Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sanitation in the Bible

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Academic literature on the topic 'Sanitation in the Bible'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sanitation in the Bible"

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Prudkov, M. I., and A. D. Kovalevskii. "Transfistula fibrocholangioscopy: diagnosis and correction for major duodenal papilla drainage disturbances." Annaly khirurgicheskoy gepatologii = Annals of HPB Surgery 27, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.16931/1995-5464.2022-4-91-99.

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Aim. To explore the potential of transfistula fibrocholangioscopy for the definite diagnosis and correction of drainage disturbances in the major duodenal papilla and the terminal portion of the common bile duct.Materials and methods. In the period of 2017–2019, we examined 230 patients with functioning external biliary drains, who underwent surgery in the hospitals of the region. Residual concrements were identified and removed from the bile ducts of 158 patients through external biliary fistulas. The research methodology involved monitoring the external bile flow rate, fistulocholangiography and transfistula fibrocholangioscopy to examine bile outflow through the common bile duct and major papilla before and after stones removal, elimination of cholangitis and papillitis.Results. The examination of 37 patients revealed no obstruction to bile drainage. After eliminating the cause of papillitis (cholangiolithiasis, drainage) and inflammatory changes the bile outflow through the major papilla was restored in 112 patients. The bile outflow disturbance persisted in 81 patients after removal of abnormalities in the terminal portion of the common bile duct and major papilla. 70 of them underwent the graduated 'rendezvous' papillotomy, and seven – antegrade balloon dilatation. Four patients underwent a rendezvous papillotomy with antegrade balloon dilatation. The failure rate was 1.2%, complications – 9.9%, including III–IV grade complications (2.5%) according to the Clavien–Dindo classification. One patient died (1.2%).Conclusion. Antegrade transfistula fibrocholangioscopy methods of endobiliary examination and bile duct sanitation comprise a valuable contribution to modern biliary surgery. They are mostly appropriate to be applied in centers which a focus on residual diseases of the bile ducts.
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Belyuk, K. S., E. V. Mogilevets, A. V. Zabolotnaya, D. Y. Yakovchik, R. S. Shilo, L. F. Vasilchuk, and O. S. Soroka. "THE USE OF X-RAY ENDOVASCULAR METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT IN A PATIENT WITH POSTTRAUMATIC HEMOBILIA DUE TO PENETRATING WOUND OF THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY. OUR OWN EXPERIENCE." Hepatology and Gastroenterology 5, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.25298/2616-5546-2021-5-1-85-88.

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Background. Hemobilia is the excretion of blood alongside with bile through intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts. Despite the use of new methods of diagnosis and treatment, the mortality rate from hemobilia remains high (20-40%). Objective. To demonstrate a clinical case and some methods of diagnosis and treatment of a patient with hemobilia. Material and methods. The article presents our own clinical observation of a patient with a penetrating knife wound of the abdominal cavity with liver injury complicated by hemobilia. Two-stage treatment was performed including upper midline laparotomy, cholecystectomy, and biliary tract sanitation with external drainage of the common bile duct according to Pikovsky in combination with angioembolization of the damaged artery of the 4th liver segment. Results. The analysis of the clinical case shows X-ray endovascular methods to be one of the promising ways of increasing surgical management efficiency of traumatic hemobilia. Conclusions. This observation shows the possibility of developing hemobilia without signs of intra-abdominal bleeding in penetrating abdominal wounds with liver injury. The use of X-ray endovascular diagnostic methods can improve treatment outcomes of patients with hemobilia of traumatic origin.
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Iorio, Luigi, Natale Gaspare De Santo, and Giovanni Aliotta. "Diuretic Plants Cited in the “Moretum” Poem from the Appendix Vergiliana." Nephrology @ Point of Care 2, no. 1 (January 2016): pocj.5000205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/pocj.5000205.

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The authors first deal with the poor man's diet in ancient times, considering the moretum a short poem of the Appendix Vergiliana (Ist century BC) that describes in detail the making of a focaccia by the farmer Simulo. Then, they compare the Moretum with the guidelines reported in ancient texts such as the Bible and Flos Medicinae or Regimen Sanitatis Salerni (13th century), a manual of practical medicine that describes all the rules that help us live a healthy life, with the human body as a harmonic part of all Creation. Finally, modern aspects are discussed. Core tip: Nutritional balance has been associated with some ancient diuretic plants of the Mediterranean Region used for making the focaccia known as moretum.
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Datsii, О., N. Datsii, O. Zborovska, O. Aleinikova, and O. Krasovska. "MARKETING RESEARCH OF THE STATE POLICY IN THE FIELD OF SANITATION OF THE SETTLEMENT TERRITORY." Financial and credit activity: problems of theory and practice 2, no. 37 (April 30, 2021): 510–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v2i37.230679.

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Abstract. The purpose of the paper is to study the basis of state policy in the field of sanitation of the territory of the settlement, especially under decentralization of management. The survey is based on the analysis of the development of the legal framework of Ukraine, CIS countries and European countries on household waste management, and study of statistical information on the current stage of waste management with further identification of the current problems which Ukraine faces in this field, and providing practical recommendations taking into account the decentralization process which is currently taking place and as well as foreign experience. It is found that the need for separate collection of household waste has become essential in the field of environmental protection. However, due to inadequate system of solid household waste management in settlements, usually in the private sector, 26.9 thousand unauthorized landfills are detected annually. The solution to this problem is to cultivate the culture of the population and raise their motivation to sort waste. Besides, one of the reasons for such a phenomenon is the absence of a legal mechanism of utilization of waste in the rural area. It has been established that in order to increase the efficiency of administrative management of social development on the corresponding territory the decentralization of management has been chosen as priority. It has resulted in the possibility of the community’s cooperation which has a number of advantages for settlements improvement, in particular for sanitation of the territories. In order to solve the problem of reducing the unauthorized landfills in the private sector of the rural area the implementation of measures aimed at development of the culture of the population and raising their motivation to sort waste has been proposed. In order to increase the motivation of taxpayers for the rational management of waste, it is proposed to apply tax incentives, in particular, income tax and value added tax for companies that: carry out operations to supply equipment intended for use in the manufacture of waste products; promote investment in the manufacture of containers, garbage trucks and the construction of waste sorting plants. Keywords: marketing research, sanitary clearing of the territory, settlements, domestic waste, improvement of settlements. JEL Classification M31, R11 Formulas: 0; fig.: 1; table: 2; bibl.: 23.
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Çiftçi, Mehtap, and Nilgün Öncül. "Fethiye Bölgesinde Açıkta Satılan Tüketime Hazır Bazı Gıdalarda Koliform Bakteri Sayısının Belirlenmesi." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, sp (January 6, 2022): 2552–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9isp.2552-2559.4928.

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Since coliform bacteria are common both in the intestine and in nature (soil, plant, etc.), they are considered as a sanitation indicator in the food industry. It is known that the majority of bacteria defined as fecal coliform in the coliform group are Escherichia coli. The presence of E. coli or fecal coliform bacteria in any sample is an indication that the necessary hygienic measures are not taken during production, storage, and sale. That means the sample is directly or indirectly contaminated with faeces, and/or other intestinal pathogens may also exist. In this study, raw milk, freshly squeezed fruit juices, unpackaged ice cream, shaved ice, and ice-cold samples were purchased from the famous touristic destination Fethiye and analyzed for coliform bacteria. For this purpose, the samples were purchased from local marketplaces, buffets, cafes, patisseries, restaurants, and roadsides at Fethiye. In total 60 samples were analyzed using Violet Red Bile (VRB) Agar. The results of coliform bacteria ranged
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CHUNG, K. S., C. N. KIM, and K. NAMGOONG. "Evaluation of the Petrifilm Rapid Coliform Count Plate Method for Coliform Enumeration from Surimi-Based Imitation Crab Slurry." Journal of Food Protection 63, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-63.1.123.

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The 3M Petrifilm rapid coliform count (RCC) plate method was compared with two conventional methods, namely violet red bile agar (VRBA) and desoxycholate lactose agar (DLA), for enumerating coliforms. The VRBA plating method is a reference method in the Bacteriological Analytical Manual and the DLA plating method is the method recommended by the Food Sanitation Law of Korea for enumeration of coliforms. Serratia sp., a coliform that was isolated from frozen surimi, was incubated in surimi-based imitation crab (SBIC) slurries and enumerated on the Petrifilm RCC, VRBA, and DLA plates. Results from the Petrifilm RCC plate were not significantly different from results from VRBA or DLA plates at P < 0.05 level. The correlation coefficient for Petrifilm RCC plates versus the VRBA method and for Petrifilm RCC plates versus the DLA method were 0.994 and 0.996, respectively. With the Petrifilm RCC plate method, we were able to estimate presumptive coliforms (except Serratia sp.) after 14 h and to enumerate confirmed coliforms (including Serratia sp.) after 24 h.
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Bondariev, R. V., L. Yу Markulan, V. M. Ivantsok, O. O. Bondarieva, and M. M. Levon. "NATURE OF POST-SURGERY COMPLICATIONS AFTER CHOLECYSTECTOMY OF DESTRUCTIVE CHOLECYSTITIS IN PATIENTS OF AN OLDER AGE GROUP WITH A ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE." Kharkiv Surgical School, no. 4 (October 12, 2020): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37699/2308-7005.4.2020.03.

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Аbstract. The significance of the problem of acute cholecystitis in the elderly and senile is due to a high increase in the incidence, the presence of marked concomitant diseases. There is no literature data on a comparative analysis of early post-surgery complications of acute destructive cholecystitis in elderly and senile patients with concomitant coronary heart disease after traditional cholecystectomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The Aim of the study is a comparative analysis of the nature of early post-surgery complications after traditional cholecystectomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy of acute destructive cholecystitis in the elderly and senile with concomitant coronary heart disease. Materials and methods of research. A comparative analysis of early post-surgery complications was performed in 392 patients aged 60 and over with concomitant coronary heart disease who underwent surgical treatment for acute destructive cholecystitis. Depending on the method of surgical treatment, patients were divided into two groups: the І group (n = 178) — surgical treatment was carried out in the amount of traditional cholecystectomy, sanitation of the abdominal cavity with saline and decasan solution; the ІІ group (n = 214) — surgical treatment included laparoscopic cholecystectomy, sanitation of the abdominal cavity with saline and «decasan» solution, extraction of the gallbladder in a rubber sterile container through a subxiphoid wound, which, after removal of the gallbladder, was sanitized with «decasan» solution. Research results. Complications from the cardiovascular system in the 1st group were noted in 2.8 % of patients, pneumonia — 1.1 %, from the abdominal cavity — 8.5 %, wounds — 25.8 %, postoperative intestinal paresis — 19, 1 %, mortality — 1.1 %. In the 2nd group, complications from the cardiovascular system — 0.5 %, from the abdominal cavity — 4.7 %, wounds — 4.2 %, postoperative intestinal paresis — 8.4 %, mortality — 0.5 %. Complications related to bile leakage, the development of biloma or biliary peritonitis in the groups did not differ. Conclusions. The use of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute destructive cholecystitis in elderly people with concomitant coronary heart disease has reduced the number of postoperative complications from the cardiovascular system compared with traditional cholecystectomy from 2.8 % to 0.5 %, from the abdominal cavity — from 8.5 to 4.7 %, from the side of the wound — from 25.8 to 4.2 %, reduce mortality from 1.1 to 0.5 %.
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Dzidzava, I. I., B. N. Kotiv, A. A. Apollonov, A. V. Smorodsky, A. V. Slobodjanik, S. A. Soldatov, A. V. Kudrjavceva, I. V. Dmitrochenko, and A. A. Afanasyev. "Modern approaches to diagnosis and treatment of bacterial liver abscesses." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 20, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma12323.

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Modern notions about etiology, pathogenesis and microbiological characteristics of bacterial liver abscesses are analyzed. Cholangiogenic abscess is a prevailing type among the incidences of liver abscesses. Today Klebsiella pneumoniae strains are the predominant cause of pyogenic hepatic abscess. Diagnosis of liver abscesses is based on a combination of clinical and laboratory findings and visualization survey methods. Success in the treatment of liver abscesses is provided by a multimodal approach, including sanation of purulent focus, rational antibacterial therapy and elimination of the main etiologic factor. Effective antibiotic therapy is based on the results of permanent microbiological monitoring of the abscess cavity, bile and blood contents. The question remains about what is the optimal time frame for antibiotic therapy. The main method of treatment of liver abscess is surgical. In the vast majority of cases, minimally invasive puncture-drainage under ultrasound or CT guidance proves to be an effective and sufficient method of treatment, regardless of the size, location and number of purulent foci. There is no consensus, however, on a differentiated choice of minimally invasive sanitation techniques, drainage periods and removal criteria in medical literature. An algorithm for treatment of cholangiogenic liver abscesses must include methods that ensure restoration of the bile ducts patency, relief of biliary hypertension and cholangitis. If the minimally invasive drainage techniques proves ineffective, as well as in cases of complicated abscess or presence of large sequesters in the destruction cavity, it is recommended to perform laparoscopic or traditional open surgery (including liver resections).
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Anita, Anita Anita, Tuty Widyanti, Effendy Rasiyanto, and Budiawan S. HI Karim. "IDENTIFIKASI TELUR CACING NEMATODA USUS SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTH (STH) PADA MASYARAKAT DI PULAU LAE-LAE KOTA MAKASSAR." Lontara 2, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.53861/lontarariset.v2i1.188.

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ABSTRACT Communities on Lae-Lae Island, Makassar City have sanitation facilities that are still poor and very limited with quality far from health standards. This causes people who live in these islands to face various health problems, one of which is the risk of being infected with eggs of intestinal nematode worms Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH). This study aims to identify the eggs of the intestinal nematode worm Soil Transmitted Helminthes in the feces of people on Lae-Lae Island, Makassar City. This type of research is a laboratory observation with a purposive sampling technique of 10 stool samples. Based on the results of research that has been carried out on 10 faecal samples, it was found 1 positive stool sample for Trichuris trichura worm eggs with distinctive egg-shaped characteristics such as the shape of crock worm eggs or wine barrels and at both ends there are two mucoid plugs. The egg wall is brown from the color of the bile at both ends, it is clear, while the other 9 stool samples are negative the type of worm Trichuris trichura and 9 other samples were negative.
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May, S. A., A. G. Korotkevich, and I. V. Savostyanov. "Evaluation of the influence of methods of sanitation of the common bile duct on the course of the postoperative period of endoscopic papillosphincterotomy." Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology, no. 5 (October 5, 2022): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-201-5-27-31.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sanitation in the Bible"

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Flores, A. E. "Towards sustainable sanitation : evaluating the sustainability of resource-oriented sanitation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599089.

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Resource-oriented sanitation systems are designed to recover resources from wastewater while minimizing the demand on other resources, particularly water and energy. This research explores the proposition that such systems offer a more sustainable alternative to conventional waterbourne systems. Its centrepiece is a case study of the world’s largest urban dry sanitation system designed for complete resource recovery, located at the Erdos Eco-Town Project (EETP) in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. In the case study, the sustainability of the EETP’s dry system (DRY system) is compared against that of a conventional waterbourne system (WET system) based on technical, environment, economic, and societal indicators. From a technical perspective, the two systems were found to be generally capable of meeting treatment standards and capacity requirements. However, the less technologically mature DRY system requires further improvements particularly with regards to odour control, toilet design, and faecal material handling. The DRY system offers clear environmental advantages such as reduced water consumption, the recovery of valuable resources from domestic wastewater, reduced eutrophication, and reduced toxicity of agricultural soils; however, these benefits come at the cost of higher energy consumption and greater infrastructure requirements. The DRY system requires greater infrastructure and therefore higher capital costs, has higher operational costs, and does not benefit from economy of scale. As a novel technology, however, it does offer the potential for local business development. The WET system performs better based on the societal indicators largely because it is well-established system. The DRY system suffers from low user acceptability due to the more complex design of the urine diversion dry toilets, odours and the prevailing view of the flush toilet as the “gold standard”. An important concern with the DRY system is the health risk associated with its faecal management system.
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Harada, Hidenori. "A proposal of advanced sanitation system and attempts to improve Vietnamese sanitation." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/137097.

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Seymour, Zakiya Ayo-Zahra. "Understanding what sanitation users value - examining preferences and behaviors for sanitation systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52168.

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Over the last two decades, sanitation policy and development has undergone a paradigm shift away from heavily-subsidized, supply-driven approaches towards behavioral-based demand-driven approaches. These current approaches to increase sanitation demand are multi-faceted, requiring multiple stakeholders with varying degrees of interest, knowledge, and capacity. Although efforts exist to increase sanitation access by incorporating engineering design principles with implementation planning approaches, these groups generally work independently without strong connections, thus reducing the potential of their impact. As a result, the design of appropriate sanitation technology is disengaged from the implementation of acceptable technology into communities, disconnecting user preference integration from sanitation technology design and resulting in fewer sanitation technologies being adopted and used. To address these challenges in developing successful interventions, this research examined how user preferences for specific attributes of appropriate sanitation technologies and their respective implementation arrangements influence their adoption and usage. Data for the study included interviews of 1002 sanitation users living in a peri-urban area of South Africa; the surveyed respondents were asked about their existing sanitation technology, their preferences for various sanitation technology design attributes, as well as their perspectives on current and preferred sanitation implementation arrangements. The data revealed that user acceptability of appropriate sanitation technology is influenced by the adoption classification of the users. Through the identification of motives and barriers to sanitation usage that were statistically significant, it exhibited the need to differentiate users who share private sanitation from those use communal sanitation facilities. Results also indicated that user acceptability of appropriate sanitation systems is dependent on the technical design attributes of sanitation. The development of utility functions detailed the significance of seven technical design attributes and determined their respective priorities. An agent-based simulation examined how user preferences for sanitation technology design and implementation influence its adoption and usage. Findings suggest that user acceptability of sanitation technology is dependent on both the technology design and the implementation arrangement being preferred.
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Gupta, Romanshi. "Sanitation, Ek Prem Katha: The Impact of Sanitation on Education in Indian Government Schools." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1260.

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The Total Sanitation Campaign is an initiative launched by the Government of India in 1999 to accelerate sanitation coverage throughout the country. This thesis measures the impact of the Total Sanitation Campaign on education in Indian government schools. I assess whether access to toilets, access to water or access to both toilets and water impact the following parameters of education: literacy, current enrollment in school or completed years of education. Data is sourced from the Indian Human Development Survey (IHDS) 2005, sorted for the nineteen major states in India and aggregated at a district level for each state. The analysis employs two separate probit regression models to assess sanitation facilities’ impact on literacy and current enrollment in school, and a robust linear model to assess sanitation facilities’ impact on completed years of education. The models control for age, sex, caste, religion, household location, household size and household income. The results indicate that sanitation facilities positively impact education based on the age, sex and caste of the sample population. These findings present implications for future policymaking in order to improve access to and participation in education.
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Norman, Rachel. "Monitoring global water and sanitation." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8474.

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The process of determining outputs and outcomes plays a key role in the setting of global targets, in defining national sector policy and strategic plans and in ensuring a continuous, safe supply of affordable water. Each of these actions, are integrally linked by aggregated data sets generated through an effective monitoring and evaluation (M&E) process. This thesis examines the various components of M&E across three case studies: Global, Kenya and Uganda, including aspects such as whether roles and responsibilities are realistically assigned and whether there is a recurring set of core indicators being monitored and reported. The research has also sought to establish an evidence base of the associated costs and efficacy of use of M&E. Through purposive and snowball sampling, fieldwork was undertaken across the case studies with 85 key stakeholders. Programme, national and global level data sets were collected through structured literature reviews, document and data archive reviews, key informant and semi-structured interviews. Qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods were applied. The results demonstrate that despite having a recurring global goal and associated target, the number and variety of indicators reported against has grown over time and at each level. In turn this is placing a burden on already resource constrained countries. Regardless of the various principles of harmonization and alignment, countries are still required to manage internally and externally driven parallel systems. Whilst the research suggests the costs of M&E are escalating, the full extent of this increase remains unknown as does the extent of efficacy of use of M&E. Despite evidence that country-led M&E processes are at some level achieving their objectives, with the continuing complexities of the sector particularly around the accompanying aid architecture, M&E is not currently ‘fit for purpose’ for use in the WASH sector and is unlikely to be providing value for money.
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Questad, Adam (Adam David). "Investigation of I-WASH's community-led total sanitation and alternative decentralized sanitation models in rural Ghana." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74490.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-122).
2.5 billion people worldwide do not have access to improved sanitation and Sub-Saharan Africa is not on track to meet the MDG sanitation target. As of 2010, Ghana has achieved 14% national improved sanitation coverage and is not projected to meet the sanitation target by 2015 (WHO, UNICEF, 2012). UNICEF, in partnership with the European Union, developed the I-WASH program to assist in eradicating guinea worm throughout nine endemic districts of rural Ghana between 2007 and 2011. Their proposal included a significant sanitation component that intended the construction of 48,000 latrines over the four-year project duration. However, only 3,100 latrines were constructed after the project completion. UNICEF has since been attempting to validate their projects by switching the goal from latrine construction to Open Defecation Free (ODF) communities created by the use of Community-led Total Sanitation (CLTS). The author observed that only 9% of the villages throughout the I-WASH project area had achieved ODF status as of January 2012; again validating the failure of the I-WASH project to improve sanitation coverage throughout Ghana. By conducting an extensive literature review and interviewing international development experts, local government officials, and members of the community in Ghana, the author investigated the reasons that the I-WASH program was not successful in its sanitation goal. While the field of sanitation is and will continue to be a serious challenge, the author concludes that a link is missing between the community-based subsidy-free approaches (i.e. CLTS) and the low-cost technological solutions that exist. The following represents the main recommendations of the author to assist Pure Home Water, NGOs, and the Government of Ghana to provide improved sanitation coverage throughout Ghana: Increase harmonization between the government, NGOs, communities, and international agencies and donors; Improve the Government of Ghana Environmental Sanitation Strategy and provide strict enforcement of building codes; Increase monitoring of CLTS-triggered communities; Provide low-cost sanitation technology options and/or technical support to CLTS-triggered communities
by Adam Questad.
M.Eng.
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Lau, Jonathan (Jonathan Ho Yin). "Designing sanitation projects in rural Ghana." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66840.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-78).
Providing sanitation to rural areas in Ghana remains a huge challenge. Government funding is scarce while many international donor projects are ineffective. This thesis explores the difficulties with rural sanitation projects through the implementation of two pilot projects based on a co-evolutionary design and planning process. Additionally, qualitative and quantitative information provided by an NGO partner field surveys in the Northern Region, Ghana, as well as relevant literature are presented and analyzed. Two pilot Ecological Sanitation (EcoSan) latrine designs were tested on the ground by MIT researchers during January 2011. The pilot EcoSan latrines are cheaper than single-pit Ventilated- Improved-Pit (VIP) latrines built in Northern Region, Ghana. The Bin-Bin design and the Pure Home Water design have a construction cost of GHS 537 (USD $384) and GHS 943 (USD $674) respectively. However, social acceptability of EcoSan technology remains uncertain. In an assessment matrix, which includes five different latrine designs, the Bin-Bin and Sanergy latrine designs receive the highest scores (19 out of 27) for a given set of design and evaluation criteria. Potential areas for cost reductions and design improvements are identified. The following is recommended for organizations working in sanitation in rural Ghana: e Shift away from heavily subsidized, top-down sanitation projects: Investigate the local demand and willingness to pay for latrines and experiment with for-profit models such as the Sanergy/Easy Latrine models. * Investigate low-cost building materials and supply chains that can reduce latrine costs: Pilot and test rammed-earth blocks, mud-bricks and any other suitable, locally-available building materials. Investigate centralized latrine manufacturing processes. * Explore innovative design options: Move away from single-pit VIP latrine designs; Pilot and scale-up other designs, including the Bin-Bin, Sanergy and Easy latrines, in order to assess their social acceptability and costs. e Consolidate the work of organizations involved with sanitation: Create an easily accessible online database that summarizes various sanitation projects conducted by different organizations in Ghana to allow for effective collaboration and idea-sharing.
by Jonathan Lau.
M.Eng.
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Santos, Andreia Costa. "Demand for Sanitation in Salvador, Brazil." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2008. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/768488/.

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Many studies have demonstrated that improvements in infrastructure have been effective in reducing inequalities due to poverty. The Brazilian Government has invested a significant amount of resources to improve access to sanitation facilities in the municipalities in Brazil in the last decade. One of these programmes is the Bahia Azul programme of sanitation, which aimed to supply sanitation for all the population in the City of Salvador and the surrounding areas. In this programme, households have to pay the costs of the sewer connected to household excreta disposal to treatment plants. So far, models applied to sanitation studies were either misspecified, presenting serious bias, or did not demonstrate the causal relationship among variables. The objective of this study is to assess the demand for sanitation in Salvador, with focus on determinants of the choice for types of connections. Sanitation was assessed as a function of the objective variables (socioeconomic and demographic, alternative attributes) and non-observed variables, defined in this study as perception and attitude. The Hybrid Choice Model was the theoretical model used in this analysis. A questionnaire was administered to 721 households. The model was estimated using a sequential estimation, associating a latent model (MIMIC) to a mixed logit model. The analysis showed that the inclusion of latent variables in the model increased the magnitude and significance of the estimation of demand. Results indicated that the more educated' and wealthy household tended to choose a system of sanitation. The attributes of usefulness, suitableness, convenience, and healthy, not the latrine and connection themselves, were what the households really cared about. The results of my investigation supported the appropriateness of the Hybrid model for demand evaluation: latent variables incorporated to a discrete choice model improved the explanation of household behaviour, and filled the gap between behavioural theory and discrete choice models applied to sanitation.
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Misner, Scottie, and Evelyn Whitmer. "The Latest in Kitchen Sanitation Issues." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146681.

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Tshivhase, Ndiafhi Jeremiah. "Social factors that affect the acceptability of the enviro loo sanitation technology: a case of schools in Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1806.

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Thesis (M. Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2016
The purpose of this study was to investigate the social factors that affect the acceptability of the Enviro Loo sanitation technology in schools. The study adopted the anti-positivism theory. Phenomenology school of thought was used as one of the three schools of thoughts as marked under Anti-positivism. The qualitative research method had its foothold in the fact that social factors, as a human activity, occurs in a particular natural and social environment. Utilising the qualitative research design, the researcher focused on describing and understanding the social factors that influence the acceptability of the Enviro Loo sanitation technology at schools. The study utilised an interview guide to collect data. The advantage of this is that it allowed the researcher to probe and ask for clarification of some answers as given by the respondents The population of this study comprised 35 secondary schools in Limpopo Province that benefited from the implementation of the Enviro Loo sanitation technology system during the 2010/11 financial years. Non-probability sampling was used. The method used to select the schools was convenience sampling as a non-probability sampling technique where subjects are selected because of their convenient accessibility and proximity to the researcher. This is because the researcher was bound by time, money and workforce and because of these limitations, it was almost impossible to randomly sample the entire population. Three sets of focus groups were used as sample, namely; the Provincial Sanitation Task Team (PSTT), School Governing Body (SGB) and Leaner’s Representative Council (LRC). All groups were gender balanced and members participated voluntarily. Nvivo was utilised to analyse data. The audio recordings from the digital voice recorder were transcribed, translated into English, typed into word and thematic analysis was used.
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Books on the topic "Sanitation in the Bible"

1

The sanitary code of the Pentateuch. New York: Fleming H. Revell, 1985.

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Miller, Keith D. Martin Luther King's biblical epic: His final, great speech. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2012.

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Martin Luther King's biblical epic: His final, great speech. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2012.

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Woolley, E. L. Sanitation details. London: International Thomson Business Publishing, 1990.

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Publishing, Arco, ed. Sanitation worker. 7th ed. New York: Prentice Hall, 1992.

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Sanitation workers. New York: PowerKids Press, 2016.

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Poskanzer, Susan Cornell. Sanitation worker. Mahwah, N.J: Troll Associates, 1989.

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Guthrie, Rufus K. Food sanitation. 3rd ed. New York, N.Y: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1988.

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Sanitation management. 2nd ed. East Lansing, Mich: Educational Institute of the American Hotel & Motel Association, 1993.

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Sanitation workers. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sanitation in the Bible"

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Hui, Dora. "Sanitation." In Encyclopedia of Immigrant Health, 1321–23. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5659-0_676.

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Bonnell, A. D. "Sanitation." In Quality Assurance in Seafood Processing: A Practical Guide, 77–89. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2642-1_6.

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Ryan, L. "Sanitation." In Post-harvest Tobacco Infestation Control, 37–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2723-5_4.

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Heppner, John B., David B. Richman, Steven E. Naranjo, Dale Habeck, Christopher Asaro, Jean-Luc Boevé, Johann Baumgärtner, et al. "Sanitation." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 3247. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_4019.

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Crawshaw, Nancy. "Sanitation." In Building Construction and Drawing 1906, 607–52. 4th ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003261674-15.

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Ford, Thomas, and Amy Opper. "Sanitation and Sanitation Issues at Retail." In Retail Food Safety, 145–52. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1550-7_9.

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Marriott, Norman G. "Sanitation Equipment." In Food Science Text Series, 26–28. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1560-8_9.

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Marriott, Norman G., and Gill Robertson. "Seafood Sanitation." In Food Science Texts Series, 211–20. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6045-6_13.

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Zoecklein, Bruce W., Kenneth C. Fugelsang, Barry H. Gump, and Fred S. Nury. "Winery Sanitation." In Wine Analysis and Production, 272–79. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6967-8_17.

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Fugelsang, Kenneth C. "Winery Sanitation." In Wine Microbiology, 159–68. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6970-8_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sanitation in the Bible"

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Grana, Costantino, Daniele Borghesani, Simone Calderara, and Rita Cucchiara. ""Inside the bible"." In Proceeding of the 1st ACM international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1460096.1460158.

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Kim, Hyoyoung, and Jin Wan Park. "Topics on bible visualization." In SIGGRAPH Asia 2013 Art Gallery. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2542256.2542261.

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Octavianus, Cindy, I. Putu Ayub Darmawan, Maria Lidya Wenas, and Mikha Agus Widiyanto. "Effectiveness of Action Bible Game Board Media to Introduce Bible Characters to Children." In 1st World Conference on Social and Humanities Research (W-SHARE 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220402.039.

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Wlochova, Andrea. "THE IMPORTANCE OF THE KRALICE BIBLE." In 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocialf2018/2.3/s21.022.

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Kanungo, Tapas, and Philip Resnik. "The Bible, truth, and multilingual OCR evaluation." In Electronic Imaging '99, edited by Daniel P. Lopresti and Jiangying Zhou. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.335806.

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Susanto, Budi, Wahju Satria Wibowo, Centaury Harjani, and Koniherawati. "Bible Learning with Board Game for Children." In 2nd International Media Conference 2019 (IMC 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200325.006.

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Bhuwandeep and Piyusa Pritiparnna Das. "A Scale to measure behavioral change regarding sanitation post implementation of sanitation programs." In 2020 Fourth World Conference on Smart Trends in Systems Security and Sustainablity (WorldS4). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/worlds450073.2020.9210349.

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Johnson, Paul A. "New Systems in Plant Sanitation." In ASME 2005 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec2005-5102.

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Clean-In-Place (CIP) of beverage, dairy and food processes is achieved by pre-rinsing, circulation of detergents, post rinsing, and sanitizing of process equipment designed for such automated cleaning. As processing plants have expanded production capacities, the size of the equipment has increased accordingly, creating a corresponding increase in the water volumes and sanitation compounds required to achieve proper cleaning and sanitation. The purpose of this paper is to identify the environmental factors impacted by the CIP process, further to offer areas of scrutiny that the processing facility staff may evaluate for improvement potential. Paper published with permission.
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Krithiga, R. "‘EARTHBOT’- The Smart Sanitation Robot." In 2019 IEEE International WIE Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (WIECON-ECE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wiecon-ece48653.2019.9019938.

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Baugher, Brooke. "Rwanda Ecological Sanitation Latrine Design." In 2019 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ghtc46095.2019.9033072.

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Reports on the topic "Sanitation in the Bible"

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Baker, Clara. Bertolt Brecht and the Bible. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5319.

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Rodríguez-Lesmes, Paul, Sanghmitra Gautam, Juan P. Baquero, and Britta Augsburg. Sanitation and marriage markets in India: evidence from the total sanitation campaign. The IFS, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/wp.ifs.2021.4421.

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Tillett, Will, and Oliver Jones. ‘Improving Rural Sanitation in Challenging Contexts’ Sanitation Learning Hub Learning Brief 8. The Sanitation Learning Hub, Institute of Development Studies, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.006.

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Of the two billion people worldwide lacking access to at least basic sanitation, seven out of ten live in rural areas. Progress has been made on increasing rural sanitation and access levels are rising, but barriers remain in reaching the ‘last mile’ or some 10 to 20 per cent of the population who live in the most challenging contexts. The factors affecting the ability of households to construct and use toilets, as well as the challenges sanitation programmes face in reaching specific groups, are highly diverse. Applying one-size fits all approaches has been proven not to work; therefore, we need more nuanced, adapted, and targeted approaches to capture the universality element of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and ensure that no one is left behind. However, we recognise that challenges can be persistent and there are limited documented examples of how to overcome these challenges at scale. The Sanitation Learning Hub, UNICEF, and WaterAid commissioned this study to map rural sanitation approaches in challenging contexts and the guidance currently being used, drawing out emerging experiences and lessons. It involved key informant interviews (KIIs) with 44 interviewees, and consulting over 180 documented resources. This Learning Brief provides an overview of the study findings.
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Geruso, Michael, and Dean Spears. Neighborhood Sanitation and Infant Mortality. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21184.

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Oteiza, Francisco, Britta Augsburg, and Laura Abramovsky. Sustainable Total Sanitation in Nigeria. The IFS, June 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/re.ifs.2019.0156.

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Uhlig, Cody, and Daniel Smith. Vacuum Sanitation Energy Efficiency Retrofits Project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509914.

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Ovissipour, Reza. Nanobubbles as an Emerging Sanitation Technology. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Cooperative Extension, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21061/fst-383np.

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Tillett, Will, and Oliver Jones. Improving Rural Sanitation in Challenging Contexts. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.020.

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Of the two billion people worldwide lacking access to at least basic sanitation, seven out of ten live in rural areas. Progress has been made on increasing rural sanitation and access levels are rising, but barriers remain in reaching the ‘last mile’ or some 10 to 20 per cent of the population who live in the most challenging contexts. The factors affecting the ability of households to construct and use toilets, as well as the challenges sanitation programmes face in reaching specific groups, are highly diverse. Applying one-size fits all approaches has been proven not to work; therefore, we need more nuanced, adapted, and targeted approaches to capture the universality element of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and ensure that no one is left behind. However, we recognise that challenges can be persistent and there are limited documented examples of how to overcome these challenges at scale. The Sanitation Learning Hub, UNICEF, and WaterAid commissioned this study to map rural sanitation approaches in challenging contexts and the guidance currently being used, drawing out emerging experiences and lessons. It involved key informant interviews (KIIs) with 44 interviewees, and consulting over 180 documented resources. This Learning Brief provides an overview of the study findings.
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Machado, Fabiana, and Giselle Vesga. Water and Sanitation Sector: A Colombian Overview. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000284.

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Elledge, Myles, and Marcella McClatchey. India, urban sanitation, and the toilet challenge. Research Triangle Park, NC: RTI Press, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2013.rb.0006.1309.

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