicles with a total transport time constraints, the maximum capacity of conveyance and the maximum amount of waste that must be transported using integer programming binary 0 and 1. Integer programming binary 0 and 1 problem solved by the Branch and Bound Method. The maximum amount of waste that must be transported to the Lambung 87 is 7330 kg, Lambung 42 as much as 8850 kg and the Lambung 69 as much as 7770 kg. Dump truck and armroll are vehicles optimized for use on Lambung 42, 87 and 69.
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Christian, Parul, Kristen M. Hurley, John Phuka, et al. "Impact Evaluation of a Comprehensive Nutrition Program for Reducing Stunting in Children Aged 6–23 Months in Rural Malawi." Journal of Nutrition 150, no. 11 (2020): 3024–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa236.
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ABSTRACT Background The prevalence of stunting in central rural Malawi is ∼50%, which prompted a multipronged nutrition program in 1 district from 2014 to 2016. The program distributed a daily, fortified, small-quantity lipid-based nutritional supplement, providing 110 kcal and 2.6 g of protein to children aged 6–23 mo, and behavior change messages around optimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) and water, sanitation, and hygiene. Objectives Our objective was to perform an impact evaluation of the program using a neighboring district as comparison. Methods Using a quasi-experimental study design, with cross-sectional baseline (January–March, 2014; n = 2404) and endline (January–March, 2017; n = 2453) surveys, we evaluated the program's impact using a neighboring district as comparison. Impact on stunting was estimated using propensity score weighted difference-in-differences regression analyses to account for baseline differences between districts. Results No differences in mean length-for-age z-score or prevalence of stunting were found at endline. However, mean weight, weight-for-length z-score, and mid-upper arm circumference were higher at endline by 150 g, 0.22, and 0.19 cm, respectively, in the program compared with the comparison district (all P &lt; 0.05). Weekly reports of high fever and malaria were also lower by 6.4 and 4.7 percentage points, respectively, in the program compared with the comparison district (both P &lt; 0.05). There was no impact on anemia. Children's dietary diversity score improved by 0.17, and caregivers’ infant and young child feeding and hand-washing practices improved by 8–11% in the program compared with the comparison district (all P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions An impact evaluation of a comprehensive nutrition program in rural Malawi demonstrated benefit for child ponderal growth and health, improved maternal IYCF and hand-washing practices, but a reduction in stunting prevalence was not observed.
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Porusia, Mitoriana, Annisa Fauziah Dwi Andari, Windi Wulandari, and Duangruedee Chotklang. "Risk factors of leptospirosis incidence in agricultural area." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 10, no. 3 (2021): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v10i3.20858.
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The rate of leptospirosis incidence in Boyolali regency, Indonesia, during 2017 was high and showing an increasing trend. According to Boyolali District Health Office the number of leptospirosis cases in 2017 was 34 cases. Factors related to leptospirosis in the agriculture area should be understood well to take the right measurements for leptospirosis control in a typical agricultural area. Several risk factors, such as personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, wound presence, occupation, are the factors of leptospirosis infection. This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with the leptospirosis incidence in Boyolali regency, Indonesia. This research used an observational method with a case-control design. The total number of case sample was 33 people, and the control sample were 99 people (ratio 1:3) with matched by a living area. Data collection were carried out with interviews using a questionnaire to respondents related to personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, wound presence and work as a farmer. The data were tested using logistic regression. Most of the case respondents work as a farmer and worker. The results showed that the risk factors associated with leptospirosis incidence were a wound presence (OR:17.014;95% CI:5.487-52.761) and worked as a farmer (OR:5,186; 95%CI:1.682-15.989). Unrelated variables were bad personal hygiene (95%CI:0.647-7.885) and environmental sanitation (95%CI:0.793-8.773). The dominant risk factor that causes Leptospirosis was wound presences and occupation as a farmer. Therefore people who work mostly touch the water like farmers must cover any wound on feet and keep personal and environmental sanitation to prevent infection.
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Eric Tan Chee How, Suzana Shahar, Fredie Robinson, et al. "RISK FACTORS FOR UNDERNUTRITION IN CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OF AGE IN TENOM, SABAH, MALAYSIA." Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 20, no. 1 (2020): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.20/no.1/art.557.
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Undernutrition is the result of complex interplay of factors such as household food security, childcare, feeding practices, nutrition and sanitation. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of stunting, wasting, underweight based on WHO child growth standards 2006 and undernutrition based on Composite Index Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) and its association with the biological, behavioural, socio-economic and physical environment factors among children under-5 years. This was a cross sectional study involving children aged between 6 and 59 months recruited through stratified random sampling from the Tenom district. Sociodemographic background was obtained from mothers via a questionnaire. Height and weight measurements were measured using standardised instrument. The height-for-age, weight-for-age and BMI-for-age were classified according to the WHO Child Growth Standard 2006. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted. The prevalence of undernutrition based on CIAF was 42.3%, underweight 34.7%, stunting 33.3% and wasting 10.0%. After adjusting for all confounders, childhood undernutrition was significantly associated with unimproved sanitation (adjusted OR 2.98, 95% CI: 1.082 to 8.225) and frequent illness (adjusted OR 2.07, 95% CI: 1.015 to 3.274). These findings support the association of biological and physical environmental factors with the nutritional status of children under-5 years old.
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Moisio, Susan, Mark Pryor, and Chris Novak. "Sanitation District No.1’s Western Regional Conveyance and Storage Tunnel, Charting a New Direction for Control of Sanitary Sewer Overflows." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2014, no. 6 (2014): 899–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864714815942026.
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Kariuki, J. G., K. J. Magambo, M. F. Njeruh, E. M. Muchiri, S. M. Nzioka, and S. Kariuki. "Effects of Hygiene and Sanitation Interventions on Reducing Diarrhoea Prevalence Among Children in Resource Constrained Communities: Case Study of Turkana District, Kenya." Journal of Community Health 37, no. 6 (2012): 1178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10900-012-9560-1.
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Tahir, M. A., and H. Rasheed. "Cost and impact analysis of preventive and remedial measures for safe drinking water." Drinking Water Engineering and Science Discussions 6, no. 1 (2013): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/dwesd-6-1-2013.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Preventive measures yield much higher cost effective benefits as compared to remedial measures. To verify this hypothesis, a survey was conducted in two different regions of Rawalpindi district of Pakistan by comparing the cost on medication and mitigation expenditures for reduction in the burden of water borne diseases. Water Quality monitoring of the study areas in comparison to WHO Drinking Water Guidelines revealed the satisfactory level of physico-chemical parameters, however; significant bacteriological contamination was found at 86% of the monitored sites in Gujar Khan and 87% in Murree region. A field questionnaire was used to estimate the expenditures on disinfection and sanitation and concluded that 8.09% of total income of each family were spent by the inhabitants of the study area on medication for water borne diseases. Correlation was worked out between the rate of water related diseases (<i>V</i><sub>WRD</sub>), unsafe drinking water (<i>C</i><sub>DW</sub>), poor sanitation (<i>P</i><sub>S</sub>), unhealthy personal hygiene and environment (UH<sub>PHE</sub>). A simulation model "Victim's Rate Calculator" was developed to forecast the estimated number of victims within a population. Findings of the study verified the hypothesis that preventive measures are better choice than remedial measures due to cost benefit ratio (1 : 1.6) with a clear advantage of 60%.</p>
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Chikwanda, Musonda, Nosiku Munyinda, Consity Mwale, Prince Mbanefo, Tikulirekuti Chileshe Banda, and Patricia Mubita. "An association between water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and prevalence of trachoma in Monze district of Southern Province, Zambia." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 11, no. 3 (2021): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2021.255.
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Abstract This study aims to determine the association between water, sanitation, and hygiene, and the prevalence of trachoma in Monze district, Zambia. The overall prevalence of trachoma among residents of Monze district is 2.0% disaggregated as 3.4% for 1–9 age group and 1.1% for ≥10 age group. The findings reveal an association between trachoma eye infection and drinking water source from protected well/spring, and piped water. After adjusting for other variables, there was an association of drinking water from a protected well/spring (AOR 8.343, CI 1.126–61.803), piped water (AOR 4.127, CI 1.088–15.648), and piped water for washing (AOR 0.172, 95% CI 0.031–0.944.439). The presence of a hand wash facility was very low at 2.9% while hand washing agents were even lower at 0.41%. The study concludes that children are at a higher risk of trachoma prevalence. Other WASH aspects, such as adequacy of water, might be more important than the presence of potable water. The prevalence of trachoma in Monze is WASH focused.
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Anwar, Tayyaba, Heena Rais, Madiha Fatima Jamil, et al. "Extended drug resistance in children with typhoid fever." Professional Medical Journal 27, no. 03 (2020): 581–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.03.3695.
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In developing countries, typhoid fever is mostly seen due to poor public health and low socioeconomic indices. Currently Pakistan is going through the largest outbreak of XDR typhoid fever which has resulted in increased morbidity and mortality especially in pediatric population. Objectives: To see the pattern of extended drug resistant typhoid fever in different areas of Karachi. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of pediatrics, Ziauddin Hospital (KDLB, NORTH, CLIFTON campus). Period: 6 months from October 2018 till March 2019. Material & Methods: All patients who presented with history of fever for 3 or more days with signs and symptoms of typhoid fever were recruited. For data collection a self-structured questionnaire was used. Age, gender, socioeconomic status, personal hygiene, water supply and sanitation were taken into account. Blood samples were sent for cultures. Salmonella isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Tested antimicrobials were ampicillin, TMP/SMX, cefixime, ceftriaxone, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, meropenem. For data analysis SPSS version 22 was used. Results: Out of 415 patients, 235 had culture proven typhoid fever. Salmonella typhi was isolated in 94.4%of the patients and salmonella paratyphi was isolated in 5.57%. Of the 235, Males were 62% and females were 42.4%. Major determinants associated with acquiring salmonella infection were young age (74%), male sex (62%), middle and low socioeconomic status (83.8%), living in west district of Karachi (54.9%) and drinking line water (79.2%). Extended drug resistance was encountered in 69.5%. Most of the isolates were sensitive to meropenem and azithromycin (96.7 %, and 95.5% respectively). Ceftriaxone resistance was prevelant in all three districts of Karachi (p value <0.001), in different age groups 1-6yrs (98%), 7-12 yrs(91%), 13-18 yrs (100%) and in males(58%) predominantly. Conclusion: Karachi is facing an outbreak of XDR typhoid fever. Risk of acquiring extended drug resistant typhoid fever is increased in younger age group 1-6 yrs, males, west district of Karachi and poor socioeconomic status. Drinking unboiled water is identified as one of the major culprits. Actions should be taken at all health care levels to monitor the judicious use of antibiotics, and preventive strategies like safe water supply, improved sanitation along with typhoid vaccination are suggested to overcome this outbreak.
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Sumertha Gapar, I. Gede, Nyoman Adiputra, and I. B. G. Pujaastawa. "HUBUNGAN KUALITAS SANITASI RUMAH DENGAN KEJADIAN PENYAKIT INFEKSI SALURAN PERNAPASAN AKUT (ISPA) DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS IV DENPASAR SELATAN KOTA DENPASAR." ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) 9, no. 2 (2015): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ejes.2015.v09.i02.p07.
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Besides positive results, the rapid development and growth of Denpasar City has also brought some problems to the Government of Denpasar City, for example the emergence of housing complexes that did not meet health standards and requirements. This problem can cause negative impacts toward the health condition of city residents, especially in the form of diseases influenced by environment factors such as acute respiratory infections (ARI). Based on that phenomena this study was carried out to examine the causal relationship between home sanitation factors (ventilation, natural lighting, humidity, temperature, population density, and air pollution) and the event of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in the working area of Public Health Centre IV of Denpasar Selatan District, in Denpasar City. This study had an observational nature and employed a cross-sectional design. Based on data analysis applied, this study belong to analytical studies. Population size of this study was 5,777 and covered all inhabited houses in the working areas of Public Health Centre IV of Denpasar Selatan District. Sample of 97 houses were taken using proporsional stratified random sampling. Statistical tests shows that: (1) the quality of house sanitation has a significance value p = 0.000 (sig p <0.05), (2) house ventilation has a significance value = 0.162 (sig p>0.05, (3) natural lighting has a significance value p=0.002 (sig p<0.05), (4) Room humidity has a significance value p=0.003 (sig p<0.05), (5) Room temperature has a significance value p=0.491 (sig p>0.05), (6) house population density has a significance value p=0.123 (sig p>0.05), (7) Air population in the house has a significance value p=0.001(sig p<0.05). Based on the results of our study it can be concluded that the quality of house sanitation affect the event of acute respiratory infections (ARI) diseases. The variables of house sanitation that affect the event of ARI diseases are: room humidity (OR=0.321), air population in the house (OR= 0.233), natural lighting (OR= 0.151). Our study found that the probability of people who live in a house with below-standard-sanitationquality to be stricken by ARI diseases was 97.7%. Based on the results of our study it can be suggested that to the people that built the house of a qualified health.
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Ninomiya, N., H. Lin, K. Ogura, et al. "(A266) Huma Disaster Relief Medical Mission for Flood-Affected Victims in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (2011): s73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11002500.
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A Flood disaster struck the Islamic Republic of Pakistan in July 2010. It affected 3 million people and caused 1,400 deaths. Humanitarian Medical Assistance (HuMA) is a non-profit organization in Japan. The organization dispatched three personnel to Islamabad on 20 August in order to conduct an initial needs assessment. They discovered that medical assistance and supplies could not reach all of the victims, especially in the North. Their visits to the surrounding regions highlighted the Nowshera district of KPK province, which had not received enough assistance from the government or aid organizations despite the fact that there were thousands of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) with health issues such as diarrhea, eye and skin disease, and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). On 03 September, the HuMA Disaster Relief Mission began with the purpose of providing medical treatment and promoting public health for the flood victims in the Nowshera District. Eleven medical providers and coordinators from HuMA operated field mobile clinics in the district in collaboration with a local counterpart non-governmental organization, Nippa Welfare Association (NWA). This project was supported financially by the grant funding from Japan Platform. Humanitarian Medical Assistance served seven sites in Nowshera Districts as mobile field clinics, and consulted 2,216 patients. Total distribution of disease was: (1) URTI = 18.1%; (2) skin disease = 17.9%; (3) musculoskeletal = 15.2%; and (4) others = 19.7%. The team considered continuous medical consultation in the Nowshera District after 2010. The HuMa medical activities ended at the end of September, and the organization donated multi-vitamin tablets, syrups, FE tablets, and anti-biotic cream in order to assist NWA's continuing assistance for the affected communities. The medical providers also left lists of medicines for local doctors and medical staff. Humanitarian Medical Assistance also provided basic supplies needed to prevent victims from experiencing further sanitation problems.
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Mugarura, Douglas, Herbert Izo Ninsiima, Hellen Kinyi, et al. "High-Prevalence Stunting in Preschool Children (1–5 Years) Attending Selected Health Centers in a Food Rich Area-Bushenyi District Southwestern Uganda." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2021 (July 20, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5736864.
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The prevalence of stunting among children in Uganda and Sub-Saharan Africa is still high, and if Uganda is to achieve the food-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it must urgently invest in improving nutrition and sanitation. In a food rich area like Bushenyi, chronic undernutrition could be due to several other factors than mere scarcity of food. The Objective(s). This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and socioclinical factors responsible for chronic undernutrition (stunting) among preschool children aged 1–5 years in selected Health facilities in Bushenyi district. Methodology. This was a cross-sectional study assessing the prevalence of stunting and its associated factors among children aged 1–5 years attending selected health centers in Bushenyi District. Data was collected using a pretested questionnaire, taking anthropometric measurements (height/length), and stool analysis for eggs of soil-transmitted helminthes. Prevalence of stunting was presented as percentages. Logistic regression with adjusted prevalence ratio was performed to test the association between the sociodemographic and clinical factors and stunting at bivariate levels of analysis. Results. Most of the children were female, with a median age of 2.1 years and resided in semiurban areas of Bushenyi with their parents. Prevalence of stunting was 89.3%. Only 10.7% of the children were infested with soil-transmitted helminthes. Children likely to be stunted were those who drank unboiled water and were exclusively breastfed. Conclusion. There is a high prevalence of chronic malnutrition in Bushenyi district associated with parents’/care takers’ low level of knowledge.
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Asy’ari and Nender Puni. "Study on Halfbeak Fish Hemirhamphus sp. Smoking Through Sanitation And Hygiene Approach in Sambiki Baru Village, East Morotai District, North Maluccas Province." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1364 (December 2019): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1364/1/012013.
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Assagaf, Muhammad, Isroi, Yayat Hidayat, et al. "Management on biotic stress to improve the nutmeg quality in North Moluccas, Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 306 (2021): 03014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130603014.
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Indonesia dominates about 76% of nutmeg production and export in the world, where around 28.26% is produced in North Moluccas and 24.25% of its from North Halmahera. The objectives of this study were to reduce the biotic stress, increase the yield and improve the quality of the nutmeg produced by Tarakani Farmer Group in Galela District. (1) the Morphology of dry fruit rot disease in each stratum and (2) nutmeg cultivation system collected through interviews; and (3) climatic data, including temperature, and rainfall obtained from the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency of Galela District. This study was conducted at west Galela District and Tarakani Farmer Group. The farmers implemented the sanitation techniques of the crops; i.e.: pruning, collection and pile up/bury of the dropped fruits and fumigation by burning some leaves of local trees and biotic stress be controlled. During one year a grade A of nutmeg increased from 5.7 tons to 37.6 tons or increased from 17.6% to 38.2%. Nutmeg grade C reduced from 40% to 25%%. This effort will still be forwarded by utilizing biological agents to reduce biotic stress, such as Trichoderma spp. to control fungal pathogens and Bacillus thurigiensis to pest control.
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Gupta, R., and J. Lanichhane. "A Prospective Study of Lymphatic Filariasis in an Endemic Village of Kapilbastu District, Nepal." Ecoprint: An International Journal of Ecology 13 (June 4, 2009): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v13i0.1626.
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Lymphatic filariasis is a major problems health problem in Nepal. A prospective study was conducted in Maharajgunj VDC, Kapilbastu district, Nepal with the objective to analyze the epidemiological situation of the disease lymphatic filariasis. A total of 505 blood samples were collected by ear-lobe prick method.Out of 505 blood samples, 50 samples (9.90%) were found to be positive for microfilaria (mf) within age between 3 to 85 years. In the present study the highest endemicity rate was found in the age group 61-70 years and the lowest endemicity rate 6.67% was found in the age group < = 10 years. Illiteracy, poor sanitation , lack of knowledge about the disease and not taking precaution of filariasis , habit of working in the fields till late night and early in the morning, sleeping outdoor without bed-nets, keeping cattle in the same house where they live were identified as risk factors for the disease.Key words: Prevalence; Lymphatic filariasis; Microfilaria; Crude disease rate.doi: 10.3126/eco.v13i0.1626Ecoprint (An International Journal of Ecology) Vol. 13, No. 1, 2006 Page: 29-34
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Nazar, Teuku Mochamad, Azmeri Azmeri, and Eldina Fatimah. "EVALUASI KEBERHASILAN PENGELOLAAN PROGRAM PENYEDIAAN AIR MINUM DAN SANITASI BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR." Jurnal Teknik Sipil 1, no. 4 (2018): 1019–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jts.v1i4.10063.
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Abstract: Clean water as a primary need of human which is generally used for drinking, bathing, cooking and washing should be met in terms of quantity, quality, and affordability and sustainability. The government through the national development program of water and sanitation universal access which declared that by 2019, Indonesia will achieve the 100% target of proper clean water and sanitation for the whole Indonesian people. Water supply and Sanitation community-based Program (PAMSIMAS) is one of the prominent programs of the central government that adopt a community-based approach, where the main actors are the society as well as the person in charge to implement the project. PAMSIMAS II was launched in Aceh since January 2013 to April 2016 in which thre e districts joined PAMSIMAS are Aceh Besar, Pidie and Bireuen, with a total number of villages of the program as 46. The study conducted in the District of Aceh Besar with selected 15 (fifteen) villages as research object. This study aims to identify the level of success of PAMSIMAS II and identified community participation in managing water and sanitation infrastructure that has been built by the program. Those things were measured by the factors namely: 1. Adequacy, quality and continuity of water, also 2. Performance of BPSPAM as management body in village. This study adopt quantitative analysis that supported by qualitative analysis. Data were collected by observation, questionnaires and interviews. At the end the SWOT analysis is performed for the formulation of a strategic planning in or order to make PAMSIMAS sustainable in achieving access of clean water. The result of this research is information about th position of The PAMSIMAS II after the calculation of EFAS and IFAS which conducted based on the questionair that deliver to the actors of PAMSIMAS II in district of Aceh Besar and also recomendation about priority strategy should be conducted for the development of PAMSIMAS II in the future. Abstrak: Air Bersih sebagai kebutuhan utama dalam kehidupan manusia yang umumnya digunakan untuk minum, mandi, memasak dan mencuci sudah seharusnya terpenuhi secara kuantitas, kualitas, terjangkau dan kontinu. Pemerintah melalui program pembangunan nasional akses universal air minum dan sanitasi menetapkan bahwa pada tahun 2019, Indonesia dapat mencapai 100 % target layanan air minum dan sanitasi yang layak. Program Penyediaan Air Minum dan Sanitasi Berbasis Masyarakat (PAMSIMAS) merupakan salah satu program andalan pemerintah pusat yang menggunakan pendekatan berbasis masyarakat, dimana masyarakat sebagai pelaku utama dan sekaligus penanggungjawab pelaksanaan kegiatan. Program PAMSIMAS II dilaksanakan di Provinsi Aceh mulai tahun 2013 sampai dengan April 2016 di 3 kabupaten yaitu Kabupaten Aceh Besar, Kabupaten Pidie dan Kabupaten Bireuen, dengan total desa yang bergabung adalah 46 Desa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di 15 desa di Kabupaten Aceh Besar sebagai objek penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi keberhasilan Program PAMSIMAS II dan mengindentifikasi peran serta masyarakat dalam mengelola infrastruktur air bersih dan sanitasi yang telah dibangun. Hal tersebut diukur melalui beberapa faktor, diantaranya: 1. kecukupan, kualitas dan keberlanjutan air dan, 2. Kinerja dari badan pengelola di masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisa kuantitatif yang didukung dengan analisa kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data dengan melakukan observasi, kuesioner dan wawancara. Penelitian ini melakukan Analisa SWOT yang bertujuan untuk perumusan rencana strategis agar Program PAMSIMAS dapat berkesinambungan dalam pemenuhan akan air bersih. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa identifikasi posisi Program PAMSIMAS II setelah dilakukan perhitungan EFAS dan IFAS yang dilakukan berdasarkan Kuesioner yang telah disebar kepada para pelaksana program PAMSIMAS II, dan kemudian dilanjutkan dengan rekomendasi prioritas strategi yang akan dilakukan untuk pengembangan Program PAMSIMAS II ke depan.
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Khanal, Pratik, and Shiva Raj Mishra. "Exploring Opportunities for Public Health Graduates in Government Health System in Nepal." Health Prospect 13, no. 1 (2014): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v13i1.11292.
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Nepal has a history of nearly three decades of public health education. Public health graduates are working under different capacities at governmental and non governmental organizations. If the health system can utilize this human resource, this will contribute to health system strengthening in Nepal. The objective of this paper is to explore the opportunities for public health graduates in government health system in Nepal. MoHP needs to expand opportunities for public health graduates in different areas within government system. Recruiting district level supervisors from bachelor in public health background would enhance performance because of their knowledge and skills on areas like district health management, research, public health administration, health economics and medical sociology as compared to those with certificate level education on General medicine currently being recruited. In the meantime this will create hundreds of job placements in district health system for job aspirants. Role of community health inspectors needs to be made clear and sanctioned at the district and peripheral level. Also, there is necessity of environmental health technicians, health educators, health economists and other types of health personnel. It is equally necessary to establish environmental health, occupational health, urban health, health care waste management, mental health and oral health units at district level. The other areas where public health graduates can work as health officers are District Development committee, Municipality, Women and Child office and Water and Sanitation Division Office. The public health community including its professional organization Nepal Public Health Association should advocate for the professional rights and contribute to create opportunities for public health graduates.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v13i1.11292 Health Prospect Vol.13(1) 2014: 7-11
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Anggraini, Rika, Iswandi U, and Endah Purwaningsih. "Kondisi Sanitasi Lingkungan Sekolah (Studi Kasus Sd Negeri Di Kecamatan Nan Sabaris Kabupaten Padang Pariaman." JURNAL BUANA 3, no. 1 (2019): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/student.v3i1.283.
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KONDISI SANITASI LINGKUNGAN SEKOLAH 
 (Studi Kasus SD Negeri di 
 Kecamatan Nan Sabaris Kabupaten Padang Pariaman)
 
 Rika Anggraini1, Iswandi U2, Endah Purwaningsih3
 Program Studi Geografi,
 Fakultas Ilmu Sosial, Universitas Negeri Padang
 E-mail : anggrainirika337@gmail.com
 
 ABSTRAK
 Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Mengetahui bagaimana sarana jamban/toilet di SD Negeri Kecamatan Nan Sabaris Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. (2) Mengetahui bagaimana sarana pembuangan air limbah di SD Negeri di Kecamatan Nan Sabaris Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Deskriptif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh SD Negeri di Kecamatan Nan Sabaris Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Metode pengumpulan data diperoleh dari hasil obsevasi, wawanvara, penyebaran angket dan dokumentasi penelitian. Teknik analisi data yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa (1) sanitasi jamban yang terpisah dari ruang kelas, ruang guru, perpustakaan dan UKS memiliki nilai 100%. Jumlah jamban yang tidak mencukupi yaitu 56,5%, sabun cuci tangan 30%, kondisi jamban 71% tidak selalu dalam keadaan bersih, kondisi bak penampungan air 91%, bak dikosongkan pada saat libur panjang 56,5%. (2) sarana pembuanga air limbah yang tidak terpisah dari penuntas air hujan 65%, limbah dibuang tidaak melalui septic tank 13% akan tetapi di alirkan ke sungai dan ke empang.
 
 Kata Kunci : Lingkungan, Sanitasi, Sekolah
 ABSTRACT
 The of aims research are (1) to know how the toilet’s facility in public elementary school in district of Nan Sabaris Kabupaten Padang Pariaman regency. (2) to know how the condition of the waste disposal facility in public elementary school in district of Nan Sabaris Kabupaten Padang Pariaman regency. The method used in this research is descriptive method. The population of this research is all of the public elementary school in district of Nan Sabaris Kabupaten Padang pariaman regency. The method of data’s collecting is got from the result of observation, interview, quoestionnaire distribution, and the documentation of research. The technique for analyzing data is total sampling technique. The result of the research shows that (1) separated toilet sanitation from class, teacher’s room, libarary, and school medical room, has score of 100%. The amount of insufficient toilets is 56,5%, hand soap is 30%, toilet’s condition which is not always good is 71%, condition of water reservoir is 91%, and clearing the bath tub in periode of holiday is 56,5%. (2) water disposal facility which is not separated from rainwater removal is 65%, the disposed waste doesn’t go through the septic tank is 13% but it goes through river and canals.
 
 Keyword :Environment, Sanitation, School
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Maknun, Syeda Shahida, Naznin Nahar, and Humayun Kabir. "Women Health and Menstrual Hygiene Management in Natural Disasters: A Study in Islampur Upazila of Jamalpur District." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 43, no. 1 (2017): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v43i1.46248.
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The study examines health and menstrual hygiene management of disaster affected women at Kulkandi Village under Islampur Upazila of Jamalpur District and explores their needs and problems regarding menstrual hygiene issues during disasters. This present study based mainly on primary field investigation including questionnaire survey with women and girls, focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) reveals that unhygienic sanitation and unclean water during disaster leads them to severe health issues including gynaecological problems. A significant number of respondents (21%) experienced urinary tract infections and 24% faced rashes on sensitive private parts of their bodies. Managing their menstruation and maintaining a good standard of menstrual hygiene is difficult for them because of the factors established in this study, such as inadequate knowledge, culture and traditions, inadequate facilities and services, poverty and lack of access to health care. Effective cooperation from both the government agencies and NGOs is needed to promote good menstrual hygiene management (health care issues, sanitary pads in relief materials, workshops) in the study
 Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 43(1): 83-99, June 2017
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Byanju, Reena, and Ranjana Gupta. "Lymphatic Filariasis: Epidemiological Analysis of the Situation in Salyantar VDC of Dhading District, Nepal." Journal of Natural History Museum 26 (December 17, 2015): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v26i0.14137.
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A cross sectional survey was carried out by taking 516 mid night blood samples from 206 households in 1,2 and 3 wards of Salyantar village development committee of Dhading district, Nepal with the objective to analyze the epidemiological situation of lymphatic filariasis. The main aim of the study was to provide the data essential for the planning, implementation and evaluation of the services to the prevention, control and treatment of lymphatic filariasis.Questionnaire survey was conducted for the collection of information of the respondents. Blood samples were collected by means of ear-lobe prick method. Microscopical examination of the collected blood samples revealed 117 positive cases i.e. 22.67%. Males (24.54%) were found to be infected more than females (21.28%) in the ration of 1.2:1. The highest distribution of microfilarial parasites was in the age group >70 years (36.36%) while the least was in the age group ≤10 years (12.37%). The infected youngest person was 4 years old boy and the oldest was 85 years old man. Endemicity rate and crude disease rate was reported to be 44.76% and 22.09% respectively. Illiteracy, lack of awareness about the disease, poor sanitation, carelessness in using bed-nets and health were identified as the major risk factors for filariasis.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 26, 2012: 136-145
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Darmi, Titi, Ledyawati, Novliza Eka Patrisia, and Iqbal Miftakhul Mujtahid. "Coastal Area Management Strategy Through Strengthening Community Capacity in Sumber Jaya Kampung Melayu District Bengkulu City." E3S Web of Conferences 202 (2020): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020202006.
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In general, the socioeconomic life of the coastal communities of Kampung Melayu is still in a circle of poor life, identical to the lives of the fishing communities living in the coastal areas. This is influenced by the low capacity of human resources, social economy, culture, environment, and government policies. This research aims to 1) describe the conditions and problems faced by fishing communities living in coastal areas: 2) know the strategy for building the capacity of people living in the coastal areas of Kampung Melayu, through field observations methods, interviews, FGD`s, and related literature. The results of this study are often the condition of people living in a better location within the coastal areas of Kampung Melayu. This involves the government, which provided infrastructure in the form of environmental roads, sanitation, and parks. However, there is a need to increase the capacity of human resources, alternative innovations for people's livelihoods, technology development, easy access to capital, provision of infrastructure, and market governance. In line with this, the government needs to collaborate with universities, private media sector, and local communities, for a greater success.