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Journal articles on the topic 'Sanitation Marketing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Rosenboom, Jan Willem, Cordell Jacks, Kov Phyrum, Michael Roberts, and Tamara Baker. "Sanitation marketing in Cambodia." Waterlines 30, no. 1 (January 2011): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.2011.003.

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Kasulo, Victor, Rochelle Holm, Mavuto Tembo, Wales Singini, and Joshua Mchenga. "Enhancing sustainable sanitation through capacity building and rural sanitation marketing in Malawi." Environment, Development and Sustainability 22, no. 1 (June 9, 2018): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-018-0191-2.

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3

Cole, Ben, John Pinfold, Goen Ho, and Martin Anda. "Investigating the dynamic interactions between supply and demand for rural sanitation, Malawi." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 266–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2012.014.

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Formative market research is the first step in developing evidence-based sanitation marketing programs. In Malawi, the design, implementation and evaluation of rural sanitation marketing programs has been limited. This study applied a mixed methodological approach to examine the dynamic interactions between the supply and demand of sanitation in three rural districts. The supply assessment identified an extremely limited range of latrine options. Sanitation suppliers reported very low household demand for their existing latrine options. An additional constraint reported by suppliers was householders' perception of a hardware subsidy for latrine construction. The demand assessment found a key constraint of constructing an unlined pit latrine was their short time-in-use (11–13 months). Householders expressed despondency at having to consistently rebuild collapsed, unlined pit latrines. For brick-lined latrines, a key barrier was affordability combined with an over-estimation of construction costs. Key motivations to construct brick-lined latrines included product attributes and social drivers. Wide variations in access to income and use of micro-finance organizations were recorded within and across the study sites. Formative market research is an iterative process from which new lines of investigation arise. This study provides information that will provide a foundation for the ongoing research, design, implementation and monitoring of rural sanitation marketing programs in Malawi.
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Dickey, Mary Kathryn, Robert John, Helene Carabin, and Xiao-Nong Zhou. "Program Evaluation of a Sanitation Marketing Campaign Among the Bai in China." Social Marketing Quarterly 21, no. 1 (February 4, 2015): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500415569548.

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This social marketing campaign among the Bai ethnic minority group in Eryuan County, Yunnan, China, documents a community-based intervention to increase household toilet building and use in an effort to reduce cysticercosis. The formative research for the development of the social marketing campaign included the use of door-to-door surveys, a rural participatory assessment tool called the “ten-seed technique,” a baseline human neurocysticercosis study, and focus group discussions. Based on the formative research, a toilet-building campaign was implemented in two intervention villages. The results of this social marketing intervention are contrasted with the results of a traditional “outside-expert” approach conducted by a government agency in the two comparison villages. Although marginally fewer toilets were built in the intervention villages, a post-campaign consumer satisfaction survey revealed that satisfaction with and use of the toilets built using the social marketing approach were much greater. This study is the first to report the use of the social marketing of toilets in China and the first to report the use of the social marketing of household toilets as an intervention to reduce cysticercosis.
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Borja-Vega, Christian. "The effects of the Total Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing programme on gender and ethnic groups in Indonesia." Waterlines 33, no. 1 (January 2014): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.2014.007.

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Cole, Ben, John Pinfold, Goen Ho, and Martin Anda. "Exploring the methodology of participatory design to create appropriate sanitation technologies in rural Malawi." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 4, no. 1 (October 21, 2013): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.166.

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The methodologies of demand-led sanitation programmes (including community-led total sanitation [CLTS] and sanitation marketing) encourage participation of users in the design of appropriate sanitation facilities. There has been limited examination of the application of established methodologies in participatory design in the sanitation sector. This paper describes and reflects upon three case studies that applied established participatory design methodologies to create sanitation technologies in rural Malawi. Participants of the design sessions represented two groups: (i) researcher–designers (government staff); and (ii) users (local builders and householders). The methodology created a space to develop a common language between the two groups and allowed an exploration of tensions about the use of sanitation hardware subsidies. The design sessions created a number of innovations including corbelling structures, trapezium shaped bricks and reinforcement of wooden frame structures with sandbags. The paper critically reflects on the processes of participatory design in relation to power, ownership and continued participation.
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Mariwah, Simon, Joshua Amo-Adjei, and Prisca Anima. "What has poverty got to do with it? Analysis of household access to improved sanitation in Ghana." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 7, no. 1 (February 4, 2017): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2017.101.

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This paper investigates antecedents to demand for household sanitation in Ghana. We employed a sequential, mixed-method approach, relying on the 2011 Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) and primary qualitative data generated from individual and group interviews. The aim was to ascertain the role of household assets (measured by household wealth) in access to improved sanitation in Ghana. The study found that although wealth positively influenced household ownership of improved sanitation, the effect is strongly noticed only at the pinnacle of wealth quintiles (the richest households). From the qualitative data, we find that, beyond poverty, a mix of cultural, social, political and economic nuances influenced and somehow perpetuate low access to improved sanitation in Ghanaian households. We therefore surmise that means targeting of the poor and application of social marketing of sanitation in both rural and urban areas can help trigger awareness and demand for improved sanitation in Ghana.
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Preko, Alexander Kofi. "Analysis of Social Cognitive Model in the Context of Green Marketing: A Study of the Ghanaian Environment." Business Perspectives and Research 5, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2278533716671631.

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Environmental degradation is the concern of governments, organizations, and consumers all over the world as each party has a role to play. The aim of this article was to test and explain the triadic interactions of the consumer behavior, personal factor, and environmental factors which constitute the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) model. The study also identified the variables that mostly influence green behavior of consumers of sachet drinking water. In total, a quantitative approach and multistage research designs were utilized to gather 1,589 valid questionnaires from consumers at Labadi Pleasure Beach, Ghana. Findings revealed that personal factors positively relate to green behavior that influences environmental degradation conforming to the SCT model. The study recommended the provision of litterbins, enactment of beach sanitation rules and regulations, introduction of sanitation beach guards and collaboration of the beach authourities, producers of sachet water, and regulating bodies in carrying out regular sanitation exercises.
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Barrington, D. J., S. Sridharan, K. F. Shields, S. G. Saunders, R. T. Souter, and J. Bartram. "Sanitation marketing: A systematic review and theoretical critique using the capability approach." Social Science & Medicine 194 (December 2017): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.10.021.

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Park, Shelley M. "From Sanitation to Liberation?: The Modern and Postmodern Marketing of Menstrual Products." Journal of Popular Culture 30, no. 2 (September 1996): 149–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3840.1996.00149.x.

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Fry, Dionna, Dejene Mideksa, Argaw Ambelu, Yeshewahareg Feyisa, Bekele Abaire, Katherine Cunliffe, and Matthew C. Freeman. "Adoption and sustained use of the arborloo in rural Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 5, no. 3 (June 10, 2015): 412–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2015.149.

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In rural Ethiopia, only 19% of the population has access to improved sanitation, which has no doubt contributed to high levels of diarrhea, trachoma, and helminth infection. Low-cost sanitation options are needed in Ethiopia, but few studies have assessed their effectiveness and sustainability. The composting arborloo is one such option. Catholic Relief Services (CRS) has promoted the arborloo since 2004. Eighty thousand Ethiopian households have constructed arborloos with their assistance. We assessed the arborloo's adoption and sustainability in 20 communities that received arborloo promotion. We surveyed 690 households and conducted 24 key informant and 33 in-depth interviews. Over two-thirds [462 (67.0%)] of surveyed households constructed an arborloo; 352 (76.2%) sustained use and 65 (14.1%) moved to a more permanent latrine. There is a clear role for the arborloo in rural Ethiopia to increase the rate of sanitation adoption, sustainability, and movement up the sanitation ladder. We found no evidence that sustainability differed by arborloo age or socio-economic status. Sustainability was most strongly associated with use of the arborloo pit for planting and a cement slab. Slab subsidy discontinuation after 2012 may negatively impact sustainability. However, CRS sanitation marketing could increase slab access, maintain sustainability rates, and decrease reliance on programing for sanitation solutions.
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Mara, Duncan. "The elimination of open defecation and its adverse health effects: a moral imperative for governments and development professionals." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 7, no. 1 (February 4, 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2017.027.

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In 2015 there were 965 million people in the world forced to practise open defecation (OD). The adverse health effects of OD are many: acute effects include infectious intestinal diseases, including diarrheal diseases which are exacerbated by poor water supplies, sanitation and hygiene; adverse pregnancy outcomes; and life-threatening violence against women and girls. Chronic effects include soil-transmitted helminthiases, increased anaemia, giardiasis, environmental enteropathy and small-intestine bacterial overgrowth, and stunting and long-term impaired cognition. If OD elimination by 2030 is to be accelerated, then a clear understanding is needed of what prevents and what drives the transition from OD to using a latrine. Sanitation marketing, behaviour change communication, and ‘enhanced’ community-led total sanitation (‘CLTS + ’), supplemented by ‘nudging’, are the three most likely joint strategies to enable communities, both rural and periurban, to become completely OD-free and remain so. It will be a major Sanitation Challenge to achieve the elimination of OD by 2030, but helping the poorest currently plagued by OD and its serious adverse health effects should be our principal task as we seek to achieve the sanitation target of the Sustainable Development Goals – indeed it is a moral imperative for all governments and development professionals.
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13

Devine, Jacqueline, and Christine Sijbesma. "Sustainability of rural sanitation marketing in Vietnam: Findings from a new case study." Waterlines 30, no. 1 (January 2011): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.2011.005.

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14

Evans, W. D., S. K. Pattanayak, S. Young, J. Buszin, S. Rai, and Jasmine Wallace Bihm. "Social marketing of water and sanitation products: A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature." Social Science & Medicine 110 (June 2014): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.03.011.

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15

van DYK, BRIGITTE N., WILLEKE de BRUIN, ERIKA M. du PLESSIS, and LISE KORSTEN. "Microbiological Food Safety Status of Commercially Produced Tomatoes from Production to Marketing." Journal of Food Protection 79, no. 3 (March 1, 2016): 392–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-300.

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ABSTRACT Tomatoes have been implicated in various microbial disease outbreaks and are considered a potential vehicle for foodborne pathogens. Traceback studies mostly implicate contamination during production and/or processing. The microbiological quality of commercially produced tomatoes was thus investigated from the farm to market, focusing on the impact of contaminated irrigation and washing water, facility sanitation, and personal hygiene. A total of 905 samples were collected from three large-scale commercial farms from 2012 through 2014. The farms differed in water sources used (surface versus well) and production methods (open field versus tunnel). Levels of total coliforms and Escherichia coli and prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium were determined. Dominant coliforms were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. No pathogens or E. coli were detected on any of the tomatoes tested throughout the study despite the high levels of coliforms (4.2 to 6.2 log CFU/g) present on the tomatoes at the market. The dominant species associated with tomatoes belonged to the genera Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Citrobacter. Water used on the farm for irrigation considered not fit for purpose according to national agricultural irrigation standards, with high E. coli levels resulting from either a highly contaminated source water (river water at 3.19 log most probable number [MPN]/100 ml) or improper storage of source water (stored well water at 1.72 log MPN/100 ml). Salmonella Typhimurium was detected on two occasions on a contact surface in the processing facility of the first farm in 2012. Contact surface coliform counts were 2.9 to 4.8 log CFU/cm2. Risk areas identified in this study were water used for irrigation and poor sanitation practices in the processing facility. Implementation of effective food safety management systems in the fresh produce industry is of the utmost importance to ensure product safety for consumers.
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16

Datsii, О., N. Datsii, O. Zborovska, O. Aleinikova, and O. Krasovska. "MARKETING RESEARCH OF THE STATE POLICY IN THE FIELD OF SANITATION OF THE SETTLEMENT TERRITORY." Financial and credit activity: problems of theory and practice 2, no. 37 (April 30, 2021): 510–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v2i37.230679.

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Abstract. The purpose of the paper is to study the basis of state policy in the field of sanitation of the territory of the settlement, especially under decentralization of management. The survey is based on the analysis of the development of the legal framework of Ukraine, CIS countries and European countries on household waste management, and study of statistical information on the current stage of waste management with further identification of the current problems which Ukraine faces in this field, and providing practical recommendations taking into account the decentralization process which is currently taking place and as well as foreign experience. It is found that the need for separate collection of household waste has become essential in the field of environmental protection. However, due to inadequate system of solid household waste management in settlements, usually in the private sector, 26.9 thousand unauthorized landfills are detected annually. The solution to this problem is to cultivate the culture of the population and raise their motivation to sort waste. Besides, one of the reasons for such a phenomenon is the absence of a legal mechanism of utilization of waste in the rural area. It has been established that in order to increase the efficiency of administrative management of social development on the corresponding territory the decentralization of management has been chosen as priority. It has resulted in the possibility of the community’s cooperation which has a number of advantages for settlements improvement, in particular for sanitation of the territories. In order to solve the problem of reducing the unauthorized landfills in the private sector of the rural area the implementation of measures aimed at development of the culture of the population and raising their motivation to sort waste has been proposed. In order to increase the motivation of taxpayers for the rational management of waste, it is proposed to apply tax incentives, in particular, income tax and value added tax for companies that: carry out operations to supply equipment intended for use in the manufacture of waste products; promote investment in the manufacture of containers, garbage trucks and the construction of waste sorting plants. Keywords: marketing research, sanitary clearing of the territory, settlements, domestic waste, improvement of settlements. JEL Classification M31, R11 Formulas: 0; fig.: 1; table: 2; bibl.: 23.
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Dickey, Mary Kathryn, Robert John, Helene Carabin, and Xiao-Nong Zhou. "Focus group discussions among the Bai in China to inform a social marketing campaign for sanitation promotion." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 6, no. 1 (February 6, 2016): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2016.064.

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Local cultural norms, values, beliefs, and practices related to toilet use must be understood before planning household toilet promotion initiatives. Focus group discussions may be used to gain this understanding. This paper (1) reports the methods and results of focus group research used in southwest China among the Bai people group to inform a sanitation marketing campaign; (2) reports the advantages and challenges of a multi-cultural research team in focus group research; and (3) evaluates the usefulness of focus group discussions to inform the campaign.
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18

Yusuf, Ah, Rizki Fitryasari, Esti Yunitasari, and Rr Dian Tristiana. "TRAINING SANITATION HYGIENE SKILLS AND PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT OF "JAHE SEHAT" BEVERAGE IN AL HIDAYAH SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS, MOJOKERTO." Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Dalam Kesehatan 3, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jpmk.v3i1.23139.

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Most home and micro-scale industries have poor business management. Good management is able to produce the desired result or good in the business being run. The partner in this community service activity is students of Al Hidayah Senior High School in Mojokerto, who has a business in making ginger drinks “Jahe Sehat”. This training aimed to increase partner’s knowledge and skill about sanitation hygiene and production management. The manufacturing process starts from the preparation of raw materials, namely ginger, extraction, cooking, sieving, packaging and labeling to marketing. It was found that healthy ginger producers still do not understand the importance of hygiene and sanitation in the production process, unattractive packaging designs and no good financial cash planning system. The community service team conducts training and outreach to solve the partner's problems. By carrying out this service activity, partners increase partner’ skills and knowledge and the healthy ginger product "jahe sehat al-hidayah" has an attractive packaging.
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Tsinda, Aime, Jonathan Chenoweth, and Pamela Abbott. "Strengthening interlinked marketing exchange systems to improve water and sanitation in informal settlements of Kigali, Rwanda." International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development 12, no. 3 (February 13, 2020): 300–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19463138.2020.1727909.

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20

Cole, B., J. DeGabriele, G. Ho, and M. Anda. "Exploring the utility of diffusion theory to evaluate social marketing approaches to improve urban sanitation in Malawi." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 5, no. 2 (December 19, 2014): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2014.202.

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This study examines diffusion theory as an explanatory framework for the adoption of an ecological toilet by ‘first-moving’ customers in an urban setting in Malawi. The study was conducted during the early stages of a social marketing programme. A pragmatic paradigm was applied to address three research questions using mixed methods. The qualitative investigation formed the primary component of the study and interviewed 14 customers who were selected to receive micro-finance loans to purchase the ecological toilet. These 14 customers were labelled ‘first movers’. The study identified that ‘first movers’ only partially displayed characteristics of ‘innovators’ and the product met three of five characteristics associated with successful rates of diffusion. Improving the trialability and simplicity of the product, through field-testing, human-centred or participatory design approaches could improve the likelihood of the product attaining the characteristics that support successful diffusion. Organisations that apply social marketing approaches to improve urban sanitation coverage may improve their efficacy, equity and cost-effectiveness by utilising diffusion theory as the theoretical framework to design, implement and evaluate their programmes.
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POST, ALISON E. "The Political Economy of Water and Sanitation - Edited by Matthias Krause." Governance 23, no. 2 (April 2010): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2010.01483_2.x.

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22

Rochmawati, Rochmawati, Waspodo Waspodo, Helman Fachri, Selviana Selviana, and Linda Suwarni. "Appropriate technology for processing of plantation products for the mekar association of the bugis transmigrant tribe in Pal Village IX." Community Empowerment 6, no. 5 (April 23, 2021): 721–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/ce.4613.

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Pal IX village has a potential plantation, namely banana. The products of this plantation are utilized by the Mekar Women's Association (Parwa), which consists of transmigrant women from the Bugis tribe who process bananas into dodol, chips, and kapok bread. The problem faced is that the processing of products is still manual (traditional), so that the products produced are limited. In addition, product marketing still relies on existing orders and has not paid attention to the food sanitation hygiene produced. The introduction of appropriate technology is needed to overcome this problem. Implementation of activities using the method of education and mentoring and carried out for 4 months. The results of the activity showed an increase in the group's knowledge and skills in applying appropriate technology, and changes in online-based marketing strategies.
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Alam, MM, MM Haque, and FH Shikha. "Studies on public health and hygiene condition of retailers at fish markets in south-central Bangladesh." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 12, no. 2 (July 12, 2016): 411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i2.28702.

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Bangladesh is a fish producing country from the ancient history due to its deltaic nature agro-ecologically. Accordingly fish marketing systems developed in traditional systems sincelong. This study was conducted in two retail fish markets located in Rajbari and Barisal Sadar Upazila in the south central region of Bangladesh focusing public health and hygiene condition of retailers. The questionnaire interview with 30 retailers and participatory rural appraisal (PRA) tools were used to get the information from the retailers and other value chain stakeholders. About 13% of the retailers had no education, however 60% had primary level and 27% had secondary level of education. Although many of them were literate, their knowledge and practice about public health, hygiene and sanitation was found to be very poor. Due to lack of knowledge on public health, they were found to be infected by various contagious diseases such as common cold (cough, coryza etc.), diarrhoea, lesion (lesion on hands, between fingers, on the tip of the fingers, between toes, on the nail and tip of the toes etc.) and skin disease. About 57% of them were affected with lesion on hands, while 33, 23, 7, 13 and 10% were affected with lesion between fingers, between toes, on the tip fingers, on the nail and tip of toes and skin disease on legs, respectively.Fish markets operated by them were ill-managed, unhygienic and unscientific. So, the hygiene and sanitation system of retail fish markets were very poor and unhealthy. Market should have adequate water supply, toilets and other sanitation facilities. Due to poor infrastructural facilities in harvest and post-harvest, landing, handling, preservation, distribution, marketing and quality assurance, the fish retailers suffered from serious health problems. Good personal hygiene management is therefore essential for the safe handling and preparation of fish and fisheries products. To ensure this, quick and proper action should be needed by the government, particularly by the local government and rural development (LGRD) authorities.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(2): 411-418, December 2014
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Leong, Jerrold K., and Murat Hancer. "International Foodservice and Sanitation Management Curricula to Enhance Student Skills." Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management 19, no. 2 (January 12, 2010): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19368620903455260.

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Rahman, Md Mosaddequr, Md Akhtar Hossain, Dr Fatematuzzhura, Shuraya Tasnoova, Ferdous Ahamed, Md Yeamin Hossain, and Jun Ohtomi. "Fresh Fish Marketing Status in the Northwestern Bangladesh: Recommendations for Sustainable Management." Our Nature 10, no. 1 (March 13, 2013): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7773.

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The present study was conducted in six fish markets of Rajshahi city during July 2011 to June 2012. The main objectives of this study was to investigate the marketing channel, marketing cost, marketing margin and the problems associated with fresh fish marketing in Rajshahi city in order to provide recommendations for better fish marketing system. Primary data were collected from 50 fish traders and 150 consumers through previously prepared questionnaires and the secondary source of information consist of published materials such as journals, textbooks, newspaper etc. The results of this study revealed 10 fish marketing channels in fresh fish marketing. The highest and lowest average fish price were recorded as USD 5.99/kg and USD 1.89/kg for cat fish and snake heads respectively. Average marketing cost was found as 6.27% of the final retail price. The market margins for all intermediaries varied from 23.37% for cat fish to 48.57% for prawn species with an average of 40.75%. In contrast, producers’ or fishermen’s share ranged from 51.43% for prawn species to 76.63% for cat fish with an average of 59.25%. The major problems associated with the fish marketing were- presence of long fish marketing channels, involvement of unnecessary middlemen, inadequate and unplanned infrastructural development, rough and unhygienic method of handling, improper and insufficient use of ice, contamination and lack of knowledge on quality aspects among fish traders, insufficient hygienic auction and retail spaces, absence of cold storage facility, inadequate drainage facilities and lack of modern weighing system. Introducing government fish shops, planned infrastructural development of fish markets, introduction of wholesaling and retailing facilities, provision for government and private funding assistance for fish traders, hygienic conditions of landing centers and markets, training and extension works in marketing and management of relevant market research, formation of fishermen or fish producers’ cooperative society, sufficient auction and retail places, improved sanitation and drainage system, digital weighing system, government run fish transportation system with proper storage facilities are recommended for more efficient fresh fish marketing system in Rajshahi city.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7773
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Rohmatin Shofuro Setiyono, Refri Fitria. "Correlation of Smoked Fish Physical Quality and Facilities of Hygiene Activity and Sanitation with the Existence of Escherichia coli Bacteria in Smoked Fish." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 11, no. 4 (October 31, 2019): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v11i4.2019.276-285.

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Fish smoking industry is one of way of fish preservation so that fresh fish have long saving period and always in a good condition. The treatment of smoked fish that is still simple and not processed properly cause the occurence of bacteria in smoked fish product. Escherichia coli bacteria, if exists in food will cause society health problem. This research is to identify the relationship of smoked fish physical quality and facilities of hygiene activity and sanitation with the existence of Escherichia coli bacteria in smoked fish products. This research is analytical that used cross-sectional research period. The sampling technique used simple random sampling. The independent variables studied are smoked fish physical quality and facilities of hygiene and sanitation, while the dependent variable is the existence of Escherichia coli bacteria in smoked fish products. The primary data was processed through observation and questionnaire sheets. The measurement of Escherichia coli bacteria used Escherichia coli qualitative test at Health Laboratory Center Surabaya City. Based on fisher’s exact test dand phi correlation coefficient, The smoked fish physical quality have (p=0,003, Q=-0,644) and facilties of hygiene activity and sanitation have (p=0,001, Q=-0,730) has a tight relationship to the emergence of Escherichia coli bacteria in smoked fish products.. The recomended that smoked fish traders and village officials to discuss on the relocation plan of the smoked home industry in permanent buildings and the handler should always maintain the cleanliness of product environment roast fresh fish until it is fully cooked and focus to the ways of marketing smoked fish.
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Jenkins, Marion W., and Beth Scott. "Behavioral indicators of household decision-making and demand for sanitation and potential gains from social marketing in Ghana." Social Science & Medicine 64, no. 12 (June 2007): 2427–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.03.010.

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Flowra, F. A., A. H. M. K. Bashar, S. N. Jahan, M. A. Samad, and M. M. Islam. "Fish Marketing System and Socio Economic Status of Aratdars in Natore and Rajshahi, Bangladesh." Our Nature 10, no. 1 (March 13, 2013): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7749.

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An investigation was carried out during the period from December 2007 to November 2008 to find out the fish marketing system and socio economic status of aratdars at Singra (Natore), Baneshwar and Puthia (Rajshahi). Four types of fishes were observed where maximum fishes (70%) were come from the local area and rest (30%) was come from outside of Bangladesh. Four types of marketing channel were identified and the commission agents usually earn about 3-4% commissions from the farmers. The highest landing was 388143.75 kg/yr (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in Shingra) whereas the lowest landing was 701.75 kg/yr (Xenentodon cancila in Baneshwar). Price varied from 20.38±4.58 (Chanda ranga in Baneshwar) to 190.17±27.33 Tk/kg (Clarias batrachus in Baneshwar). The average marketing cost and marketing margin varied from 91 to 128 Tk/day and 17.75 to 28.25 Tk/kg in Baneshwar. Majority (53.76% in Puthia to 74.99% in Baneshwar) aratdars were found to class I-X. Major secondary occupation of the aratdars was fish farming (50% in Puthia to 75% in Baneshwar). Most of the aratdars (75% in Baneshwar and Shingra to 83% in Puthia) were found to earn Tk 100-500 per day. Infrastructure of wholesale and retail fish markets were not adequate with regarding to sales area, packaging, sanitation, water supply, drainage, cleaning, washing, maintenance and repairs except very few.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7749
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Gurney, Nikolos, and George Loewenstein. "Filling in the Blanks: What Restaurant Patrons Assume About Missing Sanitation Inspection Grades." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 39, no. 3 (December 9, 2019): 266–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0743915619875419.

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How do people respond when decision-relevant information is withheld by sellers? The authors address this general question by examining how prospective diners respond when sanitation inspection grades (SIGs) are not reported by a restaurant. Despite disclosure mandates in some municipalities, SIGs are not always available when dining choices are made, especially when food is ordered for delivery. After documenting participants’ failure to discount appropriately for a missing SIG, the authors demonstrate, through a series of follow-up studies, the robustness of the phenomenon in the face of interventions designed to increase the salience of the missing information. The authors find evidence of increased discounting, however, in a study designed to draw attention to the missing information via a side-by-side comparison of restaurants that did and did not provide SIGs.
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Khanal, V., R. Bhandari, and R. Karkee. "Non Medical Interventions for Childhood Diarrhoea Control:Way Forward in Nepal." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 11, no. 3 (May 3, 2015): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v11i3.12517.

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Background Diarrhoeal diseases remain a major cause of mortality of children aged under-five years in the developing countries including Nepal. The transmission of diarrhoea mostly caused by biological agents and is facilitated by the behavioural, social and environmental factors. More recently, the concept of prevention altering these factors is getting momentum. Objective To recommend the most effective non medical intervention that can prevent and control childhood diarrhoeal disease in Nepal. Methods Litrature review was conducted to analyse the successful interventions in developing countries. Peer review articles were accessed from “Science direct”, “Google Scholar”, and “Pubmed”. Interventions focussing on social and environmental determinants of diarrhoea were included. Results Four interventions (with primary focus in social and environmental determinants of diarrhoeal disease) were purposively selected, summarized and discussed. Saniya programme (Burkina Faso 1995 to 1998) is considered successful in modifying the risk behaviours. Intensive hand washing programme (Pakistan 2002 to 2003), a cluster randomized controlled trail, was not sustainable as the results did not last long once the free supply of soap was stopped. School Led Total Sanitation (Nepal 2006) is a participatory, community centred program whose focus is on local ownership. This program approach is effective and feasible for scaling up in Nepal. Global Public Private Partnership for Hand washing with Soap (Ghana 2002) was based on the marketing researches and hence yielded effective results. Conclusion Combination of School Led Total Sanitation and Global Public Private Partnership for hand washing with soap suits Nepal. These interventions focus on creating demand, changing behaviour and thereby, improving the sanitation status. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v11i3.12517 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2013; 43(3):256-261
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Addo-Yobo, F. N., and C. Njiru. "Role of consumer behaviour studies in improving water supply delivery to the urban poor." Water Policy 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2006.0008.

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A recent report by WHO and UNICEF on the state of water and sanitation provision across the globe paints a gloomy picture of the situation in developing countries. Of great concern is the plight of the urban poor whose numbers are increasing rapidly across the developing world. Currently, a more market-like approach is being promoted as the way forward in the water sector. This approach is seen as an effective way of being demand responsive and hence a useful way of providing a sustainable water supply service for all groups of consumers. The authors advocate that a prerequisite for effectively using a marketing approach is a good understanding of the behaviour of the target consumers, that is, knowing what consumers think, feel, do and the things and places that influence and are influenced by what they think, feel and do. Consumer behaviour studies have widespread application in the marketing of goods and services and the application of some of these concepts could be useful in improving water services delivery. Better understanding of consumer behaviour could help in developing strategies for successfully marketing water as both a social and an economic good, thus enhancing the sustainability of water supply services.
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Pandey, Engel, and Jenki Pongoh. "Peningkatan Mutu dan Pendapatan Pengolah Ikan Cakalang Asap di Desa Pontoh, Kecamatan Wori, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara." MEDIA TEKNOLOGI HASIL PERIKANAN 8, no. 1 (October 24, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/mthp.8.1.2020.26056.

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A low level of sanitation and hygiene applied by smoked fish processors in North Sulawesi can affect the quality and safety of the product itself. Interestingly, there is a huge market demand of smoked fish product in North Sulawesi. That is why it is necessary to improve quality of smoked fish product by assisting the smoked fish processors. The program's target partners are located in Pontoh Village, Wori District, North Minahasa Regency which is geographically located on the coast Pontoh Village is categorized as a fishing community, which is about 50% classified as poor families and has a small business group of processing smoked fish. The aim of this program is to increase production, marketing and finance for small entrepreneurs in Pontoh Village, Wori District, North Minahasa Regency so they can be skilled and economically independent. The specific target of this activity is to produce smoked fish products that are superior in terms of taste and shelf life while providing business continuity and strong management. The method of implementation that will be applied to this program are 1) Training on how to produced smoked-fish product using good manufacturing practices 2) Assiting about sanitation and hygiene in every step of producing smoked fish; 3) Advising on management
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Frempong, Joseph, Junwu Chai, and Enock Ampaw. "Effects of Waste Management Customer Online Value Co-Creation on Sanitation Attitude and Advocacy: A Customer-Enterprise Dyadic Perspective." Sustainability 10, no. 7 (July 20, 2018): 2557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10072557.

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The study aims at establishing the benefits of actively utilizing the intangible resources of solid waste management customers in designing and implementing solid waste collection services, using the social media platforms. While Ghana generates high volumes of solid waste on a daily basis, less than half of it is effectively collected and disposed of. This calls for the adoption of innovative strategies to better connect and serve customers. Adopting a marketing approach to solid waste management has not been given much needed attention in Ghana and Africa, and this research sought to contribute in that direction. There is high usage of mobile telephony services in Ghana which a waste firm can explore to change negative attitude to waste disposal by the populace. Online co-creation is seen as a modern marketing approach leading to behavioral change in consumers. In this regard, the study looked at customer online co-creation in the solid waste collection sector in Ghana. The study adopted the survey strategy using structured questionnaire as the measure instrument, and data analyzed using both the structural equation model (SEM) and hierarchical multiple regression. The key findings are that customer intangible resources (online experience and skills) can be tapped by waste firms to co-create services that would generate positive attitude towards sanitation issues and the willingness to advocate the services and programs of the firm. Similarly, waste firms must invest in well-functioning and information rich digital platforms, and to devise innovative strategies to direct traffic to these platforms for effective customer participation.
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Thoyib, Ellys, and R. Y. Effendi. "EFEKTIVITAS STRATEGI PEMASARAN SOSIAL INTERNAL DAN EKSTERNAL RENCANA PEMBANGUNAN PROGRAM PLPBK DI KELURAHAN SUNGAI LAIS KECAMATAN KALIDONI KOTAMADYA PALEMBANG." Jemasi: Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen dan Akuntansi 13, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35449/jemasi.v13i1.3.

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Community-Based Settlement Neighborhood Setup (PLPBK) is a development programinitiated and mobilized at village/rural level in village/regency areas. This program is aNational Program, initiated by the Kementerian PUPR of through the Dirjen CiptaKarya to move the development in accordance with the needs and characteristics of thevillage / rural. Sungai Lais Village is one of 4 villages in Palembang that got thisprogram. Activity begun in 2014 begins with social mapping to determine the most slumsor priority areas, then will be built into a well-organized area of sanitation, drainage,clean water, open space and green open spaces and roads and bridges that areconnected to every area in the village. Planning Expert Team to compile developmentplan with investment value ± 7 billion, while direct aid fund (BLM PLPBK) equal to 1billion. To cover the lack of investment, Marketing Experts and citizens engage ininternal and external marketing strategy activities. Internal marketing strategy is a seriesof activities to provide understanding to the citizens about the importance of settlementarrangements well so that social and economic activities of society for the better. Citizenparticipation is not only energy and development ideas but also willingness to grant theirland affected by the development plan. Internal marketing strategy is effective enough toinfluence the citizens, because there is willingness of citizens who grant the land eventhough not all of them. An external marketing strategy is an effort to influencestakeholders' willingness to intervene in development plans that have not been financedby BLM PLPBK funds. The result of City Government through Bappeda of PalembangCity gives commitment to intervene development plan with funding scheme of RAPBDyear 2018 until 2019
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Thoyib, Ellys, and R. Y. Effendi. "EFEKTIVITAS STRATEGI PEMASARAN SOSIAL INTERNAL DAN EKSTERNAL RENCANA PEMBANGUNAN PROGRAM PLPBK DI KELURAHAN SUNGAI LAIS KECAMATAN KALIDONI KOTAMADYA PALEMBANG." Jemasi: Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen dan Akuntansi 13, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35449/jemasi.v13i1.44.

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Community-Based Settlement Neighborhood Setup (PLPBK) is a development programinitiated and mobilized at village/rural level in village/regency areas. This program is aNational Program, initiated by the Kementerian PUPR of through the Dirjen CiptaKarya to move the development in accordance with the needs and characteristics of thevillage / rural. Sungai Lais Village is one of 4 villages in Palembang that got thisprogram. Activity begun in 2014 begins with social mapping to determine the most slumsor priority areas, then will be built into a well-organized area of sanitation, drainage,clean water, open space and green open spaces and roads and bridges that areconnected to every area in the village. Planning Expert Team to compile developmentplan with investment value ± 7 billion, while direct aid fund (BLM PLPBK) equal to 1billion. To cover the lack of investment, Marketing Experts and citizens engage ininternal and external marketing strategy activities. Internal marketing strategy is a seriesof activities to provide understanding to the citizens about the importance of settlementarrangements well so that social and economic activities of society for the better. Citizenparticipation is not only energy and development ideas but also willingness to grant theirland affected by the development plan. Internal marketing strategy is effective enough toinfluence the citizens, because there is willingness of citizens who grant the land eventhough not all of them. An external marketing strategy is an effort to influencestakeholders' willingness to intervene in development plans that have not been financedby BLM PLPBK funds. The result of City Government through Bappeda of PalembangCity gives commitment to intervene development plan with funding scheme of RAPBDyear 2018 until 2019.
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Shuvo, Suvasish Das. "Assessing food safety and associated food hygiene and sanitary practices in food industries." Nutrition & Food Science 48, no. 1 (February 12, 2018): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-03-2017-0049.

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Purpose The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of food handlers about food hygiene and sanitation in biscuit industry of central marketing company in Jessore, Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach A self-administered, structured questionnaire was designed and data were collected during the period of April to July 2016 from 110 food handlers using simple random sampling. Findings The results show that the food handlers had excellent knowledge, attitude and good practices toward food hygiene and sanitation and food contamination related to food safety. The mean score (standard deviation) of knowledge, attitudes and practices were 20.1 (3.9), 18.6 (3.1) and 16.7 (3.3), respectively (p < 0.007). There was significant correlation between food safety training and knowledge, knowledge and attitude or knowledge and practices (p < 0.001). The majority (90.9 per cent) of the respondents stated that they intended to make sure that the prepared food was safe for consumers, which was significant (p < 0.007). Almost all of the food workers were aware of the critical role of general sanitary practices in the work place. The study suggests that the knowledge, attitude and practice level of food handlers were satisfactory. Originality/value Continuous education and training should be organized to strengthen food handlers’ knowledge in areas which seem to be deficient.
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Barrington, D. J., S. Sridharan, S. G. Saunders, R. T. Souter, J. Bartram, K. F. Shields, S. Meo, A. Kearton, and R. K. Hughes. "Improving community health through marketing exchanges: A participatory action research study on water, sanitation, and hygiene in three Melanesian countries." Social Science & Medicine 171 (December 2016): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.11.003.

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ACHIWA, Nobuo, and Tomoyuki NISHIO. "The Use of Electrolyzed Water for Sanitation Control of Eggshells and GP Center." Food Science and Technology Research 9, no. 1 (2003): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/fstr.9.100.

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Paul, Parimal Chadra, Md Shaheed Reza, Md Nazrul Islam, and Md Kamal. "A review on dried fish processing and marketing in the coastal region of Bangladesh." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 5, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v5i3.39587.

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Sun drying of fish is an important method of fish preservation throughout the world. Due to its availability and product specific flavor and texture, dried fish has become an important part in the diet of people living particularly in the coastal region of many Asian countries including Bangladesh. Product type is considerably wide depending on the season, availability of fish, infrastructure and technical know-how of the processors. These are mainly processed from marine fishes that are caught by the artisanal fishermen and marketed throughout the country by multistep marketing channel up to reaching to the consumer. Due to the importance of the product in terms of market volume as well as its major role in the socio-economic condition of millions of people of the country, the sector needs proper attention by appropriate authorities to ensure quality and safety of the product produced and marketed. In this paper, different methods of sun drying practiced traditionally in the coastal region of Bangladesh and associated marketing systems are reviewed. It is expected that training of processors on Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures and monitoring by appropriate government body would be necessary to improve quality and simultaneously ensure safety of sun-dried fish produced in the coastal region of Bangladesh. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.5(3): 381-390, December 2018
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Uddin, Sayed Mohammad Nazim, Zifu Li, Heinz-Peter Mang, Elisabeth-Maria Huba, and Jean Lapegue. "A strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis on integrating safe water supply and sustainable sanitation systems." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 4, no. 3 (June 17, 2014): 437–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.240.

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This paper applies a ‘comprehensive’ strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis to compare the ‘before and after’ scenarios of integrating a safe water supply (SWS) into a sustainable sanitation system (SSS) in the peri-urban Ger areas of Ulaanbaatar. Qualitative field investigations, including interviews and focus group discussions, are conducted with stakeholders and key informants to collect data on the scenarios before the SSS and to develop a conceptual framework after the SSS implementation. The before-implementation scenario has one strength, that is, the interest of communities and NGOs toward the SWS–SSS integration, which facilitates the acceptance and up-scaling of sustainable technologies. The after-implementation scenario shows additional strengths, such as community acceptance and satisfaction with SSS. The identified weaknesses are attributed to the lack of community-based organizations, community participation, and inter-sector coordination. The marketing of SSS, the involvement of banks and micro-credit systems, and the reuse of treated greywater have been identified as opportunities. The before-implementation scenario identifies the use of pit latrines and the lack of political will as the primary threats, whereas the after-implementation scenario identifies technology innovations for the extreme cold as a primary threat. The application of the SWS–SSS integration in other cases must be investigated further.
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Khaliq, Mahmooda, Silvia Sommariva, Adaline M. Buerck, Rinah Rakotondrazaka, Lova Rakotoarisoa, Luke John Paul Barrett, and James R. Mihelcic. "Midstream Players Determine Population-Level Behavior Change: Social Marketing Research to Increase Demand for Lead-Free Components in Pitcher Pumps in Madagascar." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 8, 2021): 7297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147297.

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Lead (Pb) exposure through water contamination is an important issue at the intersection of public health and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). Behavior-change programs designed to address this pressing problem rarely take a behavioral-science-informed approach, nor do they consider the role of intermediate players who often influence and support behavior change. Social marketing segments the population and focuses on the consumer/user throughout program development and implementation. To illustrate the social marketing process, this cross-sectional, qualitative design study investigates the use of Pb in the construction and maintenance of household pitcher pumps for potable water in Madagascar. A sample of 18 technicians were interviewed on their current practices, motivators, barriers, and communication channels for knowledge exchange. The results reveal the importance of peers, those considered experts or “market mavens”, and the need for information on the dangers of Pb as an outdated practice for any future intervention. This study advances the notion of a design shift within engineering WASH projects, whereby social/behavioral approaches are used to consider the needs, concerns, and current behaviors of the consumer. We also advocate for engaging intermediate players who often influence behavior change in the rollout of an engineering innovation.
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Hammons, Susan R., Andrea J. Etter, Jingjin Wang, Tongyu Wu, Thomas Ford, Michael T. Howard, and Haley F. Oliver. "Evaluation of Third-Party Deep Cleaning as a Listeria monocytogenes Control Strategy in Retail Delis." Journal of Food Protection 80, no. 11 (October 20, 2017): 1913–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-113.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to develop and assess the efficacy of an aggressive deep cleaning sanitation standard operating procedure (DC-SSOP) in nine retail delicatessens to reduce persistent Listeria monocytogenes environmental contamination. The DC-SSOP was developed from combined daily SSOPs recommended by the Food Marketing Institute and input from experts in Listeria control from food manufacturing and sanitation. The DC-SSOP was executed by a trained professional cleaning service during a single 12-h shutdown period. A modified protocol from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual was used to detect L. monocytogenes in samples from 28 food and nonfood contact surfaces that were collected immediately before and after each cleaning and in samples collected monthly for 3 months. The DC-SSOP significantly reduced L. monocytogenes prevalence overall during the 3-month follow-up period and produced variable results for persistent L. monocytogenes isolates. Six delis with historically low to moderate L. monocytogenes prevalence had no significant changes in the number of samples positive for L. monocytogenes after deep cleaning. Deep cleaning in very high prevalence delis (20 to 30% prevalence) reduced L. monocytogenes by 25.6% (Padj &lt; 0.0001, n = 294) overall during the follow-up period. Among delis with extremely high prevalence (&gt;30%), positive samples from nonfood contact surfaces were reduced by 19.6% (Padj = 0.0002, n = 294) during the follow-up period. The inability of deep cleaning to completely eliminate persistent L. monocytogenes was likely due to the diverse infrastructures in each deli, which may require more individualized intervention strategies.
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Keukama, Matheus Frynardo, I. Gusti Agung Ayu Ambarawati, and I. Nyoman Gede Ustriyana. "Strategic Management of Cocoa Marketing in The Plea Puli Multipurpose Cooperative in East Nusa Tenggara." JURNAL MANAJEMEN AGRIBISNIS (Journal Of Agribusiness Management) 8, no. 1 (June 9, 2020): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jma.2020.v08.i01.p07.

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Cacao plays an important role in the Indonesian economy. One of the business entities engaged in cocoa commodity business activities is the Plea Puli Multipurpose Cooperative (KSU). The low number of cocoa purchases at the KSU Plea Puli is caused by various factors. One of them is competition with other cocoa buyers. Related to efforts to increase cocoa marketing, it is necessary to first know about the cocoa supply chain to the KSU Plea Puli. The purpose of this study is to analyze the cocoa supply chain to the KSU Plea Puli and strategies that can be implemented in increasing cocoa marketing. The study was conducted at KSU Plea Puli in East Nusa Tenggara. The main research instrument is a questionnaire. The determination of respondents to determine the cocoa supply chain to the KSU Plea Puli was conducted on member farmers using the Slovin formula and non-member farmers using quota sampling techniques. The number of respondents in this study were 60 people. The determination of informants to find out the cocoa supply chain to the KSU Plea Puli and the informants determining internal and external strategic factors was done purposively. The results showed that in the cocoa supply chain to the KSU Plea Puli, there were three types of flows managed, namely material, financial and information flows. The parties involved consisted of member farmers and not members and the KSU Plea Puli themselves. In addition, there are various activities carried out such as cocoa production and marketing by farmers and cocoa marketing operations by KSU Plea Puli. The results also show that 12 alternative strategies are possible to support efforts to increase cocoa marketing by increasing the number of purchases. Strategy priority based on the highest-ranking with a score of 5.75 that is giving special authority to managers to carry out cocoa marketing operations. The management is expected to be able to implement the results of the strategic management of cocoa marketing in the KSU Plea Puli with the priority of the strategy being to give special authority to the manager to carry out cocoa marketing operations. The existence of the Commodity Product Processing and Marketing Unit (UPPH) at the KSU Plea Puli needs to be maintained and developed. Farmers are expected to adopt good agricultural practices by implementing PsPSP which consists of frequent harvesting, pruning, sanitation, fertilization and soil, and plant health and pest and disease control. In addition, farmers are also encouraged to always maintain the quality of cocoa beans. Keywords: strategic management, supply chain, cocoa
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Mak, Anthony K., and Karen Leewing. "Environmental public health and the need for branding and name recognition." Environmental Health Review 57, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5864/d2014-031.

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Environmental public health (EPH) is a modern public health discipline that shares a common lineage with sanitation inspection, public health inspection, and environmental health; however, its transformation, internal identity, and external image are not clearly understood, defined, or depicted. The authors describe the discipline as a fusion of science, art, and services with three conceptual underpinnings: (i) it is more than inspections and regulatory enforcement; (ii) it is an integrated management system; and (iii) it is about community partnership and engagement. The premise of this article is that EPH organizations must unite to advance the new identity and image so as to strategically position the discipline for the future. Social marketing strategies such as public health branding can increase visibility, recognition, trust, and community support. We propose a synthesized definition that aims at clarifying and highlighting the discipline's science-based and community partnership approach.
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Oldfield, Kenneth. "The Social Aspects of Hand Washing in American Restaurants: An Administrative Approach to Reducing Public and Private Health Care Costs." Administration & Society 49, no. 5 (April 3, 2016): 753–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399716638121.

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Proper hand sanitation prevents spreading of many types of illness and infection, thereby lowering the quantitative and qualitative costs of public and private health care. Research shows that thinking or knowing someone is watching you wash your hands in a public lavatory appreciably improves the odds of you doing so. Nevertheless, most restaurants place their hand washing facilities inside the bathroom, beyond public view. Reformers from the public and private sectors should work cooperatively to incentivize restaurant owners voluntarily to place their hand washing facilities in public spaces. If this uncompelled approach proves unsuccessful, reformers should seek to impose laws requiring that all public eateries place their bathroom washbasins in conspicuous locations. The discussion closes by suggesting ancillary improvements to test in pursuit of further improving hand washing rates and practices in public spaces.
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Hutabarat, Nauas Domu Marihot Romauli, Himsar Ambarita, and Karina Nola Sinamo. "Utilization of Technology in Donuts Business." Journal of Saintech Transfer 2, no. 2 (April 28, 2020): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jst.v2i2.3692.

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One of the purpose of community service activities is to help partner to find solutions for the problems on running their businesses. Partner was found lack of knowledge for the basic principles of food safety, which the daily donuts production’s tools are very simple and with conditions that are not safe on food processing, not familiar with online marketing and the lack of utilization of the remaining egg whites from the donuts production. The methods that used in this activity are an approach to partner, designing and making equipment to assist the production process such as proofing cabinet and deep fryer machine, providing knowledge about how importance of hygiene and sanitation of tools in producing food, training of baking egg white-based sponge cake and training of making instagram. With those activities, it expected to grow the understanding and knowledge of partner so they can compete with other businesses running in the same field.
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Zhou, Zhong Ren. "Sustainable Development of The “Four-in-One” Model in Rural Areas of Northern China: A Village Case Study." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 4771–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.4771.

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Based on an investigation of a typical village in northern China, we found that the “Four-in-One” ecological model for homes (sunlight greenhouse, pig house, toilet, and biogas digester) achieved benefits with regard to economy, society, energy use, and a cleaner environment once it was established. However, problems still impede the sustainable expansion of the model. The main problems are a relative lag in the management of biogas digesters, challenges in the production and distribution of farm products, home layout and piggery sanitation, competition for labor between agricultural production and outside work, and problems with land resources, investment and credit expenses, and infrastructure. In the end, some countermeasures are proposed, namely, perfecting the technical service system, strengthening farm training and improving agricultural production skills, establishing a stable distribution channel for marketing farm products and a suitable agriculture management model, selecting appropriate households for the Four-in-One model, and so on.
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Setiadi, Agus, Siswanto Imam Santoso, Suryani Nurfadillah, Kadhung Prayoga, and Enggar Prasetyo. "Production and Marketing System of Kampong Chicken in Batang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia." Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 35, no. 2 (September 20, 2020): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v35i2.40907.

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<p><span lang="EN-US">Kampong</span><span lang="EN-US"> chicken is an indigenous chicken that gains popularity among consumers</span><span lang="IN"> and</span><span lang="IN">it has good </span><span lang="EN-US">potentials</span><span lang="EN-US">as a livestock commodity</span><span lang="IN">. But, the problem is </span><span lang="EN-US">most kampong chicken were kept in free range system without any standard of the rearing procedure and time. The farmer</span><span lang="IN">s</span><span lang="EN-US"> will</span><span lang="IN"> sell their chickens</span><span lang="EN-US"> by market’s requests</span><span lang="IN">. </span><span lang="EN-US">T</span><span lang="EN-US">h</span><span lang="IN">e</span><span lang="EN-US"> study aims to determine the agribusiness production and marketing</span><span lang="IN"> sub-system</span><span lang="EN-US"> of </span><span lang="IN">kampong</span><span lang="EN-US"> chickens. A hundred </span><span lang="IN">kampong</span><span lang="EN-US"> chicken farmer</span><span lang="IN">s </span><span lang="EN-US">from 9 sub-districts in Batang</span><span lang="IN"> Regency</span><span lang="EN-US"> were interviewed.</span><span lang="IN"> Respondents were chosen by simple random sampling.</span><span lang="EN-US"> Each f</span><span lang="IN">armer</span><span lang="EN-US"> owned 4-120 kampong chickens with average </span><span lang="IN">number</span><span lang="EN-US"> of </span><span lang="IN">6</span><span lang="EN-US">.76 </span><span lang="IN">heads </span><span lang="EN-US">per farm. The </span><span lang="IN">poultry</span><span lang="EN-US"> production sub-system consisted of six constituent variables, namely administration/bookkeeping, location, maintenance technology, maintenance system, business continuity and sanitation. Each constituent variable produced score of 1.44; 1.75; 1.68; 2.77; 1.55 and 2.03 respectively with the average value of 1.87. These results indicated that the applications of agribusiness</span><span lang="IN"> production</span><span lang="EN-US"> sub-systems were in the </span><span lang="IN">moderate</span><span lang="EN-US"> category. The assessment of the marketing sub-system application included five variables namely marketing scale, marketing objectives, marketing technology, market information and pricing with the following scores 1.52, 1.76, 1.41, 1.85 and 1.18 respectively; or have an average value of 1.54. </span><span lang="IN">This result</span><span lang="EN-US"> show</span><span lang="IN">ed</span><span lang="EN-US"> that the marketing sub-system has </span><span lang="IN">a </span><span lang="EN-US">moderate c</span><span lang="IN">ategory</span><span lang="EN-US">. </span><span lang="IN">Improving the production system </span><span lang="EN-US">which consisted of</span><span lang="IN"> the bookkeeping record, increase the number of rearing</span><span lang="EN-US"> scale</span><span lang="IN"> and sanitation process would improve farm productivity. Increasing marketing systems such as the application of electronic marketing would improve market efficiency. </span><span lang="EN-US">The results show</span><span lang="IN">ed</span><span lang="EN-US"> that the improvement of production and marketing agribusiness sub</span><span lang="IN">-</span><span lang="EN-US">systems </span><span lang="IN">are </span><span lang="EN-US">needed in order to increase farmers’ </span><span lang="IN">income</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span></p>
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49

Ndukvu, M. C., and S. I. Manuwa. "Impact of evaporative cooling preservation on the shelf life of fruits and vegetable in South Western Nigeria." Research in Agricultural Engineering 61, No. 3 (June 2, 2016): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/54/2013-rae.

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Maintaining the freshness of vegetables and fruits even for a short period in a tropical environment is difficult. Fresh fruits and vegetables usually deteriorate faster than other products because they increase in respiration while in storage, due to high moisture content and high tropical heat which lead to a number of physical and physiological changes affecting the viability, quality and marketability of the produce. The use of evaporative cooling system showed improvement in the shelf life of fruits and vegetables stored. The stored vegetables in the cooler showed higher moisture and vitamin C content while the withered control has higher ash, protein, fibre and carbohydrate content. However, the fruits stored in the cooler had lower vitamin C and higher moisture than the control which showed good quality and crispiness while the control deteriorated at the same period. The results suggest that the integration of evaporative cooling system with good sanitation along the marketing channel from the harvest point until the consumption point will help to attain high quality level of freshness for some period.
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50

Imron, Muhammad Syahril, and Yudha Nurdian. "Digitalisasi pemasaran keripik tempe dalam menghadapi persaingan dagang selama pandemi Covid-19." Transformasi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 17, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/transformasi.v17i1.3129.

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[Bahasa]: Indonesia saat ini mengalami kondisi krisis atau bencana yang disebabkan oleh Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) yang menyebar luas hingga ke daerah Jember. Berbagai kebijakan untuk mencegah penyebaran covid-19 justru berimplikasi buruk terhadap beberapa sektor lain khususnya pada sektor ekonomi. Dampak ini jelas juga dirasakan oleh pelaku usaha keripik tempe yang berada di kelurahan Sumbersari, seperti tingkat penjualan menurun dan metode pemasaran yang masih terbatas secara langsung (luring). Adanya program Kuliah Kerja Nyata Back to Village (KKN-BTV) Universitas Jember bertujuan untuk mendampingi pelaku usaha “TEMPE GO” di kelurahan Sumbersari. Lebih spesifik, tujuan dari adanya kegiatan ini adalah memberikan edukasi dan pelatihan tentang proses produksi yang baik dan benar, pemasaran suatu produk secara digital, dan pembuatan beberapa platform digital. Metode yang digunakan pada kegiatan KKN BTV ini adalah Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRS) yang memungkinkan keterlibatan masyarakat dalam melaksanakan berbagai kegiatan, mulai dari observasi, pemberian sosialisasi tentang protokol kesehatan, sanitasi kerja dan proses produksi, pendampingan proses produksi, pendampingan pembuatan desain logo dan kemasan, pembuatan akun media sosial hingga promosi dan pemasaran produk. Upaya yang telah dilakukan untuk mewujudkan digitalisasi pemasaran “TEMPE GO” terwujud dengan terbentuknya akun instagram, whatsapp, tokopedia dan shopee sebagai media pemasaran digital. Masyarakat didorong untuk terus mengelola secara baik capaian kegiatan yang telah dilakukan demi terciptanya usaha yang berkelanjutan. Kata Kunci: Covid-19, keripik tempe, pemasaran, digital [English]: Indonesia is currently experiencing a crisis caused by Covid-19 which has spread widely to Jember area, especially Sumbersari village. Various policies as an effort to prevent the spread have had bad implications for several other sectors, particularly in the economic sector. This impact is also clearly felt by people who have tempe chip business in Sumbersari village, such as declining sales levels and limited direct marketing methods (offline). The existence of the Back to Village Community Service Program at the University of Jember aims to assist "TEMPE GO" entrepreneurs in Sumbersari Village. More specifically, the purpose of this activity is to provide education and training on proper and correct production processes, digital marketing of a product, and the creation of several digital platforms. The method used in the program is Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRS), which allows community involvement in carrying out various activities, starting from observation, providing outreach on health protocols, work sanitation and production processes, production process mentorship, assistance in making logo and packaging designs, creating social media accounts to product promotion and marketing. The efforts made to realize the digitalization of Tempe Go marketing are the creation of Instagram, WhatsApp, Tokopedia and Shopee accounts as digital marketing media. The local people is encouraged to properly manage the achievements of the program in order to create a sustainable business. Keywords: Covid-19, tempe chips, marketing, digital
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