Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Santé et développement économique'
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Mazamba, Tédie. "Éducation, santé et croissance économique." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020039.
Full textKibongui, Raymond. "Médecine traditionnelle et politique économique de santé dans les pays en développement." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOE008.
Full textThe health situation of third world countries incites one the seek a better economic health policy for those countries. One cane wonder in wath way the place occupied by traditional medicine is adapted to the intended objectives and to the means available. Can traditional medecine be on of the arguments of the policy of optimal use of the ressources in developing countries? The first part of this study analyses the opportunity of traditional medecine in third word countries particularly in African countries south of the sahara. A critical observation of the health system brings to the fore, among other things, the unfavourable impact of a complete transposition of the western health systems towards developing countries traditional medecine offers unsufficienly exploited opportunities which have the possibility to contribute to the creation of a more appropriate social health technology. The second part is devoted to the analysis of traditional medicines means of action. What are the forms of traditional medecine? Private and individual forms? (tradipractitioner) or collective ones (religious communities) but also public forms under supervision of international organizations, of states and national unionss of tradipractitioners. It is possible to consider an integration of modern medecine and traditional medecine, which by means of health personnel and of pharmacopoeia increase the opportunity and develop the effectiveness of economic health policies.
Coulibaly, Seydou Ouaritio. "Santé et développement au Mali : l’impact de l’onchocercose sur la production agricole et le bien-être des ménages." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF10196.
Full textThis thesis concerns the impact of onchocerciasis on agricultural output and household income in Mali. We undertake a cross-sectional analysis of households, relating the presence of onchocerciasis, malaria and other diseases to measures of economic performance, while attempting to control for other factors. The sample consists of 177 households drawn from six villages in two zones of Mali. Each household provided date for twelve-month period. In a multivariate analysis explaining the value of household’s agricultural output, we use a framework of a production function to design our regression model. We find that both onchocerciasis and malaria incidence in the household have a significant depressive effect on output. We then look at the factors affecting levels of household income or total consumption using a different regression model. Again, onchocerciasis and malaria are found to have negative economic effects. The result implies that two diseases tend to force some households below a poverty line. A probit analysis confirms this implication
Rouanet, Léa. "Trois essais sur les progrès de la santé et le développement économique en Afrique." Paris, EHESS, 2015. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01256681.
Full textThe first chapter compares the colonial stratégies for health policies' provision and other colonial policies in former French West Africa. It gathers a unique dataset containing colonial inputs in health, éducation, public works and conscription. There was a very gênerai strategy as regards to the provision of colonial services, which had to do with investments' complementarity, returns to scale, the diseases' contagion risk and the demand for colonial services. The second chapter of this thesis looks at the relationship between adult height and under-five mortality in the context of the "double African Paradox" in West Africa. Africans are relatively tall in spite of extremely unfavorable disease environments. Moreover, their height stature decreased since the 1960's despite improving health conditions. A new model of height differential between survivors and deceased suggests that sélective mortality explains part of this paradox. Results imply that mortality sélection could be large enough to mask significant height increases. The third chapter develops a new indicator of gender préférences based on birth spacing, and applies it to Africa. Son preference is strong and increasing in North Africa, whereas Sub-Saharan Africa displays a preference for variety or no preference at all. Traditional family systems accurately predict the nature of gender preferences, while religion does not. Last, the magnitude of preferences is stronger for wealthier and more educated women
Raffin, Natacha. "Environnement, santé, éducation : quels enjeux pour le développement ?" Paris 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450845.
Full textSaengkanokkul, Pakpoom. "Le système de santé en Thaïlande et l'origine des inégalités en matière de santé : une analyse politico-économique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCF013/document.
Full textThis thesis uses a political economy frame to analyze Thailand’s health system and its inequalities in health. After identifying the political actors of the health care system and the ideologies on which they are based, it examines the way in which the policies put in work have affected the health and the distribution of health. In Thailand, national trilogy "Nation-Buddhism-King" impregnated the whole political pattern, including health system. It also influenced political agents and political decision-makers in building the Thai social protection system. Influenced by utilitarianism and nationalism, the Ministry of Health had prioritized efficiency, rather than equality, and improved population health in order to increase economic growth. Due to Buddhism, some technocrats have launched health promotion policies based on the concept of Karma that reinforced individual responsibility for health, but ignored social inequalities that affected health-risk behaviors. Royal charities have provided health care for marginalized groups for long times, but many patients still were left untreated. Thanks to these actors, many health indicators were improved, but, at the same time, it increased health disparities between rich and poor, rural areas and urban areas, as between Bangkok and the poorest regions, North and Northeast. In 2001, Thai Rak Thai party launched a new health insurance program providing basic health care for all Thais. Although many reports confirmed the good results of a policy that reduced some inequalities and improved health care access for the poor, it raised the opposition from several stake-holders groups. This new program, based on equal opportunities and the right to health, unintentionally challenged the old policies and the old ideologies in health care justice. As a result, conflicts in health system as well as political instability as a whole constrained the development of new health policies for the next generations
Bénamouzig, Daniel. "Essor et développement de l'économie de la santé en France." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040269.
Full textDupas, Pascaline. "Informations, incitations et comportements de santé : trois essais en économie du développement." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0014.
Full textThis thesis uses evidence from four programs implemented in Kenya to identify types of informations and incentives that can increase preventive health behaviors. We find that teenagers are responsive to information on relative risks, thus providing information on the distribution of HIV prevalence disaggregated by gender and age group can have a much larger impact that simply providing teenagers with information on the average prevalence. We also find that reducing the cost of education generates effective incentives for teenagers to avoid teen pregnancy or marriage, and thus can have the triple benefit of increasing educational attainments, reducing the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, and reducing the incidence of teenage pregnancy. Last, we find that conditional in-kind subesidies (in the form of mosquito nets given to pregnant women enrolling for prenatal care) can be used effectively to overcome private inertia in the take-up of public health services, including HIV testing
Grimm, Michael. "Comportements démo-économiques, distribution des revenus et développement : micro-simulations dynamiques appliquées à la Côte d'Ivoire." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002IEPP0006.
Full textEl, Moctar Ellah Taher Mohamed. "Les dépenses en infrastructures publiques et la croissance économique : Le cas de la Mauritanie." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC014/document.
Full textWhile the majority of studies obtain positive impacts of public infrastructure on economic activity, the problem between public spending and good resource allocation remains.This empirical thesis presents an unpublished work for Mauritania and is limited to three types of infrastructure.First, we study the relationship between the evolution of the total road stock and the per capita GDP through a Coob-Douglas production function.Our main result is that the road stock in Mauritania has impacted the GDP per capita in a positive and significant way.Second, we analyze the contribution of health capital to economic growth. In estimating several models, three main results emerge: 1) The level of public health spending has no significant effect on the growth of life expectancy, but appears to have positive impacts on the reduction of gross mortality per 1000 people. 2) Public expenditure on health has a positive effect on overall GDP, but this effect becomes insignificant when it comes to GDP per capita.3) Initial life expectancy and its growth have positive and significant effects on GDP per capita.Finally, we explore the impact of ICT on economic growth.By studying a production function and a VAR model, we show that ICT capital and the evolution of fixed telephone subscribers have significantly stimulated economic activity
Le, Guen Tanguy. "Les barrages du Nord de la Côte-d'Ivoire : développement socio-économique et état sanitaire des populations." Brest, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BRES1010.
Full textThe northern region of Ivory Coast, which has a varied climate of the sudanese type and a rural population density that is on the average small (with the exception of the surroundings of Korhogo), has, since 1960, seen the creation in the low-lying areas of 269 dams for the use of animal raising and 19 others for the irrigation of rice fields and for truck gardening purposes. The customary form of farming of the Senoufos of northern Ivory Coast, has been radically transformed with the use of hydro agricultural dams for the development of irrigated rice growing and agricultural pastoral dams for truck gardening. The presence of permanent waters has generally been appreciated in villages where people have seen their living conditions been improved. Facing the multi-purpose of these dams leading to a raise in the contacts between human and water, the risk to see some water diseases appear or reappear is getting more and more serious, especially for schistosomiasis. Surveys conducted on the inhabitants of 10 villages have allowed to realize that the risks of schistosomiasis development linbed to the new water conditions were still relatively weak in the North of Ivory Coast but vigilance was still necessary
Zehnati, Ahcène. "Analyse économique de l'émergence et du développement d'une offre privée de soins en Algérie." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOE008.
Full textIn Algeria, the health field has changed with the emergence and expansion of the private healthcare sector profit in its two components: private clinics and physicians in liberal, thus ending the hegemony over three decades the public sector. A hybrid system where care has resulted in a public sector characterized by multiple failures seems to feed a growing private sector. This dynamic occurs in the context of a plural transition: an unplanned economic transition, a sociological transition with a strong urbanization, rapid demographic transition, an epidemiological transition and ongoing political transition still pending. Interactions between individual strategies of health professionals and the contextual elements have determined the evolution of the Algerian health system. The private clinics as new figure in the healthcare landscape reveals innovative structures in the sense that, new methods of organization and working with unusual interaction and coordination modes that emerged out leading to a drift from the old operating mode systems creating a collective dynamics between doctors and patients. They attract both doctors, looking for additional income, patients in search of an immediate and better care, try to avoid long waiting list in the public sector. The enclosed operating care system is replaced by an operation network in relation between the various actors in the healthcare system according to affinities, sensitivities and financial interests
N'Simba, Ludovic. "L'envie et la frustration sociale, des obstacles au développement économique de l'Afrique ? : Approches théoriques et analytiques." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR28667.
Full textPerrin, Hélène. "Justice sociale et santé : l’accès aux soins à Abidjan." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF10229.
Full textSocial justice is one of the fundamental questions in contemporary economics. From the seventies, it has been the subject of a renewal of interest among philosophers and economists. Economic theories of justice aim at proposing conditions leading to a just society. They have also inspired justice principles to be applied to specific society fields. Health, in particular, appears as a privileged application field of these theories. The question of justice in health field arises with a particular intensity in development countries where health conditions are low and where resources allocated to health are often insufficient and badly used. The approach developed here is at the intersection of the three main fields of economics above-mentioned namely social justice analysis, health economics and development economics. The thesis aims at analyzing, in terms of justice, the impact of the health policy currently performed in the majority of West African countries, and in particular in Ivory Coast. This policy is based on the principles of Bamako Initiative, initiated by WHO, UNICEF and West African countries governments. It is based notably on two points: user fees and health care quality improvement. These principles raise an animated debate about the justice of such a policy. Some claim that justice is guaranteed because this health care reform should allow health care access for the majority of people. Others, in return, consider this policy unfair insofar as it may exclude the poorest sick out of health care system. This thesis intends to participate in this discussion and to bring elements of response to the question of justice raised here. It comprises four movements. The first one presents the principal economic theories of justice developed during this century. It allows to grasp with precision the notion of justice, fundamental in this research. The second one analyses justice principles developed in the more specific field of health. It leads to identify an empirical method that enables to detect a possible unfair impact of the health policy currently performed in Abidjan. This method, lying on an econometric estimation of a health care demand function, uses data of a survey that we personally conducted in Abidjan, from February to march 1998, among more than 4000 households. The third movement presents the main characteristics of this field work and analyses, from a justice point of view, the descriptive results obtained from this survey. Quite an injustice, felt at the end of this descriptive analysis, is confirmed by the econometric results exposed in the fourth time of this thesis. Indeed, user fees impact on health care demand appears inequitable because it is particularly unfavorable to the poor. Moreover, quality improvement, which is supposed to offset negative price effect, may essentially rise up health care use by the rich. Alternative solution, more favorable to the poorest, are then discussed. Several targeting policies, aimed at directing public resources in priority to the poor, are, in particular, analyzed. If some of them may be defended from a theoretical point of view, their implementation may force some difficulties. Then, such propositions must be improved and the research of other solutions that would even better assure health care access to the poor must, more than ever, be pursued
Bertho, Michelle. "Les fondations privées américaines et le développement au XXIe siècle : l'exemple de la lutte contre le sida." Paris 8, 2010. http://octaviana.fr/document/164690670#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textLarge private foundations - mostly American - have exercised power and influence, tainting the politics of development aid since its beginning. Their role, discrete but effective, supporting American foreign policy, changed toward the end of the XX century. They became more visible and started to claim a principal role on the global development scene. Major philanthropists today are convinced that principles governing the business world will further social transformation, and that private enterprise models can be applied efficaciously to social issues. The amount of money involved is enormous, and the desire for change sincere. This phenomenon is especially visible in global public health where cooperation between the public and private sectors is required. Large foundations work with sovereign states, addressing epidemics and other major health issues. Such is the case in India and Botswana where the major foundations bring extensive resources and expertise to bear on HIV/AIDS. Their involvement in public health does not go without consequences, significantly impacting governance issues
Boukaka, Ouadiabantou Dévoué Bonaventure. "Vie et survie médico-sociale dans les pays en développement : essai d'analyse du système de santé en république populaire du Congo." Paris 9, 1988. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1988PA090049.
Full textSince the colonial period, the people's republic of the congo is leading a health and social policy which did not undergo deep changes. Despite important means available to health and social services by the party and the government, despite different development plans achieved since the independance, and which have focussed on a medecine essentially curative, hopes are beyond expectations. The medico-social reform, proposed here on a reorganization of the current health and social system, the creation of first aid posts, the co-ordination of health and social activities from the community itself. It is upheld by a development of the preventive medecine, the improvement of the environment, by respecting the political and administrative gaps. Thus, it could be a solution to get out the congo from current difficulties
Rabier, Serge. "Une ambition pour le développement : l'approche genre, la santé et les droits sexuels et reproductifs dans l'aide publique au développement de la Suède : stratégies, politiques et programmes (1994-2014)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB170.
Full textFor the last twenty years, Gender, Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights and Development issues have been at the heart of a growing trend of interest from both development thinkers and practitioners, researchers, international and national institutions, non governmental organisations, and experts from development agencies. Sweden has played a key role in the evolution of this global agenda. Among the major Overseas Development Assistance contributors, Sweden has proven to be one of the "like-minded" countries, which has integrated the gender perspective and the rights perspective at the very heart of its ODA mechanisms. The cycle of 1990's UN conferences, which has promoted gender equality as both a condition and a mean to achieve a sustainable human development was the occasion for Sweden to take a clear leadership as an influential "soft power". The analysis of decisive factors in the Swedish history (cultural, political and social references) as well as a critical reading of founding documents since 1994 (political statements, bills and laws, strategic/planning and communication papers, program evaluations) shows the original contribution of Swedish ODA, which beyond its remarkable amount, reveals the anthropological and political fundamentals of development and recalls that globalisation should not ignore the growing demands around inequalities, in particular gender inequalities
Bonnefond, Céline. "L'analyse des inégalités sociales et spatiales dans le processus d'émergence de la Chine." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40039/document.
Full textThe rapid emergence of China has been accompanied by a significant increase in inequalities, resulting in profound changes affecting both the economic and social structures of China. The purpose of this doctoral thesis is to provide a better understanding of the diversity of these transformations, by combining macro and microeconomic analyses, together with economic and sociological approaches. Firstly, this research mobilizes provincial data in order to give a general overview of the level of regional disparities and of the spatial concentration of wealth. The recent decline in regional disparities can, among other things, be explained by the existence of growth spillover effects between Chinese provinces. Subsequently, the study is supplemented by the use of household survey data. The analysis of income polarization in rural and urban areas allows to highlight some shifts in its distribution, emphasizing in particular the constitution of population clusters in intermediate income ranges. An intensive investigation on the Chinese urban middle class is thereafter conducted so as to identify its members on an income-based definition, and to underline the heterogeneity of this category regarding employment and education. Finally, based on the example of food consumption and social attitude towards body weight, the vanguard role of middle class in the nutrition transition is highlighted. To conclude, the Chinese middle class appears to be a central category to ensure the further development of China
Gerbaud, Laurent. "Financement des services de soins hospitaliers et développement de l'évaluation de la qualité des soins." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOE020.
Full textJohnson, Mark Lawrence. "Contre-mesures médicales contre les risques NRBC : quelles solutions pour un développement facilité dans une économie de marché ?" Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020014/document.
Full textFor some diseases caused by chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) agents, innovative medical countermeasures (MedCMs) do not exist while many of those that do might not be readily available. In case of a CBRN event, inappropriate medical research and development (R&D) funding and government procurement efforts can result in adverse economic consequences (e.g. lost income) far exceeding the costs of strong and comprehensive preparedness initiatives. Given the budgetary constraints many governments face, priorities must be defined. Parallel to determining effective health decision metrics that identify and weigh the causal effects of negative health impact, decision making must also consider cost-effectiveness to make funding sustainable. Moreover, international cooperation is necessary since the risks increasingly transcend borders due to global travel and the global threat of terrorism. This dissertation ultimately seeks to define a path to public health economic policy to enhance the international availability of CBRN MedCMs. In Part I, the root causes of market failure are identified and depicted (i.e., where rewards for supply do not adequately compensate for the R&D effort). In Part II, case study examples illustrate the characteristics and economic consequences of CBRN incidents. Scenarios for each case are outlined to show where the availability of MedCMs in these situations could potentially be cost-effective. Finally, Part III construes more comprehensive approaches for gauging and offsetting the deterrence factors of market supply and demand by compiling and applying additional economic models and frameworks
Brembilla, Laurent. "Longevity and Economic Growth : three Essays." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED025/document.
Full textThis dissertation is interested in the long-run relationship between longevity and economic development. In the first chapter, I analyse the impact of health expenditures on economic growth and welfare. For this, I study the influence of the tax rate in an economy à la Chakraborty (2004). I first determine the growth-maximizing tax rate, which is shown to be 0 in low-income countries. Second, I show that the steady-state income level is an inverted U-shaped function or a decreasing function of the tax rate. Third, I study the tax rate that maximizes the steady-state welfare level. In the second chapter, I propose a theoretical model to study the growth impacts of health expenditures chosen by the agents. Indeed, I develop a Diamond model with endogenous growth in which young individuals can spend resources to increase their longevity in retirement period. I give a full characterization of the dynamic general equilibrium and determine the growth impacts of health expenditures. They can speed up or slow down economic growth. They can be a barrier or a necessity for growth to take place. A calibration to OECD countries suggests that the latter case is the most likely one. Finally, the third chapter studies the theoretical impact of the aging process on the sectorial labor allocation. To this aim, I develop a multi-sector two-period overlapping generations model in which I examine the consequences of both a longevity shift and a fertility shift on the labor allocation of the economy and on the income per worker level. I show that contrary to one-sector models, the income per worker level is not necessarily monotonic with respect to demographic variables. Realistic demographic shocks are also shown to create significant labor reallocation across sectors
Sarrade, Cobos Diana. "Le mal-développement de l'Équateur : analyse des relations entre santé, éducation et environnement. : le cas de la ville Quito." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR2021.
Full textThe poor-development of Ecuador and its capital is a complex phenomenon that could be analyzed under diverse angles. The socio-environmental dimension, rarely studied, aims to question the “limited” economic studies by providing a different perspective. This thesis follows the mentioned approach and it is based on the analysis of three factors for development: health, education and environment. Furthermore, in order to understand the Ecuadorian issue, it is important to go back to the economic and political history of the country. The research and the analysis focus on the period from 1948 to 2008. These years establish the incorporation of the concept of development in the Governmental Administration by the President Galo Plaza Lasso and by the endorsement of the last Constitution. The multidimensional and multidisciplinary approach of Political Ecology, allows identifying the main causes and outcomes of the poor-development of the country and its capital, Quito. After fifty years of policies that tore down the growth, Ecuador is experiencing at the moment a social, economic and environmental crisis that exhibits the failure of the liberal economic model. Based on the exploitation and exports of its natural resources, the Ecuadorian economy has not contributed to improve the life conditions of its entire population, but it contributed to integrate the country into the international trade market. This choice has led to the strengthening of social inequalities and to the deterioration of the milieu. The government, subdued by the interests of the financial elites and reliant of the global economy, never engaged in a process of wealth redistribution. The study of the Ecuadorian society in terms of health conditions, education and environment has confirmed its poor-development. Despite the existence of a legal system that guarantees citizens’ right to healthcare, education and a well being, the policies brought in to place didn’t allow to ensure proper living conditions for the entire population. There are not the laws or policies that have failed during the Ecuadorian developmental process, but the mechanisms to enforce them. In health, education and environmental matters, the public authorities, more often than not, act in accordance to the international pronouncements. The urban issue, studied throughout the case of Quito, shows the problematic of the local administration. Although the city shows significant difficulties to provide a situation of welfare to its citizens, local authorities seem to be more determined to build the foundations of an enhanced development. The thoughts carried out around the local power open a new path to the analysis of development
Ben, Dhif Allah Mohamed Bilel. "Choix de localisation et développement des start-ups de hautes technologies : Le cas des biotechnologies appliquées à la santé humaine en France." Paris 9, 2007. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2007PA090057.
Full textYahaya, Mahamane. "L'impact de l'aide publique au développement sur les politiques publiques des pays de l'Afrique de l'Ouest : le cas du Niger et du Mali : réflexion sur l'analyse des politiques des bailleurs de fonds dans les domaines de la santé et de l'éducation." Lyon 3, 2010. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2010_out_yahaya_m.pdf.
Full textThe post world war’s II reconstruction plan for Europe known as Marshall’s Plan, was the inspiration in establishing public aid for development which, in turn, was set up to assist developing countries. Niger and Mali are part of the poorest group in South Saharan countries benefiting from this system. As a result of this aid program, these countries had hoped to overcome their extreme poverty but, after half a century of assistance, and co-incidentally, fifty years of political independence, these countries have fallen deeper into a state of extreme poverty. Different initiatives beginning with the structural adjustment program which was to aid in the liberal forms of government and an opening of markets, have been a dismal failure. At the same time, paradoxically, these countries have shown a statistical pattern of continuing steady growth although, in reality, poverty has become more ingrained and widespread instead of decreasing. Those governing these nations (trading capital) use this data in order to justify the maintenance of their political and economic system. Why then are the levels of growth and developments at odds in the case of the PAD (public aid for development)? As a reaction to this failure, the donor nations initiated a strategy of poverty reduction with the direct intention at attaining the millenni objectives for development. The place of education and health are at the heart of eight main points. In the political sections of both areas we are interested in, the quantitative has been privileged to the detriment of the qualitative. The thesis aims at seeing in what these strategies differentiate from these in the SAP (structural adjustment program), and indeed what will the results be in the short or medium term. On the one hand, the political system of the PAD (aid for development), its usefulness for security, strategic and geopolitical reasons, cast a doubt on its neutrality and its professed desire to assist these countries to overcome their poverty. On the other hand, responsible aid giving, coupled with responsible political leaders, who are not part of the take or leave it system, can contribute to developing the social and economic future of these countries
Laramée, Philippe. "Directives nationales et évaluation des technologies de santé : la justesse des processus nationaux d’évaluation des technologies de Santé et des éléments d’évidences développés pour l’optimisation des bénéfices de Santé Publique, et l’application à la gestion des troubles liés à la consommation d’alcool associée à la précision méthodologique du développement d’évidences." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10028.
Full textThe current thesis discusses national processes of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) in Europe, Australia and Canada, with a central reference to the one proposed by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in England. This is with a focus on the manner decisions about healthcare technologies are taken, based on which considerations and evidence, and with which weight the evidence elements are interlinked with regard to public health implications. The thesis analyses the development of recommendations of care to allow access to the most clinicallyand cost-effective treatments available, based on the best and most up-to-date evidence, and on the consensus from collaboration between clinicians, scientists, health economists, health service managers, as well as patients. Additionally, is discussed the value of covering all components of a disease evolution in assessing in continuum the different steps of disease management. This aims to allow the optimal generation of public health benefits in interlinking appraisals across different stages of disease for a generalist assessment of care, considering that recommendations in some aspects of care can call for more flexibility or constraints in other aspects. With an application to the management of alcohol use disorders, alcohol dependence and attributable harmful consequences, the thesis contextualizes and analyses decisions in the development of health economics and outcomes research evidence, the choice of methodology and directions taken, and their interpretation for optimal generation of public health benefits
Perez-Ellis, Carole. "Apports et limites des analyses coût-efficacité dans le développement des innovations biomédicales : l'exemple du Trastuzumab dans le cancer du sein." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20714.
Full textLohore, Serikpa Georges. "Tourisme et santé, mise en production des territoires par le tourisme médical." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0013/document.
Full textTourism and health are two concepts, at first sight in opposition. If tourism "is not based on any necessity," health, "engages the lives of individuals and societies." By scrutinizing the two concepts, it emerges a protean relationship that fits into history, social practices and current events. Despite the progress made in medicine, some tourist destinations, for specific epidemiological reasons are still destinations at risk. The current context of globalization, has influences in the field of health. The recent epidemics, H1N1 flu, Coronavirus etc., are today a threat to the planet. These experiences have shown the subjection of the tourism sector to the epidemiological state of the world. At this first connection between health and tourism, there is the one that makes health a consumer good, a design on which medical tourism is based. Medical tourism is a phenomenon brought to life by the media. The ambiguity of the term leads us to confess at the epistemological level of an inappropriate formula. However, it refers to a phenomenon that brings in nearly $ 60 billion in global revenue a year.These economic spinoffs support the expansion of the practice: Asia, Eastern Europe, North Africa, Latin America, and North America. The cost of care on these destinations, mostly emerging countries, Are much lower than in the countries of origin of patients. Legislation on certain medical acts is also important in medico-tourist motivations. PMA, transplants, abortion, participate motivations of medical tourism. However, the observations show a correlation between the emergence of this economic model, and the existence on the one hand, on the one hand, of a rich tourist activity, and on the other,of health insurance mechanism, covering the majority Population. In France we find the conditions for the development of a medical-tourist activity. However, the contribution of the Hexagon to this segment of the world economy is below its capacity, although it must be admitted that some cities are famous for hosting foreign patients. In city marketing, hospital facilities also define the importance of agglomerations. On this fact the cities of Paris, Marseille and Lyon, each has a medical-tourist activity. This study analyzes this segment in each of these cities, with their tourist and sanitary features.Thus, medical tourism is emerging as a new form of development of the territory, in France and elsewhere as well
Rossi, Pauline. "Les déterminants des choix de fécondité en Afrique : préférences de genre, stratégies d'assurance et rivalités reproductives." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0159.
Full textThis dissertation investigates if fertility behaviors in Africa can partly be explained by women's strategies to improve their economic security. The approach combines economic theory, micro-econometric methods and insights from other disciplines (sociology, anthropology, demography and medicine). The empirical work is carried out on original data from a Senegalese household survey, and on the Demographic and Health Surveys in African countries. Each chapter explores one potential driver of fertility: son preference, women's needs for widowhood insurance and co-wife reproductive rivalry in polygamous households. All point to the same idea: a woman intensifies her fertility when her economic future is jeopardized, because children remain women's best claim to the resources controlled by men. In terms of policy implications, the main insight is that the sustained high level of fertility in Africa does not merely reflect women's lack of control over births, as is often argued. It also reflects their incentives to have many children. Promoting women's autonomy would thus help birth control efforts and spare mothers and children the heavy health cost of frequent pregnancies
Mousavi, Seyed Mohammad Amir. "L’abondance (dépendance) des ressources naturelles influence-t-elle l’accumulation de capital humain ? Les Ressources Naturelles sont-elles une Malédiction pour l'Education et la Santé ?" Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ0016.
Full textAs illustrated by the “Human Development Index” published by the United Nations and used by the World Bank, a society’s progress is often judged not just by its income, but also its human capital outcomes in education and health. It is therefore not surprising that, just as a large number of studies have asked whether natural resource dependence or abundance harms or helps a society’s income, a growing number of papers have separately asked if they harm or help a society’s accumulation of human capital. To date, however, no one has surveyed this body of research. This is what we attempt to do in the dissertation. This new survey then is followed by several empirical analyses and conceptual models to check whether the abundance/dependence of natural resources hurt/help or does not affect the accumulation of human capital. While the literature typically focuses on a national-level analysis of the resource curse, chapter two of this dissertation investigates the impact on the human capital of the abundance of petroleum resources in 28 provinces of Iran from 2000 to 2014. It also contributes to the literature by distinguishing between upstream and downstream impacts i.e. whether the effects of the oil and gas industry on human capital are associated mostly with extraction (upstream) or refining and distribution (downstream) activities. Second, the approach of the dissertation inclined from macro to the microeconomic view in chapter three. Although a growing body of literature studies the HCIF’s (Human Capital-Intensive Firms) boundary and governance, few try to focus on these firms when the abundance of resources is involved in the economy. Similarly, in resource curse literature much has been said about the natural resource effects on human capital, however, fewer studies have been conducted for the immigration of the talented students in the resource abundance countries and the potential impacts this might have on human capital. This gap inspired me to study the effect of oil rent, brain drain, and good governance on human capital in a set of countries listed in the Natural Resource Governance Index (NRGI) Report. 3. Overall, all the empirical analysis of this dissertation significantly confirms the curse of natural resource abundance/dependence for the accumulation of human capital, measured by different indicators of health and education. For example, regarding the case of Iran, the empirical results show that apart from the global crowding effect of natural resources on human capital, the provinces involved in both downstream and upstream oil activities have significantly lower levels of human capital compared to both oil-free provinces and provinces involved only in downstream oil activities. This suggests a double resource curse. We also find the same negative effects for a cross-section of 81 NRGI countries by estimating a system of multiple linear regression models, by using ordinary least squares (OLS). Another interesting result of this dissertation was the negative impacts of brain drain on the accumulation of human capital. Contrary, we find that the determinants of good governance show a significant and positive impact on human capital accumulation, indicating the important role of good governance in resource-abundant countries to harness the curse of oil abundance. Finally, the positive and significant coefficient of interaction term -in chapter four- between natural resource governance and oil rent (as a proxy for resource dependence) implies that natural resource good governance is one key to avoid the negative effect of resources on the accumulation of human capital
Simonet, Catherine. "Changement climatique, chocs pluviométriques et sécurité alimentaire : essais sur l'usage de l'information climatique en économie du développement." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF10392/document.
Full textAcknowledging a limited knowledge and use of climate data in development economics, this thesis proposes a new perspective on the use of both macroeconomic and microeconomic climate data. This thesis has a two-Fold objective: to deepen knowledge on climate data through the production of a new global database directly exploitable by economists, and to propose several applications of this database at different economic scales. The first part focuses on the macroeconomic aspect of the climate data. Its aim is to empower researchers with a deeper understanding of global climate data and to increase economic knowledge on the characteristics of climate change. Chapter 1 contains a climate database available monthly over the 1900-2008 period for nearly 200 countries. Based on this initial work, Chapter 2 proposes an original use of the database with the construction of a physical indicator of vulnerability to climate change, a tool which can be used as a basis for the allocation of aid for climate change adaptation. The second part of this thesis is composed of two microeconomic studies whose aim is to analyse the behaviour of agents facing a rainfall shock. In those two chapters, rainfall data is used to compensate for the lack of data on agricultural production. At the household level, Chapter 3 focuses on the implications of an episode of reduced rainfall on the nutritional status of children under five years old. It shows that rural households do not have the capacity to provide for or absorb climate shocks. At the grain market level, Chapter 4 studies the response of prices to a shock front rainfall. It reveals the presence of speculation, especially in small and poorly integrated markets
Demenet, Axel. "Regards sur un secteur informel persistant et dynamique : le cas du Vietnam." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED053/document.
Full textThis PhD dissertation is built around four main chapters. Their topic shall sound familiar to policy makers, and to all empirical economists working on microenterprises, as they quesion the common mottos to deal with the informal sector: “formalize them”, “protect them”, and “train them”. Little of these recommendations rely on actual evidence, in particular regarding their effects for the firms themselves. Chapter one starts by questioning the relevance of formalization: what exactly do these production units have to gain from registration? The second chapter investigates the vulnerability of microenterprises to health problems: how much do they suffer from the consequences of health shocks within the household? The third chapter deals with the complementary question of the protection mechanisms, and questions the mitigating potential of health insurance. The fourth chapter finally deals with their managerial capital: do the business skills that are considered standard among larger firms have any meaning for informal micro enterprises?
Huillery, Elise. "Histoire coloniale : développement et inégalités dans l'ancienne Afrique occidentale française." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0111.
Full textThis PhD dissertation uses first-hand historical data on colonial French West Africa. First, I focus on the costs and benefits of colonial experience for France and its former colonies. I review the existing literature and show that evidence on whether colonialism was a costly or beneficiary experience for France is not clear yet. Then I provide an answer on the direct cost of French West Africa for French public expenses: this cost turns out to be very small -on average 0. 1 % of all public expenses. Few public investments were made during colonial times and almost all of them were financed by local population itself. Using econometrics, the thesis then seeks to provide evidence on the long term impact of colonial experience on current performances. I show that early colonial public investments m education, health and public works had large and persistent effects on current outcomes, and that a major channel for the long term effect of early investments is a strong persistence of investments: regions that got more of a specific type of investment at the early colonial times continued to get more of this particular type of investment. Finally, I give evidence that Europeans tended to settle in more prosperous pre-colonial areas and that the European settlement had a strong positive impact on current outcomes. I argue that the African hostility towards colonial power to colonisation provides a random variation in European settlement. Despite, the absence of a "reversal of fortune" within former French West Africa, some of the most prosperous pre-colonial areas lost their advantage because of their hostility: other areas caught up and became the new leaders in the region
Hamza, Oualid. "Sécurité sanitaire des aliments, commerce et développement : approche par l'Economie Industrielle." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020073/document.
Full textThis thesis is part of the current context of the international regulation of food safety. It stands at the crossroads of international trade theory, industrial economics and development economics and it comes to evaluate the conditions for an effective and fair multilateral co-regulation of food safety. Such a co-regulation should ensure consumers’ health in developed countries faced to imports from developing countries, the access of developing countries to Northern markets and consumers’ health in developing countries through the improvement of production and commercialization practices in domestic supply chains. In the first part of the thesis, we analyze the conditions for a North-South co-governance of health risk, which would be beneficial to both the health of consumers in the North and producers’ incomes in the South. Considering the context of domestic markets in developing countries, the second part of the thesis determines the conditions for which food security, in a quantitative sense, is not incompatible with food safety. In the last part of the thesis, we analyze public interventions that allow South domestic markets to benefit from progresses achieved in the export sectors. From a methodological point of view, the thesis is based on the conceptual framework of the Theory of Industrial Organization. The theoretical models that we propose serve as a support for empirical works and stylized facts that we review in detail
Angel, Mickaela. "le tourisme médical au Maroc : enjeux et nouvelles compétences des professionnels de santé." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV105/document.
Full textThe development of medical tourism involves several developing countries today. Morocco has made the strategic act of the medical tourism. Many care institutions are involved in this development and we seek to identify how the skills of actors involved and the terms of their acquisition. This dimension is complementary to the organizational changes that have been set to offer services to a customer base increasingly diverse
Ibanda, Kabaka Paulin. "Réforme forestière de 2002 et droits des populations en RD Congo. Analyse de l'évolution du droit forestier dans ses aspects juridiques, fiscaux, écologiques et socio-économiques." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU2031/document.
Full textIn this thesis, it is a question of making an analysis of the consequences of the forest reform which is engaged in the DRC since 2002 at the instigation of the World Bank with the aim to favor the sustainable management of the forests and the development of the forest populations. However, the legal and economic assessment of this new forestry policy, carried out after fifteen years of application to measure the impact on sustainable forest management, forest taxation and local development of forest populations, shows that, if the 2002 forestry reform contributed to a slight improvement in the mobilization of forest tax revenues, but did not favor the sustainability of forests and the protection of the rights of forest peoples. To remedy this situation, we suggest some reforms to improve this forest policy
Diongué, Birahime. "Les niveaux et les facteurs explicatifs de la santé au Sénégal de 1960 à 1982." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF10018.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is first to study the health levels of Senegalese people and secondly to analyze the factors explaining their health standard. In the first part, we used the result indicators such as morbidity rates, based on the ministry of public health data only, since they are no epidemiologic surveys. The trends analysis indicated a strong prevalence of certain diseases, such as malaria, with nevertheless important disparity between the regions. However, despite the eradication of big endemics such as plague, small pox, sleeping disease, others diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis leprosy, sexually transmissible diseases, nutritional and diarrheal diseases, measles, whooping cough, consequences of abortions and deliveries, represent the most important plagues. But the morbidity data do not correspond to the Senegalese reality: in fact, the health infrastructures are almost exclusively settled in towns and consequently, they benefit only to urban population. Moreover, the attraction of traditional medicine is not to be neglected, but it is the opposite. All the reasons led us to believe that the morbidity is not really known and consequently that the indicator can not constitute a study base of the health (or levels) in Senegal. That is why we choose the mortality, which is a incontestable evidence and a more known indicator. We analyzed in a second part the health factors and, in order to so, we used 17 health and socio-economic variables supposed to explain the levels of infant mortality (explained variables). We went on with a differential econometric analysis, at first at the national level, then with a pooling-data analysis including only 6 regions and finally with a model applied to Dakar, then to Ngayokheme. The demographic variables, the availability of the coverage of beds, as much as the schooling rate have been the main explanatory factors of health status in the regions and in Dakar the income per capita did not reveal itself as a significate variable. But, in terms of personnel in Dakar the medical and paramedical (midwives) coverage have been significate variables, when at the region level, the population per nurse indicator only prove significate
Benseba, Djamel. "Le transfert de la technologie pharmaceutique vers les pays en voie de développement." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010009.
Full textCaffin, Jean-Hugues. "L’aide au développement et le financement basé sur la performance : quelle performativité ? : analyse du processus de conceptualisation et de diffusion du financement basé sur la performance dans la gestion des systèmes de santé africains par la Banque Mondiale et l’USAID : étude du cas du Programme national de financement basé sur les résultats du Ministère de la Santé du Sénégal." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E037/document.
Full textPerformance-based financing is a management approach promoted by the World Bank (WB) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) that is rapidly being mainstreamed in development assistance programs. In a context where many studies have demonstrated the subjectivity of the link between the fight against poverty and the "good policies" recommended by the WB in the context of performance-based allocation (or selectivity), it seems relevant to question the performativity of this new instrument. Drawing jointly on actor-network theory and neo-institutional theories, we analyze the process of designing, experimenting, disseminating and implementing the instrument in the field of health policy reforms at the global level and then at the national level.At the global level, we study the conceptualization of the instrument, which we place in agenealogy of the neoliberal network's performance of development aid and global healthcarepolicies. We then analyze its experimentation in Rwanda, as part of a market-based regulationfor healthcare systems implemented through: (I) the deployment of activity-based payments to transform healthcare structures into autonomous economic actors (on the supply side), and (II) the creation of private community-based insurance structures designed to develop purchasing strategies (on the demand side). Finally, we study the instrument’s institutional diffusion under the effects of (I) a promotion of the Rwandan experiment decontextualized from the country’sspecific political situation, and (II) an incentive mechanism allowing the enrolment of both WB’sofficials and the ministries that are benefitting from the WB’s aid. At the national level, we have studied the influence strategy of a coalition of actors composedof the WB and USAID to promote the dissemination of these reforms in Senegal. We present the process of adoption of the reforms by the Ministry of Health, the failure of a competing regulatory model that was being tested by Belgian technical cooperation, and then the pressure exerted by the WB to coerce the government into internalizing the promoted model.We then put into perspective the abandonment of the market-based regulatory model that was initially announced, in favor of a new transnational regulation, materialized by activity-basedfinancing contracts that are directly controlled by the WB
Hunsmann, Moritz. "Dépolitisations d'une épidémie - La lutte internationale contre le sida et les politiques de santé en Tanzanie." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01055458.
Full textSulmont, Annabelle. "Assurer les pauvres et s'assurer des pauvres : les tourments de la micro-assurance : à partir de l'analyse des projets de micro-assurance santé et migration au Mexique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010539.
Full textMicroinsurance allows coping with consequences from a specific risk faced by a few persons. It differs from classic insurance by its normally low price and its operating rules adapted to marginalized people. Emerging products, which are the result of singular coalitions between microfinance, donors, insurers and States, have arisen various expectations and engendered several experiments. These actors have different and contradictory institutional cultures, interests and purposes. Considering that identifying these factors is decisive for understanfing the offer, we try to explain the emergence of microinsurances, which try to integrate social covers, beyond life insurance in case of disease. Health and migration products in the Mexican context enable us to observe a paradigmatic situation, offering a wealth of analytic opportunities
Sardoschau, Sulin. "Migration, aid, and conflict : essays in political economy and development." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E053.
Full textThis dissertation sheds light on the concept of globalization as a result of political competition, analyzing the sources and consequences of conflict, as well as highlighting the socio-cultural dimensions of globalization. Under the thematic umbrella of political economics and economic development, I address a broad range of topics that have been at the center of the public debate in recent years. ln particular, I explore the links between migration and culture, attitudes, aid and conflict, and the inter-generational consequences of conflict for economic development. I address these subjects both theoretically and empirically, using a broad set econometric strategies. The empirical component of this dissertation comprises a global cross-country analysis of migration and cultural proximity, a sub-national analysis on Chinese aid in Africa, and a household-level analysis on the consequences of war in Iraq
Thuilliez, Josselin. "Paludisme et développement économique." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00492496.
Full textMantes, Jean-Claude. "Urbanisation et développement économique." Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON10059.
Full textMiranda, Elflay. "Décentralisation et territorialisation du système de planification du développement dans l'état de Santa Catarina : une analyse systémique de la période 2003-2010." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00836513.
Full textNdiaye, Guirane Samba. "Institutions financières et développement économique." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00727467.
Full textKouadio, Kouassi. "Intégration économique, développement et croissance." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00274304.
Full textKouadio, Kouassi Hugues. "Intégration économique, développement et croissance." Paris 1, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00274304.
Full textRychen, Frédéric. "Infrastructures et développement économique local." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX24007.
Full textVan, Huffel Christophe. "Développement économique et disparités spatiales." Toulon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUL2002.
Full textThis analyses the nature and the evolution of urban-regional disparities during the development process. Chapter I covers empirical and theorical approaches showing that spatial inequalities rise and then decrease after a given level of development, and shed light on agglomeration-dispersion forces and the role of infrastructural and openness policies in this kind of process. Chapter II specifies three main stages of development for developing countries. Chapter III and IV prsents theorical models focusing on the relationships between infrastructures and openness, and on the role of foreign direct investments and knowledge externalities in the sape of spatial disparities. On the empirical side, chapter V analyses the openness impact on the unbalanced regional development in China
Woo, Suk-Hoon. "Croissance économique et concept de limites dans la pensée économique." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100080.
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