To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: SANParks.
Journal articles on the topic 'SANParks'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 27 journal articles for your research on the topic 'SANParks.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Ackers, Barry. "Accounting for rhinos – the case of South African National Parks (SANParks)." Social Responsibility Journal 15, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 186–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-10-2017-0198.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Biodiversity is required to sustain life on earth, but the rampant growth in the illegal wildlife trade has created a global conservation challenge, where the African continent is one of the primary casualties. This paper aims to explore how South African National Parks (SANParks) (as the custodian of the largest population of rhinos in the wild) accounts to its stakeholders about how it has discharged its biodiversity mandate relating to rhino preservation. Design/methodology/approach The paper seeks to determine whether the increase in rhino-poaching over the period from 2006 to 2015 is reflected by a concomitant increase in related disclosures in SANParks’ annual reports. It adopts a mixed-methods research approach using both descriptive and inferential statistics, as well as a qualitative analysis of pertinent narrative disclosures describing how SANParks accounts to its stakeholders on the discharge of the rhino-related component of its biodiversity mandate. Findings The study finds that SANParks uses its publicly available annual reports to disclose how it has discharged the rhino-related component of its biodiversity mandate. In this regard, it identified a strong positive correlation between incidents of rhino-poaching and annual report disclosures in the period up to 2010. Initially, SANParks disclosed its rhino-poaching-related performance through impression management to bolster its legitimacy, but later focused its reporting on its rhino conservation efforts. Originality/value Although the subject of rhino-poaching has been extensively researched, this one of the first papers to explore the phenomenon from a governance and accountability perspective of a state-owned entity (\ SANParks) under the mantle of extinction accounting.
2
Kruger, M., M. Saayman, and E. Slabbert. "Managing visitors’ dining and retail experiences in South African national parks." South African Journal of Business Management 46, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v46i2.90.
Full textAbstract:
In the light of the issue of declining government funding of South African National Parks (SANParks), as well as the negative influence of the poor service levels in shops, restaurants and eating facilities in these parks on visitor spending, SANParks needs to improve the retail and dining experiences at these facilities. This research attempts to provide guidelines for SANParks management in addressing these issues, by determining visitors’ retail and dining preferences and the relationship between these constructs. Quantitative research was conducted in 2011 using a web-based survey on the SANParks’ official website for two months (1st October – 30th November). This method resulted in obtaining 5 464 usable responses for the study. Factor analyses identified three relevant dining experience factors: Quality, Variety and value and Nature ambience and four retail experience factors: Goods and services, Pricing (consisting of two separate constructs: Expensive shops and Pay more inside Park) and Quality. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this was the first time that research was conducted with regard to addressing visitors’ retail and dining preferences at any South African national park, thereby contributing significantly to literature regarding visitor experiences in a nature-based context.
3
Douglas, Anneli. "A customer-focused approach to distribution: The case of SANparks." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 19, no. 3 (August 31, 2016): 413–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v19i3.1267.
Full textAbstract:
While the importance of distribution has been recognised in tourism literature, the research has been approached mainly from the perspective of supply, with very little attention given to the customer. To date, there has been even less focus on the distribution channel requirements of the National Park customers. The purpose of this study is to examine how the various distribution channels used by South African National Parks (SANParks) go towards satisfying the customers’ distribution channel requirements and identifying whether there is any relationship between certain variables, such as gender or the frequency of channel use, and the level of satisfaction that customers experience with the various channels. Web-based and paper-based questionnaires are distributed to the customers who have used the SANParks distribution channels before. The results show that, although the SANParks website is the most frequently used channel for making a booking, it is not necessarily the channel with which customers are most satisfied; in fact, they are more satisfied with the satellite walk-in reservation offices and satellite call centres. While the majority of the research studies in the context of tourism distribution channels have shown the importance and popularity of electronic distribution channels among customers, this paper cautions SANParks not to assume the distribution channel requirements of their customers and urges them to continually assess their distribution strategies and to become more customer-focused in their approach.
4
Ferreira, Sanette L. A., and Gesina W. Van Zyl. "Catering for large numbers of tourists: the McDonaldization of casual dining in Kruger National Park." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 33, no. 33 (September 1, 2016): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bog-2016-0023.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Since 2002 Kruger National Park (KNP) has subjected to a commercialisation strategy. Regarding income generation, SANParks (1) sees KNP as the goose that lays the golden eggs. As part of SANParks’ commercialisation strategy and in response to providing services that are efficient, predictable and calculable for a large number of tourists, SANParks has allowed well-known branded restaurants to be established in certain rest camps in KNP. This innovation has raised a range of different concerns and opinions among the public. This paper investigates the what and the where of casual dining experiences in KNP; describes how the catering services have evolved over the last 70 years; and evaluates current visitor perceptions of the introduction of franchised restaurants in the park. The main research instrument was a questionnaire survey. Survey findings confirmed that restaurant managers, park managers and visitors recognise franchised restaurants as positive contributors to the unique KNP experience. Park managers appraised the franchised restaurants as mechanisms for funding conservation.
5
Saayman, Melville, Juan Carlos Martín, and Concepción Román. "There is no fuzziness when it comes to measuring service quality in national parks." Tourism Economics 22, no. 6 (December 2016): 1207–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816616669036.
Full textAbstract:
Nature-based tourism is the leitmotiv for South African National Parks (SANParks) and Kruger National Park is an icon within the system. The mission and vision of SANParks have evolved from pure conservationism to a more recreation- and customer-oriented agent. The aim of this article is to address the issue of service quality (SQ) provided to satisfy the visitors’ needs, demands and expectations. A questionnaire with eight different dimensions and 31 SQ attributes is used to evaluate the SQ for the period April 2012 to March 2013. A method based on a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making model is applied to dynamically evaluate the SQ in the park. Our results suggest that the SQ differs depending on which time of the year the park is visited, opening an important venue to park managers about whether a price discrimination policy could moderate this observed effect.
6
Scholtz, Marco, Melville Saayman, and Martinette Kruger. "The influence of the economic recession on visitors to the Kruger National Park." Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2012): 247–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v5i1.316.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to identify the determinants of demand of visitors for the Kruger National Park (KNP) during a recession. From 355 questionnaires, the results revealed the following determinants that influenced visitors’ demand for the Park: behavioural determinants as well as socio-demographic determinants. The results indicated that visitors to the KNP found that visiting the Park is a great way of getting away from their busy lifestyles (Gauteng Province), while visitors from Mpumalanga indicated that many of them considered visiting other tourism attractions. It was also found that visitors adapted their spending behaviour at the Park in order to afford a visit. This was the first time that the influence of determinants of tourism demand during a recession was determined. This information is important for SANParks, because it provides management with valuable insights into what strategic planning should be conducted in the event of a future recession. It was also found that the demand for visiting the KNP was not greatly influenced by the recession, because visitors could adapt their spending behaviour at the KNP. Furthermore, the study shows that visiting natural areas may have become a primary need or part of a lifestyle, especially during the 2008/2009 recessionary period.
7
Timm, Cari Rejane Fiss, Márcia Wulff Schuch, Zeni Fonseca Pinto Tomaz, Doralice Lobato de Oliveira Fischer, and Newton Alex Mayer. "Rooting of herbaceous minicuttings of diff erent cultivars of peach rootstocks under the eff ect of IBA." Agronomy Science and Biotechnology 1, no. 2 (November 24, 2017): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33158/asb.2015v1i2p83.
Full textAbstract:
The use of sexually propagated rootstocks is a major problem for peach crops in Brazil due to lack of plant homogeneity, which aff ects orchard production and longevity. To tackle the heterogeneity problem, clonal propagation is a promising alternative for the production of quality seedlings. There are few rootstocks options available in Brazil for stone fruit, and research work in this area is relatively recent. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the technical feasibility of the propagation of some peach cultivars such as Capdeboscq, Aldrighi, Nemared, Nemaguard and Flordaguard, through herbaceous minicuttings. In addition, diff erent concentrations of IBA (0, 1.000, 2.000 and 3.000mg L-1) were tested. The minicuttings were immersed in a solution for fi ve seconds and, then, placed in a SANPACK® hinged clear plastic package for food, with 10x13x20cmof height, width and length, respectively, containing medium vermiculite. The experiment was conducted with four replications of 20 minicuttings, and kept in a greenhouse. At day 60, the rooting percentage, number and average length of the three longest roots, number and length of the longest rooting, and number and length of the longest shoot were evaluated. After the rooting period, the greatest rooting percentage for Capdeboscq cultivar was observed, with 74 %, using IBA concentrations of 2.000 and 3.000mgL-1.
8
Rodrigues, Daniele, Adriane Marinho De Assis, Roberta Marins Nogueira Peil, and Marcia Wullf Schuch. "RESÍDUOS AGRÍCOLAS PARA ACLIMATIZAÇÃO DE Oncidium Baueri Lindl." Revista Científica Rural 20, no. 2 (September 21, 2018): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30945/rcr-v20i2.288.
Full textAbstract:
Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar substratos a base de resíduos agrícolas para a aclimatização da orquídea Oncidium baueri (Orchidaceae). As plantas provenientes da micropropagação foram transplantadas em embalagens plásticas articuladas (Sanpack® ), contendo os seguintes substratos (tratamentos): S- 10Beifort® ; casca de arroz carbonizada; fibra de coco; e as misturas na proporção 1/1 (v/v): S-10Beifort® + casca de arroz carbonizada; S-10Beifort® + fibra de coco; e na proporção 1/1/1: S-10Beifort® + casca de arroz carbonizada + fibra de coco. As plantas foram mantidas em estufa com temperatura controlada (25±2ºC) e, após quatro meses da instalação do experimento, foram avaliadas as variáveis: porcentagem de sobrevivência, altura da parte aérea, número de folhas, número de brotos, número de raízes e comprimento da maior raiz. Foram realizadas as determinações do pH, condutividade elétrica e capacidade de retenção de água dos substratos. Não foram constatadas diferenças estatísticas em relação aos substratos para todas as variáveis avaliadas, sendo a porcentagem média de sobrevivência de 30%. Embora não obtendo diferença significativa para todas as variáveis, em virtude da facilidade de preparo e da disponibilidade para a região sul do Brasil, considera-se, que o substrato S-10Beifort® pode ser indicado para a aclimatização de Oncidium baueri, nas condições do presente trabalho. Palavras chave: orquídea, substrato, pH, condutividade elétrica, capacidade de retenção de água.
9
Biggs, Duan, Louise Swemmer, Glen Phillips, Joep Stevens, Stefanie Freitag, and Rina Grant. "The development of a tourism research framework by South African National Parks to inform management." Koedoe 56, no. 2 (June 24, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v56i2.1164.
Full textAbstract:
Tourism is critical source of financing for conservation in Africa. South African National Parks (SANParks) raises in excess of 80% of their own funds through tourism revenue. SANParks has a culture of co-learning between scientists and conservation managers through a process known as strategic adaptive management (SAM). Despite the critical role that tourism plays in SANParks, it has, until recently, not been formally incorporated in the SAM process. Moreover, SANParks recently adopted a new responsible tourism policy to guide the development and management of tourism across all national parks. The new policy calls for tourism that supports biodiversity conservation, is environmentally efficient and socially responsible. In 2011, SANParks initiated a tourism research programme to support the incorporation of tourism in SAM and to provide enabling information for the implementation of the responsible tourism policy. This article summarised the development of the tourism research programme in SANParks and its key research themes. Conservation implications: An active tourism research programme that integrates science and management is necessary for tourism to play a stronger role in delivering outcomes for conservation, neighbouring communities and broader society.
10
Ferreira, Sam M., Charlene Bissett, Carly R. Cowell, Angela Gaylard, Cathy Greaver, Jessica Hayes, Markus Hofmeyr, Lizette Moolman-van der Vyver, and David Zimmermann. "The status of rhinoceroses in South African National Parks." Koedoe 59, no. 1 (October 31, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v59i1.1392.
Full textAbstract:
African rhinoceroses (rhinos) experienced a poaching onslaught since 2008 with the epicentre in South Africa where most of the world’s rhinos occur. South African national parks, under the management of South African National Parks (SANParks), are custodian to 49% of South Africa’s white and 31% of the country’s black rhinos. We collated information on rhino population sizes in seven national parks from 2011 to 2015. We include and report on rhino surveys in Kruger National Park during 2014 and 2015. Southwestern black rhinos increased over the study period, which allows SANParks to achieve its contribution to South Africa’s 2020 target of 260 individuals. South-central black rhinos declined over the study period because of poaching in the Kruger National Park, making it difficult for SANParks to realise a 9% increase per annum for its expected contribution to the South African target of 2800 individuals. For southern white rhinos, SANParks requires 5% annual growth for its contribution to the South African target of 20 400 individuals. To continue to evaluate the achievement of these targets, SANParks needs annual population estimates relying on total counts, mark-recapture techniques and block-based sample counts to track trends in rhino populations. SANParks’ primary challenge in achieving its contribution to South Africa’s rhino conservation targets is associated with curbing poaching in Kruger National Park.Conservation implications: The status and trends of rhino species in SANParks highlight key challenges associated with achieving the national targets of South Africa. Conservation managers will need to improve the protection of southern white rhino, while the Department of Environmental Affairs need to be made aware of the challenges specifically associated with not achieving targets for south-central black rhino. Outcomes for south-western black rhino have already realised and the good conservation efforts should continue.
11
Foxcroft, Llewellyn C., Nicola J. Van Wilgen, Johan A. Baard, and Nicholas S. Cole. "Biological invasions in South African National Parks." Bothalia 47, no. 2 (March 31, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v47i2.2158.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: A core objective in South African National Parks (SANParks) is biodiversity conservation and the maintenance of functional ecosystems, which is compromised by alien species invasions. The 2016 Alien and Invasive Species Regulations of the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (NEM:BA) requires landowners to develop management plans for alien and invasive species, as well as report on the status and efficacy of control. Method: To compile the species list, we started with the 2011 SANParks alien species list. Name changes were updated and SANParks ecologists and park managers contacted to verify the species lists and add new records. Species reported by external experts were added in the same manner. The management programme costs and species controlled per park per year were extracted from SANParks’ Working for Water programme database. Results: SANParks has listed 869 alien and extra-limital species, including 752 plants and 117 animals, increasing from 781 alien species in 2011. About R 590 million has been spent by the Working for Water/Biodiversity Social Programmes since 2000/2001. Of the species recorded, 263 are listed by NEM:BA, including 12 Category 1a species, 184 Category 1b species, 28 Category 2 species and 39 Category 3 species. Conclusion: While large clearing programmes have been maintained since at least 1998, improving prioritisation is necessary. We provide a short synopsis of (1) what alien species are present in SANParks, (2) the species and parks that management has focused on, (3) the implications of the NEM:BA Invasive Alien Species Regulations and (4) future developments in monitoring.
12
Ferreira, Sam, Andrew Deacon, Hendrik Sithole, Hugo Bezuidenhout, Mahlomola Daemane, and Marna Herbst. "From numbers to ecosystems and biodiversity: A mechanistic approach to monitoring." Koedoe 53, no. 2 (May 13, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v53i2.998.
Full textAbstract:
Diverse political, cultural and biological needs epitomise the contrasting demands impacting on the mandate of the South African National Parks (SANParks) to maintain biological diversity. Systems-based approaches and strategic adaptive management (learn by doing) enable SANParks to accommodate these demands. However, such a management strategy creates new information needs, which require an appropriate analytical approach. We use conceptual links between objectives, indicators, mechanisms and modulators to identify key concerns in the context of and related to management objectives. Although our suggested monitoring designs are based mostly on defined or predicted underlying mechanisms of a concern, SANParks requires inventory monitoring to evaluate its key mandate. We therefore propose a predictive inventory approach based on species assemblages related to habitat preferences. Inventories alone may not always adequately serve unpacking of mechanisms: in some cases population size needs to be estimated to meet the information needs of management strategies, but actual population sizes may indirectly affect how the species impact on other values. In addition, ecosystem objectives require multivariate assessments of key communities, which can be used in trend analysis. SANParks therefore needs to know how to detect and define trends efficiently, which, in turn, requires precision of measures of variables. Conservation implications: Current research needs with regard to monitoring should focus on defining designs to yield optimal precision whilst taking methodology, survey trade-offs and analytical approaches into account. Use of these directives and research will guide monitoring during evaluation of SANParks objectives at various scales.
13
Holness, Stephen D., and Harry C. Biggs. "Systematic conservation planning and adaptive management." Koedoe 53, no. 2 (May 13, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v53i2.1029.
Full textAbstract:
This article argues that systematic conservation planning (SCP) is an intrinsic part of the adaptive management approach within SANParks and should not be seen as a separate or different initiative. SCP operates within a complex environment that requires a deliberately adaptive approach. The similarities in philosophy, structure and functional elements of the planning process and approach between adaptive management and SCP, as applied within SANParks, are highlighted. The article distils requirements for ensuring that SCP remains strategically adaptive in its approach.Conservation implication: A deliberately adaptive approach to SCP improves its effectiveness in guiding the implementation of conservation actions and is a requirement for effective conservation planning in a complex environment.
14
Vermeulen, Wessel, Nicola Van Wilgen, Kyle Smith, Mbulelo Dopolo, Louise Swemmer, Wendy Annecke, Hugo Bezuidenhout, et al. "Monitoring consumptive resource use in South African national parks." Koedoe 61, no. 1 (January 30, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v61i1.1516.
Full textAbstract:
Monitoring is an essential component of measuring the performance of protected areas. This requirement led to the development of a biodiversity monitoring system for South African National Parks (SANParks). The system comprises of ten major programmes, each focusing on a core area of conservation biodiversity monitoring, with resource use being one of the focal areas. With the growing appreciation of the importance of natural resources for the socio-economic well-being of communities and other stakeholders, sustainable resource use is an important component of the management of natural areas and national parks. To gauge sustainability, a sound monitoring and research programme that fits within the context of the SANParks’ adaptive management approach towards social-ecological system management is required. The purpose of this article was to define the context and scope in which consumptive resource use takes place within SANParks and to outline the criteria necessary for developing a sound monitoring programme to assess the sustainability of such use. The monitoring programme is structured in view of the fact that sustainable resource use is achievable only where all dimensions of sustainability (social, economic and ecological) are considered simultaneously. In terms of the social and economic dimensions of sustainability, the programme provides for assessing stakeholder needs, trends in resource use and the social and economic impacts of resource use. Monitoring that relates to the ecological dimension of sustainability of biological resource use deals with the rate of turnover and population dynamics of target species, as well as harvest impact. In terms of abiotic (non-renewable) resources, monitoring deals with sound management practices to minimise impact on the environment, and to optimise benefits through responsible use.Conservation implications: The resource use monitoring programme is intended to ensure that monitoring relating to the harvesting of natural resources from national parks is scientifically sound and conducted in a structured way, towards meeting the objective of sustainable use and compliance with national legislation. The article illustrates how SANParks meets its obligation to monitor biodiversity conservation while at the same time meeting the needs for the consumptive use of resources.
15
McGeoch, Melodie A., Mbulelo Dopolo, Peter Novellie, Howard Hendriks, Stefanie Freitag, Sam Ferreira, Rina Grant, et al. "A strategic framework for biodiversity monitoring in South African National Parks." Koedoe 53, no. 2 (May 13, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v53i2.991.
Full textAbstract:
Protected areas are under increasing threat from a range of external and internal pressures on biodiversity. With a primary mandate being the conservation of biodiversity, monitoring is an essential component of measuring the performance of protected areas. Here we present a framework for guiding the structure and development of a Biodiversity Monitoring System (BMS) for South African National Parks (SANParks). Monitoring activities in the organisation are currently unevenly distributed across parks, taxa and key concerns: they do not address the full array of biodiversity objectives, and have largely evolved in the absence of a coherent, overarching framework. The requirement for biodiversity monitoring in national parks is clearly specified in national legislation and international policy, as well as by SANParks’ own adaptive management philosophy. Several approaches available for categorising the multitude of monitoring requirements were considered in the development of the BMS, and 10 Biodiversity Monitoring Programmes (BMPs) were selected that provide broad coverage of higher-level biodiversity objectives of parks. A set of principles was adopted to guide the development of BMPs (currently underway), and data management, resource and capacity needs will be considered during their development. It is envisaged that the BMS will provide strategic direction for future investment in this core component of biodiversity conservation and management in SANParks. Conservation implications: Monitoring biodiversity in protected areas is essential to assessing their performance. Here we provide a coordinated framework for biodiversity monitoring in South African National Parks. The proposed biodiversity monitoring system addresses the broad range of park management plan derived biodiversity objectives.
16
Douglas, Anneli. "A customer-focused approach to distribution: the case of SANParks." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 19, no. 3 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2222-3436/2016/v19n3a8.
Full text
17
Gaylard, Angela, and Sam Ferreira. "Advances and challenges in the implementation of strategic adaptive management beyond the Kruger National Park – Making linkages between science and biodiversity management." Koedoe 53, no. 2 (May 13, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v53i2.1005.
Full textAbstract:
South African National Parks (SANParks) makes use of strategic adaptive management (SAM) to achieve its primary mandate of biodiversity conservation. This involves an iterative adaptive planning, management and review cycle to ensure appropriate alignment of stakeholder values with conservation objectives, to address the uncertainty inherent in complex social– economic–ecological systems and to learn explicitly whilst doing so. Adaptive management is recognised as the most logical framework for continuous improvement in natural resource management; nevertheless, several challenges in its implementation remain. This paper outlined these challenges and the various modifications to SANParks’ adaptive planning and management process that have emerged during its development. We demonstrated how the establishment of a regular Science–Management Forum provides opportunities for social colearning amongst resource managers and scientists of a particular park, whilst providing other positive spin-offs that mature the SAM process across the organisation. We discussed the use of particular conceptual constructs that clarify the link between monitoring, management requirements and operational endpoints, providing the context within which Thresholds of Potential Concern (TPCs) should be set, prioritised and measured. The evolution of the TPC concept was also discussed in the context of its use by other organisations, whilst recognising its current limitations within SANParks. Finally, we discussed remaining implementation challenges and uncertainties, and suggested a way forward for SAM.Conservation implications: This paper outlined practical methods of implementing SAM in conservation areas, beyond what has already been learnt within, and documented for, the Kruger National Park. It also highlighted several implementation challenges that prove useful to other conservation agencies planning to adopt this approach to managing complex ecosystems.
18
Coetzee, Hendri, and Werner Nell. "The feasibility of national parks in South Africa endorsing a community development agenda: The case of Mokala National Park and two neighbouring rural communities." Koedoe 61, no. 1 (February 28, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v61i1.1470.
Full textAbstract:
This article explores the feasibility of South African National Parks (SANParks) endorsing a community development agenda, using Mokala National Park (MNP) and two neighbouring rural communities as case study. A three-phase sequential exploratory, mixed-methods approach was followed: an initial exploratory qualitative phase aimed at identifying the development needs of the two communities; a quantitative phase aimed at verifying and quantifying the identified needs; and a final qualitative phase (with a minor quantitative component) to determine what parks can reasonably achieve in terms of community development based on their available resources, capacity and expertise. Qualitative data were collected via semi-structured interviews (Phase 1: n = 22; Phase 3: n = 6), which were thematically analysed. Quantitative data were collected via a structured questionnaire (Phase 2: n = 484; Phase 3: n = 6) and analysed using SPSS 23. Findings revealed that the communities’ most significant needs centred on employment opportunities; improved healthcare, service delivery and waste management; and education. Community members also expressed the need for improved community policing, safety and security; social services; agricultural support and training; general skills development and training; local leadership; recreational facilities; local economic development and conservation initiatives. Results from the third phase of the study suggest that parks such as MNP can realistically only address some of the identified community needs significantly; primarily job creation (via temporary employment), skills development, local economic development, support of local conservation (especially via environmental education) and, to a lesser extent, agricultural support and training and permanent job creation.Conservation implications: The findings could be of practical use to SANParks to steer its community development initiatives towards attaining a more optimal balance between actual community needs and what the organisation can realistically offer, thus rendering SANParks’ efforts more efficient and effective in supporting the establishment of equitable and sustainable rural communities.
19
Scheepers, Kelly, Louise Swemmer, and Wessel J. Vermeulen. "Applying adaptive management in resource use in South African National Parks: A case study approach." Koedoe 53, no. 2 (May 13, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v53i2.999.
Full textAbstract:
South African National Parks (SANParks) has a history of formal and informal natural resource use that is characterised by polarised views on national conservation interests and benefits to communities. Current efforts aim to determine the sustainability of existing resource use in parks and to formalise these activities through the development of resource use protocols. The resource use policy of SANParks outlines principles for sustainable resource use, including greater involvement of local communities in management of protected areas and an adaptive management approach to determining sustainable use levels. This paper examines three case studies on plant use in national parks with regard to the development of criteria and indicators for monitoring resource use, and the role of thresholds of potential concern in measuring effectiveness of managing for sustainable use levels. Opportunities and challenges for resource use management are identified. Findings show that platforms for discussion and knowledge sharing, including research committees and community associations, are critical to building relationships, trust and a shared vision of sustainable resource use between stakeholders. However, additional capacity building is needed to enable local community structures to manage internal social conflicts and jealousy, and to participate fully in monitoring efforts. Long-term monitoring is essential for developing flexible harvest prescriptions for plant use, but this is a time-consuming and resource-intensive exercise. Flexible management strategies are difficult to implement and sometimes command-and-control measures are necessary to protect rare or endangered species. A holistic approach that considers resource use in national parks as a complement to broader community development initiatives offers a way forward.Conservation implications: There is no blueprint for the development of sustainable resource use systems and resource use is often addressed according to multiple approaches in national parks. However, the SANParks resource use policy provides a necessary set of guiding principles for resource use management across the national park system that allows for monitoring progress.
20
Swemmer, Louise K., and Sandra Taljaard. "SANParks, people and adaptive management: Understanding a diverse field of practice during changing times." Koedoe 53, no. 2 (May 13, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v53i2.1017.
Full textAbstract:
Biodiversity conservation is often measurable and achievable and has been reasonably successful within the boundaries of national parks. However, the concept of parks providing tangible benefits and hence being seen as ‘valuable’ to the majority of the nation has been more difficult to define, measure and, importantly, deliver on. This function has traditionally fallen under what is currently known as the People and Conservation Department, which has a rich history in South African National Parks (SANParks) of change and adaptive learning in terms of defining core functions and associated management strategies, spanning from its original inception as the Information Services Department over 80 years ago. Learning from and in some cases, adapting to change, is evident throughout this broad scale national evolution of the department, from an initial focus on information sharing and education in the 1930s, to what we see today. This includes the primary focus areas of cultural resource management and indigenous knowledge, community relations, environmental education, awareness, youth outreach, interpretation and training. At a more local, park scale, there is a current drive to formalise the adaptive management and learning process for the people component of protected areas through the alignment of relevant project, programme and park objectives with those at a corporate or national level. Associated with this is an attempt to further align the associated monitoring, evaluation and reporting processes, thereby completing the formal adaptive management loops in order to facilitate and stimulate co-learning within and between relevant responsible departments within the organisation.Conservation implications: Benefit sharing through biodiversity conservation has been shown to be crucial for the long-term success of protected areas, but the practicalities of implementing this are thwart with challenges. Despite this, SANParks is attempting to facilitate and promote benefits through conservation, specifically in the sense of benefits that support livelihoods whilst reducing vulnerability. With this in mind, we acknowledge the importance of the concepts of scale, resilience, complexity and adaptive learning for, and during, this process.
21
Mathivha, Fhumulani I., Ndivhuwo N. Tshipala, and Zanele Nkuna. "The relationship between drought and tourist arrivals: A case study of Kruger National Park, South Africa." Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies 9, no. 1 (July 27, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v9i1.471.
Full textAbstract:
National parks around the world have been recognised as important sources of nature experiences for both local and international visitors. In South Africa, national parks are similarly important recreational and nature tourism attractions. They offer visitors an unparalleled diversity of tourism opportunities, including game viewing, bush walks and exposure to culture and history. South African National Parks (SANParks), established in 1926, is one of the world’s leading conservation and scientific research bodies and a leading agent in maintaining the country’s indigenous natural environment. The study aims to analyse the correlation between drought and the number of tourist arrivals to the Kruger National Park (KNP). Rainfall data, as well as data on tourist arrivals at KNP for the period from 1963 to 2015 were obtained from the South African Weather Services (SAWS) and SANParks, respectively. Rainfall data were used to determine the drought years at the KNP through computing the Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) for various stations around the park. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used as a statistical measure of the strength of a linear relationship between drought and tourist arrivals. The results showed that KNP experienced both negative and positive tourist arrivals, although the former was the case, tourist arrivals showed an increasing trend. The correlation relationship showed that 19.36% of the drought years corresponded to a negative change in tourist arrivals to the park. The results obtained confirm that the tourism industry is a fragile industry which is prone to environmental, social and economic state of a region.
22
Bester, Stoffel P., Ronell R. Klopper, Hester M. Steyn, and Hugo Bezuidenhout. "New plant records for Tankwa Karoo National Park, South Africa." Koedoe 54, no. 1 (January 18, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v54i1.1066.
Full textAbstract:
The Tankwa Karoo National Park has been enlarged from 27 064 ha to 143 600 ha. This whole area is severely under-collected for plants in general and therefore it was an obvious target for the South African National Parks (SANParks) Programme, a component of the Pretoria National Herbarium (PRE) Plant Collecting Programme. This programme not only aims to survey national parks that have been poorly surveyed, but also inadequately known taxa, unique habitats, remote and inaccessible areas and plant species flowering at irregular times, especially after events such as fire or unusual timing of, or high, rainfall. General collecting in the Tankwa Karoo National Park has already led to the description of two new taxa, from two families. It furthermore resulted in new distribution records for the park and for the Northern Cape Province. These are reported on here.Conservation implications: Although the Tankwa Karoo National Park falls within the Succulent Karoo Biome (a biodiversity hotspot of international importance), information on its plant diversity is insufficient because it is an under-collected area. Results of this study will guide conservation and supply occurrence and distribution data required to compile management plans for the park.
23
Ferreira, Sam M., Cathy Greaver, and Chenay Simms. "Elephant population growth in Kruger National Park, South Africa, under a landscape management approach." Koedoe 59, no. 1 (August 25, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v59i1.1427.
Full textAbstract:
South African National Parks (SANParks) manage landscapes rather than numbers of elephants (Loxodonta africana) to mitigate the effects that elephants may have on biodiversity, tourism and stakeholder conservation values associated with protected areas. This management philosophy imposes spatial variability of critical resources on elephants. Restoration of such ecological processes through less intensive management predicts a reduction in population growth rates from the eras of intensive management. We collated aerial survey data since 1995 and conducted an aerial total count using a helicopter observation platform during 2015. A minimum of 17 086 elephants were resident in the Kruger National Park (KNP) in 2015, growing at 4.2% per annum over the last generation of elephants (i.e. 12 years), compared to 6.5% annual population growth noted during the intensive management era ending in 1994. This may come from responses of elephants to density and environmental factors manifested through reduced birth rates and increased mortality rates. Authorities should continue to evaluate the demographic responses of elephants to landscape scale interventions directed at restoring the limitation of spatial variance in resource distribution on elephant spatiotemporal dynamics and the consequences that may have for other conservation values.Conservation implications: Conservation managers should continue with surveying elephants in a way that allows the extraction of key variables. Such variables should focus on measures that reflect on how theory predicts elephants should respond to management interventions.
24
Samkin, Grant, and Christa Wingard. "Understanding systemic change in the context of the social and environmental disclosures of a conservation organisation in a developing country." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (September 22, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-05-2019-4010.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeThis uses a framework of systemic change to understand the contextual factors including stakeholder, social, political, cultural and economic, which contribute to the social and environmental narratives of a conservation organisation that has and continues to undergo transformation.Design/methodology/approachThe social and environmental disclosure annual report narratives for a 27-year period were coded to a framework of systemic change.FindingsThe end of apartheid in 1994 meant that South African society required transformation. This transformation impacts and drives the social and environmental accounting disclosures made by SANParks. The social and environmental disclosures coded against a framework of systemic change, fluctuated over the period of the study as the format of the annual reports changed. The systems view was the most frequently disclosed category. The political ecology subcategory which details the power relationships showed the most disclosures. However, 25 years after the end of apartheid, the transformation process remains incomplete. Although the evidence in the paper does not support Joseph and Reigelut (2010) contention that the framework of systemic change is an iterative process, it nevertheless provides a useful vehicle for analysing the rich annual report narratives of an organisation that has undergone and continues to undergo transformation.Originality/valueThis paper makes two primary contributions. First, to the limited developing country social and environmental accounting literature. Second, the development, refinement and application of a framework of systemic change to social and environmental disclosures.
25
Oberholzer, Susan, Melville Saayman, Andrea Saayman, and Elmarie Slabbert. "The socio-economic impact of Africa’s oldest marine park." Koedoe 52, no. 1 (March 11, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v52i1.879.
Full textAbstract:
South African National Parks (SANParks) plays a major role in the tourism industry and has three primary functions, namely to conserve biodiversity, to create tourism and recreational opportunities and to build strong community relations. These parks, therefore, have a definite socio-economic impact on adjacent communities, although little is known about this impact. The main aim of this study was to determine the socio-economic impact of Africa’s oldest marine park, namely Tsitsikamma National Park, which forms part of the newly created Garden Route National Park. This was done by conducting three surveys during April 2008: a visitor’s survey (156 respondents), a community survey (132 respondents) and a business survey (11 respondents). We found that the park has a positive economic impact on the surrounding area and that the community exhibits a favourable attitude towards Tsitsikamma National Park. The results also differed when compared to similar studies conducted at other national parks in South Arica and one of the main reasons for this was that the park is located in a touristic area. For a greater impact however, the park should expand its marine activities, while communication with the local community could also be improved.Conservation implications: Good community relations and ecotourism activities are important components of good conservation practices. This research indicates that tourism activities not only generated funds for conservation, but also benefited the local communities of Tsitsikamma National Park. The positive attitude of local communities makes conservation of biodiversity more sustainable.
26
Biggs, Harry, Sam Ferreira, Stefanie Freitag-Ronaldson, and Rina Grant-Biggs. "Taking stock after a decade: Does the ‘thresholds of potential concern’ concept need a socio-ecological revamp?" Koedoe 53, no. 2 (May 13, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v53i2.1002.
Full textAbstract:
The concept of thresholds of potential concern (TPCs) as implemented for the last decade in strategic adaptive management in South African National Parks (SANParks), has proved workable in practice in a number of instances, but in others appears beset by conceptual and practical limitations or barriers. Three common challenges relate to (1) situations where there is uncertainty about whether and where real thresholds exist, (2) whether and how preferences and other social constructs, as opposed to what were seen as objective biophysical variables only, can be used for TPCs and (3) whether it is admissible to adjust TPCs to allow for variations in societal behaviour, in particular rate of management response. All three challenges arise in the face of TPC objectivity implied by the original definition, and in the light of the original view that TPCs be set some distance prior to a presumed ecological threshold. This paper suggests that the three challenges can be partly or largely dealt with by the use of a wider socio-ecological view, rather than seeing TPCs in isolation or as being only biophysical. Also, while detection of abrupt changes is helpful, it makes little practical difference if some TPCs happen to describe linear processes. The very decision to intervene can induce an abrupt change. Once a wider socio-ecological approach is employed, it becomes necessary for the user to specify the particular usage envisaged for the TPC, for instance, whether it is considered a preference and whether that preference is believed in any way to be related to an ecological threshold. In all cases, it is recommended that some form of explicit representation of the socio- ecological view is constructed – we suggest a cause-and-effect diagram (and give an example generated through a thought experiment) which describes presumed relationships in the subsystem of interest. This provides a broader systemic context and a shared understanding, and has implications for considering scenarios and management alternatives. For practical reasons, from the several states and processes in such a subsystem, only a few links can be chosen on which to base particular TPCs. If we have understood the subsystem well enough, these few links, at each of which a TPC is developed, will act as diagnostic points at which we can monitor the performance of the subsystem adequately. A broadened definition of a TPC is presented, supporting this approach.Conservation implications: The concept of thresholds (initially ecological thresholds) has started influencing conservation management practice, a commonly-used formulation for management decision-making being the threshold of potential concern (TPC). Practical TPC usage can often be improved by moving away from its initially pure ecological outlook, rather framing understanding through an interlinked socio-ecological view.
27
John, Richard, and Seng Hansun. "RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI PREDIKSI PENJUALAN MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA DOUBLE EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING BERBASIS WEB (STUDI KASUS: PT. SANPAK UNGGUL)." Jurnal Informatika 14, no. 1 (May 1, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/informatika.14.1.28-35.
Full text