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1
STEINMANN, VICTOR W. "Three new species of Euphorbia subg. Chamaesyce (Euphorbiaceae) from Bolivia." Phytotaxa 114, no. 1 (June 24, 2013): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.114.1.2.
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Three new Bolivian species of Euphorbia subg. Chamaesyce are described and illustrated. Euphorbia beckii is known from the Área Natural de Manejo Integrado of Apolobamba, province of Bautista Saavedra, department of La Paz; it belongs to sect. Alectoroctonum and is compared with E. viridis. Euphorbia fuentesii is known from the Kaa-Iya del Gran Chaco National Park, Cordillera province, department of Santa Cruz. It forms part of sect. Anisophyllum, and is most similar to E. catamarcensis. Euphorbia riinae is known from the Parque Nacional Noel Kempff Mercado, in the province of Velasco, department of Santa Cruz. It is a member of sect. Crossadenia subsect. Ephedropeplus and is closely related to the Brazilian Euphorbia gymnoclada.
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Brazil, Reginaldo P., Wagner Lança Passos, Beatriz Gomes Brazil, Miroslav Temeljkovitch, and José Dilermando Andrade Filho. "Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae Rondani,1840: range extension and new records from lowland Bolivia." Check List 6, no. 4 (October 1, 2010): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/6.4.587.
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During a field trip to the town of El Carmen in de Department of Santa Cruz we captured 108 specimens of Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae). Among the specimens examined, we found five species of sand fly comprising four genera. Four species (Lutzomyia cruzi, Lutzomyia forattinii, Evandromyia corumbaensis, Expapillata cerradincola) are new records which increased the number of species known to occur in Bolivia from 117 to 121.
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Cancrini, G., A. Bartoloni, P. Guglielmetti, M. Roselli, and L. Pereira. "Malaria parasitological indices in the Cordillera Province (Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia)." Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 86, no. 3 (January 1992): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00034983.1992.11812657.
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WAPPES, JAMES E., and STEVEN W. LINGAFELTER. "A new species of Melzerella Lima from Bolivia (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Aerenicini) with a key to known species." Zootaxa 2805, no. 1 (March 30, 2011): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2805.1.3.
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Paterson, R. T., and F. Rojas. "Small animal species in the livelihoods of small-scale farmers in tropical Bolivia." BSAP Occasional Publication 33 (2004): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1463981500041704.
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In the Bolivian Department of Santa Cruz, the Provinces of Sara and Ichilo lie some 100 km North-West of the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, where they occupy an area of about 21,000 km2. Most of the region is a flat, alluvial plain, 350-450 m above sea level, with young soils prone to localized, seasonal waterlogging, although the land becomes undulating and rises to 800 m as it approaches the foothills of the Andes to the west. The soils are moderately fertile with pH values often in the range of 4.5 to 5.5.
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López-Rojas, Jhon J., and Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia. "Synapturanus rabus Pyburn, 1977 in Peru (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae): filling gap." Check List 8, no. 2 (May 1, 2012): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/8.2.274.
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We report herein the second locality of Synapturanus rabus Pyburn, 1977 in Peru, based on specimens collected at Reserva Forestal Santa Cruz, department of Loreto. In addition, a general description of the call is provided.
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Lindberg, Arley. "Linking Departmental Priorities to Knowledge Management: The Experiences of Santa Cruz County's Human Services Department." Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work 9, no. 1-2 (February 29, 2012): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15433714.2012.636311.
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Guglielmetti, P., A. Bartoloni, M. Roselli, H. Gamboa, D. J. Antunez, I. Luzzi, F. Rosmini, and F. Paradisi. "Population movements and cholera spread in Cordillera Province, Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia." Lancet 340, no. 8811 (July 1992): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(92)90432-3.
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PIACENTINI, LUIS N., SERGIO L. ÁVILA CALERO, MARIANELA E. PÉREZ, and CRISTIAN J. GRISMADO. "The first palpimanid spiders from Bolivia: two new species of the genus Otiothops MacLeay, and the female of Fernandezina pulchra Birabén (Araneae: Palpimanidae: Otiothopinae)." Zootaxa 3619, no. 4 (March 1, 2013): 491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3619.4.6.
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The araneomorph spider family Palpimanidae is reported from Boliviafor the first time. Two new species: Otiothops kath-iae and O. naokii are described and illustrated based on specimens recently collected in Santa Cruz Department. Addition-ally, Fernandezina pulchra Birabén, 1951 previously known only fromFormosa, in northernArgentina, is newly recorded fromSanta Cruz, and the female is described for the first time. Potential relationships with previously described species are also briefly discussed.
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LINGAFELTER, STEVEN W. "New species of Stizocera (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from Bolivia." Zootaxa 498, no. 1 (April 30, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.498.1.1.
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Two species of Stizocera (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae: Elaphidiini) are described from Buena Vista, Ichilo Province, Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia: Stizocera delicata, new species and Stizocera ichilo, new species. Comparison of diagnostic features with the similar species Stizocera longicollis Zajciw, Stizocera rugicollis Gu rin-M neville, and Stizocera nigroapicalis Fuchs is presented.
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Carrique Mas, J. J., M. A. Widdowson, A. M. Cuéllar, H. Ribera, and A. R. Walker. "Risk of babesiosis and anaplasmosis in different ecological zones of Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia." Veterinary Parasitology 93, no. 1 (November 2000): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4017(00)00328-9.
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GANDOLFO, Raquel, and Carmen REGUILÓN. "New records of Asthenochrysa viridula (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in Tucumán province (Argentina) and Santa Cruz department (Bolivia)." Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina 80, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25085/rsea.800208.
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Asthenochrysa viridula Adams, 1978 (Chrysopidae: Nothochrysinae) is a neotropical species. Until now, this species was known from only a few specimens: the holotype female from Misiones, a province in northeastern Argentina and a male and two females from the states of Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo in Brazil. In this contribution, A. viridula is reported for the first time from Tucumán, a province located in northwestern Argentina and also from Santa Cruz, an eastern department in Bolivia.
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Bustillo Sánchez, Marcela, Marj Tonini, Anna Mapelli, and Paolo Fiorucci. "Spatial Assessment of Wildfires Susceptibility in Santa Cruz (Bolivia) Using Random Forest." Geosciences 11, no. 5 (May 20, 2021): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11050224.
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Wildfires are expected to increase in the near future, mainly because of climate changes and land use management. One of the most vulnerable areas in the world is the forest in central-South America, including Bolivia. Despite that this country is highly prone to wildfires, literature is rather limited here. To fill this gap, we implemented a dataset including the burned area that occurred in the department of Santa Cruz in the period of 2010–2019, and the digital spatial data describing the predisposing factors (i.e., topography, land cover, ecoregions). The main goal was to develop a model, based on Random Forest, in which probabilistic outputs allowed to elaborate wildfires susceptibility maps. The overall accuracy was finally estimated by using 5-fold cross-validation. In addition, the last three years of observations acted as the testing dataset, allowing to evaluate the predictive performance of the model. The quantitative assessment of the variables revealed that “flooded savanna” and “shrub or herbaceous cover, flooded, fresh/saline/brakish water” are respectively the ecoregions and land cover classes with the highest probability of predicting wildfires. This study contributes to the development and validation of an innovative mapping tool for fire risk assessment, implementable at a regional scale in different areas of the globe.
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JARA-ARANCIO, PAOLA, FRANCISCO RATTO, ADRIANA BARTOLI, GINA ARANCIO, and MARTÍN R. CARMONA-ORTIZ. "A new species of the genus Leucheria (Asteraceae, Nassauvieae) from Argentina." Phytotaxa 404, no. 1 (May 16, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.404.1.5.
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Leucheria arancioi Jara-Arancio, Ratto & Adr. Bartoli (Asteraceae, Nassauvieae) is recognized as a new species. It was previously known as L. diemii var. purpurea Ratto, Bello & Adr. Bartoli. This is a perennial herb that inhabits the western part of the province of Santa Cruz, Department Río Chico, in the Patagonian phytogeographic province. Evaluation of morphological and molecular differences between the varieties of L. diemii showed that there are discriminating characters that warrant recognition of L. arancioi as a new species.
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Grumbine, R. Edward. "The Natural History of the U.C. Santa Cruz CampusThe Natural History of the U.C. Santa Cruz Campus.2008. 2nd edition. Tonya M. Haff , Martha T. Brown , and W. Breck Tyler . Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz. $12.95. ISBN 978-0615192017." Western North American Naturalist 70, no. 1 (April 2010): 130–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.070.0116.
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Aguiar, Luiz Roberto, Carolina Martins, Edgar Garcete Farinã, Heraldo Mello Neto, Gerson Link Bichinho, and Munir Antonio Gariba. "Percutaneous Vertebroplasty." JBNC - JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE NEUROCIRURGIA 22, no. 4 (March 23, 2018): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22290/jbnc.v22i4.1035.
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Percutaneous Vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive procedure initially developed to treat aggressive hemangiomas, which was then further extended to vertebral tumors - especially aggressive osteolytic metastasis and myeloma - and is currently largely applied in osteoporotic compression fractures that are refractory to medical therapy. In this article we formulate and answer questions reviewing the current technique, its indications and potential complications. This paper summarizes the experience of the Department of Neurosurgery at Hospital Santa Cruz in Curitiba (PR) and aims at providing a source of reference to neurosurgeons interested in this procedure.
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VILLARROEL, DANIEL, JAIR E. Q. FARIA, ALÉXIA MORAES BELMONT, SUELI MARIA GOMES, and CAROLYN E. B. PROENÇA. "New botanical discoveries in Eugenia (Myrtaceae) from Bolivia and Brazil." Phytotaxa 253, no. 4 (March 30, 2016): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.253.4.2.
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Eugenia michaelneei is a new Bolvian species endemic to the Meseta de Chochís and the Serranía de Santiago de Chiquitos in eastern Santa Cruz Department. It is closely related to E. sonderiana, but differs mainly by its small height, low number of secondary veins, midvein glabrescent on the abaxial surface and glabrous on the adaxial surface, and few ovules per locule. Nineteen differences in their leaf anatomy were also recorded although they share a dorsiventral mesophyll. Eugenia repanda and E. corrientina are reported as new occurrences for Bolivia and Brazil respectively.
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Wallace, Robert B., R. Lilian E. Painter, and Andrew B. Taber. "Primate diversity, habitat preferences, and population density estimates in Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia." American Journal of Primatology 46, no. 3 (1998): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2345(1998)46:3<197::aid-ajp2>3.0.co;2-7.
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Reyes, Maria F. "Implications of Water Tariff Structures on Water Demand in Santa Cruz Island (Galapagos Archipelago)." International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, no. 73 (September 18, 2021): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijefr.73.132.142.
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The island of Santa Cruz, located in the Galápagos Archipelago has experienced a significant increase in tourism with consequent growth of the local population over the past two decades. The rapid increase in the number of hotels and restaurants raised pressure on the water demand needed to satisfy the customers’ needs. The municipality of Santa Cruz has not been capable of coping with current expansion rates in order to provide good quality water services. Financial constraints, limited personnel, and tariff structures are the main reasons that restrict the capacity of the Department of Potable Water and Sanitation (DPWS) to manage the water supply system. There are two main settlements on the island are Puerto Ayora and its suburb, Bellavista, with a total population of approximately 14,500 and independent water supply systems. Puerto Ayora has a fixed-priced tariff per month, for categories established by the municipality. On the other hand, Bellavista has a metered system, with fixed consumer costs Yet, approximately 32% of water meters are faulty. Consequently, water demand in these two settlements varies significantly, which is likely influenced by the difference in tariff structures. This manuscript assesses the difference in tariffs between the two settlements. Furthermore, the impacts on revenues due to faulty meters (Bellavista) and fixed tariffs (Puerto Ayora) are quantified. In addition, several scenarios have been developed and analyzed in order to examine the benefits. Finally, the information regarding overdue bills and willingness to pay by the different categories of users has been examined. Results show that the revenues from water supply vary extensively between the two settlements. Due to the fixed tariffs in Puerto Ayora, the estimated cost per cubic meter of water varies depending on the specific category and estimated quantities of water used. In the case of Bellavista, water meters should be managed better and have regular maintenance. The high percentage of faulty meters gives an extra deficit to the municipality.
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Fuentes, A., and J. Muñoz. "Contribution to the bryoflora of Bolivia. I. Lowland mosses from two protected areas in the Department of Santa Cruz." Journal of Bryology 24, no. 2 (June 2002): 165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/037366802125001088.
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Felton, Adam, Bennett A. Hennessey, Annika M. Felton, and David B. Lindenmayer. "Birds surveyed in the harvested and unharvested areas of a reduced-impact logged forestry concession, located in the lowland subtropical humid forests of the Department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia." Check List 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/3.1.43.
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As part of a larger study of reduced-impact logging effects on bird community composition, we surveyed birds from December to February during the 2003-2004 wet-season within harvested and unharvested blocks of the La Chonta forestry concession, Department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia. The logged forest was harvested using reducedimpact logging techniques between one and four years previously. During point count surveys, we identified 5062 individual birds, belonging to 155 species, and 33 families. We provide a list of bird species found within the harvested and unharvested blocks of the concession for the benefit of other researchers assessing the responses of Neotropical avifauna to disturbance, and to facilitate increased understanding of the diverse bird assemblages found within the lowland subtropical humid forests of Bolivia.
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Maillard, Oswaldo, Roberto Vides-Almonacid, Marcio Flores-Valencia, Roger Coronado, Peter Vogt, Sergio M. Vicente-Serrano, Huáscar Azurduy, Ruth Anívarro, and Rosa Leny Cuellar. "Relationship of Forest Cover Fragmentation and Drought with the Occurrence of Forest Fires in the Department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia." Forests 11, no. 9 (August 20, 2020): 910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11090910.
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The forest fires of 2019 were among the most devastating ever recorded in Bolivia. In this study we analyze the relationship between forest fragmentation and meteorological drought with the spatial distribution of forest fires during that year in the Department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia. We carried out a classification of the natural vegetation using Landsat 8 satellite imagery. Forest fragmentation was defined according to the distribution of forest patch sizes and classified using seven categories; furthermore, distance to anthropogenically used areas and forest edges was quantified. Spatial patterns of meteorological drought severity were quantified using long-term series of precipitation and reference evapotranspiration. Areas burned during 2019 (July–December) were characterized by means of spectral indices (normalized burn ratio (NBR) and normalized delta burn ratio (dNBR)) and unsupervised classification methods (interactive self-organizing data analysis algorithm (ISODATA)). The results show that 61.9% of the total area burned occurred in large (>2,000,000 ha), relatively unfragmented patches. However, the highest proportion of fires (17.1%) occurred in relatively small patches (<20 ha). In addition, anthropogenically used zones and forest edges were most impacted by forest fires. Finally, the spatial patterns of drought severity also influenced the severity of forest fires.
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Chainey, Jonh E., Martin Junior Hall, José L. Aramayo B., and Paolo Bettella. "A preliminary checklist and key to the genera and subgenera of Tabanidae (Diptera) of Bolivia with particular reference to Santa Cruz Department." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 89, no. 3 (September 1994): 321–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02761994000300007.
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Jannarone, Kimberly. "Jarry's Caesar Antichrist and the Theatre of the Book." New Theatre Quarterly 25, no. 2 (May 2009): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x09000220.
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The familiarity bred by the notoriety in its own times of Alfred Jarry's Ubu Roi has been accompanied by neglect for his other work, especially that which seems of peripheral interest to the theatre practitioner. In this article, Kimberly Jannarone argues that his earlier Caesar Antichrist falls into the unusual category of ‘a piece of theatre not intended for the stage’ – apparently unstageable, yet not a closet drama since, in Jarry's scrupulous care for its published form, he created his own ‘theatre of the book’, anticipating the later modernist use of collage while also demonstrating in words and pictures his ‘pataphysical’ interest in the dialectics of opposites. Kimberly Jannarone received her MFA and DFA from the Yale School of Drama, and is currently teaching in the Department of Theater Arts at the University of California, Santa Cruz. She wrote on ‘Puppetry and Pataphysics: Populism and the Ubu Cycle’, in NTQ67 (2001).
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Clarke, Robin O. S. "Oxylopsebus brachypterus: a new genus and species of Oxycoleini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae) from Bolivia." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 48, no. 9 (2008): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0031-10492008000900001.
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Oxylopsebus brachypterus new genus and species from humid tropical forest, Department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia is described and illustrated. Although with reduced elytra, the genus is placed in Oxycoleini based on the following characters: female urosternites modified, the first as long as the second to fourth together, the second with a brush for covering the eggs with detritus after being laid; the male with six visible urosternites, the first twice as long as the second; eyes with superior lobes; prothorax divergent behind, disc of pronotum with calli; procoxal cavities closed behind. Oxylopsebus gen. nov. would seem to fall between the Oxycoleini and Psebiini and be less closely related to the Obriini and Luscosmodicini, the four tribes in which the females have modified urosternites (the " Obriini group" sensu Martins, 2003). All the specimens were netted as they visited flowers of the vine Serjania lethalis (Sapindaceae).
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Potts, Annie, and Donna Haraway. "Kiwi chicken advocate talks with Californian dog companion." Feminism & Psychology 20, no. 3 (August 2010): 318–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959353510368118.
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An influential feminist scholar in the field of human-animal studies, Donna Haraway (Professor in the History of Consciousness Department at the University of California, Santa Cruz) has over the past couple of decades provided ground-breaking critiques of such subjects as twentieth century primatology (and its links to race, gender and first-world/third-world politics), the place of nonhuman animals in laboratory science, and the phenomenon of pedigree dog breeding. Her most recent work focuses on our relationships with ‘companion species’, a term Haraway employs in her analysis of the diverse forms of human-animal interactions and exchanges that are part of everyday life. Drawing from ecological developmental biology, she suggests that companion species are the fruit of ‘multispecies reciprocal inductions’. In the following interview with Annie Potts (Co-Director, the New Zealand Centre for Human-Animal Studies), Donna Haraway discusses her views on, amongst other things, feminism and multispecies issues, human exceptionalism and posthumanism, and the pleasures of ‘becoming with’ our companion species.
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Brixner, Betina, Caroline Lau Koch, Marla Pedroso Marth, Alice Pereira Freitas, Cristiane Carla Dressler Garske, Vanessa Monigueli Giehl, and Ana Paula Helfer Schneider. "Formas utilizadas para tentativa de suicídio e características sociodemográficas de pacientes atendidos no serviço de emergência de um hospital de ensino." Scientia Medica 26, no. 4 (November 24, 2016): 24467. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2016.4.24467.
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Aims: To assess the methods used in suicide attempts and sociodemographic characteristics of suicidal patients treated at the emergency department of a teaching hospital.Methods: Cross-sectional retrospective study, with active search for electronic medical records of patients treated at the emergency department of a public teaching hospital in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from January to December 2015. All cases of suicide attempt were included, regardless of the suicide methods used. Successful suicide cases were not investigated. The statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, univariate analysis, and Pearson’s chi-square test.Results: A total of 233 patients treated at the emergency department were referred for psychiatric evaluation, and 122 of them had attempted suicide. The mean age of the suicidal patients was 36.8±14.3 years, (minimum of 14 years and maximum of 88 years) and 74 (60.6%) of them were female. The most common suicide attempt methods were ingestion of medications (72 cases, 59%) and of pesticide (14 cases, 11.5%). Of all patients, 119 (97.5%) lived in Santa Cruz do Sul, predominantly in the urban area (103 patients, 84.4%). Of the 50 (41.0%) referrals, 32 (64.0%) were sent to the Center for Psychosocial Care, 7 (14%) to the Center for Children’s and Adolescents’ Psychosocial Care, 6 (12%) were admitted to a mental health unit, and 5 (10%) were sent to Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drug Abuse. Sixty-six (54.1%) patients had no electronic medical records of their outcome after discharge and 6 (4.9%) were lost to follow-up.Conclusions: Most of the treated suicidal patients were young adult females. The most common method of suicide attempt was the ingestion of medications, followed by the ingestion of pesticides.
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Ali, V., E. Martinez, P. Duran, M. A. Seláez, M. Barragan, P. Nogales, A. Peña y Lillo, et al. "Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto, Echinococcus ortleppi; and E. intermedius (G7) are present in Bolivia." Parasitology 147, no. 9 (April 1, 2020): 949–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182020000529.
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AbstractCystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease caused by a complex of species known as Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. CE is endemic in Argentina, Chile, Peru, Uruguay and the South part of Brazil. In contrast, little is known regarding the presence of CE in Bolivia. In this study, 35 cysts isolated from livestock (mostly from the Department of La Paz) and 3 from humans (La Paz, Oruro and Potosi) were genetically characterized analysing the sequence of the cox1 gene (1609 bp). In total, 30 cysts (from La Paz, Cochabamba and Beni) were characterized as E. granulosus sensu stricto (3 fertile and 4 non-fertile cysts from sheep, 8 fertile and 12 non-fertile cysts from cattle and 3 fertile cysts from humans). A detailed analysis of the cox1 haplotypes of E. granulosus s.s. is included. Echinococcus ortleppi (G5) was found in 5 fertile cysts from cattle (from La Paz and Cochabamba). Echinococcus intermedius (G7) was identified in 3 fertile cysts from pigs (from Santa Cruz). Additionally, E. granulosus s.s. was detected in 4 dog faecal samples, while E. ortleppi was present in other two dog faecal samples. The implications of these preliminary results in the future implementation of control measures are discussed.
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RAMOS, ELIZABETH QUISBERTH, ALLEN L. NORRBOM, LUCIANE MARINONI, BRUCE D. SUTTON, GARY J. STECK, and JUAN JOSÉ LAGRAVA SÁNCHEZ. "The Bolivian fauna of the genus Anastrepha Schiner (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Zootaxa 4926, no. 1 (February 4, 2021): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4926.1.3.
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The general aim of this study is to contribute to and summarize knowledge of the Bolivian fauna of the genus Anastrepha Schiner (Tephritidae) which includes species of both ecological and economic importance. In addition to compiling data from the literature, we report the results of fruit fly sampling using McPhail or multilure traps in the Tropic of Cochabamba region and at the private natural reserve of Potrerillo del Guendá in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, as well as records from various other sites based on specimens in museum collections. Fifty-seven named species and three unnamed species of Anastrepha are recorded from Bolivia. Distribution maps for all of these species are provided. Numerous new department records are reported as well as the first records for Bolivia of A. castanea Norrbom, A. dissimilis Stone, A. elegans Blanchard, A. haywardi Blanchard, A. macrura Hendel, A. montei Lima, A. punctata Hendel, and A. rosilloi Blanchard. Pacouria boliviensis (Markgr.) A. Chev. (Apocynaceae) is reported as a host plant of A. woodleyi Norrbom & Korytkowski, and Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex Willd.) Berg (Myrtaceae) and Pouteria glomerata (Miq.) Radlk. (Sapotaceae) as host plants of A. fraterculus (Wiedemann). This distribution and host information will be useful to monitor and manage species that damage fruit crops in Bolivia.
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Spinicci, Michele, Carlo Fumagalli, Niccolò Maurizi, Enrico Guglielmi, Mimmo Roselli, Herlan Gamboa, Marianne Strohmeyer, et al. "Feasibility of a Combined Mobile-Health Electrocardiographic and Rapid Diagnostic Test Screening for Chagas-Related Cardiac Alterations." Microorganisms 9, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 1889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091889.
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Background: Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CChC) is the most common cause of death related to Chagas disease (CD). The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of a combined rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and electrocardiographic (ECG) screening in a remote rural village of the Bolivian Chaco, with a high prevalence of CChC. Methods: Consecutive healthy volunteers > 15 years were enrolled in the community of Palmarito (municipality of Gutierrez, Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia) in February 2019. All patients performed an RDT with Chagas Stat-Pak® (CSP, Chembio Diagnostic System, Medford, NY, USA) and an ECG by D-Heart® technology, a low-cost, user-friendly smartphone-based 8-lead Bluetooth ECG. RDTs were read locally while ECGs were sent to a cardiology clinic which transmitted reports within 24 h from recording. Results: Among 140 people (54 men, median age 38(interquartile range 23–54) years), 98 (70%) were positive for Trypanosoma cruzi infection, with a linear, age-dependent, increasing trend (p < 0.001). Twenty-five (18%) individuals showed ECG abnormalities compatible with CD. Prevalence of ECG abnormalities was higher in infected individuals and was associated with higher systolic blood pressure and smoking. Following screening, 22 (16%) individuals underwent clinical evaluation and chest X-ray and two were referred for further evaluation. At multivariate analysis, positive CSP results (OR = 4.75, 95%CI 1.08–20.96, p = 0.039) and smoking (OR = 4.20, 95%CI 1.18–14.92, p = 0.027) were independent predictors of ECG abnormalities. Overall cost for screening implementation was <10 $. Conclusions: Combined mobile-Health and RDTs was a reliable and effective low-cost strategy to identify patients at high risk of disease needing cardiologic assessment suggesting potential future applications.
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Almeida Filho, Dilermando Pereira de, Laerte Justino de Oliveira, and Vivian Ferreira do Amaral. "Accuracy of laparoscopy for assessing patients with endometriosis." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 126, no. 6 (November 2008): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31802008000600002.
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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Diagnoses of endometriosis are based on observation of endometriotic lesions by means of laparoscopy, along with the pathological findings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the macroscopic findings in relation to the histopathological findings. More specifically, we aimed to test the efficacy of laparoscopy alone for diagnosing endometriosis and to evaluate the laterality of endometriosis among the study population. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study on women undergoing laparoscopy due to pelvic pain or infertility, in the Gynecology Department of Hospital Santa Cruz in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, and Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. METHODS: A total of 976 patients underwent laparoscopy and biopsy due to pelvic pain and/or infertility. We analyzed the laparoscopic and histopathological findings from patients with pelvic endometriosis (n = 468) and patients without endometriosis (n = 508). RESULTS: In 468 (47.95%) of the cases, the clinical and laparoscopic findings were consistent with endometriosis, and this was confirmed histopathologically in 337 (34.5%). Among the remaining 508 patients, although the laparoscopy was performed for other reasons relating to acute pelvic pain, eight were diagnosed with endometriosis from histopathological examination of the pelvic specimens obtained. Therefore, endometriosis was confirmed in 345 patients (35.3%). In comparison with the histopathology, laparoscopy alone presented 97.68% sensitivity, 79.23% specificity, 72% positive predictive value and 98.42% negative predictive value. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy should be used in conjunction with histopathology for diagnosing endometriosis.
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Blomquist, C. L., H. J. Scheck, J. Haynes, P. W. Woods, and J. Bischoff. "First Published Report of Rust on White Alder Caused by Melampsoridium hiratsukanum in the United States." Plant Disease 98, no. 1 (January 2014): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-13-0296-pdn.
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White alder (Alnus rhombifolia) is a fast-growing tree native to the western United States and is planted frequently in landscapes. In September 2010, mature leaves of white alder with small, orange-yellow pustules were collected in a commercial nursery in Santa Cruz County, CA. Approximately 25 white alder trees were affected. Collected leaves were sent to the California Department of Food and Agriculture Plant Pest Diagnostics Laboratory. Young uredinial pustules were bullate, with urediniospores emerging from a single pore in the pustule. Spiny cells lined the ostiole. With age, pustules broke open to release more spores. Urediniospores were obovate to oval and measured from 14 to 20 × 27 to 41 μm (17.1 × 32.2 μm average, n = 62). Spores were uniformly echinulate and contained a nearly hyaline cell wall measuring from 1 to 2 μm (1.5 μm average) in thickness. A portion of the 28S ribosomal subunit (GenBank Accession No. KC313888) and the internal transcribed spacer regions (KC313889) were amplified and sequenced from DNA extracted from urediniospores using primers LR6 and rust2inv (1) and ITS1-F and ITS4-B (2), respectively. Our ITS sequence had 99% identity to GenBank accession EF564164, Melampsoridium hiratsukanum. In September 2011, white alder leaves with similar symptoms were collected from a commercial nursery in Santa Barbara County, CA. The spore morphology matched the white alder sample previously collected in Santa Cruz County, CA, in 2010. At that time, pathogenicity assays were conducted on three 1-year-old, 61-cm white alder trees planted in 3.8-liter pots. Six detached leaves with visible rust pustules were rubbed gently onto both the apical and distal side of moistened leaves of the healthy alders. Each infected leaf was used to inoculate a total of 6 to 10 healthy leaves by rubbing two leaves per tree before moving to the next tree. Leaves on three additional white alder trees were rubbed with healthy leaves as controls. Trees were incubated in a dew chamber for 3 days in darkness at 24°C, then placed in a growth chamber at 22°C with a 12-h photoperiod. Twelve days after inoculation, small lesions were visible on a few of the leaf undersides of each inoculated tree. Not all inoculated leaves developed pustules. No lesions developed on the control trees. M. hiratsukanum has been reported in Canada, Europe, and eastern Asia (3). There are no published reports of this rust in the United States, but there is an unpublished specimen from white alder in the USDA Systematic Mycology Herbarium (BPI 028048) collected from California in 1931, which was identified as M. hiratsukanum by G. B. Cummins using morphological criteria. We are unaware if older specimens of this rust exist because we were unable to search other herbaria in the United States. To the best of our knowledge, this rust has been present in California since 1931, but has only recently been found causing disease in nursery plants. There have been no reports of the serious foliar disease symptoms on trees in California wild lands as have been reported in Europe, presumably due to dry summer and fall seasons in white alder's natural habitat. References: (1) M. C. Aime. Mycoscience 47:112, 2006. (2) M. Gardes and T. D. Bruns. Mol. Ecol. 2:113, 1993. (3) J. Hatula et al. Mycologia 101:622, 2009.
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Ploper, L. D., V. González, M. R. Gálvez, N. V. de Ramallo, M. A. Zamorano, G. García, and A. P. Castagnaro. "Detection of Soybean Rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi in Northwestern Argentina." Plant Disease 89, no. 7 (July 2005): 774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-0774b.
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Asian soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is regarded as one of the most destructive diseases of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). In Argentina, it was first detected in the province of Misiones in the northeast near Paraguay and Brazil during the 2001-02 growing season (2). The following season, it also was found in the neighboring province of Corrientes. However, it did not reach major soybean production areas in northern Argentina until the end of the 2003-04 season. During April 2004, as soybean crops were nearing maturity, the disease was found throughout the region of northwestern Argentina, which includes the provinces of Tucumán, Salta, Jujuy, Catamarca, and Santiago del Estero, where approximately 6% of the soybean crop of Argentina is produced. During February and March, the area had a severe drought and above average temperatures, but in April, rainfall was abundant, particularly during the first half of the month. Soybean rust was first observed on 16 April in several locations of the departments (counties) of Moreno and Jiménez in the province of Santiago del Estero, and the following week in the departments of Alberdi, Burruyacú, Cruz Alta, Famaillá, La Cocha, and Leales in the province of Tucumán, in the department of Santa Rosa in the province of Catamarca, and in the departments of Anta, Metán, Rosario de la Frontera, and San Martín in the province of Salta. In those fields where the disease was detected, nearly all plants showed symptoms. Affected crops were mostly in growth stages R7 to R8, except for a few fields that had been planted late and were in a late R5 stage. Yield losses as much as 28% and premature defoliation occurred in these fields only. Disease severity, measured as percentage of affected leaf area, ranged from 45 to 50% in untreated fields and 0.9 to 39% in fungicide-treated fields. Leaf lesions were reddish brown, irregularly shaped, and were more abundant on the abaxial surface. Under the dissecting microscope, uredinia were observed as erumpent pustules with a conspicuous central pore. Masses of urediniospores were expelled through the pore and covered the pustules. Urediniospores were hyaline to pale yellow-brown, sub globose to ovoid, with finely echinulate, hyaline walls, and an average size of 27.8 × 18.5 μm. Because there are two morphologically similar species of Phakopsora that infect soybean, P. pachyrhizi (the Asian species) and P. meibomiae (the New World species), a molecular differentiation was carried out using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay described by Frederick et al. (1). DNA extracted from 37 samples from different locations was amplified with specific primers for both species of Phakopsora and specific primers for P. pachyrhizi and for P. meibomiae. Twenty-eight samples amplified with the two species primers and with the P. pachyrhizi primer. None of the samples amplified with the P. meibomiae primer. Specimens have been deposited at Instituto Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina. These results confirmed the presence of P. pachyrhizi in the provinces of Catamarca, Tucumán, Salta, and Santiago del Estero, Argentina. References: (1) R. D. Frederick et al. Phytopathology 92:217, 2002. (2) R. L. Rossi. Plant Dis. 87:102, 2003.
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Welter, Carline Andréa, Jorge Antonio de Farias, Luana Dessbesell, Rafael da Silva Rech, and Fábio Eduardo Roesch. "APROVEITAMENTO ENERGÉTICO DE RESÍDUOS FLORESTAIS COMO ALTERNATIVA AO CONSUMO DE LENHA NA FUMICULTURA DO SUL DO BRASIL." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 34, no. 4 (December 5, 2019): 511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2019v34n4p511-520.
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APROVEITAMENTO ENERGÉTICO DE RESÍDUOS FLORESTAIS COMO ALTERNATIVA AO CONSUMO DE LENHA NA FUMICULTURA DO SUL DO BRASIL
CARLINE ANDRÉA WELTER1, JORGE ANTONIO DE FARIAS2, LUANA DESSBESELL3 RAFAEL DA SILVA RECH4, FÁBIO EDUARDO ROESCH5
1 Doutoranda do PPG em Engenharia Florestal – UFSM, Av. Roraima nº 1000, prédio 44B, bairro Camobi, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. carlinewelter@gmail.com
2 Professor do Departamento de Ciências Florestais – UFSM, Av. Roraima nº 1000, prédio 44B, bairro Camobi, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. fariasufsm@gmail.com
3 PhD Forest Sciences, Natural Resources Management Department- Lakehead University (LU), 955 Oliver Road, Postal Code: P7B 5E1, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. luana.dessbesell@gmail.com
4 Engenheiro Florestal – UFSM, Av. Roraima nº 1000, prédio 44B, bairro Camobi, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. raafael.rech@hotmail.com
5 Japan Tobacco International. Centro de Desenvolvimento Agronômico, Extensão e Treinamento (Adet), Estrada Cerro Alegre Baixo s/n, CEP 96860-000, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brasil. Fabio.Roesch@jti.com
RESUMO: Os objetivos do trabalho foram: caracterizar a fumicultura na região sul do Brasil; verificar o consumo de biomassa na cura do tabaco; verificar a disponibilidade de resíduos do processamento mecânico da madeira como alternativa de fornecimento de biomassa para fins energéticos. O tabaco, mesmo ocupando 18% da área das propriedades, foi responsável por, em média, 53% da renda do produtor na safra 2017/2018. Observou-se um consumo maior de lenha em comparação à serragem, para cada kg de tabaco curado, 2,75 e 2,69 kg, respectivamente. Com relação à disponibilidade de resíduos florestais, foi demonstrado que existe um volume significativo para aproveitamento energético, e ainda ocioso, principalmente os oriundos do processamento de madeira. O uso da serragem em substituição à lenha foi tecnicamente viável e elevaria o nível de comprometimento do setor com a sustentabilidade da atividade fumageira.
Palavras-chave: tabaco, energia de biomassa, agricultura familiar
FOREST RESIDUES ENERGY USE AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO FIREWOOD IN TOBACCO FARMING OF SOUTHERN BRAZIL
ABSTRACT: The objective was to characterize the tobacco culture in the southern states of Brazil also analyze the consumption of biomass in tobacco curing, and access availability of mechanical processing wood residues as an alternative supply of biomass for energy purposes. Tobacco, despite occupying only 18% of the properties area, it accounted for an average 53% of the farmers income in 2017/2018 crop. There was also a higher consumption of firewood compared to sawdust for each kg of cured tobacco, 2.75 and 2.69 kg, respectively. Regarding the forest residues availability, there is a significant amount of forest residues for energy recovery level that still idle, especially those from the wood processing. The sawdust usage to replace firewood was technically practicable and would raise the level of commitment of tobacco sector bringing more sustainability to this activity.
Keywords: tobacco, biomass energy, family farming
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Pransky, Joanne. "The Pransky interview: Professor Jacob Rosen, Co-Founder of Applied Dexterity and ExoSense." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 43, no. 5 (August 15, 2016): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-06-2016-0162.
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Purpose The following article is a “Q&A interview” conducted by Joanne Pransky of Industrial Robot journal as a method to impart the combined technological, business and personal experience of a prominent, robotic industry engineer-turned-entrepreneur regarding the evolution, commercialization and challenges of bringing a technological invention to market. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The interviewee is Jacob Rosen, a Professor of Medical Robotics at the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), where he directs the Bionics Lab. Professor Rosen is also the Director of Surgical Robotics Engineering at the UCLA School of Medicine’s Center for Advanced Surgical and Interventional Technology and has joint appointments at UCLA’s Department of Surgery and UCLA’s Department of Bioengineering. Professor Rosen is the co-founder of the companies Applied Dexterity, ExoSense and SPI. As a pioneer in medical robotics devices and technologies, Professor Rosen describes his unique approaches and philosophies. Findings Dr Rosen received his BSc degree in Mechanical Engineering, MSc and PhD degrees in Biomedical Engineering from Tel-Aviv University in 1987, 1993 and 1997, respectively. From 1987 to 1992, he served as an officer in the Israeli Defense Forces studying human–machine interfaces. From 1993 to 1997, he was a research associate at Tel-Aviv University, as well as held a position at a startup company developing innovative orthopedic spine/pelvis implants. From 2001-2013, he held faculty positions at the University of Washington and at University of California, Santa Cruz. Originality/value Dr Rosen developed several key systems in the field of medical robotics, such as the Blue and the Red Dragon, for minimally invasive surgical skill evaluation; RAVEN, a surgical robotic system for telesurgery; and several generations of upper and lower limb exoskeletons including the Exo-UL7 – a dual arm wearable robotic system. He is a co-author of 100 manuscripts in the field of medical robotics and a co-author and co-editor of two books entitled “Surgical Robotics – Systems, Applications, and Visions” and “Redundancy in Robot Manipulators and Multi-robot systems” published by Springer. Professor Rosen has filed eight different patent applications and also works as an expert witness and consultant on design, patent protection & litigation and malpractice regarding surgical robotics.
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Carvalho, Catarina Pedro, María Alejandra Velásquez, and Zelda Van Rooyen. "Determination of the minimum dry matter index for the optimum harvest of 'Hass' avocado fruits in Colombia." Agronomía Colombiana 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v32n3.46031.
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Colombia has become an important producer of 'Hass' avocado in the last three years; however, a minimum dry matter content has not been established as a maturity index for harvest. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between oil percentage and dry matter content in order to establish a minimum harvest index for 'Hass' avocado fruits grown in Colombia. Samples were collected for maturity determinations over three years of 'Hass' avocado fruit cultivation from fifteen different orchards in the department of Antioquia in order to determine the dry matter and oil percentage of fruits throughout the season. A simple linear relationship between oil content and dry matter was thus established. The equations for all of the studied orchards presented a good correlation coefficient, ranging between 0.70 on the Cartucho orchard in the municipality of Retiro and 0.99 on the Gacamayas and Paraiso orchards in the municipality of Entrerrios and Retiro. Using the minimal oil standard of 11.2% as a reference, the orchards that were found to have a high dry matter percentage at harvest were Cartucho in Retiro (26%), followed by Piedras Blancas and Santa Cruz in the municipality of Venecia (25%); while the 'Hass' avocado fruit from the Cebadero orchard in Retiro, Coconi in the municipality of La Ceja and Guacamayas in Entrerrios reached this oil standard at 22% dry matter, which could be a commercial advantage. Based on these oil content results, a minimal dry matter index of 23.5% was proposed as a harvest maturity indicator for 'Hass' avocado grown in Colombia. This harvesting index will need to be refined over time and with the addition of samples from more regions and climatic data profiles.
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Serdani, M., S. Rooney-Latham, K. M. Wallis, and C. L. Blomquist. "First Report of Colletotrichum phormii Causing Anthracnose on New Zealand Flax in the United States." Plant Disease 97, no. 8 (August 2013): 1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-12-1155-pdn.
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Phormium colensoi Hook.f. (syn. P. cookianum), New Zealand flax, (family Xanthorrhoeaceae) is popular in ornamental landscapes in the United States because of its sturdy blade-like foliage available in diverse colors. In February 2012, the Oregon State University Plant Clinic received three potted plants of P. colensoi ‘Black Adder’ from a commercial nursery in Santa Cruz County, California. The margins and midribs of several leaves had brown lesions that were variable in size, and fusiform to ellipsoidal in shape. Embedded in the lesions were black acervuli without setae that exuded salmon-colored spore masses under moist conditions. Conidia were hyaline, cylindrical to fusiform, straight to slightly curved, and 22.4 to 35.2 × 4.0 to 6.4 (average 24.7 × 4.9) μm. Based on morphology, the fungus was confirmed by USDA-APHIS National Identification Services to be Colletotrichum phormii (Henn.) D.F. Farr & Rossman (2). In March 2012, the California Department of Food and Agriculture Plant Pest Diagnostic Lab received additional samples from the same nursery lot (25% disease incidence) from which a similar fungus was recovered. rDNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region from the California isolate (GenBank KC122681), amplified using primers ITS1 and ITS4 (2), were 100% identical to multiple species of Colletotrichum, including C. phormii by a BLAST query (JQ948446 through JQ948453). ITS sequence similarity alone is not sufficient to address Colletotrichum taxonomy and must be used in combination with host range and morphology (1). Pathogenicity of C. phormii (isolate CDFA986) was tested on three ‘Black Adder’ plants, which were inoculated with 6-mm agar plugs from a 14-day-old culture grown on half strength potato dextrose agar (PDA). Leaves were wound-inoculated along the midrib using colonized plugs (4). Five leaves per plant were inoculated with C. phormii plugs and five leaves per plant were treated with uncolonized PDA agar plugs as controls. Plants were sprayed with water and incubated in plastic bags at 22°C with a 12-h photoperiod. After 48 h, the bags and caps were removed and plants were kept under the same conditions. Two weeks later, water-soaked lesions had developed on the inoculated leaves. Lesions expanded along the midrib and became fusiform in shape after 21 to 28 days. C. phormii was isolated from lesion margins of all the inoculated leaves, but not from control leaves. This experiment was repeated once with similar results. Another Colletotrichum species, C. gloeosporiodes, also occurs on Phormium spp., but differs from C. phormii in morphology and symptom expression. Subsequent nursery and landscape surveys showed that anthracnose caused by C. phormii occurs on several P. colensoi cultivars as well as on P. tenax in five California counties including Santa Cruz, Yolo, Sacramento, San Luis Obispo, and Solano. C. phormii is also reported to infect P. colensoi and P. tenax in New Zealand, Europe, the United Kingdom, Australia, and South Africa (2,3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. phormii causing anthracnose on Phormium in North America. This disease could impact the American nursery trade and New Zealand flax production due to crop loss and increased production costs for pest management. References: (1) J. Crouch et al. Mycologia 101:648, 2009. (2) D. F. Farr et al. Mycol. Res. 110:1395, 2006. (3). H. Golzar and C. Wang. Australas. Plant Pathol. 5:110, 2010. (4) L. E. Yakabe et al. Plant Dis. 93:883, 2009.
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Oliveira, Cleomar Ferreira de, Marconi Batista Teixeira, Adriana Ramos, Renato Moreira da Silva, Pedro Henrique Pinto Ribeiro, and José Antônio Frizzone. "PORTABLE SAND FILTER FOR SMALL DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS." IRRIGA 21, no. 1 (June 18, 2018): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2016v21n1p90-103.
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PORTABLE SAND FILTER FOR SMALL DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS CLEOMAR FERREIRA DE OLIVEIRA1; MARCONI BATISTA TEIXEIRA2*; ADRIANA RAMOS3; RENATO MOREIRA DA SILVA4; PEDRO HENRIQUE PINTO RIBEIRO5 E JOSÉ ANTÔNIO FRIZZONE6 1 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Prof. Dr. IFMinas Gerais - Campus Muzambinho, MG.2 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Prof. Dr. IFGoiano - Campus Rio Verde, GO. *E-mail: marconibt@gmail.com3 Engenheira Agrônoma, Profa. Dra. Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz – Ilhéus, BA.4 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Doutor, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, LEB - ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba - SP.5 Tecnólogo em Irrigação e Drenagem, Doutorando, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, UNESP/FCA, Botucatu, SP.6 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Prof. Titular, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, LEB - ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba - SP. 1 ABSTRACT Filters in drip irrigation systems are fundamental to ensure effective control of water quality and to reduce clogging of emitters. Current study aims at constructing a low cost portable sand filter for small localized irrigation systems (up to 1.0 ha) and at determining its head loss due to flow. Tests were carried out in the Hydraulic Laboratory of Biosystems Engineering Department of Agriculture School “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of São Paulo. Magnetic-induction Conaut Krohne model IFS 4000 w/6 with IFC 090 D signal convert of discharge, reading range between 0 and 90 m3.h-1 and 99% precision, was used for flow rate measurements. Pressure loss at each observation point was determined indirectly by two differential pressure gauges with a mercury column. A set of 20 flow readings was performed in three replications. Results showed that maximum filter discharge complied with ASAE guidelines and the cost of materials for manufacture of the filter was U$ 382.15. Linear mathematical model adequately describes the loss of pressure of the sand filter due to flow variation. Rates of minimum and maximum flow recommended range between 0.0257 m3.h-1 and 0.556 m3.h-1, and thus may satisfy small trickle irrigation projects. Keywords: Filtration, water quality, head loss, flow rate.
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Glücksberg, Adriana, Eric Javier Martínez, Ana Isabel Honfi, Carla Maldonado, and Diego Hernán Hojsgaard. "New records and range expansion for Paspalum procurrens and P. volcanense in northwestern Argentina and southeastern Bolivia." Check List 15, no. 6 (December 31, 2019): 1137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/15.6.1137.
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Paspalum procurrens Quarin and P. volcanense Zuloaga, Morrone & Denham are two rare species of South American grasses inhabiting geographically restricted areas which are exposed to ecological degradation due to landscape transformation and biodiversity losses. We present new records for these species, from the provinces of Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán and Catamarca (Argentina) and departments of Tarija, Chuquisaca, and Santa Cruz (Bolivia). New geographic distribution maps and the biological relevance of these findings are discussed pinpointing the need for imperative and assiduous botanical explorations in biodiversity hotspots sensible to the impact of human activities. Ploidy levels in these two species are studied.
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Yulvina, Yulvina, Bambang Hermani, Lisnawati Lisnawati, and Saptawati Saptawati. "Ekspresi tissue inhibitor metaloproteinase-2 pada metastasis kelenjar limfe leher pada karsinoma sel skuamosa laring." Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana 41, no. 2 (December 1, 2011): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.32637/orli.v41i2.50.
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Background: Survival of laryngeal cancer cases depend on lymph nodes involvement. Tissue inhibitormetaloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) has double effects on matrix metalloproteinase. TIMP-2 could inhibit orinduce metastasis process. Its expression depends on tumor location and histopathology. Purpose: Tofind out the presence of TIMP-2 on biopsy specimens of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and itsrelation to lymph node involvement. Methods: The immunoexpression of TIMP-2 was studied on biopsy specimens of 15 laryngeal carcinomas with lymph node metastasis and 18 patients without, collected between 2005-2009. Immunohistochemistry test were carried out in Pathology Department Universityof Indonesia using TIMP-2 (3A4) sc 21735 antibody from Santa Cruz. We used analytic-descriptivestudy to compare TIMP-2 expression between laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma with lymph node metastasis and those without. Results: The median of TIMP-2 immunoexpression in laryngeal squamouscell carcinoma in patients with lymph node involvement was 99 and the median in patients withoutlymph node metastases was 97, with range between 0-100. Statistical analysis revealed no significantdifference in TIMP-2 expression between groups with metastasis and without (p=0.403). Conclusions:Our results could not differentiate the TIMP-2 expression from patients with laryngeal squamous cellcarcinoma with lymph node metastasis and without. However, imbalances in the extracellular activitiesof matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases, linked to pathologicaltissue destruction, are more complex and need further investigation. Further study on correlationbetween TIMP-2 and MMP2-MT-1MMP immunoexpression is advised to determine its relationship tolymph node metastasis and to plan more aggressive treatment. Keywords: laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, matrix metalloproteinase, tissue inhibitormetaloproteinase-2 Abstrak : Latar belakang: Angka harapan hidup pasien karsinoma laring ditentukan oleh adanya metastasiskelenjar leher. Tissue inhibitor metaloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2)mempunyai efek ganda pada kerja matriksmetalloproteinase yang merupakan salah satu penanda metastasis. TIMP-2 dapat menghambat ataumenginduksi metastasis. Ekspresi TIMP-2 tergantung pada lokasi dan jenis tumor. Tujuan: Melaporkanekspresi TIMP-2 pada sediaan biopsi karsinoma sel skuamosa laring dan hubungannya dengan metastasiskelenjar limfe leher. Metode: Ekspresi TIMP-2 diteliti pada 15 pasien karsinoma sel skuamosa laringdengan metastasis leher dan 18 pasien tanpa metastasis leher. Pemeriksaan imunohistokimia dilakukanpada jaringan biopsi yang diterima tahun 2005-2009. Imunohistokimia dilakukan sesuai dengan standarpemeriksaan di Departemen Patologi Anatomi FKUI menggunakan antibodi TIMP-2 (3A4) sc 21735 dariSanta Cruz. Penelitian bersifat analitik untuk melihat perbedaan ekspresi TIMP-2 antara karsinoma laringdengan metastasis leher dan yang tanpa metastasis leher. Hasil: Nilai median ekspresi TIMP-2 padakarsinoma laring dengan metastasis leher adalah 99 dan median TIMP-2 pada pasien tanpa metastasisleher adalah 97, dengan kisaran antara 0-100. Analisis statistik memperlihatkan tidak ada perbedaanbermakna pada ekspresi TIMP-2 antara kelompok karsinoma sel skuamosa laring dengan metastasisleher dan yang tanpa metastasis leher (p=0,403). Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ekspresiTIMP-2 tidak dapat dibedakan antara pasien yang bermetastasis leher dan yang tidak. Keseimbanganaktivitas antara matriks metalloproteinase (MMP) dan tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase(TIMP) berkaitan dengan destruksi patologis yang kompleks dan membutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut.Disarankan pemeriksaan korelasi antara ekspresi TIMP-2 dan MMP2 serta dengan MT-1MMP dan_€Ó_x_,_nya dengan metastasis kelenjar limfe leher untuk memprediksikan terapi yang lebih agresif. Kata kunci: karsinoma sel skuamosa laring, matriks metalloproteinase, tissue inhibitor metaloproteinase-2
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DA FONSECA, EMANUEL MASIERO, FLÁVIA MÓL LANNA, ANATHIELLE CAROLINE SANT’ ANNA, ELVIS ALMEIDA PEREIRA, FELIPE FERREIRA DOS SANTOS, MATHEUS DE OLIVEIRA NEVES, and SARAH MÂNGIA. "The advertisement call of Elachistocleis helianneae Caramaschi, 2010 (Anura: Microhylidae)." Zootaxa 3559, no. 1 (November 22, 2012): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3559.1.6.
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The genus Elachistocleis Parker, 1927 currently comprises 13 species, not considering E. ovalis (Schneider, 1799) (see Caramaschi 2010). This genus occurs in Central America and most of South America, from Panama to Argentina, including Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Brazil (Frost 2011; Nunes-de-Almeida & Toledo 2012). Elachistocleis helianneae Caramaschi, 2010 was described from Humaitá, state of Amazonas, and occurs in northern Brazil, in the states of Amazonas, Pará and Rondônia, and in Bolivia, in the departments of Beni and Santa Cruz (Caramaschi 2010).
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Rooney-Latham, S., C. L. Blomquist, D. G. Fogle, and E. G. Simmons. "First Report of Embellisia hyacinthi Causing a Leaf Spot and Bulb Skin Spot Disease on Scilla peruviana in California." Plant Disease 95, no. 3 (March 2011): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-10-0845.
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The genus Scilla (Hyacinthaceae) includes more than 50 species of perennial, flowering bulbs grown in landscapes worldwide. In December 2000 and May 2009, an unknown leaf spot disease on Scilla peruviana was submitted to the California Department of Food and Agriculture Plant Pest Diagnostic Lab. Samples were collected during routine phytosanitary inspections of production fields in Santa Cruz County in 2000 and Monterey County in 2009. The disease was detected before plants flowered in one field at each location each year and appeared to have a scattered distribution. Foliar spots were large, elliptical to oblong with grayish black centers and brown margins. Yellow halos surrounded many of the spots. Examination of the bulb material revealed small necrotic patches on the outer bulb scales. A rapidly growing fungus was isolated on one-half-strength acidified potato dextrose agar (APDA) from the sporulating leaf spots and necrotic patches on the bulbs. The colonies were greenish gray and became dark olivaceous with age. Dictyospores, which formed on simple to branched, geniculate conidiophores, were oblong, fusiform or obclavate and usually had a triangular apical cell. They were initially hyaline, turning olivaceous brown with age. Conidia measured 14 to 39 × 8 to 13 μm (average 24.6 × 9.9 μm) typically with two to four (but up to seven) thick, transverse septa and one to two longitudinal septa. Morphologically, the fungus matched the description of Embellisia hyacinthi de Hoog & Miller (1,3). To confirm pathogenicity, four leaves of four S. peruviana plants were inoculated by taking colonized mycelial plugs from 2-week-old cultures and placing them in a plastic screw-cap lid filled with sterile water. The water plus mycelial plug suspension in the lid was then clipped to the adaxial side of a pushpin-wounded leaf (4). Plants were placed in a dark dew chamber at 20°C for 48 h and then moved to a growth chamber at 20°C with a 12-h photoperiod. After 48 h, the clips, caps, and plugs were removed. An equal number of control plants were wounded and mock inoculated with noncolonized APDA agar plugs and the experiment was repeated. Leaf lesions were visible 3 days after clip removal and expanded to an average of 26 × 10 mm, 14 days after inoculation. Sporulation was observed in the lesions after 5 to 7 days and the fungus was isolated from all inoculated leaves. No symptoms developed on the control leaves. DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of the isolate (GenBank Accession No. HQ425562) using primers ITS1 and ITS4 matched the identity of E. hyacinthi (2,4). E. hyacinthi has been reported as a foliar and bulb pathogen on Hyacinthus, Freesia, and Scilla in Japan and Europe including Great Britain. Bulbs infected with E. hyacinthi are generally less sound and less valuable than noninfected bulbs (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the disease on S. peruviana in California. References: (1) G. S. de Hoog and P. J. Muller. Neth. J. Plant Pathol. 79:85, 1973. (2) B. Pryor and D. M. Bigelow. Mycologia 95:1141, 2003. (3) E. Simmons. Mycotaxon 17:216, 1983. (4) L. E. Yakabe et al. Plant Dis. 93:883, 2009.
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Beksac, Meral, Ender Soydan, Selami Kocak Toprak, Merih Kizil, Gulsah Kaygusuz, and Isinsu Kuzu. "Marrow Plasma Cell Immunohistochemical Expression Profiles of Cyclins (A, D1, D2, D3), Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitors (p16, p21) and Ki67: Predictors of Survival in Patients with Multiple Myeloma." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 5117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.5117.5117.
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Abstract Background: Recently Bergsagel et al have published a hierarchical model of myeloma evolution based on cytogenetics and Cyclin (Cy) profiles. Previously we had reported flow cytometric expression profiles of these Cy and CDKI’s in unsorted marrow samples (Blood98 (11): 4230,2001) but had not been able to detect the parallelism between Cy-CDKI’s which we observed in the normals in the myeloma patients. Aim: Here in this study we aimed to analyze the same Cy and CDKI’s in marrow plasma cells by multiparameter immunocytochemistry and to evaluate the association with clinical parameters and impact on survival. Patients and methods: Fourty five myeloma patients diagnosed in our department between 1998–2004, aged 57(33–79), M/F:29/16 whose bone marrow biopsy specimens could be retrieved were included in the analysis. All patients were treated with VAD or MP as first line treatment. Staining was performed using monoclonal antibodies: Cyclins A, D1, p16, p21 (LabVision), Cy D3(DAKO) and Cy D2 (Santa Cruz) with Zymed ABC Px Kit manualy or Ventana Benchmark automated immunostainer for secondary visualization. Results were reported as positive (equal or more than 20% of plasma cells) or negative (less than 20%). Results: expression results are: p16: 8/45, Cy D1: 10/45, Cy D2: 16/44, Cy D3: 3/45, Cy D(D1 or D2 or D3): 27/45, CyA:7/45, p21:7/43. Cyclins and their inhibitors were found to be expressed in different combinations by plasma cells. A decreased expression of Cy A or D and a relevant CDKI’s increased expression was evaluated as a low proliferative situation (P min). P min was observed 5/45 of the patients, resulted with 80% overall response and 100% survival at 5 years. On the contrary P max patients (high Cy and low CDKI expressing) were observed more frequently(19/45). 10/19 of these patients responded and performed 57% survival. P max and P intermediate patients(any combinations other than P min and P max) responded (7/17) and survived similarly. Figure Figure Prognostic factors such as age, B2MG and CRP were similar between P min, P max or P intermediate groups. Cy-CDKI patterns were associated with bone disease: P max patients had bone lesions more frequently (11/14) whereas P min patients had none( p=0.008). When we analyzed the role of Cy D1 as a prognostic factor on survival (OS), OS at 5 years was 80 vs 49% (p=0.85). Similar analysis for Cy D2 was:72 vs 35%(p= 0.04). Among the Cy D2 positive patients, presence of Ki67 was an adverse factor on 5 year OS: 50 vs 75% (p=0.01) but p16 did not show an impact. Multivariate analysis results will be presented later. Conclusion: Our results show that combining Cy and CDKI expression profiles compared to analysis with only Cy or CDKI, gives better information about the proliferative status and survival. The role of bone disease as a prognostic factor but not it’s association with cell cycle regulators have been shown before.
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ENTIAUSPE-NETO, OMAR M., and DANIEL LOEBMANN. "Taxonomic status of Chironius laurenti Dixon, Wiest & Cei, 1993 and of the long-forgotten Chironius dixoni Wiest, 1978 (Squamata, Serpentes)." Bionomina 16, no. 1 (December 2, 2019): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.16.1.4.
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The neotropical colubrid snake genus Chironius Fitzinger, 1826 comprises 22 species, distributed from Central America, at Honduras, to South America, in Uruguay and Argentina (Dixon et al. 1993; Hamdan & Fernandes 2015); this genus is diagnosed by the presence of 10–12 dorsal scale rows and hemipenis with single lobe and sulcus, centrally spinous, distally calyculate, acapitate and with a proximal naked pocket (Dixon et al. 1993). Chironius laurenti Dixon, Wiest & Cei, 1993 is a large sized colubrid, distributed in Bolivia, at departments of Beni, Cochabamba and Santa Cruz, and in Brazil, in Acre, Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul (Dixon et al. 1993; Miranda et al. 2014; Ferreira et al. 2017).
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Tebbitt, M. C., A. R. Andrada, E. Bulacio, G. A. Parada, and H. Ayarde. "AN INFRASPECIFIC TAXONOMIC REVISION OF BEGONIA MICRANTHERA (BEGONIACEAE)." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 75, no. 2 (April 2, 2018): 227–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428618000070.
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Two new infraspecific taxa of Begonia micranthera Griseb. are described. Begonia micranthera subsp. albonervia Tebbitt is described and illustrated as a new subspecies native to the Andes of southern Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba and Santa Cruz Departments). Begonia micranthera subsp. micranthera var. flava Andrada & Bulacio is newly described from Argentina's Jujuy Province. Begonia micranthera var. rhacophylla Irmsch. is raised to subspecies and newly recorded from Bolivia. Begonia micranthera var. hieronymi (Lindau) L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub. is recognised as B. micranthera subsp. rhacophylla var. hieronymi (Lindau) L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub. The type collection of Begonia micranthera var. foliosa L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub. is newly recognised as a hybrid between B. micranthera Griseb. subsp. micranthera and B. micranthera subsp. rhacophylla (Irmsch.) Tebbitt. Begonia micranthera var. fimbriata L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub. is newly synonymised with B. cinnabarina Hook. Begonia cinnabarina is newly recognised from Argentina and is lectotypified. Begonia micranthera subsp. micranthera var. nana L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub. is also lectotypified. A key, diagnoses and illustrations are provided for all the recognised infraspecific taxa of Begonia micranthera.
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Gómez Cardozo, Ernesto, Guillaume Xavier Rousseau, Danielle Celentano, Heriberto Fariñas Salazar, and Christoph Gehring. "Efecto de la riqueza de especies y la estructura de la vegetación en el almacenamiento de carbono en sistemas agroforestales en la Amazonía sur de Bolivia." Revista de Biología Tropical 66, no. 4 (August 31, 2018): 1481. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v66i4.32489.
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Diverse agroforestry systems conciliate food production, biodiversity conservation, and the provision of ecosystem services as atmospheric carbon sequestration. However, the role of floristic richness in the production of biomass in these systems is not clear. This study evaluated the effect of species richness and vegetation structure on aboveground biomass carbon in different agroforestry systems in the Southern Amazon of Bolivia. For that, 25 agroforestry systems and 4 secondary forests were studied in the departments of Santa Cruz and Beni. In each system, a 1 963 m2 circular plot was installed, where the vegetation (trees, shrubs and herbaceous) and necromass (leaf litter, branches and dead trees) were sampled. Linear and logarithmic functions were used to evaluate the effect of vegetation richness and structure on carbon, and the variance partition was used to examine the pure and shared effect of the richness and vegetation structure variables on carbon. Regressions showed a positive strong relationship between species richness and carbon (r2 = 0.74; P < 0.001). The partition of carbon variance showed that richness, structure and variation of the structure explained 85.7 %. Alone the richness explained 12.7 %, the structure 8.8 % and the variation of the structure 4.8 %. These results confirm that carbon in the aboveground biomass increases with species richness and structural variation of the vegetation. Therefore, more biodiverse and stratified agroforestry systems are more efficient in the use of resources and can contribute with climate change mitigation.
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Sanchez, Leny, Louisa A. Messenger, Tapan Bhattacharyya, Robert H. Gilman, Holger Mayta, Rony Colanzi, Ricardo Bozo, Manuela Verástegui, Michael A. Miles, and Caryn Bern. "Congenital Chagas disease in Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia, is dominated by Trypanosoma cruzi lineage V." Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, June 16, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trab089.
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Abstract Background This study identified Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units (DTUs) in maternal and infant specimens collected from two hospitals in Bolivia, using conventional genotyping and DTU-specific serotyping. Methods Specimens from 142 mothers were used, including 24 seronegative and 118 seropositive individuals; 29 women transmitted T. cruzi to their infants. Maternal and infant parasite loads were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Maternal sera were tested with an in-house parasite lysate ELISA and serotyped by a lineage-specific peptide ELISA, targeting the trypomastigote small surface antigen (TSSA). Trypanosoma cruzi genotypes in infected infants were determined by a triple PCR-RFLP assay. Results All infant specimens were genotyped as TcV. Maternal parasite loads and absorbance values by the lysate ELISA were significantly higher for transmitters compared with non-transmitters. Among seropositive mothers, 65.3% had positive results by the TSSA II/V/VI peptide ELISA. No significant difference in reactivity to TSSA II/V/VI was observed for transmitters compared with non-transmitters (79.3% vs 60.7%, respectively). Conclusions Our findings reinforce the difficulty in obtaining sufficient sample numbers and parasite DNA to investigate the interaction between parasite genetics and the risk of congenital transmission and argue for the inclusion of DTU-specific serotyping in prospective studies.
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"Commentary: Elitism and Discrimination within Anthropology." Practicing Anthropology 17, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1995): 42–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.17.1-2.l043025073n0mp05.
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This commentary column summarizes some of the remarks and observations made at the 1993 Society for Applied Anthropology meeting in San Antonio in a panel discussion titled "Elitism and Discrimination within Anthropology." The panelists were Joan Cassell (Research Associate, Washington University), Merrill Singer (Research Director of the Hispanic Health Council, Hartford, Connecticut), Barbara Johnston (The Center for Political Ecology, Santa Cruz, California), and Anthony Paredes (Department of Anthropology, Florida State University). Additional comments were solicited for this column from several other anthropologists occupying a variety of positions in the profession: Faye Harrison (Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville), Nathaniel Tashima and Cathleen Crain (LTG Associates, Silver Spring, Maryland, and Turlock, California), Laura Nader (Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley), and Estellie Smith (Department of Anthropology, State University of New York, Oswego).
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Lim, Michael, Emily Kajita, and Bessie Hwang. "Evaluation of Syndromic Surveillance in Detecting Hepatitis A in Los Angeles County." Online Journal of Public Health Informatics 10, no. 1 (May 22, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v10i1.8893.
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ObjectiveTo create a hepatitis A virus (HAV) syndrome category with which to monitor emergency department (ED) visits for situational awareness during a currently emerging Hepatitis A community outbreak in Los Angeles County (LAC), and to evaluate its usefulness.IntroductionIn early 2017, HAV outbreaks were identified in San Diego County (490 cases)1 and Santa Cruz County (73 cases)2 in California, affecting primarily the homeless and/or illicit drug users. As of October 10, 2017, LAC had identified 12 outbreak-related HAV cases. Due to LAC’s proximity to San Diego County, and its own large homeless population, the syndromic surveillance team of the LAC Department of Public Health created a syndrome category and began querying its ED data to monitor for any increase in HAV-related visits.MethodsED data from 1/1/2017 to 10/10/2017 (CDC weeks 1-41) from all participating syndromic EDs in LAC were queried for patients who reported symptoms and signs of HAV. For comparison, ED data from calendar year 2016 was also queried. The query consisted of key word searches primarily within the chief complaint field, and, if available, the diagnosis and triage note fields. Based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) clinical description of hepatitis A3, the HAV syndrome category was defined as: Jaundice (or elevated liver function tests) AND nausea or vomiting. Any ED visit that mentioned a diagnosis of hepatitis A also met the syndrome criteria. The resulting line lists were reviewed, and the query was periodically refined to exclude visits unrelated to hepatitis A (e.g., previous history of or vaccination for hepatitis A, other forms of hepatitis, and neonatal jaundice). The syndromic system was also queried for records that matched the 12 LAC cases by hospital and admission date. In addition, the chief complaint, diagnosis, and triage note fields were reviewed for any mention of homelessness or intravenous drug use.ResultsThe syndromic system detected 158 ED patients meeting the HAV syndrome category criteria. Of these, 12.7% had a diagnosis of HAV, 53.8% had jaundice, 36.7% had elevated liver enzymes, 65.2% had nausea, and 65.8% had vomiting. In 2016, 170 ED patients who met the syndrome criteria were detected: 8.2% had a diagnosis of HAV, 64.1% had jaundice, 32.4% had elevated liver enzymes, 63.5% had nausea, and 71.2% had vomiting. In both years, no indications of homelessness or IDU were found.Of the 12 LAC confirmed HAV outbreak-related cases, three did not go to a hospital, and thus did not have any syndromic data. Two went to non-participating syndromic EDs, but medical chart review showed that they would not have met the syndrome criteria. Of the remaining seven, all went to a participating syndromic ED, and three met the syndrome criteria, but none had any mention of homelessness or IDU.ConclusionsNo major change was seen in the trend of HAV syndrome visits in 2017 compared to 2016 (Figure 1). One of the challenges in monitoring HAV incidence is that the clinical signs and symptoms are very general, and may be shared with many other conditions. An emerging outbreak may not be detected above background levels unless the increase in ED patients with HAV is large, or consolidated over time. Variability in data quality in the free text fields such as chief complaint and triage notes may be problematic. Cases will be missed if data fields are not fully and accurately documented, and also if patients didn’t go to a participating syndromic hospital, or to a hospital at all. Though many syndromic hospitals now report diagnosis information, such information may be delayed, waiting for lab results. Using a stricter syndrome definition, such as requiring a specific diagnosis of HAV, may result in underreporting, but may provide a more accurate baseline for detecting increases and monitoring trends.While the query relied primarily on ED chief complaint, diagnosis and triage notes also proved useful in detecting HAV syndrome visits. None of the confirmed HAV cases that were known to be homeless had any mention of homelessness. The lack of any records indicating homelessness or IDU may indicate that these conditions are not currently reliably captured in the syndromic extract of ED patient records.LAC will continue to monitor for increases in HAV syndrome ED visits as a surrogate measure of HAV spread in the community. Syndromic surveillance, despite its limitations, remains a valuable complement to electronic lab reporting and other traditional reporting mechanisms.References1. San Diego Hepatitis A Outbreak, 2017 [Internet]. San Diego, CA: San Diego County Health & Human Services Agency [cited 2017 Sep 21]. Available from: http://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/sdc/hhsa/programs/phs/community_epidemiology/dc/Hepatitis_A.html2. Santa Cruz Hepatitis A, 2017 [Internet]. Santa Cruz, CA: County of Santa Cruz Health Services Agency [cited 2017 Sep 21]. Available from: http://www.santacruzhealth.org/HSAHome/HSADivisions/PublicHealth/CommunicableDiseaseControl/HepatitisA.aspx3. Hepatitis A, Acute 2012 Case Definition [Internet]. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System [cited 2017 Sep 21]. Available from:https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/conditions/hepatitis-a-acute/case-definition/2012/
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Castro-Sesquen, Yagahira E., Freddy Tinajeros, Caryn Bern, Gerson Galdos-Cardenas, Edith S. Malaga, Edward Valencia Ayala, Kathryn Hjerrild, et al. "The Immunoglobulin M-Shed Acute Phase Antigen (SAPA)-test for the Early Diagnosis of Congenital Chagas Disease in the Time of the Elimination Goal of Mother-to-Child Transmission." Clinical Infectious Diseases, July 15, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa986.
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Abstract Background Diagnosis of congenital Chagas disease (CChD) in most endemic areas is based on low-sensitive microscopy at birth and 9-month immunoglobulin G (IgG), which has poor adherence. We aim to evaluate the accuracy of the Immunoglobulin M (IgM)-Shed Acute Phase Antigen (SAPA) test in the diagnosis of CChD at birth. Methods Two cohort studies (training and validation cohorts) were conducted in 3 hospitals in the department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Pregnant women were screened for Chagas disease, and all infants born to seropositive mothers were followed for up to 9 months to diagnose CChD. A composite reference standard was used to determine congenital infection and was based on the parallel use of microscopy, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and IgM–trypomastigote excreted-secreted antigen (TESA) blot at birth and/or 1 month, and/or the detection of anti–Trypanosoma cruzi IgG at 6 or 9 months. The diagnostic accuracy of the IgM-SAPA test was calculated at birth against the composite reference standard. Results Adherence to the 6- or 9-month follow-up ranged from 25.3% to 59.7%. Most cases of CChD (training and validation cohort: 76.5% and 83.7%, respectively) were detected during the first month of life using the combination of microscopy, qPCR, and/or IgM-TESA blot. Results from the validation cohort showed that when only 1 infant sample obtained at birth was evaluated, the qPCR and the IgM-SAPA test have similar accuracy (sensitivity: range, 79.1%–97.1% and 76.7%–94.3%, respectively, and specificity: 99.5% and 92.6%, respectively). Conclusions The IgM-SAPA test has the potential to be implemented as an early diagnostic tool in areas that currently rely only on microscopy.