Academic literature on the topic 'Sapieha family'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sapieha family"
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CIBOROVSKA-RYMAROVIČ, IRYNA. "LDK DIDIKŲ SAPIEGŲ KNYGOS UKRAINOS MOKSLINĖSE BIBLIOTEKOSE." Knygotyra 56 (January 1, 2011): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/kn.v56i0.1505.
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V. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine3 Holosiyivsky Ave, 03039 Kyiv, UkraineE-mail: ciborirena@ukr.netStraipsnyje nagrinėjamos Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės didikų Sapiegų giminės (herbas Lapė) proveniencinius ženklus turinčios knygos, šiuo metu saugomos Ukrainos mokslinėse bibliotekose: Ukrainos nacionalinėje V. Vernadskio, Nežino valstybinio N. Gogolio universiteto, Odesos nacionalinio I. Mečnikovo universiteto mokslinėje bibliotekoje ir Odesos valstybinėje mokslinėje M. Gorkio bibliotekoje. Pasitelkus euristines paieškas Ukrainos nacionalinės bibliotekos fonduose ir spausdintinius minėtų bibliotekų senųjų leidinių katalogus, galima patvirtinti faktą, kad šiuo metu yra žinomi 42 leidiniai (41 tomas) su nuosavybės ir dovanojimo įrašais bei kitais knygos ženklais. Tie leidiniai priklausė keturiems Sapiegų giminės atstovams: Kazimierui Leonui Sapiegai (1609–1656), Jonui Frederikui Sapiegai (1680–1751), Povilui Bernardui Sapiegai (1656–1715) ir Aleksandrui Sapiegai (1773–1812). Šios knygos į minėtas Ukrainos bibliotekas pakliuvo XIX a. panaikinus arba reorganizavus Vilniaus universitetą, Vilniaus medicinos chirurgijos akademiją, Lietuvos Brastos jėzuitų kolegiją. Knygų su Sapiegų giminės bibliotekų ženklais istorija ir šių knygų kelionių istorija straipsnyje papildyta (žr. priedą) kiekvienosurasto leidinio išsamiu egzemplioriniu bibliografiniu aprašu. Visa ši medžiaga papildo Sapiegų asmeninių bibliotekų Ružanuose ir Kodenyje (dabar Baltarusija) istoriją ir šių dvarų bibliotekų tolesnį likimą.BOOKS OWNED BY SAPIEHAS, MAGNATES OF THE GRAND DUCHY OF LITHUANIA, AT SCIENTIFIC LIBRARIES OF UKRAINEIRYNA TSIBOROVSKA-RYMAROVICHAbstractThe paper is devoted to the rare printed books owned by members of the noble family of the Sapiehas, under the “Fox” coat of arms, and now stored in scientific libraries of Ukraine. The history of the transference of the Sapiehas’ copies to Ukrainian Libraries has been elucidated, and the bibliographical descriptons of these copies are exibited.Key words: private book collection, Casimir Leo Sapieha, Jan Fryderyk Sapieha, Paul Bernard Sapieha, Alexander Sapieha, Vilnius Medical-Surgical Academy Library, Berestja Jesuit College Library.
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Sarcevičienė, Jolita. "„Ieškau jūsų mylistos pono po visas keturias pasaulio šalis…“ Antano Kazimiero Sapiegos laiškai Merkinės administratoriui Vaitiekui Kuževskiui." XVIII amžiaus studijos T. 6: Personalijos. Idėjos. Refleksijos, T. 6 (January 2, 2020): 18–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33918/23516968-006001.
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“I AM LOOKING FOR YOUR GRACE IN ALL FOUR CORNERS OF THE WORLD…” LETTERS OF ANTONI KAZIMIERZ SAPIEHA TO ADMINISTRATOR OF MERKINĖ WOJCIECH KURZEWSKI (1720–1732) Researchers have focused for decades on the epistolographic legacy of individuals from various social groups. Letters are a valuable ‘complement’ for other sources, serving as an ‘insight’, giving the narrative a multi-voice, and, depending on the author’s social position, can provide many valuable details unfelt in other types of sources. Correspondence of public officials usually receives most attention from the researchers, because it reveals the mechanisms of the functioning of power. However, letters of the social elite also reveal different aspects of everyday life, including administration of domains, which have gained importance. The basis for this article became the letters by the elder of Merkinė, Antoni Kazimierz Sapieha (1689–1739), to Wojciech Kurzewski, administrator of this domain, kept in the Manuscript section of the Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. Due to his humble duties and difficult financial situation A. K. Sapieha cannot be considered one of the most prominent members of the Sapiehas family, although his persistent ambition to stay out of the “margins” of public life and, in particular, his involvement in 1733–1736 whirlwind of interregnum events, indicates that he was an extraordinary person. This is evidenced by his wide circle of correspondents, among whom we find not only close relatives but also a number of state officials and top hierarchs of the Church. Aspirations of the elder of Merkinė to participate in the political life of the state have already been noticed by the researchers, however his daily economic activities have not been researched at all. Analysis of the letters from the 1720–1732 period by the elder of Merkinė Antoni Kazimierz Sapieha to Wojciech Kurzewski, administrator of this domain, reveal a significant part of A. K. Sapieha’s daily life, i.e. the nature of administration of the domain, which required considerable effort, attention and time from the elder of Merkinė. The article deals with the subject matter of letters, economic activities carried out in the eldership of Merkinė, and requirements for the administrator. All of this provides an opportunity not only to reconstruct the relationship between Sapieha and Kurzewski, but also to see the broader issues that each major landowner has faced (or may have faced). Keywords: eldership of Merkinė; Antoni Kazimierz Sapieha; Wojciech Kurzewski’s correspondence; domain administration.
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Stankiewicz, Aleksander. "Religione pro Deo, Sapientia pro Patria. Kreacja wizerunku biskupa wileńskiego Konstantego Kazimierza Brzostowskiego w drukach okolicznościowych." Artifex Novus, no. 4 (March 9, 2021): 162–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/an.7929.
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W artykule omówiono kreację wizerunku biskupa wileńskiego Konstantego Kazimierza Brzostowskiego (1644-1722) w świetle dedykowanych mu rycin i panegiryków. Część portretów graficznych ukazywała go jako biskupa wileńskiego i pierwszego duchownego w Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim. Niektóre ryciny zdobiące panegiryki zostały ozdobione dekoracją zgodną z symbolicznym znaczeniem herbu Brzostowskiego Strzemię i herbów innych litewskich spokrewionych z duchownym. Symbolika herbu traktowanego jako emblemat nie tylko odwoływała się do przypisywanych duchownemu cnót, ale także, wraz z odpowiednim programem inskrypcji, manifestowała jego rolę polityczną w Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim, co miało duże znaczenie w konflikcje między biskupem wileńskim a rodziną Sapiehów, zwłaszcza Kazimierzem Janem Sapiehą (1642–1720).
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The article presents the image creation of Konstanty Kazimierz Brzostowski (1644–1722), bishop of Vilnius, in the light of dedicated to him engravings and panegyrics. Part of the engraved portraits presented him as the bishop of Vilnius and the first ecclesiastic in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Some of the engravings were adorned with a graphic decoration conforming with the allegoric meaning of the Strzemię coat-of-arms of Brzostowski and coat-of-arms of other Lithuanian families. This determined not only individual virtues but also, together with the relevant quotations, became a manifestation of his political position in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. This strategy was very important in the case of the conflict between the bishop of Vilnius and family of Sapieha, especially Kazimierz Jan Sapieha (1642–1720).
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Sliesoriūnas, Gintautas. "Jonušas Antanas Višnioveckis apie motinos, brolio ir savo politinių akcijų motyvus (1700–1707 m.)." XVIII amžiaus studijos T. 7: Giminė. Bendrija. Grupuotė, T. 7 (December 31, 2021): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33918/23516968-007001.
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JANUSZ ANTONI WIŚNIOWIECKI ON THE MOTIVES OF POLITICAL ACTIONS BY HIS MOTHER, BROTHER AND HIS OWN (1700–1707) At the beginning of the eighteenth century, the dukes Wiśniowiecki rose to the ranks of the most influential nobles of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Their interests, political actions, as well as disagreements or frictions within the family, had a significant impact on the course of political life in Lithuanian and Polish state at the time. The state was going through a period of shocks. Lithuania was overwhelmed by the civil war – a majority of the nobility revolted against the hegemony of the magnates Sapiehas, led by other aristocratic families dissatisfied with the Sapieha family. In 1700, the Wiśniowiecki rose to the leaders of this anti-Sapieha camp. In addition, the state became involved in the Great Northern War (1700–1721). The article discusses his motives, as well as of his brother Michał Serwacy and their mother Anna Dolska, for political actions in which they participated in 1700–1707, as presented in the memoirs of Janusz Antoni Wiśniowiecki. It is based on both published memoirs of Janusz Antoni Wiśniowiecki, covering 1700–1710, as well as an unpublished fragment covering the period of 1707–1708. It is revealed how Janusz Antoni explained political decisions of his close relatives and his own. The motives of those political actions in which the views of the members of the Wiśniowiecki family intersected or did not completely coincide are analysed. The motives of the actions of the dukes Wiśniowiecki and their mother during the decisive years of the Lithuanian Civil War (1700), presented in the memoirs of Janusz Antoni Wiśniowiecki, are discussed. Another set of political actions, the interpretation of the motives of which is analysed in the article, consists of the actions of the Wiśniowiecki and their mother that led into a closer relationship with the Swedes and their protégé on the throne of the Polish and Lithuanian state Stanisław Leszczyński, and which eventually ended in the overt crossing of the Wiśniowiecki into the camp of supporters of Leszczyński and the Swedes in 1707. Memoires reveal the obvious friction between the mother and her sons. The property dispute between the sons, especially Michał Serwacy and his wife, Kotryna Dolska, on the one hand, and the dukes’ mother, Anna Dolska, on the other, had to affect the relationships between the members of the Wiśniowiecki family when they were taking political initiatives. Although the mother was more in conflict with the younger son over property matters, there were frictions in political activities with both sons. The positions of the sons and the mother during the Lithuanian Civil War were especially inconsistent, when Anna Dolska suppressed and hindered her sons' initiatives against the Sapiehas. Janusz Antoni Wiśniowiecki tended to explain his mother's actions both during and after the civil war in Lithuania, i.e. when Anna Dolska tried to persuade Hetman of Left-bank Ukraine Ivan Mazepa to support Stanisław Leszczyński and the Swedes, by her personal motives – a desire to marry Kazimierz Jan Sapieha, and later her intention (or just a proposition) to marry Mazepa. Such an interpretation may indicate a tendency towards a simplified interpretation of the mother’s motives. However, it is not appropriate to completely ignore the son's approach to the motives of his mother's actions. The recollections reveal the close co-operation of the two brothers Wiśniowiecki in the political sphere and the efforts of Janusz Antoni to fully justify his younger brother for the accusations of crossing into the Swedish camp, explaining such decision by his selfless desire to save the Homeland and to protect himself and his relatives from the upcoming threats. Keywords: Anna Dolska, the Great Northern War (1700–1721), the Sapiehas, the Wiśniowieckis.
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Sakalauskas, Darius, and Aivaras Poška. "The Organization of Trade in Nemunas from the Riverhead ports of the Radziwiłł and Sapieha families in the 1760s and 1770s." Lietuvos istorijos studijos 45 (July 21, 2020): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lis.2020.45.6.
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This study concerns the transportation of goods and raw materials through the Nemunas River to the Baltic Sea ports in the second half of the 18th century. The main goal of this paper is to analyse how two different methods of goods transportation (shipment of goods by river vessels and by timber rafts) were organized and to determine how their economic models functioned in practice. This research relies on the data of Income-Expenditure registers of timber rafting from Radziwiłł (Świerżeń Nowy) and goods transportation from Sapieha family (Ruzhany and Derechin) estates in current-day Belarus. The analysis showed that the Sapieha family’s highest share of revenue derived mostly from the exportation of grown raw materials, mostly rye. Salt, wine, beer, various types of metal alloys, etc. were bought in exchange. Part of the revenue was used to cover debts, thus the generated income of the voyage did not reach the treasury of the Sapieha family. The analysis of timber-rafting income-expenditure showed that the timber was drifted to the town of Rusnė, near the Nemunas river delta, or to the city of Königsberg. The sources failed to show the full extent of timber trade generated revenue due to the specifics of its trade, however, the analysis showed that the biggest part of expenditures (about 90–95 percent) went on the hiring of employees and on timber preparation and it’s transportation to the river ports. This article also uncovers the different aspects of how these different kinds of trade voyages were organized and how the river trade-related infrastructure operated that supplements our understanding of the Nemunas river role in the economy of Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the second half of 18th century.
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Sylwia Czyż, Anna. "XVII a. Vilniaus rūmų architektūra – sintezės bandymas." Lietuvos istorijos metraštis 2020/2 (December 2, 2020): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33918/25386549-202002002.
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THE ARCHITECTURE OF 17TH-CENTURY PALACES IN VILNIUS: AN ATTEMPT OF SYNTHESIS The article sets out to make a synthetic analysis of residential architecture in Vilnius from the 17th century that has hitherto been little analysed in research literature. Vilnius, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, was where every significant magnate had to have an appropriate residence, in order to be acknowledged in the political arena. Palaces that met the needs and ambitions of their owners not only played a public role, but also served as a venue for magnate family and their clients gatherings. By merging with the living organism of the city, they were not only a sustainable decoration, but at times would also represent their owners’ religious and political standpoint. An analysis of Vilnius’ topography helps to identify parts of the city that were considered more prestigious than others. These were mainly the area around the Grand Duke’s Palace and the cathedral, and along the via regia, which was where the Radvilas (Radziwiłłs) settled in the Middle Ages. One of the largest palaces in Vilnius, that of Mykolas Kazimieras Pacas (Michał Kazimierz Pac), was built there. The Radvilas also had property in Lukiškės, where members of the family would build residences. At the end of the 17th century, the Sapiega (Sapieha) family followed in their footsteps, not only by building a palace in Antakalnis, but also establishing a jurisdiction in the suburb. Palaces in the city were built in accordance with the linear development of the streets, at times on irregular-shaped plots of land, with buildings in the courtyards (such as the residences of the Bžostovskis (Brzostowski) and Pacas families). However, vast plots of land were used for residences on the outskirts of the city, and particularly in the suburbs, which were often surrounded by gardens, and included folwarks and even menageries (the Sapiega Palace in Antakalnis, and the Radvila Palace in Lukiškės, which later merged with the newly formed suburb of Žvėrynas). A separate issue to consider in the future is the relations between the estates and the religious buildings in the area, where families had mausoleums, or at least where they supported the parish. Some examples are the Gosievskis (Gosiewski) Palace on Bokšto Street and the chapel in St Casimir’s Church; the Bžostovskis Palace on Dominikonų Street and the altaria in St John’s Church; and the Oginskis Palace in Arklių Street and the family’s relations with and support for the Carmelites. In this respect, the ideal situation was in Antakalnis, where Kazimieras Jonas Sapiega (Kazimierz Jan Sapieha) built the Trinitarian church and monastery next to his palace. Of all the 17th-century palaces in Vilnius today, only those of Jonušas Radvila (Janusz Radziwiłł), Mykolas Kazimieras Pacas, Dominykas Mykolas Sluška (Dominik Michał Słuszka) and Kazimieras Jonas Sapiega have been preserved in a condition suitable for further analysis. Of them, the Pacas Palace can be singled out as a typical city residence, the rest were built as suburban residences. In analysing them, an attempt is made to link them with trends in residential building in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Szala, Aleksandra. "Wyjazdy Jadwigi z Zamoyskich Sapieżyny." Galicja. Studia i materiały 6 (2020): 293–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/galisim.2020.6.14.
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The main aim of the article is to discuss the travels of duchess Jadwiga Sapieha nee Zamoyska. In her life she experienced painful moments – seven out of her eight children died at various ages. In order to improve their health she left for health resorts, which she continued even after her children’s deaths. She travelled as a tourist, visited her family scattered around Europe, received various treatments together with her husband in various spas. Her travels entailed considerable activity. She travelled to remote destinations from the perspective of her contemporary times: she visited northern Africa, rested at the French Riviera or the Alpes.
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Ziober, Aleksandra. "Sapiehas estate document from the end of the 17th century as a source of the family’s economic and political history." Open Political Science 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 164–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openps-2018-0014.
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Abstract Property documents and more precisely, the inventories of earthly goods can be very helpful in explaining complicated political affairs. Also the nobles’ names, which are mentioned in registers, may show us the influence and the composition of the nobility, from which the lider’s property were leased. Residents of manors, which belonged to the Sapieha Family, actually were forced to gain some contact and be dependent on the Family, even if it was a part of economic relations, which could easily be transformed into a personal one. However, the manor reliances undoubtedly opened up opportunities for both sides, which juxtaposed the benefits and losses with possible closer cooperation. Despite property ties, by analyzing the mentioned document we can find out (among other knowledge) the information about subordination and independence. Moreover it is possible to take the notice of the moodiness of the political scene or of the global political tendencies of residents what was the scope of interests for researcher of economists and goods.
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Tyumentsev, Igor, Nataliya Tupikova, and Nina Tyumentseva. "Documents of the Russian Archive of Jan Piotr Sapieha: Findings of 2013–2018." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 2 (April 2019): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2019.2.5.
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Introduction. The authors analyze previously unknown forty documents from the Archive of Jan Sapieha of 1608–1611 discovered over the last five years. The authors apply the following Methods: Russian and Polish Archeography, Historical Source Studies, Paleography and Linguistic Source of Studies. The new materials significantly fill in the earlier revealed “gaps” in archival fund previously reconstructed on the basis of preserved and published data on the events of the Time of Troubles. The necessity of looking for new data is determined by the demand for further exploration of one of the most important periods in the history of Russia. Introduction of revealed new documents to the scientific discourse enables us to examine previously known events from new perspectives reflecting confrontation of different political forces, to correlate the newly-appeared facts, to clear up the process of converting Russian population to Cossacks by means of robbing the populace (zemshchina) on the territories under “Tushino Regime”, to detail the circumstances of the beginning of the first militia, systematize the information about the state of peasants and orders reigning in Cossack Regiments of Tushino forces as well as in governing bodies of local administration (office environment), to reveal the sources of popular unrests in occupied Moscow, to show social and class, family and household problems of Russian people on the lands occupied by outlanders. The research performed resulted in many-faceted characteristics of the documents that significantly extend the informative value of the reconstructed archive giving new opportunities for scientific research of events of the Time of Troubles. I.O. Tyumentsev read, systematized the documents, gave description of documents from the perspective of Archeography and Source Studies. N.A. Tupikova read and interpreted the content of the texts as well as translated from Polish and commented the documents. N.E. Tyumentseva read the documents translated from Latin and commented fragments written in Latin.
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Fesser, Dominika. "The correspondence of Lew Sapieha addressed at the Radziwiłł family (in the years 1586–1622). A contribution to the reception of Stephen Báthory and Sigismund III Vasa in Lithuania." Meluzyna 3 (2015): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/me.2015.2-04.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Sapieha family"
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Wise, Dawnne O'neal. "The (gamma)-tubulin gene family in Homo sapiens /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488193272069132.
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Schröder, Andrea. "Analyse der Expression und Modifikation von Proteintyrosinkinasen der FAK-(Focal Adhesion Kinase)-Familie in osteoblastischen Zellen der Ratte (Rattus norvegicus) und des Menschen (Homo sapiens)." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967120861.
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Schröder, Andrea [Verfasser]. "Analyse der Expression und Modifikation von Proteintyrosinkinasen der FAK-(Focal Adhesion Kinase)-Familie in osteoblastischen Zellen der Ratte (Rattus norvegicus) und des Menschen (Homo sapiens) / vorgelegt von Andrea Schröder." 2003. http://d-nb.info/967120861/34.
Full textBooks on the topic "Sapieha family"
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Bibliotheca Sapiehana: Vilniaus Universiteto bibliotekos rinkinys : katalogas. Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2010.
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La porta é aperta: Vita di Goliarda Sapienza. Valverde (Catania): Villaggio Maori, 2010.
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The politics of the family: From homo sapien to homo economicus. New York: P. Lang, 1989.
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Robo sapiens japanicus: Robots, Gender, Family, and the Japanese Nation. University of California Press, 2017.
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Robo sapiens japanicus: Robots, Gender, Family, and the Japanese Nation. University of California Press, 2017.
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Robertson, Jennifer. Robo Sapiens Japanicus: Robots, Gender, Family, and the Japanese Nation. University of California Press, 2017.
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Kumar, Victor, and Richmond Campbell. A Better Ape. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197600122.001.0001.
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A Better Ape explores the evolution of the moral mind from our ancestors with chimpanzees, through the origins of our genus and our species, to the development of behaviorally modern humans who underwent revolutions in agriculture, urbanization, and industrial technology. The book begins, in Part I, by explaining the biological evolution of sympathy and loyalty in great apes and trust and respect in the earliest humans. These moral emotions are the first element of the moral mind. Part II explains the gene-culture co-evolution of norms, emotions, and reasoning in Homo sapiens. Moral norms of harm, kinship, reciprocity, autonomy, and fairness are the second element of the moral mind. A social capacity for interactive moral reasoning is the third element. Part III of the book explains the cultural co-evolution of social institutions and morality. Family, religious, military, political, and economic institutions expanded small bands into large tribes and created more intense social hierarchies through new moral norms of authority and purity. Finally, Part IV explains the rational and cultural evolution of moral progress and moral regress as human societies experienced gains and losses in inclusivity and equality. Moral progress against racism, homophobia, speciesism, sexism, classism, and global injustice depends on integration of privileged and oppressed people in physical space, social roles, and democratic decision making. The central idea in the book is that all these major evolutionary transitions, from ancestral apes to modern societies, and now human survival of climate change, depend on co-evolution between morality, knowledge, and complex social structure.
Book chapters on the topic "Sapieha family"
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Chalmers, Beverley. "Family-Centered, Evidence-Based, Psycho-Socially Sensitive, and Culturally Respectful Perinatal Care:." In Birthing Techno-Sapiens, 222–35. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Social science perspectives on childbirth and reproduction |: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003082422-17.
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Robertson, Jennifer. "Families of Future Past." In Robo sapiens japanicus. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520283190.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 continues the backstory to Innovation 25 and Prime Minister Abe’s plans to robotize Japan. The fictional ethnography of the Inobe family included in Innovation 25, which was expanded and published as a book, is translated and critiqued. Comparisons are drawn between the three-generation Inobe family and a wartime predecessor, the Yamato family. Eminent cartoonist Hasegawa Machiko was among the cartoonists who created the Yamato family comic, and her popular postwar comic strip Sazae-san is presented as another model for the invention of the Inobe family. In this context, parallels between Prime Minister Abe and his maternal grandfather, Nobusuke Kishi, an influential wartime politician and postwar prime minister, are drawn with reference to the applications of technology and soft power.
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Robertson, Jennifer. "Embodiment and Gender." In Robo sapiens japanicus. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520283190.003.0004.
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In humans and humanoid robots alike, gender—femininity and masculinity—constitutes an array of learned behaviors that are cosmetically and sartorially enabled and enhanced. In humans, these behaviors are both socially and historically shaped, but they are also contingent upon many situational influences, including individual choices. Chapter 4 explores the gender dynamics informing the design and embodiment of artificial intelligence (AI) and robots, especially humanoids. It is argued that advanced technology does not necessarily promote social progress but rather, as in this case, is deployed to reinforce conservative models of gender roles and family structures.
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Robertson, Jennifer. "Robot Reality Check." In Robo sapiens japanicus. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520283190.003.0007.
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Missing from Innovation 25—and from the Inobe family narrative—is explicit attention to religious and spiritual beliefs and practices. As explained in chapter 1, Shinto metaphysics provides a synergistic nature-culture platform for studying human-robot coexistence. Several Buddhist temples have begun to advertise funeral and memorial services for robots and computers based on the fact that these devices have profound personal and familial significance. These services also include recycling options. The implications of advanced technology, like robotics, in the service of traditional social institutions are considered. The inconvenient truths informing proposals to incorporate robots into everyday life and work highlight the need for a reality check on robot visions and humanoid promises.
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Mellier, Denis. "Le rite et la radicale étrangeté de la venue au monde d’un bébé dans sa famille." In Bébé sapiens, 61–72. Érès, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/eres.candi.2017.01.0061.
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"S. cerevistae Est1/H. sapiens SMG6 Protein Family Members Function in Telomere Metabolism." In Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay, 271–80. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781498713399-31.
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Bello Minciacchi, Cecilia. "«Il festival rinascerà», Paola Masino inviata alla Manifestazione d’Arte Cinematografica di Venezia del 1946." In Italianistica. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-422-5/004.
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The essay presents and analyses the film criticism articles written by Paola Masino for the new edition of the Venice Film Festival after the Second World War. The articles, which appeared in the Gazzetta d’Italia between August 31 and September 19, 1946, were not later collected or republished. These are rare materials, never studied before, found among the documents of the Fondo Paola Masino kept at the Archivio del Novecento, Sapienza University of Rome. Other significant and useful information to understand Masino’s critical perspective on cinema emerges from the letters sent from Venice to family members. The analysis of the articles highlights in Paola Masino a lively intellectual curiosity and great precision in aesthetic judgments, in addition to a peculiar sensitivity to chromatic values, and an ethical attention to the political perspective of film directors and to the recent tragedies of war and partisan resistance in Italy. Among the most interesting data emerged from these articles, there are some theoretical reflections on aesthetic principles valid not only for cinema, but for all the arts, including the narrative and the literary work of the same Paola Masino.
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Price, T. Douglas. "The First Europeans." In Europe before Rome. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199914708.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
The story of our human ancestors is a fascinating, but fragmentary, tale. There are lots of missing pages in the book. The further back we go in time, the less evidence is available and the more conjecture is required to fill in the gaps. Our oldest arguably human ancestors are found mostly in East and South Africa, resemble our ape family relatives, and date to more than 6 mya (million years ago). These individuals walked on two feet, the first step on the path to becoming human. Fossils of our ancient ancestors are diagnosed as to genus and species, a dual scientific designation in Latin; a wide range of names have been applied. We modern humans are Homo sapiens. Some of our earliest relatives have species names such as Ardipithecus ramidus, Australopithecus afarensis, and many others. These names are often more confusing than enlightening for anyone but the experts. To make a long story short, there appear to have been several early humanlike ancestors and the exact relationships among them are not clear. These individuals walked on two legs, had relatively small brains, did not use tools, and were largely vegetarian. Sometime around 2.5 mya, however, a clearer line of human evolution emerged with the appearance of the first members of our own genus, Homo, again in East Africa. This area is the center for most of the current research on early human ancestors. There are fossil-containing geological deposits from the appropriate time periods. Many of the earliest human remains have been found in this region. The first Homo is subtitled habilis, or tool-using human. At about this same time, the first evidence for the manufacture of simple stone tools comes to light. These so-called pebble tools provided a cutting edge for a creature that lacked sharp teeth and claws. Stone tools may have afforded better access to meat for these individuals, whose brains began to grow from ape toward human in size. Shortly after 2 mya a new species, Homo ergaster, emerged in Africa and our evolutionary story started to change dramatically.
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Sander, Nikola, and Guy J. Abel. "The Future of International Migration." In World Population & Human Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813422.003.0011.
Full textAbstract:
Migration is a key means by which human beings act to preserve or enhance their well-being. Since Homo sapiens first emerged in Africa about 200,000 years ago, geographic mobility has been a prominent strategy for human adaptation and improvement (Cavalli-Sforza et al., 1994). In modern societies, people most commonly migrate to further their economic position or to join family members who migrated before them (Massey et al., 1993). Yet, many others move, both temporarily and permanently, with the more explicit purpose of reducing social, economic, political, or environmental vulnerability (Bardsley and Hugo, 2010; Hunter, 2005; Lundquist and Massey, 2005). All of these forms of human mobility frequently span international borders, oftentimes despite substantial barriers to transborder movement. Estimates of migration flows are the expression of these heterogeneous motivations. As the drivers of migration also vary conspicuously across nations (Clark et al., 2004; Massey and Sana, 2003) and evolve over time within countries (Lindstrom and Ramírez, 2010; Massey, 1990; Massey et al., 1994), they are particularly difficult to forecast. As we show in this chapter, even developing a homogeneous series of baseline estimates at a global level is very complex (Abel, 2013a), further complicating forecasting efforts. Reliable baseline estimates are hard to obtain, for instance, given differences in the definitions across countries of what is an international migrant (Kupiszewska and Nowok, 2008) and owing to the presence of sizable irregular or unauthorized flows in some nations (e.g. Passel et al., 2009). Notwithstanding these difficulties, international migration has increasingly become, and will remain, a crucial component of the population dynamics of many sending and receiving nations. While only 2 per cent of the world’s population lives outside of their country of birth, this figure is above 10 per cent for nationals of countries like Mexico and El Salvador. Foreign-born shares are also substantial relative to the population of many migrant-receiving countries, with levels above 10 per cent (in some cases well above) in North America, most of Western Europe and Oceania, and parts of South East Asia. At the extreme, this share has reached levels of 60–80 per cent in some age groups in the oil-producing nations of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).