Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Santé mentale – France – 20e siècle'
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Odier, Samuel. "La fin de l'asile d'aliénés dans le Rhône et l'Isère : 1930-1955." Lyon 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO31005.
Full textThis work studies the end of the asylums between 1930 and 1950 with two local examples. Saint-Egrève and le Vinatier are two asylums different enough. Their administrations show the politics of public health coming from the departments of Isère and Rhône. Until the 50' insanity is treated with the notions of dangerous and poverty: asylum treats less than it takes in charge. Its reform will not only come from its administrators, who are conscious of its medical failure but from a general evolution as well (cultural, social, institutional,. . . ) that will change the insane person's status. The change in the consideration for the insane person improves medical researches and, after the enormous death rate during the Second World War; medicalization of the structure goes together with a humanization of the place, including as much the standard of living of the insane, than the evolution of the nurse team
Teixeira, Marie-Odile. "La politique de maîtrise d'ouvrage du ministère de la Santé (1960-1983) : la constitution d'un savoir-faire." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0102.
Full textThough the architecture of the hospitals built between 1960 and 1983 is deemed poor and repetitive, they constitute nowadays a large part of the french hospitalizing area and their sutdy enables us to estimate the influence of procedures on architecture. From 1960 on, the ministry of Health stes up a centralized control of each operation and enters upon a so called policy of industrialization by putting forward functional and architectural patterns fit to carry out in a shorter time and at reduced costs an important programme of renovation and modernization of the hospitals. This rigid building policy, grounded on the calling in of a small number of specialized architects and constantly the same answers was progressively relinquished from 1983 on, awing to a very critical interministerial report. Though blamed for the excessive uniformity of its realizations, it has lead to the constitution of an ability still up-to-date
Pepin, Philippe. "La mortalité infantile en Ile-de-France." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010517.
Full textInfant mortality has considerably decreased in the past two centuries since the number of children who did not reach their first birthday was 200 for 1000 live births at the beginning of the nineteenth century and less than 6 for 1000 live births in 1994 in france. The decrease was particularly important after the end of world war ii with, for the first time ever, the disappearing of infant excess mortality peaks due to the spread of epidemics, wars or unfavorable climatic conditions. In this context of very important decrease of infant mortality during the second half of the twentieth century, the ile-de-france region was at the beginning characterized by a clear under average infant mortality (around 25 % less than the average national infant mortality), but this lower mortality has progressively disappeared and since the beginning of the eighties, the infant mortality is as high (even slightly higher) in ile-de-france region than it is in france. The study of this unfavorable trend found in the ile-de-france region and its determinants was the purpose of this thesis. It proposes an analysis of infant mortality and its components in the different french regions, for the past thirty years and a precise analysis of these variables within the ile-de-france region, by + departement ; and by counties
Maugendre, Marjorie Aline. "Comportement de santé et motivation sportive chez les adolescents." Thesis, Metz, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008METZ005L/document.
Full textThe practice of a sporting activity is associated with better health but it can also be linked to health disorders among adolescents (substances use, anxiety, eating disorders). It is therefore necessary to identify what influence these health problems. To answer this question, five lines of analysis have been developed through the evaluation of the sport motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic) and achievement goals (mastery, performance approach and avoidance). A proposal for modelling the influence of these variables on the substances use among adolescents over a period of 20 months was achieved. This research was conducted among 526 adolescents aged 12 to 24 years. Data analysis has identified the essential role of sport motivation and achievement goals in the health disorders during adolescence. Take into account the motivational guidance that the young person sets up a sport, should improve interventions in sport and his well-being
Gnabro, Ouakoubo Gaston. "Techniques de l'élevage des volailles en batterie en France : développement et limites d'un système." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0082.
Full textGuilloux, Ronald. "De l'exotique au politique : la réception de l'acupuncture extrême-orientale dans le système de santé français (XVIIe-XXe siècles)." Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/guilloux_r.
Full textIn France, the opposition between official medicine and parallel medicines seems obvious. However, repaid by the Social Security Administration (1947) and taught in Faculty of Medicine (1987), acupuncture is an atypical case: an official parallel medicine. Here is that shakes the opposition and reveals its ideological nature. The jolt touches the very identity of official medicine, forcing it to question in the layers of its knowledge (its norms of cognition) and its power (its ideologies and its institutions). Thus, the debate must be brought back on the field, by unrolling the history of the relations between acupuncture and official medicine : extended to its cultural limits, the questioning will aim to unveil the ideological structure of the medical parallelism. (Part I) The first contacts between the West and the Far Eastern acupuncture (17th century) do not only draw the story of a simple needle : they reveal the ideological, political, epistemological and institutional layers of an emerging modern Western medicine (18th-19th centuries). (Part II) It is only after having seized the conditions of this emergence that one will be able to understand the new therapeutic reception in the 20th century : the epistemological and institutional trajectory that the Far Eastern acupuncture will follow to enter, to structure and to integrate the French health system. Finally, the stake is double : the discourse on medical parallelism sets the question of the statute of a marginal therapeutics in the system of health (socio-political stake) and more extensively the question of the statute of medicine in society (epistemological stake)
Umezawa, Aya. "La prison cellulaire et la folie des prisonniers : histoire des représentations de la prison et des prisonniers (1819-1848)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010585.
Full textCartron, Laure. "L' hérédité en France dans la première partie du XIXe siècle : d'une question juridique à une question sociale." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010541.
Full textMbouopda, David. "Regards d'écrivains français sur l'Afrique noire dans la deuxième moitié du vingtième siècle : du néocolonialisme à la coopération." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF20012.
Full textAt the edge of the XXIst century, the importance of "imagologie" in comparative literature cannot be ever emphasized. In fact the contact between France and Black Africa has been adversative, consecrating the dualistic Black/White as two singular and insurmountable entities. The representation of French writers on Black Africa try to make an appraisal of the last development of this situation on historical, social, cultural, political and economic plan. This brings out, in the second half of the XXth century, two cruel angles : the French look on Africa and that of Africa on the western world. It was based on conciliating, through a comparative study and an alterity block, the reflexion on motion such as : the north/south dialogue, neo-colonialism, sustainable development Franco-African cooperation; and the constitution of a positive knowledge on unpublished narrative space characterising the reception of black Africa in the imagination of the French. But it is a constellation of (various) diverse and current questions asked in varied forms detective, adventure learning, ethnology. And numerous themes, the mugger's wife, the African intelligentsia, the evolution of language and collective blindness
Moncada, Marie. "L’homéostasie idéelle. Comprendre la stabilité de l’accès aux soins des étrangers irréguliers en France et aux États-Unis (1970-2016)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV028/document.
Full textHow to understand the stability of the access to care for unauthorized immigrants in France and in the United States, from 1970 to 2016, regarding the controversies and the reforms this access is subjected to? This PhD dissertation uses two hypotheses: on one hand, negative feedbacks would control the French policy; on the other hand, a deep core belief seems to stabilize the US one. A mixed analysis (qualitative and quantitative) is done with the NVivo software on data written by interest groups (680 files in France, 881 in the United States), the press (15 625 and 16 970), the Parliament (1 366 and 1 110) and the administration (190 and 105). A hundred of interviews refined the results.This analysis ends in a belief homeostasis pendulum highlighting three activities of the deep core beliefs: a belief locking (self-censorship), a positive feedback (self-reinforcing) and a negative feedback (self-correcting). In this sense, the US policy is subjected to a belief locking while its French counterpart is dominated by negative and, to a lesser extent, positive feedbacks. But these two countries have their own deep core beliefs. The French deep core, originated from Catholicism, is tolerant towards infringement and favors equality. On the contrary, the US deep core, deriving from Protestantism, is less lenient towards breach and opts for liberty
Wanecq, Charles-Antoine. "Sauver, protéger et soigner : une histoire des secours d’urgence en France (années 1920-années 1980)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0039.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the elaboration and the social uses of the notion of vital emergency in contemporary France. The concept of emergency – defined as a need for urgent action to avoid death - constitutes an increasingly common form of medical care. Based on a study of multiple sources, including the archives of physicians, administrations, hospitals and associations, this doctoral research aims at understanding the social, economic and political processes set in motion by an accident, when one or several human lives are threatened. During the interwar period, the innovative medical and surgical techniques of the First World War were seldom implemented in the civilian world ; however the nuclear risk and the increasing mortality rate caused by road acccidents led to an organization of emergency medical services in public hospitals. This public policy was overseen by a division of the Ministry of Health. Through an analysis of the division of labour and of the technical devices which rationalized the provision of emergency care, this dissertation changes the focus of the debates on the value of human lives in the history of health and of the institutions in charge of the protection of populations
Greffion, Jérôme. "Faire passer la pilule : visiteurs médicaux et entreprises pharmaceutiques face aux médecins : une relation socio-économique sous tensions privées et publiques (1905-2014)." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0133.
Full textTo think the pharmaceutical representatives as a professional group at the boundary of the medical world and the world of the pharmaceutical industry, the author had to make use of different methods: historiographical (archives and press from associations and trade-unions), statistical (surveys from INSEE, Assurance maladie and ad hoc), ethnographic (observations of pharmaceutical representatives at work and non-directive interviews). He shows how the pharmaceutical industry has built, and continues to build, a prescriber’s market under its control in order to meet its own objectives. Three spaces are taken into consideration: the public space, that is the relationship between employers, trade-unions and public authorities; the pharmaceutical companies; the interactions between pharmaceutical representatives and doctors. In the first space, this research tells a social history of the action of the pharmaceutical representatives, the pharmaceutical companies and the state, trying to fix the shape of the system building the industry-doctors relationship. The failure of the mobilizations of the pharmaceutical representatives – a social group born in the early XXth century – and the lack of effects of the public action are underlined. This thesis shed light upon the way the industry uses managements systems to “rationalize” its sales services, adjusts the labor to the market, controls its “outdoor” employees and imposes the commercial performance. Finally, this research investigates the representative-doctor relationship. It tries to identify what is exchanged, what benefits draw the actors, and the way they interact, in this equivocal situation where a socially dominant prescriber is being canvassed. In this unsettled relationship, where the economic aspect is expressed by euphemisms, opposing power relations take place: doctors are influenced whereas dominating the pharmaceutical representatives in the interactions. The analysis of the heterogeneous relationship between doctors and representatives allow to shed light upon the lines dividing doctors, in particular between those choosing the refusal and the exit and those taking advantage of the relationship to favor their integration within their professional group
Houbre, Barbara Elisabeth. "Violence en contexte scolaire : le cas du bullying : approches psychosociales et clinique." Metz, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006METZ026L.
Full textBullying is a phenomenon that has not been much studied in France until now. This concept can be defined as a whole of negative a ctions physical, verbal or relational), repeated and lasting in time, coming from one (or several) student(a) and directed toward one (orther students). Five studies based on transversal, longitudinal or crossed methodologies let us observe this phenomenon, through its sociopsychological and clinical aspects. Results show that the identity, the efficiency of coping strategies and the physical health of students involved in bullying tends to decrease. However, the expiession of these dimensions varies if the student is a victim, a bully, or a bully-victim. Thus, victims and bully-victims tend to be more directly concemed by those problems than bullies are. Moreover, in the worst cases, bullying seems to generate post-traumatic stress disorders bundled with identity troubles and shattered fundamental assumptions which the student have about himself and the external world. Additionally, students involved in bullying seem to show elements of narcissistic and sexual identifications troubles as well as inadequat educational practices. Ln the case of bullies and bully-victim, we can more pecifically observe a deficient mentalization. Based on those different results, we suggest several applied perspectives in terms of prevention and therapeutic handling
Frioux, Stéphane. "Les réseaux de la modernité : amélioration de l'environnement et diffusion de l'innovation dans la France urbaine (fin XIXe siècle - années 1950)." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00447952.
Full textDerghazarian, Gérald. "Le code du travail, la législation sociale et le parlement pendant la guerre de 1914-1918." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010260.
Full textThe first world war has been marked by the numerous legislative interventions for working rights and the social security. The examination quantitative of parliamentary work which had taken place at the chamber of deputies and the senate, gives a mesure of the portion consacrated to social legislation. The role of each parliamentary group can be determined still according to the same methods, thus in this manner over the periods, the chambers have revealed the most interest for this topic. The criteres detained in trying to define the social legislation have grown larger due to the particular circumstances of the great war. The context has in effect favoured the elaboration of the lows for working man, and equally the cohesion of texts that even it they have not succeeded in their aim during this period, they have had a lasting effect on the work legislation as with the social security and assistance
Lefort, Isabelle. "Géographie savante - géographie scolaire (1870-1970) : éléments pour une histoire de la pensée géographique." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010527.
Full textFor a hundred years, reglementary structures of geography didn't change much. Beeing instituted in secondary schools in 1870, after end because the defeat. Geography was not very modified in the programm, particurlaly from 1902, but, about the same time, scientific geography, which was nomenclatural and historical , became a scientific subject with the works of p. Vidal de la blache. Before p. Vidal scientific people such as e. Lavasseur or m. Dubois worked to establish a new scientific and a new geography at school. But vidalian geography became integrated into reglementary unsuited strucutres, which disrupted its consistency and its methodological bases. Scientific geography, which proceeds from particular object - regional monography- t0 general one, fit into educational process which is based on an opposite one. More over, the simplification, of the scientificgeography is such that geography at school became devoid if interest and completely tyopological. At first, geography at school needed scientific and reference subject ; after, it revealed in the same time the weaknesses of scienctif geography and diverted its meaning
Huillery, Elise. "Histoire coloniale : développement et inégalités dans l'ancienne Afrique occidentale française." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0111.
Full textThis PhD dissertation uses first-hand historical data on colonial French West Africa. First, I focus on the costs and benefits of colonial experience for France and its former colonies. I review the existing literature and show that evidence on whether colonialism was a costly or beneficiary experience for France is not clear yet. Then I provide an answer on the direct cost of French West Africa for French public expenses: this cost turns out to be very small -on average 0. 1 % of all public expenses. Few public investments were made during colonial times and almost all of them were financed by local population itself. Using econometrics, the thesis then seeks to provide evidence on the long term impact of colonial experience on current performances. I show that early colonial public investments m education, health and public works had large and persistent effects on current outcomes, and that a major channel for the long term effect of early investments is a strong persistence of investments: regions that got more of a specific type of investment at the early colonial times continued to get more of this particular type of investment. Finally, I give evidence that Europeans tended to settle in more prosperous pre-colonial areas and that the European settlement had a strong positive impact on current outcomes. I argue that the African hostility towards colonial power to colonisation provides a random variation in European settlement. Despite, the absence of a "reversal of fortune" within former French West Africa, some of the most prosperous pre-colonial areas lost their advantage because of their hostility: other areas caught up and became the new leaders in the region
Tavakoli, Aram. "L' image de la femme dans les nouvelles de Paul Morand." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030022.
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