Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Santé publique – La Réunion (France ; île)'
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Vaillant, Zoé. "La Réunion, koman i lé ? : les constructions socio-territoriales de santé à l'île de la Réunion." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100019.
Full textHow could the place where people live have a part in promoting (improving) or deteriorating their health ? The researcher analyse health socio-territorial constructions on La Réunion island. He tries to bring together the backdrop corresponding to the populations' "environnent", which would explain how, beside social or individual characteristics, risk exposure can be influenced by living locations. Local health constructions appear to be, in each location, specific combinations of all aspects of "the environnent", term including numerous and varied aspects of life (ecological and biological data, social and family relationships, health services supplying) which surrounds and "deterrnines" populations' health. Two quarter comparative monographs (exploration of the conditions of social relationships within the districts, the spatial representations and practical experiences, social and health support authorities appropriation modes, localized active and passive treatment methods) shows processes that are firmly-rooted and filled in a territorialized daily /ife, through which the inhabitants' health builds up or worsens
Bouhier-Roddier, Muriel. "Le diabète, entre culture et santé publique : approche anthropologique des représentations du diabète de type 2 à la Réunion." La Réunion, 1999. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/99_20_Bouhier.pdf.
Full textBalcou-Debussche, Maryvette. "Pratiques scripturales en formation professionnelle : construction des modes de socialisation et des stratifications sociales : analyse et comparaison de quatre lieux de formation professionnelle dans le domaine de la santé." Amiens, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AMIE0010.
Full textMaillard, Bruno. "Les noirs des geôles : la répression pénale des esclaves à l'Ile Bourbon, entre puissance publique et pouvoir despotique des maîtres 1815-1848." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070004.
Full textBetween 1815 and 1848, on the Ile Bourbon, slaves who were found guilty of an offense were almost exclusively sentenced to one or another specific form of imprisonment. Why should such a metamorphosis of the penal System occur when, during the XVIIh and XVIIIth centuries, it was still centred on whipping, mutilation or death? This phenomenon was first of all induced by the strategies designed by public authority, then represented by the Ministry of Navy in Paris and by the governor's administration in the colony, that aimed both at assimilating the repressive legal System practiced on the ile Bourbon with the one established in the Metropole and at curbing the judicial prerogatives exercised by slaveholders on their lands. The latter, however, taking advantage of their being represented in local and national institutions, such as the delegation for the colonies or the colonial council, devised several schemes to lay down their vision of penitential and penal law. As for the "black" in jail, whose status wavered between object and juridical person, they came up with various forms of resistance to this new oppressive structure peculiar to the colonial slave society. At the crossroads of all of these strategies, tactics and acts of resistance triggered off by the protagonists of this page in history, there apparently materialises the choices, mechanisms and what is at stake, whether openly or indirectly, in this penal repression
Cadet, Jean-Maurice. "Le rayonnement solaire ultraviolet de surface en région tropicale, validation instrumentale, climatologie et impacts sur la santé." Thesis, La Réunion, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LARE0019.
Full textThe main causes of skin cancer are human behavior change and the increase of surface ultraviolet radiation, in response to atmospheric parameters changes (stratospheric ozone, clouds, or aerosols) due to climate change or anthropogenic activities. Taking into account their geographic position, tropical regions receive the maximum of solar UV irradiance. The risk related to UV is very high, due to the demography or increase in outdoor activities. The precise UV measurement then becomes very important. One of the purpose of this PhD thesis was the evaluation of different UV measurement instruments in comparison to a reference one. Comparison to satellite UV measurements was also performed. A trend study was done by using ground-based UV database at Saint-Denis. An increase trend in UVI was found. This increase may be due to ozone change or to cloud change in response to the increase of sea temperature caused by climate change. Following that comparison work, UV exposure work was done in popular sites where people are exposed to extreme UV radiation, in altitude for example. Réunion island is a mountainous well-known for its several possibilities of hikes and outdoors activities. The measurement performed during the Maïdo - Grand Bénare hike, for example, showed that people can be exposed up to 60 standard erythemal doses, what corresponds to several times the minimal threshold to elicit sunburn whatever the sun phototype. Therefore, the public must be informed of the danger of UV exposure. Along with more awareness campaigns and more efficient measuring devices placed around the island, a general understanding of UVR will improve, thereby reducing the risks linked to excess exposure resulting from insufficient UVR protection
Giacomoni, Caroline. "Les représentations de la maladie du cancer liée aux modes de vie et comportements à risque chez les jeunes Réunionnais." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0438.
Full textThe doctoral work in health anthropology ficuses on cancer representations among youth of Réunion Island. It shows the link made between lifestyles, risk behaviors and cancer disease, through several types of consumptions (food, alcohol, cannabis, tobacco) and behaviors (tanning) frequently encountered in the young population. The study seeks to identify the particularities of cancer representations in réunion context; and wants to understand how the various images linked to cancer are based, transmitted and how they take root in young healthy. If the exoticism of cancer representations is not clear, the study reveals nevertheless certain characteristics of "youth group" in which, the miscegenation of knowledge, that come from various vectors such as media, family, school, neighborhood friends, etc. , characterizes the young representational process regarding cancer in opposition traditional/modern. Moreover, it highlights the socio-cultural issues facing life-threatening cancer (calling into question the social role, the body representations facing this disease). In the end, this doctoral work provides information on society of réunion Island through the lens of cancer representations of its youth
Naria, Olivier. "Les pratiques sportives à l'île de la Réunion : contribution à l'analyse d'un espace géographique atypique." La Réunion, 2005. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/05_23_Naria.pdf.
Full textThe subject of this thesis cornes from established facts at La Reunion. At a tirne when the Reunion territorial collectivities have the challenge to put in place territorial development diagrams, for a long-term development in sports and other fields, the actors have a little knowledge of evolution and organization of federal sport organizations. What were the stages of the diffusion of sporting activities at La Reunion? How were built the sporting equipments in the region? What are the spatial behaviour of sporting participants? How can we characterize the spatial variations of Reunion sport? This study is in the field of social and culturel geography, and is linked around the notions of space and territory, The first part defines the theoretica! firame and the key concepts of analysis to determine the proper methodology to answer our questions on space and regional sporting practice. The second part explains the origins and the diffusion of the sport phenomena at La Reunion. It is followed by the heavy tendancies of the structural evolution of sport, viewed through the licensees, clubs and the local collectivities. To study this part, factors like politics, culture, socio-economy, urbanization and medias are used. The third part examines the spatial dynamics and the specificity of development politics for sporting equipments, After looking at the regional setting, we look at the municipal sporting equipment implantations. To explain the problems of sporting strutures, it is necessary to see the relations between the regional and local variations and dynamics, as well as the stake for building sporting equipments. The fourth part studies the geography of licensees and sporting clubs, From the mobility of players, we can look at the disparities of space. The participants flow in relation with the spatial settings of clubs and sporting equipments can explain the local reality of territorial sport activities. The recruitement strategies for sporting structures are put in relationships with the objectives of the clubs and the expectation of the sport participants. In conclusion, we propose a perspective of these different aspects of sport at La Reunion, and we put forward some propositions for the territorial development of local sport activities
Combeau-Mari, Évelyne. "Les politiques d'éducation physique et des sports à La Réunion de 1946 à la fin des années 60 : les effets d'une départementalisation." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10325.
Full textLaudié-Lecomte, Nancy. "Le compromis agricole réunionnais, mutation sectorielle et construction territoriale à l'île de la Réunion (des origines à l'heure européenne)." Montpellier, ENSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENSA0031.
Full textThis study sets out to explore the paradox constituted by the dynamism of agriculture in Réunion with respect to the island's natural and socio-economic constraints, and the rapid marginalisation of agriculture in the macro economic aggregates. Based on a re-examination of the economic and institutional trajectory taken by Réunion in the last centuries, priority is given to the identification of actors, their strategies and their interdependences, as well as the way in which the balance of power bas changed. This analysis shows that the present configuration and specific status of local agriculture can be explained by the compromises that have been reached at sectorial and territorial levels. The enquiry into the dynamics of the agricultural sector and the various ways in which they are regulated, then into the cross-dynamics of the strategies of dominant industrial and commercial groups, and the interplay of local politics, reveals a network-based logic related to the defence and the promotion of Réunion interests. This opens the door to a clearer understanding of the mobilisation of public fundings to agriculture, not just in Réunion, but also at national and European levels
Navin, Nelson. "L'opinion publique à La Réunion (1974-1995) - Fondements politiques et culturels d’une (re)construction identitaire." Thesis, La Réunion, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LARE0027/document.
Full textPublic opinion more or less exerts pressure on political systems, for people feel concerned about the way they are ruled. Hence the theme of public opinion underlies any society. Analysing the making of opinion enables one to understand which are the ideas of a society at a precise time. Because of its particular populating and recent history, the Reunionese society is a highly interesting topic to work on. Our purpose is to look for the existence of a Reunionese public opinion and its characteristics. As far as political, economical and social fields are concerned, Reunion island underwent deep changes from 1974 to 1995. The Reunionese public opinion largely changed throughout that development process. In 1976, the creation of the Quotidien de La Réunion newspaper had a lead role in that evolution. The opinion press thus gave way to information press. But in the late 1970's, the Reunionese society was still lagging behind in the economical and social fields, in spite of Michel Debré’s instigation at the beginning of the 1960’s. The debates between the autonomists and the departmentalists about the future status of the island grew more bitter since the issue of the status had to take into account the elaboration of a complex identity and development strategies. The political stakes trapped the Reunionese identity – culturally linked to the Indian Ocean area countries but historically linked to continental France, within a controversy with no way out. François Mitterrand’s election drove the Reunionese communist party to give up the struggle for autonomy, and as a consequence to put an end to the splitting into two opposing blocks of the Reunionese society. The 1981's “radio broadcasting liberalisation” followed by the illegal creation of Télé Free Dom in 1986 confirmed the need for expression felt by the Reunionese people. One could detect a new Creole identity through that cultural renewal. The 1991's events showed violence and looting scenes but all the more highlighted the frailties and contradictions of the Reunionese society. Those events might have been the climax of an identity crisis of a society in search of its bases but that now claims for roots both in the European and the Indian Ocean cultural and economical spheres
Maillot, Ulrich. "La perception du développement durable à la Réunion : entre discours et réalité, politiques publiques et perceptions d'acteurs." Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0015/document.
Full textSince 2002, three institutionnal players ad an economic player developed different policies for sustainable development in La Reunion. The Regional Council was the first to launch into with its agenda 21 and « Le Plan Réunionnais de Développement Durable ». He was followed by the General Council with the « Schéma Départemental d'Aménagement et de Développement Durable » in 2004, by La Réunion Économique in 2006 with « Reunion ïle Verte 2030 » and finally by the French State in 2007 with GERRI. This thesis aims to determine whether there is a sustainable dévelopment strategy shared by all the local actors. It also aims to identify whether there is a gap between the discourse of different actors about the concept of sustainable development and the action taken. These objectives lead us to take stoke of actions taken in La Reunion to justify the gap between rhetoric and reality, public policy and actor’s perceptions in the field of sustainable development. To fulfill these objectives, the research protocole implemented focused on three actors : political, socio-economic player and the population. For each of these actors, the objectif was to identify the type of action developed in the context of sustainable development and to define the associated representation. political actor have often take advantage of the ambiguity of the concept to engage in this process, or at least in its « communication » component. The concept of sustainable development is reduced to its simple expression of the protection of an environment that should provides services to the population. This adherence to the « environmental protection » hide an utilitarian view of the environment. It’s therefore a sustainability approach that could be described as « weak » and that seems to emerge in La Reunion
Pepin, Philippe. "La mortalité infantile en Ile-de-France." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010517.
Full textInfant mortality has considerably decreased in the past two centuries since the number of children who did not reach their first birthday was 200 for 1000 live births at the beginning of the nineteenth century and less than 6 for 1000 live births in 1994 in france. The decrease was particularly important after the end of world war ii with, for the first time ever, the disappearing of infant excess mortality peaks due to the spread of epidemics, wars or unfavorable climatic conditions. In this context of very important decrease of infant mortality during the second half of the twentieth century, the ile-de-france region was at the beginning characterized by a clear under average infant mortality (around 25 % less than the average national infant mortality), but this lower mortality has progressively disappeared and since the beginning of the eighties, the infant mortality is as high (even slightly higher) in ile-de-france region than it is in france. The study of this unfavorable trend found in the ile-de-france region and its determinants was the purpose of this thesis. It proposes an analysis of infant mortality and its components in the different french regions, for the past thirty years and a precise analysis of these variables within the ile-de-france region, by + departement ; and by counties
Meha, Christelle. "Forêt et risque de santé publique : le cas de la borréliose de Lyme. Application à la forêt périurbaine de Sénart (Île-de-France)." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Sorbonne - Paris IV, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00980387.
Full textKlein, Armelle. "Connaissances, pratiques et acceptabilité des gérontechnologies à La Réunion." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0037.
Full textThis PhD thesis aims at understanding the emergence, the stakes and the acceptability of gerontechnologies in Reunion Island. Since the early 2000s, new technologies in health and autonomy became increasingly important in the public debate on aging. Since the 1960s, public policies of old age are built on a paradigm shift of aging. This paradigm has switched from a conception based on the autonomy loss to a more global conception taking into account all individual situations and existence fields impacted by age. Moreover, they have been built leaving more and more latitudes to the territories for the aging 'management'. Reunion Island is experiencing a rapid aging of its population in a high poverty context. This context encourages the territory to innovate and find global solutions in the most anticipated way possible. The social and technological innovations studied in this thesis allow two analysis levels. Based on the autonomy loss and prevention management, the first level is related to the gerontological analysis and highlights the importance of institutional context as a framework for regulating the relationship between individuals and innovation. The second level is closer to the elderly concerned by the use of these health and autonomy technologies. The complexity of the acceptability process can be analyzed through the prism of social reconfigurations induced by aging
Kamkar, Paradis. "Le photovoltaïque, une « innovation verte » à l'épreuve du droit : analyse synthétique et critique du cadre juridique photovoltaïque visant le particulier à la Réunion." Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0018.
Full textFacing a weakening photovoltaic market and a sector already bedeviled recently by a huge increase of legal texts, private investors decrease. This thesis tackles legal framework concerning photovoltaic energy in Reunion Island. This will include the analysis of fiscal incentives such as investment grants and tax preferences, as well as more general environmental policy instruments (feed-in-tariffs and renewable subsidies and grants). Moreover, this will include the analysis of contracts such as loan agreement, sale contract, lease agreement and connection/Commissioning contracts, as well as more environmental aspect. At last, risks, insurances, liability comprising legal proceedings and guarantees will be studied in this thesis
Richefort, Lionel. "Processus de sélection des technologies d'irrigation par les agriculteurs : entre interactions sociales et choix rationnels." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00409012.
Full textDupé, Sandrine. "Séparer les moustiques des humains à La Réunion. Co-production d'un nouvel ordre socio-naturel en contexte post-colonial." Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0022/document.
Full textIn 2005-6, the chikungunya virus, transmitted by the Aedes albopictus mosquito, affects 38% of the inhabitants of Reunion Island. This outbreak marks the end of the systematic use of insecticides and the consolidation of health policies. Public authorities enlist citizens and mosquitoes in the development of new frontiers, material and symbolic, between the two species. This thesis aims to examine the effects of these changes in practices on the social relations of power in post-colonial context, and the relationship between humans and mosquitoes.To apprehend the socio-natural dynamics at work, a combinatorial ethnography allowed to observe the co-construction of knowledge and practices in several areas where the distancing mosquitoes gets organized. It was based on the collection of speeches and observing practices in the vector control service, in the heart of a research team on the Sterile insect technique (to release sterile mosquitoes on the island) and from non-control professionals. A collection of articles and archives finalized to constitute the body of data.The aim of this thesis is to show that far from making a simple separation between humans and mosquitoes, new management practices have intensified their interactions. In parallel, it proposes a reflection on the dynamics associated with the coexistence of several interpretive systems, allowing to understand - or not - the collective management of epidemic risk. This is an opportunity to reflect on the relationship between the state, scientists and citizens
Chambon, Christine. "Coopération entre le CHRU de Saint-Etienne et un hôpital malgache." Saint-Etienne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STET6228.
Full textCalcine, Marie Paule. "Particularités de l'inclusion des enfants et adolescents handicapés mentaux à l'Ile de la Réunion : une situation liminaire." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC031.
Full textSocial policies nowadays aim at reducing inequalities in access to rights: reinforce access to full citizenship for people with disabilities and build an inclusive society. The concept of "inclusion" is gradually substituting that of "integration", following the change of paradigm. In other words, it is no longer up to the person with “special needs” to adapt himself to a so-called "normal" system. It’s up to society to ensure that everybody is included, regardless of his particularities. Solidarity is everyone's responsibility. The sociological context of Reunion Island is quite particular: it has known a colonial history before its accession to the statute of French department in 1946, which has accelerated its socio-economic development. This Overseas Department presents the advantages of an industrial society, without any natural resources. The various cultural and religious practices in such a small territory due to the melding of populations make the people of Reunion island singular. Their representation of handicap and its social treatment are strongly influenced. This society has developed spheres of inclusion with particular codes that are quite different from those of the French metropolitan society. Therefore, these particular codes are sometimes different from those practiced in school. And children with mental disabilities live in a sort of airlock between the family and school spheres, where some students stagnate, in the liminality. Nowadays all stakeholders, families, teachers and social workers, try to rely on new schemes to achieve a better inclusion for these children
Fianu, Adrian. "Effet à long terme et transférabilité d'un programme de prévention primaire du diabète de type 2 dans les quartiers vulnérables à la Réunion." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30115.
Full textType 2 diabetes (T2D) is more prevalent in the French overseas territories than it is in mainland France. This observation is even more valid with respect to the disadvantaged neighbourhoods of overseas territories. Indeed, the population in these neighbourhoods is exposed to social determinants that favour the onset of T2D, including lower access to health care. In this context, we put forward the hypothesis that improvements in behaviour for risk factor reduction according to a primary prevention approach within a vulnerable neighbourhood constitute an appropriate strategy for ameliorating the health of the local population. In order to test this hypothesis, we evaluated the long-term effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention conducted in 2001-2003 and aimed at reducing the risk of T2D through weight loss in 445 high-risk non-diabetic overweight or obese subjects aged 18-40 years and living in two disadvantaged neighbourhoods of Reunion Island. Nine years after the inclusion in the intervention control trial, the follow-up of participants revealed a reduction in adiposity levels in the intervention group compared with the control group. This suggests that the initiation of changes in diet and physical activity combined with community health practices and improving prevention access within district present long-term health benefits in a context where "obesogenic" environmental and living conditions prevail. Following this epidemiological study focused on the validation of a primary preventive model for the vulnerable populations of Reunion Island, we examined the transferability of this type of intervention. Public health interventions constitute "black boxes" that are difficult to describe, evaluate and transfer. An intervention cannot be transferred as a whole to a new implementation context, as this could lead to a lack of reproducibility that would be impossible to explain. In this perspective, it seems useful to separate the intervention's "standardisable by function" and potentially transferable theoretical processes (the key functions) from the concrete and context-dependent activities implemented in the field, as well as to identify the significant contextual elements that may alter the intervention. The construction of the key functions/implementation/context model (FIC) and the clarification of the causality model of the prevention program - based on a retrospective collaborative approach that involved a project leader, field worker and researchers from several disciplines - enabled us to better describe the studied intervention, to analyse its transferability, and to discuss its evaluation. This lifestyle intervention was composed of thirteen key functions distributed into three action strategies aimed at reducing social inequalities (strengthening individuals, strengthening communities, improving living conditions) and six specific underlying goals. The causality model included individual, meso-social and environmental health determinants. In 2004, the program was transferred to another vulnerable neighbourhood of Reunion Island. The analysis of the program transfer shows that some of the key functions, modalities of implementation and contextual elements were potentially involved in the transferability of this intervention. A wider range of result indicators, data analyses, and population research methods may be needed to improve the evaluation of the intervention's impact in the neighbourhood's social network