Academic literature on the topic 'Saparate'

SELVASAPARA.COM es una plataforma web construida y pensada como una herramientade educación y difusión de la memoria de cuatro comunidades saparas de la Amazoníaecuatoriana. Es una interpretación multimedia de la vida de un grupo de hombres ymujeres que hoy protegen su territorio de la llegada de dos pozos petroleros que ponen enpeligro conocimientos medicinales milenarios, la lengua sapara y la vida de esta selva únicaen el mundo.

Salatiga is a city located in Central Java Province where the community consists of various tribes, different backgrounds, and beliefs. Salatiga has a tradition of Saparan, there are some areas that still adhere to the tradition of Saparan as a legacy of elderly. Saparan di Tegalrejo is held every once a year in a Sapar month that is identical with village Merti activities or maintaining the village. Each tradition procession has its own meaning and values that are used as a guideline for society. By using a qualitative approach and linear strategy, a documentary media is produced that can visualize the meaning and value in the existing Saparan tradition in Tegalrejo Salatiga village to the audience.

Directly conversion of CO2 to propanol using C2H4 and H2 had succeeded over Au/SiO2 catalyst in one reactor mode. However, application of new dual-reactor concept enhaned the catalytic activity strongly by using two saparated reactors. To this details, a first reactor is used to convert CO2 to CO through the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction, consecutive hydroformylation of C2H4 with resulting CO and H2 to propanal and finally the hydrogenation of propanal to propanol takes place in a second reactor at a different temperature. The selectivity to oxo products (propanol and propanal) increased from 15% up to 60% while yeild of oxo products improved from 7% to 15% in comparison with the previous publications.

Tegalrejo is the only sub-district in Salatiga that still preserves the tayuban, a traditional dance where men dance directly with women. The dance is performed each year as the climax in the village cleansing ceremony of the Saparan festival. The tayuban, which is an important function in the ceremony, has been passed down from generation to generation is well maintained by the people of Tegalrejo sub-district. The tayuban also functions as an entertainment for the local people. This qualitative research aims to describe the tayuban and its elements. The data were collected from interviews, observation, and available documents. The research has found that the elements of the tayuban include ledhek (female dancers), pengrawit (gamelan musicians), penjanggrung (men who dance together with ledheks), and offerings.

The aim of this paper is to reveal several factors why war on drugs is still adopted by The Indonesian goverment and to offer an alternative approach as a problem solver. Therefore, the paper utilizes a literature review by collecting data from books, journals, news articles, and research reports. The results indicate that some factors consist of: (a) The New Order as previous generation failed to notice the dangers of drugs; (b) Since the New Order, the government is not committed to reveal the involvement of political actors in the drug problem; (c), SBY did not show a firm attitude to the drug problem; (d), Jokowi is the product of the previous generation, the New Order, who may believe that drug issues can be solved by legal approach; (e) Political affiliation between Jokowi and Megawati at PDI-P; (f) The war on drugs is a populist policy and can not be saparated from political interests. As a result, war on drugs in Indonesia is war on young generation because the greatest victim of the policy is the lives of the young generation. To get out of this trap, the government should prevent individuals and groups from social exclusion because social dimensions frequently precede the drug issues and become a stumbling block for those who are addicted to get out of the drug problem.

<em>Program pengabdian masyarakat ini merupakan salah satu implementasi dari penerapan KKN- PPM yang bertujuan untuk dapat memotivasi kemauan belajar siswa, melatih keterampilan siswa dalam pengerjaan soal ujian nasional berbasis nasional(USBN), menambah wawasan serta pengalaman baru, melatih kemandirian dan keaktifan siswa dengan adanya bimbingan belajar. Pembahasan soal ujian nasional berbasis nasional (USBN) difokuskan pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia, IPA dan Matematika. Kegiatan KKN- PPM adalah memberikan Program Bimbingan Belajar dalam Pembahasan Soal USBN yaitu siswa kelas VI SDN 05 Saparan, Desa Kumba, Kecamatan Jagoi Babang, Kelurahan Bengkayang yang berjumlah 13 orang dengan 6 laki-laki dan 7 orang perempuan. Metode kegiatan menggunakan pendekatan edukatif dengan metode ceramah, tanya jawab dan diskusi kelompok. Hasil dari kegiatan KKN-PPM ini menunjukkan bahwa BIMBEL yang peneliti lakukan dapat dikatakan sudah berhasil dengan metode dan strategi yang santai dan menyenangkan sehingga didapatkan respon positif dari siswa yang terkait di dalam pembelajaran bimbingan belajar ini.</em>

Background: Mangrove forests are one of the unique natural ecosystems with high ecological value. Mangrove ecosystems are one of the areas with high productivity because there are litter and decomposition of litter and detritus occurs. This study was conducted to determine the association between gastropods and mangrove plants. Method: Research on gastropod association with mangrove plants in the coastal waters of Tiouw Village and Haria Village was conducted in January 2018. Results: This study found from gastropods 6 species namely variabilis strombus, microurceus strombus, Nassarius luridus, Strombus urceus, Cypraea annulus, Strombus, Strombus, Nerita squamulata. From the mangrove plants, 10 species were found: Avicennia eucalyptifolia, Avicennia lanata, Bruguiera sexangula, Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguiera hainessi, Aegiceras floridum R, Aegiceras curniculatum L, Bruguiera palviflora, Bruguiera exaristafa, Ceriops tagal. Conclusion: Association values ​​ranged from 0.741-0.9773 with positive and negative types. This means that both types of seagrass are often found together or not found together in the observation location

Le maintien et le développement des formations forestières dépendent du degré d’anthropisationet des conditions du milieu. Le Tchad dispose d’importantes formations forestières parsemées dans sapartie sud. Certaines d’entre elles, notamment celle de Yamba Berté, au nord-ouest de la ville de Kélo, ontsubi, au cours des dernières décennies, une dynamique régressive préjudiciable à l’équilibre écologique. Cetteétude analyse l’évolution de l’occupation du sol et des peuplements ligneux en relation avec les usages etpratiques agropastoraux dans la formation forestière classée de Yamba Berté et autour d’elle. La méthodologiecombine une approche analytique des images satellites couvrant la zone d’étude et des enquêtes deterrain sur la perception de la dynamique par les populations. Cette démarche répond au souci de mettre enplace un outil diagnostique qui s’appuie sur les données spatiales et sur les perceptions des populationslocales pour étudier la dynamique des formations forestières dans une perspective de gestion durable desressources naturelles en zone de savane. Les premiers résultats montrent que la perception des populationsest en conformité avec les caractéristiques et tendances évolutives observées.

This review focuses both on the basic formulations of bioheat equation in the living tissue and on the determination of thermal dose during thermal therapy. The temperature distributions inside the heated tissues, generally controlled by heating modalities, are obtained by solving the bioheat transfer equation. However, the major criticism for the Pennes' model focused on the assumption that the heat transfer by blood flow occurs in a non-directional, heat sink- or source-like term. Several bioheat transfer models have been introduced to compare their convective and perfusive effects in vascular tissues. The present review also elucidates thermal dose equivalence that represents the extent of thermal damage or destruction of tissue in the clinical treatment of tumor with local hyperthermia. In addition, this study uses the porous medium concept to describe the heat transfer in the living tissue with the directional effect of blood flow, and the polynomial expression of thermal dose in terms of the curve fitting of the experimental isosurvival curve data by Dewey et al. Results show that the values of factor R is a function of the heating temperature instead of the two different constants suggested by Sapareto and Dewey.

Rapporten behandlar ämnet att göra det enklare att öppna plastpåsar och görs på uppdrag av Leif Gustavsson vid Binar Elektronik AB i Trollhättan. Arbetetet utförs i kursen Examensarbete för högskoleingenjörsexamen i innovationsteknik och design, MSGC12 vid fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap på Karlstad universitet under våren 2013. Idag sker öppnandet av påsar ofta genom att ett tumme-pekfingergrepp skjuvar isär påsens väggar. Informationssökningen visar att behovet av en lösning som gör det enklare att öppna olika typer av plastpåsar i butik och inom hushåll är mycket stort för människor både med och utan funktionsnedsättning. Dels ur ett användningsperspektiv, då operationen kräver en hög motorisk förmåga men även ur ett smittspridningsperspektiv, då fingrarna ofta måste blötas med saliv för att åstadkomma tillräckligt hög friktion mot påsen för att skjuva upp den. Eftersom individen då får i sig de bakterier hon har på handen och för sina munhålebakterier vidare när hon tar i ett annat föremål. Även om ett fåtal patent påträffas inom området finns inga lösningar tillgängliga på marknaden för föreskrivna hjälpmedel eller för produkter inom egenansvar. Utifrån uppdragsgivarens krav, egna premisser, vad som observeras i butik och framkommit från intervjuer med butiksvan säljare, hygiensköterska, arbetsterapeut, utredare vid socialtjänsten samt vid samtal med Reumatikerförbundet har en produktspecifikation gjorts. Specifikationen ställer bland annat krav på användarvänlighet, att kunna brukas i butik och inom hushåll, att minimera smittspridning, att hjälpa funktionsnedsatta samt att tillåta storserietillverkning till låg kostnad. Konceptgenerering sker tillsammans med kurskamrater som är bekanta med den kreativa processens metodik och med reumatiker som är väl bekanta med behovet. Det leder till att ett trettiotal konceptuella lösningar tas fram som sedan utvärderas med hjälp av eliminerings-, relativ besluts- och kriterieviktsmatriser samt spindelvävsdiagram som bygger på den kravspecifikation som tidigare definierats. Den valda lösningen konfigureras och testas vid prototyptillverkning med återkoppling till den slutliga användaren, för att sedan få sin slutkonstruktion och mönsterskyddas. Lösningen är en produkt som orsakar skjuvning med sin osymmetriska u-form genom att armarna i sträcks i olika riktningar vid kompression samtidigt som dess gap är försett med friktionsmaterial som gör att påsens väggar skjuvas isär. Produktens enkla form gör det enklare att öppna plastpåsar samtidigt som den minimerar smittspridning och tillåter storserietillverkning till låg kostnad. Enkelheten gör det även möjligt att ge indirekt skydd av den tekniska funktionen genom mönsterskydd av form. Produktens material, tillverkning och dimension behöver dock specificeras noggrannare genom produkttest så att konstruktionen tillåter lämplig skjuvning för att kunna öppna en plastpåse.
The report deals with the subject of making it easier to open plastic bags and is commissioned by Leif Gustavsson at Binar Elektronik AB in Trollhättan. The work is performed within the course Degree project for Degree of Bachelor of Science in Innovation and Design Engineering, MSGC12 at the Faculty of Health, Nature and Engineering Science at Karlstad University in the spring of 2013. Today the opening of the plastic bags often is performed by a thumb-index finger grip that shears apart the walls of the bag. The research shows that the need for a solution that makes it easier to open different types of plastic bags in stores and within households is very high for people with and without disabilities. Both from a usage perspective when the operation requires a high motor performance but also from a contamination perspective when fingers often have to be soaked with saliva to provide sufficient friction against the bag to shear it up. The individual then ingests the bacteria she has on her hand and passing her oral cavity further on when she touches another object. Although a few patents were found within the area there are no solutions available in the market. Based on the requirements from the employer, the author’s own terms, what is observed in the store and emerged from interviews with experienced seller, health nurse, occupational therapist, researcher at the social services and in conversation with the Swedish Rheumatism Association a product specification was made. The specification includes requirements on ease of use, to be managed in-store and in households, to minimize the spread of infection, to help the disabled and to allow large series manufacturing at a low cost. Concept generation was performed together with fellow students who are familiar with the methodology of the creative process and with rheumatics who are well acquainted with the need of making it easier to open plastic bags. Approximately thirty conceptual solutions are developed, which is being evaluated by means of elimination, relative decision-making and criterion-weight matrixes and web charts based on the product specification previously defined. The final choice of solution is configured and prototypes constructed. Feedback from the user leads to the final product design and the design was protected. The product causes shearing with its asymmetrical U shape by stretching its arms in different directions during compression while its mouth is provided with friction material that allows the walls of the bag to be sheared apart. The product's simple design makes it easier to open plastic bags while at the same time minimizing the spread of infection and allowing large series manufacturing at a low cost. The simplicity also makes it possible to provide indirect protection of the technical function through design. Although the product’s materials, manufacturing and dimension needs to be specified more accurately by tests to confirm that the design allows adequate shear to open a plastic bag.

Orientador: Nadia Farage
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T21:20:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cavalcante_OlendinadeCarvalho_D.pdf: 8478819 bytes, checksum: 8dada5f133a8e75e2ed879b842df87db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Com base na memória oral essa tese aborda a recomposição de um etnônimo singular, os Sapará, e seu significado político atual. Presente na documentação histórica relativa ao século XVIII, esse etnônimo, como tantos outros, começou a, paulatinamente, cair em desuso durante o século XIX e chegou ao século XX referenciado a uma parentela vivendo entre os Makuxi e Taurepang, no médio Uraricoera, cuja evocação guarda o sentido político do passado como diacrítico na luta presente por direitos territoriais. Como pano de fundo de tal recomposição, a tese analisa o impacto da colonização sobre a população indígena no rio Uraricoera, os movimentos populacionais e retrações territoriais. Nessa região as terras indígenas foram demarcadas em áreas descontinuas, entre fazendas, assentamentos agrícolas e núcleos urbanos, caracterizando-se como área endêmica, com grande potencial para conflitos pela terra
Abstract: This dissertation addresses the meaning of oral memory in the recomposition of a singular ethnonymon, the Sapará. It appears in the historical sources during the XVIII century, and begins to disappear in the XIX century. In the XX century the ethnonymon refered to only one family, living among the Mukuxi and Taurenpang Indians, in the middle portion of Uraricoera River. Such memory embraces the political meaning of past as diacritic in the struggle for territorial rights in the current days. In addition the dissertation also deals with the impact of colonization, showing the population movement and territorial retraction on the indigenous people of Uraricoera. In this region, the indigenous lands are demarcated in small tracks, scattered among farms, agriculture settlements, and urban centers, characterizing as endemic areas for land conflicts
Doutorado
Historia Indigena e do Indigenismo
Doutor em Antropologia Social

Based upon the commonly used Sapareto-Dewey thermal dose formula, a thermal treatment is divided into four periods: 1) period-1 is from 37°C to 43°C, 2) period-2 is from 43°C to Tpeak, 3) period-3 is from Tpeak to 43°C, and 4) period-4 is 43°C to 38°C. A recent study derived a closed form thermal dose formula based on a combined term, the “effective cooling frequency,” revealed that one can determine the best performance of a thermal therapy by concentrating on the cooling periods: period-3 and period-4. As an extension, this study used a closed-form temperature solution to investigate the influences from both cooling terms (perfusion and thermal conduction) separately. The results determined the upper bound of the peak temperature for pulses with different focal sizes under different blood perfusion values. Under practical settings, no pulse should introduce peak temperature higher than 67°C to avoid overdosing when the desired thermal dose is 240CEM43°C. It also showed that pulses with focal size smaller than or equal to 4 mm benefit the perfusion independence for the following quantities: the upper bound on the peak temperature, the treatment size, and the time/temperature for which 90% thermal dose is accumulated. Thus the conduction dominates the cooling process for each single pulse heated by the highly focused SFUS applicators when the pulses are properly isolated temporally. Results from this study further provide an estimation of the closest distance between two pulses and the time/temperature to re-activate the consecutive pulses. Thus the results can guide the researchers to design more efficient treatment protocol for multiple-pulse thermal therapies.

This study derives the first analytic solution for evaluating the optimal treatment parameters needed for delivering a desired thermal dose during thermal therapies consisting of a single heating pulse. Each treatment is divided into four time periods (two power-on and two power-off), and the thermal dose delivered during each of those periods is evaluated using the non-linear Sapareto and Dewey equation relating thermal dose to temperature and time. The results reveal that the thermal dose delivered during the second power-on period when T&gt;43C (TD2) and the initial power-off period when T&gt;43C (TD3) contribute the major portions of the total thermal dose needed for a successful treatment (taken as 240 CEM43°C), and that TD3 dominates for treatments with higher peak temperatures. For a fixed perfusion value, the analytical results show that once the maximum treatment temperature and the total thermal dose (e.g., 240 CEM43°C) are specified, then the required heating time and the applied power magnitude are uniquely determined. These are the optimal heating parameters since lower/higher values result in under-dosing/over-dosing of the treated region. It is also shown that higher maximum treatment temperatures result in shorter treatment times, and for each patient blood flow there is a maximum allowable temperature that can be used to reach the desired thermal dose. In addition, since TD2 and TD3 contribute most of the total thermal dose, and they are both significantly affected by the blood flow present for high treatment temperatures, these results show that perfusion effects must be considered when attempting to optimize high temperature thermal therapy treatments (no excess thermal dose delivered, minimum power applied and shortest treatment time attained).