Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Santé – Aspect social – Tchad'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Santé – Aspect social – Tchad.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Donnat, Marianne. "Espaces pastoral, médical et sanitaire : le recours aux soins en zone sahélienne : le cas des communautés arabes Juhayna et dazagara du Bahr-el-Ghazal, au Tchad." Montpellier 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON30028.
Full textIs the health care system which is available today in the Sahel adapted to the needs of nomadic people? The current use of health facilities by pastoral people reveals specific choices and strategies that are analyzed here with the tools of Health Geography. The study shows the assets but also the disconnections between the pastoral space, the health supply space and the health demand space, with the case-studies among arabic and dazagara communities in western Chad. It suggests practical solutions to encourage a health policy that takes more nomadic people needs into account
Debos, Marielle. "Des combattants entre deux guerres : sociologie politique du métier des armes au Tchad." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0037.
Full textHow does bearing arms become a regular form of expressing contestation and a way of life? Based on ten months of fieldwork carriedout in Chad, the objective of my dissertation research has been to understand why and how arms-bearing has become a craft practicedby soldiers, rebels, and road bandits. The boundaries among these statuses are blurred, such that they can be held alternately or simultaneously by a single individual. This thesis analyses as a craft the activities carried out by individuals, who live from the gun and who have learned and developed specific sets of knowledge and practical expertise, as well as modes of justification regarding war and violent extortion. My approach aims to situate conflicts within broader temporalities to understand what is at stake beyond times and spaces of war. First, I show that the craft of arms has been a social institution over the past century because it is linked not only to warbut also to a political economy and a mode of government, which are characterized by violence. Second, I argue that this craft isregulated by rules and boundaries: while the statuses of individuals are fluid, the military sphere itself is structured by powerful social and political hierarchies. Third, I reflect on how a paradoxically non-disciplinary army and a state shaped by a violent historical trajectory are governed. The political sociology of the craft of arms shows that patterns which are not directly linked to war are crucial to analyze conflicts and post-conflict situations
Anǧaya, ʿUṯmān. "Socioanthropologie de la santé au Sénégal : l'accès aux soins de santé des populations rurales des régions de Louga et Matam ("zone du Ferlo")." Perpignan, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PERP1067.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the practical implementation of knowledge in the context of access to medical care in Senegal and particularly in the area of "Ferlo”. It is a socio anthropological investigation registered under the scientific research study that aims to achieve an ethnography of public health problems in the "Ferlo" and more specifically the population of that area’s access to health institutions. Our research question is: how to understand and analyze the problems of health care accessibility in Senegal and more specifically in the area of "Ferlo"? It is through examples of regions such as Louga and Matam that our study of the conditions of people’s accessibility to health care is mostly based on. We analyzed the geographical, economical, and sociocultural factors related to the effectiveness of care that determines the health capital of these populations. It appears that the "Ferlo" is a deserted area as far as health infrastructures are concerned, which explains the high rate of morbidity and mortality among vulnerable populations including women and children. Apart from that health theme, we also interested in a comparison of living conditions and access to basic social services among urban and rural populations. It comes out from our research study that rural poverty is mainly due to low incomes, basic social services coverage problems, access to credit, water access etc. This study aims also at analyzing the material living conditions inequalities impact on populations’ health status and at identifying possible strategies implemented by families to alleviate the impact of a hostile environment on the health of their offspring. We also interested in the use of different treatment practices. These practices are discussed in the context of knowledge (traditional, popular, medical. . . ), relationships and social roles of which they are part and parcel. It is recognized that risk-sharing community systems, like the pre-financing for future use of health services, are competent to improve equal access to healthcare for rural populations. Our results record a single health insurance scheme in the "Ferlo”, which raises a real problem of management of health benefits costs. This study systematically reviews the methods and strategies developed by the population of the "Ferlo" to support health services costs and medicines. Solidarity is one such strategy. It exists as a self-help and financial support between family members and the community
Fernandez, Guillaume. "Famille et santé : analyse de l'activité de santé dans la vie quotidienne des femmes." Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20060.
Full textAbstract. The sociological study of the activity of health of the women in the family makes necessary to emancipate from finalist presupposition often introduced to characterize these practices. The hypothesis of this research is as follow : the women produce a specific form of activity of health integrated in logics of everyday life which, without being finalized a priori for health, direct and control the dynamic of life of family. First statistical data (N = 195) shows three groups of women ; each one of them has a specific way of control of their family life and health. A first group, of lower-class women, is more often in situation where the familial incorporated pattern does not constitute an operational model regarding the situation experienced. A second group of women belonging to the rich class, acts in situations where the group's dynamic of life is formulated in a more consensual way, within an internal or external frame concerning the family. Finally, a third group characterized of diversified social profiles is engaged in a familial relational process by which the women reformulate in a recurring way, a dynamic of life less standardized and less integrated. Subsequently, a corpus of interviews (N = 41) makes it possible to locate these types of activities in biographical courses and to understand the relationship which these people builds between the activities of the everyday life and health. This reveals that the integration of family's way of life in a social frame, which provides norms and rules valid of life, and the insertion of women in a social role conformed to this frame, are the two dimensions, by which a control of group's dynamics of life and health is formulated
Azougli, Smaïl. "Système de santé en Algérie et perceptions de l'institution médicale dans deux quartiers d'Alger." Paris, EHESS, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988EHES0055.
Full textVisier, Laurent. "Expérience infirmière et rapports sociaux à l'hôpital : contribution à une sociologie de la santé." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0028.
Full textThis theses is a reflection on the sociology of health and hospital from the nurses case. In the first part, a critical historical reading of sociology,is made, from the foundings texts of t. Parsons in the fifties to major present-day contributions dominated by interactionist analyses and sociology of organizations. In the second part, the nursing profession is presented diachronically and synchronically. Three coexisting figures are brought out : the "nun", dominated by religion, the "domestic" by science and technology through the doctor figure, and the industrial worker by a bureaucratic organization. Using the method of "sociological intervention" worked out by a. Touraine, the third part looks into the nursing experience from the relationships with other hospital workers and patients. Contradictory demands managed by the nurses appear to be at the heart of this experience in pieces, while the analysis of the nurses' mobilization still renforces the seeling of an identity crisis in the profession. The conclusion goes back to the sociology of health which touches on the question of the evolution of the health car system from a call to consider the pathient as a subject
Euillet, Alexandra. "Le statut juridique des associations du secteur sanitaire, social et médico-social à but non lucratif : la notion d'utilité sociale." Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUED001.
Full textFassin, Didier. "Thérapeutes et malades dans la ville africaine : rapports sociaux, urbanisation et santé à Pikine, banlieue de Dakar." Paris, EHESS, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988EHES0015.
Full textThe means that society implements to interpret, combat and prevent disease involve social representations and practises beyond biologic disorders of the body. For this reason, the study of the social relationships structuring the therapeutic relation and of the social actors involved, in the suburbs of dakar, enables to more generally understand the urban phenomenon in africa. From a sociological analysis (on a theme and field usually studied by medical anthropologists and urban anthropologists), the purpose is to shift the objects of the research from disease to health and from city to urbanization, i. E. , on the one hand, to look for the social and political stakes in the different fields where health is concerned and, on the other hand, to change the urban problematic form a spatial frame - the city - to a social context - the social relations which make urbanization. In order to demonstrate the complexity and hete- rogeneity of the urban society, the methodological approach has been varied, combining quantitative and qualitative studies, dealing with urban quarters and social networks, going back to the village, ending to an intentionnally fragmented description of the city. At the conclusion of this work, a new phenome- non appears through which african social realities are better understood : health appears as a market (in the weberian meaning), i. E. A socialized space where goods and services are exchanged between agents who belong to different fields (political, religious and of course medical) with distinct logics (which explains the constant readjustments which has health as a stake). This health market characterized by struggles for power and unequalities in front of disease has been studied in order to better analyze this process of social change which we called urbanization and in which the city is only the dominant focus
Antoinette, Nicolle. "L'analyse socio-économique de la santé dans les pays sous-développés : le cas de la Guyane." Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR1D304.
Full textToe, Pare Léa Mélanie Désirée. "La prévention de la maladie, une construction sociale de l'anticipation : analyse de la hiérarchisation des pratiques d'anticipation dans des ménages à l'ouest du Burkina Faso." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10015.
Full textDavid, Marion. "Penser le fait prostitutionnel : Enjeux moraux et politiques de la question sanitaire dans le traitement sociétal d'une activité stigmatisée." Nantes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NANT3005.
Full textEl, Yousri Laaziza. "Essai d'approche socio-économique du système de santé au Maroc." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR1D309.
Full textIn morocco, the health policy enforced since the independence has been based essentially on the curative hospital sector, the preven tive policy having been complety neglected. However, two fondamental reasons allow us to affirm that such a strategy is not viable in long run. First of all, the small proportion of the population cared for du to the concentration of hospitals in few urban center their failur to adjust to the prevailing pathology. Secondly the incapacity of the state to cover the running costs of modern hospitals. In order ro remedy this situation the plan (1981-1985) provides for a cut in hospital building and the adoption of a policy based on a broad definition of health ( the primary health care). Taken this way, the health system would lead to a better adjustment to supply and demand of health care. Howewer the ambitions ojectives of the plan (1981-1985) have not yet given rise to measu-rable complete results. It is therefore advisable to look at matterns relatively and not to pass hasty judment on a system which will have measurable effects only in few years
Proulx, Ketsia. "Alphabétisation et santé : perspectives de personnes ayant complété une démarche d'alphabétisation dans la région de Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40077.
Full textThis master's project attempted to better understand the health-related changes occurring as a result of the experience of a literacy process, from the perspectives of learners who attended either of two community-based literacy groups in Quebec City. We sought not only to identify health outcomes in learners, but also to document the mechanisms explaining health-related changes, in order to identify elements of literacy processes which contribute to improve health. A qualitative study design was used, more specifically a narrative approach. Eleven semi-structured individual interviews, as well as two group interviews, were conducted with learners and ex-learners. Analysis of the data revealed a wide range of health-related effects of community literacy. Learners develop various skills that empower them to take greater control of their health. This is reflected in certain changes in their health behaviors, but also in more collective actions in line with health promotion. Our results also reveal that learners thrive through their literacy processes and develop a greater sense of well-being. Literacy allows them to realize themselves, build a social network and improve their self-image. Elements of the organizational culture of the community-based literacy groups stand out as contributing to improve the health of learners, including the collective approach, the non-judgment and respect, the power and space for expression that they have, as well as the opportunities which are offered to them to take action and experience success. Finally, the literacy practitioners seem to play a key role in improving the health of learners, because they embody the culture of community literacy and offer them listening and unwavering support tailored to their needs.
Bénamouzig, Daniel. "Essor et développement de l'économie de la santé en France." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040269.
Full textKrief, Nathalie. "Les pratiques stratégiques des organisations sanitaires et sociales de service public." Lyon 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO20052.
Full textSopadzhiyan, Alis. "La transformation du système de santé bulgare : la profession médicale comme acteur du changement." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1G044.
Full textThis research deals with the transformation of the Bulgarian health care system after the introduction of a health insurance system at the end of the 1990's. We investigate the crisis the system is going through and the processes that underlie it with the help of the research tools offered by the public policy analysis and the sociology of the professions. Our main argument is that, in order to better understand their stake and show their complexity, it is necessary to consider the role played by the medical profession in the genesis of this change. The analysis of both the supranational and national factors of change and the role of the professional actor in the genesis of the health care reform highlights its content, temporality and trajectory. It demonstrates that the action of a small medical elite that largely orchestrated the reform is allso a source of ambiguities. This puts into question the legitimacy of the actors created by the reform and conditions its implementation. The processes of de-legitimization and re-composition inside and outside the medical profession undermine its capacity for collective action and limit the redefinition of the interaction frameworks. But, behind their highly conflicting nature, these dynamics announce the acceptance of the new institutional rules. Moreover, the new actors of the health care system use the tools introduced by the reform to reinforce their re-legitimization strategies by transforming them into ressources for their action. Again, the medical profession is a key player in these dynamics because, despite its low internal cohesion, it manages to federate the emerging elites able to carry the next steps of change
Stransky, Sonia. "L'engagement de la microfinance dans le domaine de la santé : vers l'autonomie et la responsabilité de l'acteur dans le système mondialisé." Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090073.
Full textLessard, Stéphanie. "Les stratégies alimentaires santé développées et adoptées visant à favoriser de saines habitudes alimentaires : une analyse intergénérationnelle dans une perspective de santé publique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67743.
Full textThe current dietary context exposes individuals to a food supply that favours an obesogenic consumption environment, which is defined by the sum of the environmental influences of living conditions that contribute to obesity. This environment is coupled with an informational environment focused on food, nutrition and overall health. Faced with the diversity of information disclosed, individuals develop different mental representations of healthy eating, making their food choices more complex. As one of the main actors helping to improve the health of the population, public health responds to these divergent representations. It provides information on healthy eating and overall health through interventions that aim to educate, normalize and empower the population. In general, the range of information disseminated through different media and public health interventions has fostered the development of a positive attitude towards healthy eating. However, despite the favourable public opinion towards healthy habits, overweight and obesity rates remain high. Overweight problems are associated with individual eating practices that stem from the current dietary context. Studies highlight the need to increase the effectiveness of public health interventions to reduce these problems by 1) identifying the steps taken by individuals who are already active in their own overall health to achieve or maintain healthy eating behaviour, and 2) the in-depth segmentation of target groups within the population. Based on the conclusions of this research, we propose to study the healthy eating strategies developed and adopted to promote adherence to or maintenance of healthy behaviours, consistent with public health interventions. The strategies respond to the need to simplify dietary decisions. We also propose to study strategies based on the millennial’s generation, a target group that is particularly at risk of developing overweight problems, according to the latest data provided by Statistics Canada. Millennials are also influential because of their population density, digital expertise, emerging consumer power, and attitudes and values that differ from other generations. vi Understanding the healthy eating strategies developed and adopted by the millenial generation would be useful both in formulating and implementing public health interventions, and in developing the communication strategies of companies that specialize in providing food products with enhanced health value. Finally, our study is part of an objective to develop knowledge about healthy eating behaviours.
Hohmann, Sophie. "Santé et changement social en Ouzbékistan : recours thérapeutiques et politiques sanitaires." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0074.
Full textThis work aims at displaying continuities and discontinuities in terms of public health occuring in Uzbekistan, before and after the soviet period. A first link is established with ancestral health systems (Greek, Persian and Chinese) in the pre-colonial period. Modern medecine in brought in with the Russian colonization at the end of the 19th century. Then the creation of the Soviet Union brings a uniform system of public health, wich however will reveal its limits. The analysis of the contemporary period focuses on the relationships between traditional and modern medecine, using both in-depth knowledge and interviews of health actors and quantitative data. It shows the complex evolutions occuring in this period of intense social and political changes, symbolized by the recent legitimization of the physicians-tabibs
El, Gour Khadija. "Communication de masse et représentations sociales : étude de la réception et des effets persuasifs des messages d'éducation pour la santé au Maroc." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070057.
Full textThis study analyses the diffusion and reception of health education messages in morocco and their persuasive effect on the population, uisng as examples national public service campaigns promoting vaccination, family planning and education to combat diarrhea. Following an introduction which presents working theories on the question of mass communication and its effect on individual behavior and opinions, the first and second chapters of this study present an historic overview of the structural organization and policies of the public health service of morocco and its programs of health education before, during and after the protectorat (1912). The third and fourth chapters are consecrated to an analysis of interviews held with a sample group of moroccan women from a wide range of socio-economic groups (rural urban; young old; educated uneducated; old poor) in order to assess their levels of access to the educational messages and to gather their reactions to these messages. The final chapter of this worl is devoted to a study of the actual sanitary practices of the population with regard to the themes which constitute the objectives of the health education messages and to an analysis of the foundations of these practices
Beaulière, Arnousse. "Pauvreté et santé en Haïti." Bordeaux 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR40002.
Full textBélanger-Gravel, Ariane. "Les déterminants de l'intention de pratiquer régulièrement des activités physiques chez les élèves de cinquième année du primaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23896/23896.pdf.
Full textBasse, Patrick. "Projet d'établissement, cadre de santé et communications de travail à l'hôpital : de l'écriture des projets d'établissement aux modifications identitaires des cadres de santé." Lille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIL30041.
Full textGuers-Guilhot, Joe͏̈lle. "Alternatives en psychiatrie : de l'histoire à l'évaluation : six "secteurs" dans la Loire." Lyon 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO33005.
Full textCarael, M. "Population et santé en Afrique centrale: contribution à l'étude des déterminants sociaux de la fécondité et de l'infection au virus de l'immunodéficience humaine." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212882.
Full textFathallah, Zeina. "Travail moral et construction de réseaux autour de l'avortement : santé et sexualité des femmes au Liban." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0029.
Full textThesis analyses the practice of abortion in Lebanon. We explore how women live this experience and a space of autonomy in a clandestine context. We examine as weIl the experiences of other actors physicians, midwives, pharmacists and allies) mobilized around abortion. We analyze the space of and decision-making of actors in a situation of conflict and the manner of building moral work in situation. This moral work tackles issues of sexuality, parenthood, norms, deviance and networks that build up around this hardship. We demonstrate that abortion is not merely an isolated individual medical act. It is not a private matter but it related to a dense social process that goes beyond various communities and social categories. It is an orderly and regular process in which medical institutions are integrated. There is a thick network centered ultimately on controlling the body of the woman. This network is clandestine and tolerated. It reveals itself when woman encounters the problem
Lecimbre-Bosca, Edith. "Contribution à l'adaptation des demandes de formation des enseignants aux problèmes de santé au Niger." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081187.
Full textThe present educational models for the initial and permanent training of health care personnel are not fit for the nigerian medical reality. The current practice of teaching in the national schools of public health and the related concept of health care are centred on curative medicine to the detriment of medical prevention, promotion and education. The training claims turn on social recognition and changing of financial status and they are deemed to be the necessary safety valve for a professional life that be more valuable from the social point of view. This research about the training claims tends to institute a modular approach in schools which will enable the teachers to get involved and actively participate in the performance of teaching modules that are fitter, more appropriate and turned on the medical problems of niger
Jones, Cindy. "Le développement du soutien social par les groupes de cuisine collective comme stratégie de promotion de la santé mentale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34972.
Full textSince the last decades, collective kitchens are a phenomenon that has developed rapidly in the province of Quebec. They are a response to the limitations of traditional food aid services, more « assistance-based approaches », by working on developing the potential of individuals and communities in food security. Collective kitchen have become a way of intervention that goes well beyond food support. We hypothesized that collective kitchens have the potential to promote positive mental health, the psychological well-being of individuals through improved social support and at the same time improved health protective factors. This qualitative research focuses on the perception of participants in collective kitchens groups on the psychosocial effects of kitchens. This research also studies the factors facilitating the emergence of support dynamics in the collective kitchen groups. Two methods of data collection were used: the semi-structured interview with members of collective kitchens and the observation of five cooking groups. The results show that for a large majority of members the motivation to engage is a desire to reduce the social isolation in which they live. Overall, the collective kitchens favor social interaction, experience sharing, mutual aid, autonomy and self-esteem. However, the emergence of support dynamics is influenced by several factors: the role of group facilitator, the group climate, the sense of belonging and the group structure. The results show that by developing participants' personal and social skills, kitchen groups are an effective measure in promoting mental health. We suggest a variety of practice interventions to promote positive outcomes for participants. One of the suggestions is that social interactions between members should be strongly encouraged and promoted through moments of sharing in kitchens.
Romero, Chica Liliana Nelsy. "Effets de la double exposition à des contraintes psychosociales au travail et à des responsabilités familiales élevées sur l'obésité abdominale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29739/29739.pdf.
Full textPhilippe, Christian. "Éducation à la santé à l'école : processus de réflexivité, conformité et convenance dans les projets de médiation sanitaire en milieu scolaire." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21190.
Full textThe school system has clearly asserted for more than a century that one of its goals is health education. General hygiene practised at school is one of the pillars of this principle and it has contributed to de-medicalize prevention. In the 90s, plans of promotion (CES then CESC) were put into place and modified health practice, whose namely those called “projets santé” whose goals are to make teenagers play a part in prevention. This study is aimed at understanding the local or global effects on the school system and on socialising stakes. Thus strategies and renewed relations appear in the school frame analysis, which liberate from invisible places and call up competencies and new methods of individualization. They ensure a reflexive and concrete action of the pupils on the system and on their own lives. They also ensure an educational feedback on the system, by developing skills (language, affectivity, body. . . ) which are not taught. This feedback, this form of reflexiveness, we call it “l'inversion éducative”. It creates an interaction between a strict accordance (to the system) and a more individualized convenience. But this rebellious aspect ensures a deliberate evolution of school, as an answer to the social commands namely issues for security. Even though there is a misunderstanding about the goal, health education rather unexpectedly leads to socialization and social integration of young pupils Particularly those of the middle class or those for whom academic success is not apt to produce the conditions of social success. In that respect “l'inversion educative” can be considered as one possible peripheral answer to the difficulties of the “college unique”. It also contradicts all the psycho-sociologic theories about high risk behaviour during the teenage years and about the proclaimed desocialization of young people. Its shows the normative tension of health practices. Health thus creates social links
Godefroy, Marie-Laure. "Corps sensibles, organes intelligibles : approches phénoménologiques du prélèvement et de la transplantation d'organes." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010649.
Full textOzorio, Lucia. "Les politiques participatives de santé : une analyse institutionnelle du Parque royal." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA081961.
Full textTubeuf, Sandy. "Une contribution à l'étude des inégalités de santé en France à travers des indicateurs de santé auto-évalués." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00288887.
Full textUn premier chapitre considère les indicateurs de santé couramment utilisés dans les travaux empiriques et revient sur le débat de l'utilisation de la santé auto-évaluée. Il souligne la pertinence des raffinements méthodologiques de la mesure de la santé proposés dans la littérature internationale jusqu'ici non appliqués à la France.
Un second chapitre propose une méthodologie originale de mesure de la santé. La construction s'appuie sur une donnée d'état de santé individuel jugée moins subjective, à savoir le nombre de maladies et leur degré de sévérité et considère des variables collectées classiquement dans les enquêtes sur la santé.
Un troisième chapitre décrit les outils de la dominance stochastique et les indices couramment utilisés dans l'analyse des inégalités dans un cadre appliqué à la santé.
Le quatrième chapitre procède à l'analyse des inégalités sociales de santé en France en 2004, puis au cours de la période 1998-2004. Il met en évidence des inégalités sociales de santé en faveur des groupes sociaux les plus élevés. Ces inégalités ont cependant diminué entre 1998 et 2004, du fait d'une plus faible élasticité de la santé avec le revenu et d'une diminution de l'inégale répartition du revenu au sein des groupes sociaux. De plus, l'analyse menée sur différentes mesures de santé met en évidence une influence sur l'amplitude des inégalités, du nombre de catégories de la variable discrète de santé et de la distribution de santé choisie pour la cardinaliser.
Le cinquième chapitre s'intéresse à l'influence sur l'état de santé à l'âge adulte, du milieu social d'origine et de la longévité relative des parents par rapport à leur cohorte de naissance en empruntant trois approches. La première approche met en évidence le fait que les distributions d'état de santé des personnes nées d'un père ou d'une mère appartenant aux catégories sociales supérieures dominent significativement celles des personnes ayant des parents issus de catégories sociales inférieures. L'approche paramétrique confirme un effet de la profession de chacun des parents sur l'état de santé à l'âge adulte. Elle montre, de plus, que l'état de santé dépend significativement de la longévité de chacun des parents. Enfin, l'approche par indices de concentration met en évidence une inégalité des chances de santé en faveur des individus dont les parents ont connu une forte longévité puis une inégalité de santé en faveur des individus issus de milieux plus favorisés. Le chapitre conclut alors qu'il existe des inégalités des chances en santé, en France..
Saint-Pol, Thibaut de. "Corpulence et genre en Europe : le poids des inégalités d'apparence et de santé." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0023.
Full textThis sociology thesis apprehends the body through weight, and more precisely, through the body mass index (BMI), which allows to appreciate the complexity of the connection between the weight of individuals and the social characteristics which distinguish them. The study of weight and body shape, which are socially determined, is a way of shedding light on the stakes that the body incarnates and conceals. This is done by making use of data from nine major quantitative surveys. This research shows the importance of gender in the apprehension of weight differences. Differences between social classes are stronger for women. The relation of women to their bodies and to thinness is more constrained than that of men, body shape reflecting mainly beauty for women and force for men. For the latter, under-weight, devalued, plays a symmetrical role to overweight for women. The study of the French situation within a European framework shows its singularity. The increasing prevalence of obesity is associated with an increase in social inequalities which particularly affects women. Besides, the link between obesity and poverty, in France, is stronger among them. But whatever their sex, obese people suffer from the consequences of their weight both in terms of health, work integration and self-perception. Women are more sensitive to the aesthetic dimension and men to the medical dimension, but these two aspects mix. Health inequalities are associated with inequalities in appearance and are both produced by and producing economic and social inequalities
Saib, Mahdi-Salim. "Construction d'une méthode de caractérisation des inégalités territoriales, environnementales et sociales de santé." Thesis, Amiens, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AMIE0003/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to explore spatial indicator crossing-analysis techniques in order to characterize the accumulation and the interrelations of the territorial, environmental and social health (TESHI).This analysis implies to set up integrated approaches based on data representativeness, techniques adapted to specificities of aggregated data, and relevant modeling of the characterized phenomena. A specific aspect of this work is the development of a tool allowing the integration of spatial phenomena at different levels (local, regional and loco-regional). In this project, a pilot study is presented on the Picardy region. The tool has been tested for the analysis of TESHI, thus validating the methodology feasibility and the adaptation of approaches implemented while providing additional keys of interpretation to the relative limits of direct appropriation of the results by the managers
Ngar-Odjilo, Marabe. "Voyages et voyageurs dans le bassin du Tchad : aux marges du tourisme." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961172.
Full textBonetti, Emmanuelle. "Comment le médicament façonne la maladie : le cas du traitement de l'impuissance et de l'hypercholestérolémie." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006IEPP0009.
Full textTherapeutics are an essential vector of the social framing of diseases. They participate of the discovery of pathological mechanisms. Therefore, the interactions that take place between clinicians, firms and health authorities frame diseases. In the first place, the development of drugs orientates the research's ways. In the second place, therapeutic modify the division of labour between medical specialities. In the third place, their prescription has an effect on the disease's prevalence
Caudroit, Johan. "Les déterminants psychologiques de l'engagement dans une activité physique : contribution à une extension des modèles sociocognitifs des comportements de santé." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA113002.
Full textPhysical activity is associated with many physical, psychological and social health benefits. However, only 42. 5% of French are engaged in a sufficient level of PA to induce health gains. Consequently, this dissertation focuses on the reasons why people engage or not engage in PA. The literature has mainly based on social cognition models to identify psychological processes underlying the adoption of health behaviors such as PA. However, these models do not integrate, in their original formulation, factors that could influence the variables that they define. Based on the HAPA (Schwarzer, 1992), this doctoral project aims to identify factors that could influence the patterns of PA prediction. It highlights that the patterns of PA prediction vary depending on chronological age and context of retirement (study 1). Subjective age contributes to self-efficacy and intentions to perform PA (study 2). Moreover, the participation in PA is determined by passion toward work and work/family conflict (study 3). More precisely, work/family conflict aIso contributes to PA self-effïcacy and PA intentions (study 4). Finally, Conscientiousness predicts social cognitive variables, described in the motivational phase of the HAPA, i. E. Self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and risk perception (study 5). Overall, this project contributes to extend the HAPA and, more generally, social cognition models and provides a better comprehension of psychological processes underlying PA participation
Jaisson, Marie. "Les Lieux de l'art : études sur la structure sociale du milieu médical dans une ville universitaire de province [Dijon]." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0002.
Full textThe aim of the study is the analysis of the concrete conditions exercise of the medical practices in a french provincial town equiped with a medical school. The logic and the sociology of these practices have to be understood under a structural hypothesis which presupposes the permanency and the long term transformation of social structures immediatly perceived by social agents so that cursuses and individual choices can be explained. Such an hypothesis has not been developped so far in medical sociology. Conclusions (1) a property of such a structure is its high level of local autonomy (2) the medical specialities can be characterized too by a specific autonomy but not local the noddles of the structure are the hospitals specialized in the training of medical students (centres hospitalouniversitaires) where various conversions of the capitals associated with each autonomy are possible. Therefore some elements proper to the logic of the social division of medical labor by gender are shown as some effects of social origins among the medical students. The sources are the productions of french administrations and research organization about medicine and set of interviews
Harrison, Helen E. "In the picture of health, portraits of health, disease and citizenship in Canada's public health advice literature, 1920-1960." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ63424.pdf.
Full textMsakni, Bargui Faten. "La prostitution clandestine à Sfax : migration, santé et économie informelle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0684/document.
Full textCertainly the study of the world of illegal prostitution and meeting clandestine prostitutes are, for us, a very rewarding experience. However, contacting these women, and therefore sharing their experiences is by no means an easy task. While studying this particular community, we faced several difficulties: getting access to infamous places, resisting to collaborate on the part of certain prostitutes, swindle and spending big amounts of money. Our goal is to understand the phenomenon of clandestine prostitution in Sfax City, the profiles of women who live there, including those from migration, as well as the push factors to this condition. Our main motivation is to explore un understudied topic in the sociological literature in Tunisia. We opted for a perspective of comprehensive sociology. Meeting clandestine prostitutes have been arranged through several actors; pimps, real estate agents, clandestine prostitutes, peer educators. Life stories of 25 Tunisian women were drafted based on observations made in the tea rooms and on the boulevards of the city of Sfax, which allowed to explore in depth their prostitution experiences. In addition, our experience with the Tunisian Association to fight Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS, based in Sfax, as a social worker in the framework of the Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
Lebel, Alexandre. "La géographie de l'excès de poids au Québec : exploration d'un problème multiscalaire et multidimensionnel en santé publique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27887/27887.pdf.
Full textGiudici, Cristina. "Vieillissement, exclusion sociale et santé en France : le rôle de la participation sociale et familiale en tant que facteur de protection de la santé." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0051.
Full textThe debate on the ageing in Europe is currently paying considerable attention to the social and economic consequences of demographic trends. Central to the discussion surrounding the extension of the active lifespan is the state of health of the elderly. On one hand the health condition of the population is clearly crucial to all hypotheses linked to the extension of active life, on the other hand, European governments are specifically interested in forecasting the health care needs and services which will be required by the elderly. This study on one hand measure demographic and social inequalities in life expectancy without disability in France and on the other hand estimates the probability of being in good health conditions according to some indiviadual characterics, using the data of the French survey on handicaps, disabilities and dependency (hid)
Zidi, Najoua. "Études économiques sur les inégalités sociales de santé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080053.
Full textThis dissertation addresses social inequalities in health by attempting to identify the main determinants of social inequalities in health. The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of health systems and their reforms on social inequality in health, with an emphasis on a deeper understanding of the ways and mechanisms by which socio-economic factors reduce or increase health inequalities. The aim is to understand social inequalities in health and identify their main determinants, whether in Tunisia or by comparing Tunisia with other countries.Based on a review of the literature on the determinants of social inequalities in health, we propose a conceptual analysis of the links between health and socio-economic status, including the income of individuals and countries by studying the impact of the latter on the health status of a population. It is thus proposed to explore the relationship between income inequality, social inequality and disparities in health status in the context of the emergence of social inequalities in health (SSI). According to the definitions of social determinants, health inequality must be considered from a perspective of systematic analysis referring to the most explicitly cited and proven socio-economic theories in the health economics literature. A conceptual framework on methods for measuring social inequalities in health was proposed to discuss approaches to decomposing inequalities in health care consumption, in particular with the concentration index as a measure that has so far been little explored. This made it possible to assess health inequalities, make a judgment on the inequity of health care distribution, and highlight the relevance of this measure in this area.Among the aspects of health inequality, several determinants support disparities in the demand for health services that are linked to both economic situations and health systems. Many theoretical approaches argue that inequality in access to care is linked to the characteristics and norms of health systems that lead to conditions of inequity in financial access to care and the use of the resources and services of these systems. This has been a motivation for successive and ongoing reforms in several countries around the world in the areas of health financing and health insurance. These reforms have also sought to improve the performance of health systems. Thus, in this thesis, we have tried to measure the levels of efficiency and equity in the Tunisian health system, by studying the factors that cause health inequalities in Tunisia and the reform of health insurance as well as the determinants of its development as a means of financing health care. We then presented an evaluation of the reform of the Caisse Nationale d'Assurance Maladie (CNAM) in 2007, examined its impact on access to healthcare and analysed their motivations and consequences. A conceptual framework for health system performance evaluation is presented to discuss methods for measuring and estimating the level of technical and economic efficiency, including the DEA method
Kotobi, Laurence. "Le vaccin et le sadaqeh : étude des représentations de la vaccination infantile en Iran d'aujourd'hui." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05H018.
Full textConcern : studying the acceptability of immunization of children in Iran from a qualitative work in the country, between 1991 and 1992, from a determined sample of urban (Teheran) and rural (Hassanabad, near Isfahan) women. "hybrid object", this modern preventive technic of health, relatively unavoidable, has not been dismissed in revolutionnary Iran as subject of an western modernity but as one of a cultural appropriation, legitimating a national identity (the iranized immunization) both towards the country's political autorities than towards iranian women
Huber, Hélène. "Vieillissement, dépenses de santé et inégalités de recours aux soins : essais de micro-économétrie appliquée." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00181627.
Full textUn premier chapitre expose les méthodes économétriques employées lors de l'estimation d'équations explicatives de la consommation de
soins sur données individuelles.
Un deuxième chapitre développe une méthode originale visant à comparer les effets du vieillissement démographique à d'autres effets influençant la hausse des dépenses de santé entre les années 1992 et 2000. Nous montrons que la hausse des dépenses est principalement due aux changements de comportement face à la maladie, ces changements de comportements pouvant être en grande partie liés au progrès technique. Le vieillissement démographique n'a qu'un rôle mineur dans l'explication de la hausse des dépenses
de santé. De plus, nous montrons que l'état de santé moyen s'améliore.
Un troisième chapitre propose une méthode novatrice de décomposition des inégalités de consommation de soins par facteur. A morbidité donnée, la consommation de soins est concentrée chez les individus les plus riches de la distribution ; or nous montrons que cette inéquité est pour moitié due à l'hétérogénéité des comportements due à la position des individus dans l'échelle des revenus, cette hétérogénéité n'étant pas identifiable dans les décompositions standard. Trois applications sont proposées : la décomposition des inégalités par facteur pour la France en 1998, l'évaluation de l'impact de la CMU-C sur l'évolution des inégalités de consommation de soins, enfin la comparaison des sources d'inégalité entre les personnes âgées (65 ans et plus) et les autres.
Seck, Awa. "Vieillir au féminin : l'expérience de femmes sénégalaises âgées de 60 ans et plus vivant dans la communauté." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26495/26495.pdf.
Full textHoudayer, Hélène. "Le défi toxique, le sens des conduites d'intoxication à travers les imaginaires sociaux." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05H005.
Full textFrom the very first, the current product is there, close to human being. Drug is object of questioning and curiosity whom lead to plural views, both sides are given a full hearing but they cohabit. Temptations, distresses, folly feed man's dashes towards toxic substances. Like that they enchant and distort. The structures of imaginary contribute to the social construction of our real, thinking, agreement, reality. Then link can be laid out between drug's consumption and expediencies of imaginary : pictures, myths, believes. . . The question of drug refers to representations about toxic substances, consumers and more generally about presentation of the phenomenon. This research removes the manner of which drug object awakes conscious of instituting parallels with the system of image. The references beside the actors of drug (institutions, media and dopefiend) allow to discover its various demonstrations. More essentially, the question who is registered in the drug object, leads to founder and continual structures of social life. The idea of risk explains a way of being seizing, who finds in dope-habit, grounds. The structure of nomadism that dopefiends follow, reminds a part of shadow who hasten our representations and closes touch private individual to his society. The idea about + toxic challenge ; explains a behaviour and those whom express : beyond fear and emergency of toxic substances' consumption which are criminal and illegal, something weaves in human being who gives to drug others faces that research work cannot save
Saïas, Thomas. "Déterminants relationnels de la santé mentale périnatale : approche psychosociale." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00794797.
Full textMarchand, Hélène. "Violence, inégalités de genre et vulnérabilité des femmes au VIH/Sida en Haïti." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28299/28299.pdf.
Full text