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CIBOROVSKA-RYMAROVIČ, IRYNA. "LDK DIDIKŲ SAPIEGŲ KNYGOS UKRAINOS MOKSLINĖSE BIBLIOTEKOSE." Knygotyra 56 (January 1, 2011): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/kn.v56i0.1505.
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V. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine3 Holosiyivsky Ave, 03039 Kyiv, UkraineE-mail: ciborirena@ukr.netStraipsnyje nagrinėjamos Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės didikų Sapiegų giminės (herbas Lapė) proveniencinius ženklus turinčios knygos, šiuo metu saugomos Ukrainos mokslinėse bibliotekose: Ukrainos nacionalinėje V. Vernadskio, Nežino valstybinio N. Gogolio universiteto, Odesos nacionalinio I. Mečnikovo universiteto mokslinėje bibliotekoje ir Odesos valstybinėje mokslinėje M. Gorkio bibliotekoje. Pasitelkus euristines paieškas Ukrainos nacionalinės bibliotekos fonduose ir spausdintinius minėtų bibliotekų senųjų leidinių katalogus, galima patvirtinti faktą, kad šiuo metu yra žinomi 42 leidiniai (41 tomas) su nuosavybės ir dovanojimo įrašais bei kitais knygos ženklais. Tie leidiniai priklausė keturiems Sapiegų giminės atstovams: Kazimierui Leonui Sapiegai (1609–1656), Jonui Frederikui Sapiegai (1680–1751), Povilui Bernardui Sapiegai (1656–1715) ir Aleksandrui Sapiegai (1773–1812). Šios knygos į minėtas Ukrainos bibliotekas pakliuvo XIX a. panaikinus arba reorganizavus Vilniaus universitetą, Vilniaus medicinos chirurgijos akademiją, Lietuvos Brastos jėzuitų kolegiją. Knygų su Sapiegų giminės bibliotekų ženklais istorija ir šių knygų kelionių istorija straipsnyje papildyta (žr. priedą) kiekvienosurasto leidinio išsamiu egzemplioriniu bibliografiniu aprašu. Visa ši medžiaga papildo Sapiegų asmeninių bibliotekų Ružanuose ir Kodenyje (dabar Baltarusija) istoriją ir šių dvarų bibliotekų tolesnį likimą.BOOKS OWNED BY SAPIEHAS, MAGNATES OF THE GRAND DUCHY OF LITHUANIA, AT SCIENTIFIC LIBRARIES OF UKRAINEIRYNA TSIBOROVSKA-RYMAROVICHAbstractThe paper is devoted to the rare printed books owned by members of the noble family of the Sapiehas, under the “Fox” coat of arms, and now stored in scientific libraries of Ukraine. The history of the transference of the Sapiehas’ copies to Ukrainian Libraries has been elucidated, and the bibliographical descriptons of these copies are exibited.Key words: private book collection, Casimir Leo Sapieha, Jan Fryderyk Sapieha, Paul Bernard Sapieha, Alexander Sapieha, Vilnius Medical-Surgical Academy Library, Berestja Jesuit College Library.
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Sarcevičienė, Jolita. "„Ieškau jūsų mylistos pono po visas keturias pasaulio šalis…“ Antano Kazimiero Sapiegos laiškai Merkinės administratoriui Vaitiekui Kuževskiui." XVIII amžiaus studijos T. 6: Personalijos. Idėjos. Refleksijos, T. 6 (January 2, 2020): 18–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33918/23516968-006001.
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“I AM LOOKING FOR YOUR GRACE IN ALL FOUR CORNERS OF THE WORLD…” LETTERS OF ANTONI KAZIMIERZ SAPIEHA TO ADMINISTRATOR OF MERKINĖ WOJCIECH KURZEWSKI (1720–1732) Researchers have focused for decades on the epistolographic legacy of individuals from various social groups. Letters are a valuable ‘complement’ for other sources, serving as an ‘insight’, giving the narrative a multi-voice, and, depending on the author’s social position, can provide many valuable details unfelt in other types of sources. Correspondence of public officials usually receives most attention from the researchers, because it reveals the mechanisms of the functioning of power. However, letters of the social elite also reveal different aspects of everyday life, including administration of domains, which have gained importance. The basis for this article became the letters by the elder of Merkinė, Antoni Kazimierz Sapieha (1689–1739), to Wojciech Kurzewski, administrator of this domain, kept in the Manuscript section of the Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. Due to his humble duties and difficult financial situation A. K. Sapieha cannot be considered one of the most prominent members of the Sapiehas family, although his persistent ambition to stay out of the “margins” of public life and, in particular, his involvement in 1733–1736 whirlwind of interregnum events, indicates that he was an extraordinary person. This is evidenced by his wide circle of correspondents, among whom we find not only close relatives but also a number of state officials and top hierarchs of the Church. Aspirations of the elder of Merkinė to participate in the political life of the state have already been noticed by the researchers, however his daily economic activities have not been researched at all. Analysis of the letters from the 1720–1732 period by the elder of Merkinė Antoni Kazimierz Sapieha to Wojciech Kurzewski, administrator of this domain, reveal a significant part of A. K. Sapieha’s daily life, i.e. the nature of administration of the domain, which required considerable effort, attention and time from the elder of Merkinė. The article deals with the subject matter of letters, economic activities carried out in the eldership of Merkinė, and requirements for the administrator. All of this provides an opportunity not only to reconstruct the relationship between Sapieha and Kurzewski, but also to see the broader issues that each major landowner has faced (or may have faced). Keywords: eldership of Merkinė; Antoni Kazimierz Sapieha; Wojciech Kurzewski’s correspondence; domain administration.
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Stankiewicz, Aleksander. "Religione pro Deo, Sapientia pro Patria. Kreacja wizerunku biskupa wileńskiego Konstantego Kazimierza Brzostowskiego w drukach okolicznościowych." Artifex Novus, no. 4 (March 9, 2021): 162–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/an.7929.
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W artykule omówiono kreację wizerunku biskupa wileńskiego Konstantego Kazimierza Brzostowskiego (1644-1722) w świetle dedykowanych mu rycin i panegiryków. Część portretów graficznych ukazywała go jako biskupa wileńskiego i pierwszego duchownego w Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim. Niektóre ryciny zdobiące panegiryki zostały ozdobione dekoracją zgodną z symbolicznym znaczeniem herbu Brzostowskiego Strzemię i herbów innych litewskich spokrewionych z duchownym. Symbolika herbu traktowanego jako emblemat nie tylko odwoływała się do przypisywanych duchownemu cnót, ale także, wraz z odpowiednim programem inskrypcji, manifestowała jego rolę polityczną w Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim, co miało duże znaczenie w konflikcje między biskupem wileńskim a rodziną Sapiehów, zwłaszcza Kazimierzem Janem Sapiehą (1642–1720).
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The article presents the image creation of Konstanty Kazimierz Brzostowski (1644–1722), bishop of Vilnius, in the light of dedicated to him engravings and panegyrics. Part of the engraved portraits presented him as the bishop of Vilnius and the first ecclesiastic in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Some of the engravings were adorned with a graphic decoration conforming with the allegoric meaning of the Strzemię coat-of-arms of Brzostowski and coat-of-arms of other Lithuanian families. This determined not only individual virtues but also, together with the relevant quotations, became a manifestation of his political position in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. This strategy was very important in the case of the conflict between the bishop of Vilnius and family of Sapieha, especially Kazimierz Jan Sapieha (1642–1720).
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Sliesoriūnas, Gintautas. "Jonušas Antanas Višnioveckis apie motinos, brolio ir savo politinių akcijų motyvus (1700–1707 m.)." XVIII amžiaus studijos T. 7: Giminė. Bendrija. Grupuotė, T. 7 (December 31, 2021): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33918/23516968-007001.
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JANUSZ ANTONI WIŚNIOWIECKI ON THE MOTIVES OF POLITICAL ACTIONS BY HIS MOTHER, BROTHER AND HIS OWN (1700–1707) At the beginning of the eighteenth century, the dukes Wiśniowiecki rose to the ranks of the most influential nobles of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Their interests, political actions, as well as disagreements or frictions within the family, had a significant impact on the course of political life in Lithuanian and Polish state at the time. The state was going through a period of shocks. Lithuania was overwhelmed by the civil war – a majority of the nobility revolted against the hegemony of the magnates Sapiehas, led by other aristocratic families dissatisfied with the Sapieha family. In 1700, the Wiśniowiecki rose to the leaders of this anti-Sapieha camp. In addition, the state became involved in the Great Northern War (1700–1721). The article discusses his motives, as well as of his brother Michał Serwacy and their mother Anna Dolska, for political actions in which they participated in 1700–1707, as presented in the memoirs of Janusz Antoni Wiśniowiecki. It is based on both published memoirs of Janusz Antoni Wiśniowiecki, covering 1700–1710, as well as an unpublished fragment covering the period of 1707–1708. It is revealed how Janusz Antoni explained political decisions of his close relatives and his own. The motives of those political actions in which the views of the members of the Wiśniowiecki family intersected or did not completely coincide are analysed. The motives of the actions of the dukes Wiśniowiecki and their mother during the decisive years of the Lithuanian Civil War (1700), presented in the memoirs of Janusz Antoni Wiśniowiecki, are discussed. Another set of political actions, the interpretation of the motives of which is analysed in the article, consists of the actions of the Wiśniowiecki and their mother that led into a closer relationship with the Swedes and their protégé on the throne of the Polish and Lithuanian state Stanisław Leszczyński, and which eventually ended in the overt crossing of the Wiśniowiecki into the camp of supporters of Leszczyński and the Swedes in 1707. Memoires reveal the obvious friction between the mother and her sons. The property dispute between the sons, especially Michał Serwacy and his wife, Kotryna Dolska, on the one hand, and the dukes’ mother, Anna Dolska, on the other, had to affect the relationships between the members of the Wiśniowiecki family when they were taking political initiatives. Although the mother was more in conflict with the younger son over property matters, there were frictions in political activities with both sons. The positions of the sons and the mother during the Lithuanian Civil War were especially inconsistent, when Anna Dolska suppressed and hindered her sons' initiatives against the Sapiehas. Janusz Antoni Wiśniowiecki tended to explain his mother's actions both during and after the civil war in Lithuania, i.e. when Anna Dolska tried to persuade Hetman of Left-bank Ukraine Ivan Mazepa to support Stanisław Leszczyński and the Swedes, by her personal motives – a desire to marry Kazimierz Jan Sapieha, and later her intention (or just a proposition) to marry Mazepa. Such an interpretation may indicate a tendency towards a simplified interpretation of the mother’s motives. However, it is not appropriate to completely ignore the son's approach to the motives of his mother's actions. The recollections reveal the close co-operation of the two brothers Wiśniowiecki in the political sphere and the efforts of Janusz Antoni to fully justify his younger brother for the accusations of crossing into the Swedish camp, explaining such decision by his selfless desire to save the Homeland and to protect himself and his relatives from the upcoming threats. Keywords: Anna Dolska, the Great Northern War (1700–1721), the Sapiehas, the Wiśniowieckis.
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Sakalauskas, Darius, and Aivaras Poška. "The Organization of Trade in Nemunas from the Riverhead ports of the Radziwiłł and Sapieha families in the 1760s and 1770s." Lietuvos istorijos studijos 45 (July 21, 2020): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lis.2020.45.6.
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This study concerns the transportation of goods and raw materials through the Nemunas River to the Baltic Sea ports in the second half of the 18th century. The main goal of this paper is to analyse how two different methods of goods transportation (shipment of goods by river vessels and by timber rafts) were organized and to determine how their economic models functioned in practice. This research relies on the data of Income-Expenditure registers of timber rafting from Radziwiłł (Świerżeń Nowy) and goods transportation from Sapieha family (Ruzhany and Derechin) estates in current-day Belarus. The analysis showed that the Sapieha family’s highest share of revenue derived mostly from the exportation of grown raw materials, mostly rye. Salt, wine, beer, various types of metal alloys, etc. were bought in exchange. Part of the revenue was used to cover debts, thus the generated income of the voyage did not reach the treasury of the Sapieha family. The analysis of timber-rafting income-expenditure showed that the timber was drifted to the town of Rusnė, near the Nemunas river delta, or to the city of Königsberg. The sources failed to show the full extent of timber trade generated revenue due to the specifics of its trade, however, the analysis showed that the biggest part of expenditures (about 90–95 percent) went on the hiring of employees and on timber preparation and it’s transportation to the river ports. This article also uncovers the different aspects of how these different kinds of trade voyages were organized and how the river trade-related infrastructure operated that supplements our understanding of the Nemunas river role in the economy of Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the second half of 18th century.
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Sylwia Czyż, Anna. "XVII a. Vilniaus rūmų architektūra – sintezės bandymas." Lietuvos istorijos metraštis 2020/2 (December 2, 2020): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33918/25386549-202002002.
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THE ARCHITECTURE OF 17TH-CENTURY PALACES IN VILNIUS: AN ATTEMPT OF SYNTHESIS The article sets out to make a synthetic analysis of residential architecture in Vilnius from the 17th century that has hitherto been little analysed in research literature. Vilnius, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, was where every significant magnate had to have an appropriate residence, in order to be acknowledged in the political arena. Palaces that met the needs and ambitions of their owners not only played a public role, but also served as a venue for magnate family and their clients gatherings. By merging with the living organism of the city, they were not only a sustainable decoration, but at times would also represent their owners’ religious and political standpoint. An analysis of Vilnius’ topography helps to identify parts of the city that were considered more prestigious than others. These were mainly the area around the Grand Duke’s Palace and the cathedral, and along the via regia, which was where the Radvilas (Radziwiłłs) settled in the Middle Ages. One of the largest palaces in Vilnius, that of Mykolas Kazimieras Pacas (Michał Kazimierz Pac), was built there. The Radvilas also had property in Lukiškės, where members of the family would build residences. At the end of the 17th century, the Sapiega (Sapieha) family followed in their footsteps, not only by building a palace in Antakalnis, but also establishing a jurisdiction in the suburb. Palaces in the city were built in accordance with the linear development of the streets, at times on irregular-shaped plots of land, with buildings in the courtyards (such as the residences of the Bžostovskis (Brzostowski) and Pacas families). However, vast plots of land were used for residences on the outskirts of the city, and particularly in the suburbs, which were often surrounded by gardens, and included folwarks and even menageries (the Sapiega Palace in Antakalnis, and the Radvila Palace in Lukiškės, which later merged with the newly formed suburb of Žvėrynas). A separate issue to consider in the future is the relations between the estates and the religious buildings in the area, where families had mausoleums, or at least where they supported the parish. Some examples are the Gosievskis (Gosiewski) Palace on Bokšto Street and the chapel in St Casimir’s Church; the Bžostovskis Palace on Dominikonų Street and the altaria in St John’s Church; and the Oginskis Palace in Arklių Street and the family’s relations with and support for the Carmelites. In this respect, the ideal situation was in Antakalnis, where Kazimieras Jonas Sapiega (Kazimierz Jan Sapieha) built the Trinitarian church and monastery next to his palace. Of all the 17th-century palaces in Vilnius today, only those of Jonušas Radvila (Janusz Radziwiłł), Mykolas Kazimieras Pacas, Dominykas Mykolas Sluška (Dominik Michał Słuszka) and Kazimieras Jonas Sapiega have been preserved in a condition suitable for further analysis. Of them, the Pacas Palace can be singled out as a typical city residence, the rest were built as suburban residences. In analysing them, an attempt is made to link them with trends in residential building in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Szala, Aleksandra. "Wyjazdy Jadwigi z Zamoyskich Sapieżyny." Galicja. Studia i materiały 6 (2020): 293–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/galisim.2020.6.14.
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The main aim of the article is to discuss the travels of duchess Jadwiga Sapieha nee Zamoyska. In her life she experienced painful moments – seven out of her eight children died at various ages. In order to improve their health she left for health resorts, which she continued even after her children’s deaths. She travelled as a tourist, visited her family scattered around Europe, received various treatments together with her husband in various spas. Her travels entailed considerable activity. She travelled to remote destinations from the perspective of her contemporary times: she visited northern Africa, rested at the French Riviera or the Alpes.
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Ziober, Aleksandra. "Sapiehas estate document from the end of the 17th century as a source of the family’s economic and political history." Open Political Science 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 164–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openps-2018-0014.
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Abstract Property documents and more precisely, the inventories of earthly goods can be very helpful in explaining complicated political affairs. Also the nobles’ names, which are mentioned in registers, may show us the influence and the composition of the nobility, from which the lider’s property were leased. Residents of manors, which belonged to the Sapieha Family, actually were forced to gain some contact and be dependent on the Family, even if it was a part of economic relations, which could easily be transformed into a personal one. However, the manor reliances undoubtedly opened up opportunities for both sides, which juxtaposed the benefits and losses with possible closer cooperation. Despite property ties, by analyzing the mentioned document we can find out (among other knowledge) the information about subordination and independence. Moreover it is possible to take the notice of the moodiness of the political scene or of the global political tendencies of residents what was the scope of interests for researcher of economists and goods.
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Tyumentsev, Igor, Nataliya Tupikova, and Nina Tyumentseva. "Documents of the Russian Archive of Jan Piotr Sapieha: Findings of 2013–2018." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 2 (April 2019): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2019.2.5.
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Introduction. The authors analyze previously unknown forty documents from the Archive of Jan Sapieha of 1608–1611 discovered over the last five years. The authors apply the following Methods: Russian and Polish Archeography, Historical Source Studies, Paleography and Linguistic Source of Studies. The new materials significantly fill in the earlier revealed “gaps” in archival fund previously reconstructed on the basis of preserved and published data on the events of the Time of Troubles. The necessity of looking for new data is determined by the demand for further exploration of one of the most important periods in the history of Russia. Introduction of revealed new documents to the scientific discourse enables us to examine previously known events from new perspectives reflecting confrontation of different political forces, to correlate the newly-appeared facts, to clear up the process of converting Russian population to Cossacks by means of robbing the populace (zemshchina) on the territories under “Tushino Regime”, to detail the circumstances of the beginning of the first militia, systematize the information about the state of peasants and orders reigning in Cossack Regiments of Tushino forces as well as in governing bodies of local administration (office environment), to reveal the sources of popular unrests in occupied Moscow, to show social and class, family and household problems of Russian people on the lands occupied by outlanders. The research performed resulted in many-faceted characteristics of the documents that significantly extend the informative value of the reconstructed archive giving new opportunities for scientific research of events of the Time of Troubles. I.O. Tyumentsev read, systematized the documents, gave description of documents from the perspective of Archeography and Source Studies. N.A. Tupikova read and interpreted the content of the texts as well as translated from Polish and commented the documents. N.E. Tyumentseva read the documents translated from Latin and commented fragments written in Latin.
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Fesser, Dominika. "The correspondence of Lew Sapieha addressed at the Radziwiłł family (in the years 1586–1622). A contribution to the reception of Stephen Báthory and Sigismund III Vasa in Lithuania." Meluzyna 3 (2015): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/me.2015.2-04.
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Fesser, Dominika. "The correspondence of Lew Sapieha addressed at the Radziwiłł family (in the years 1586–1622). A contribution to the reception of Stephen Báthory and Sigismund III Vasa in Lithuania." Meluzyna 3 (2015): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/me.2015.3-04.
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Pawlikowski, Tomasz. "Jakub hr. Potocki i jego dar dla Biblioteki Publicznej m.st. Warszawy z 1934 roku." Roczniki Biblioteczne 64 (April 6, 2021): 179–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0080-3626.64.7.
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The aim of this article is to present the little recognized, but meritorious person figure of J. Potocki and his family in historical context, as well as to characterize the gift given to the Warsaw Public Library. The biographical findings presented below, critical references to some information contained in modest studies, as well as the indication of certain facts related to the condition of the collection of books and its transfer to the Public Library, were based on reviewed archival materials, partially preserved old catalogues, 19th and 20th century press releases, literature on history and library science. The method used was mainly a comparative analysis of materials encountered in the course of queries, with a preference for sources.
Jakub Count Potocki (1863–1934) came from a well-known aristocratic family. He contributed to the Republic of Poland mainly through philanthropic activities. Shortly before his death, he was awarded the Great Ribbon of the Order of Polonia Restituta. Undoubtedly, his most important work was the bequest of almost all assets worth over 37 million PLN for the Jakub Count Potocki Foundation (September 1934), which was to finance research on cancer and tuberculosis by statute. In the same document, he donated paintings, tapestries, sculptures and furniture to the National Museum in Warsaw, and the book collection of about 11,900 volumes gathered in Helenów near Pruszków, to the Warsaw Public Library. As a whole, this collection, through provenance records and established information about its gradual accumulation by Stanisław and Jakub Potocki, as well as by the earlier owners of the book collections that joined it, proves the involvement of some representatives of the Polish intellectual elite of the 19th century in maintaining the memory of the former Polish Republic and thus maintaining the national spirit. The deliberate thematic selection is indicated by the nature of the literature collected by Sapieha, Potocki, Ignacy Count Łoś, Bentkowski, Jerzy Samuel Bandtkie or Jan Wincenty Stężyński Bandtkie, Kazimierz Stronczyński, Pruszyński. The analysis of the contents of this book collection leads to a closer acquaintance with the history of these figures, sometimes forgotten and meritorious for the Polish culture of the partition period.
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Robertson, Jennifer. "Robo Sapiens Japanicus: Humanoid Robots and the Posthuman Family." Critical Asian Studies 39, no. 3 (September 2007): 369–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14672710701527378.
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BENDER, Shawn. "Robo Sapiens Japanicus: Robots, Gender, Family, and the Japanese Nation." Social Science Japan Journal 22, no. 2 (2019): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ssjj/jyz002.
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Nelson, Lindsay. "Robo Sapiens Japanicus: Robots, Gender, Family, and the Japanese Nation." Japanese Studies 39, no. 2 (May 4, 2019): 287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10371397.2019.1635428.
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Kusano, Kohji, Mark E. Berres, and William R. Engels. "Evolution of the RECQ Family of Helicases: A Drosophila Homolog, Dmblm, Is Similar to the Human Bloom Syndrome Gene." Genetics 151, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 1027–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/151.3.1027.
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Abstract Several eukaryotic homologs of the Escherichia coli RecQ DNA helicase have been found. These include the human BLM gene, whose mutation results in Bloom syndrome, and the human WRN gene, whose mutation leads to Werner syndrome resembling premature aging. We cloned a Drosophila melanogaster homolog of the RECQ helicase family, Dmblm (Drosophila melanogaster Bloom), which encodes a putative 1487-amino-acid protein. Phylogenetic and dot plot analyses for the RECQ family, including 10 eukaryotic and 3 prokaryotic genes, indicate Dmblm is most closely related to the Homo sapiens BLM gene, suggesting functional similarity. Also, we found that Dmblm cDNA partially rescued the sensitivity to methyl methanesulfonate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae sgs1 mutant, demonstrating the presence of a functional similarity between Dmblm and SGS1. Our analyses identify four possible subfamilies in the RECQ family: (1) the BLM subgroup (H. sapiens Bloom, D. melanogaster Dmblm, and Caenorhabditis elegans T04A11.6); (2) the yeast RECQ subgroup (S. cerevisiae SGS1 and Schizosaccharomyces pombe rqh1/rad12); (3) the RECQL/Q1 subgroup (H. sapiens RECQL/Q1 and C. elegans K02F3.1); and (4) the WRN subgroup (H. sapiens Werner and C. elegans F18C5.2). This result may indicate that metazoans hold at least three RECQ genes, each of which may have a different function, and that multiple RECQ genes diverged with the generation of multicellular organisms. We propose that invertebrates such as nematodes and insects are useful as model systems of human genetic diseases.
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Singh, Shanta Balgobind, and Marion Pluskota. "Homo sapiens and Criminality." Oriental Anthropologist: A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man 20, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972558x20952635.
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History has shown that primitive societies, with their well-developed value and norm systems, were self-governing. Needs of the people led to the development of mechanisms for survival. As primitive societies became more complex, a need arose for knowledge of the nature and structure of the communities in which they lived. Moral laws and rules, which governed primitive communities, were organized around the family and tribal environment. Even in the 21st century, forms of human behavior management center on tribal authority systems in different parts of the world. Crime is a social construction that has been widely theorized by historians, sociologists, anthropologists, and, of course, criminologists. Researchers have long tried to answer the questions as to why crime exists, how it is defined, how it can be controlled, and what makes it more prevalent in certain communities than in others. This special issue addresses many of these questions and reflects on contemporary research in the criminological field. The authors are at the forefront of the research on crime and shed new light on our societies’ ability to identify, reduce, or cope with criminality.
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Manjasetty, Babu A., Frank H. Niesen, Heinrich Delbrück, Frank Götz, Volker Sievert, Konrad Büssow, Joachim Behlke, and Udo Heinemann. "X-ray structure of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase family member Homo sapiens FLJ36880." Biological Chemistry 385, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 935–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bc.2004.122.
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Abstract The human protein FLJ36880 belongs to the fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase family. The X-ray structure of FLJ36880 has been determined to 2.2 Å resolution employing the semi-automated high-throughput structural genomics approach of the Protein Structure Factory. FLJ36880 adopts a mixed β-sandwich roll fold and forms homodimers in crystals as well as in solution. One Mg2+ ion is bound to each subunit of the dimeric protein by coordination to three carboxylate oxygens and three water molecules. These metal binding sites are accessible from the same surface of the dimer, partly due to the disorder of the undecapeptide stretch D29 to L39. The overall structure and metal binding site of FLJ36880 bear clear similarities to the C-terminal domain of the bifunctional enzyme HpcE from Escherichia coli C, fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase from Mus musculus and to YcgM (Apc5008) from E. coli 1262. These similarities provide a framework for suggesting biochemical functions and evolutionary relationships of FLJ36880. It appears highly probable that the metal binding sites are involved in an enzymatic activity related to the catabolism of aromatic amino acids. Two point mutations in the active-site of FAH, responsible for the metabolic disease hereditary tyrosinemia type I (HTI) in humans, affect residues that are structurally conserved in FLJ36880 and located in the putative catalytic site.
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Vučković, Nina, Ivana Vico, Bojan Duduk, and Nataša Duduk. "Diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthe Species Associated with Postharvest Apple Fruit Decay in Serbia." Phytopathology® 112, no. 4 (April 2022): 929–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-07-21-0304-r.
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Family Botryosphaeriaceae and the genus Diaporthe (family Diaporthaceae) represent diverse groups of plant pathogens, which include causal agents of leaf spot, shoot blight, branch and stem cankers, dieback, and pre- and postharvest apple fruit decay. Apple fruit with symptoms of light to dark brown decay were collected during and after harvest from 2016 to 2018. Thirty selected isolates, on which pathogenicity was confirmed, were identified and characterized based on multilocus phylogeny and morphology. Five species from the family Botryosphaeriaceae and two from the genus Diaporthe (fam. Diaporthaceae) were discovered. The most commonly isolated was Diplodia seriata followed by Botryosphaeria dothidea. In this work, Diaporthe rudis is described as a new postharvest pathogen of apple fruit. Diplodia bulgarica, Diplodia sapinea, Neofusicoccum yunnanense, and Diaporthe eres are initially described as postharvest apple and D. sapinea as postharvest quince and medlar fruit pathogens in Serbia. Because species of the family Botryosphaeriaceae and the genus Diaporthe are known to cause other diseases on their hosts, have an endophytic nature, and have a wide host range, findings from this study imply that they may become a new challenge for successful fruit production.
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Figal, Gerald. "Robo Sapiens Japanicus: Robots, Gender, Family, and the Japanese Nation by Jennifer Robertson." Journal of Japanese Studies 46, no. 2 (2020): 553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jjs.2020.0076.
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Nuttle, Xander, Giuliana Giannuzzi, Michael H. Duyzend, Joshua G. Schraiber, Iñigo Narvaiza, Peter H. Sudmant, Osnat Penn, et al. "Emergence of a Homo sapiens-specific gene family and chromosome 16p11.2 CNV susceptibility." Nature 536, no. 7615 (August 2016): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature19075.
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Shchelkanov, M. Yu, N. Magassouba, V. G. Dedkov, G. A. Shipulin, I. V. Galkina, A. Y. Popova, and V. V. Maleev. "NATURAL RESERVOIR OF FILOVIRUSES AND TYPES OF ASSOCIATED EPIDEMIC OUTBREAKS IN AFRICA." Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences 72, no. 2 (April 25, 2017): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vramn803.
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Family Filoviridae includes a set of etiological agents of human hemorrhagic fevers distributed in Africa: Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV), Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV), Bundibugyo ebolavirus (BDBV), Taï Forest ebolavirus (TAFV), Marburg marburgvirus (MMARV). Historiography and recent taxonomical structure of Filoviridae family are considered in the review. The discussed data of laboratory and ecological-virological field researches demonstrate the presence of a natural reservoir of filoviruses among fruit-bats (Chiroptera, Megachiroptera) which carry filovirus infection without clinical signs but allocate viruses with urine, saliva, excrements, and sperm, as well as contain viruses in blood and internals. The potential hosts of filoviruses are various mammal species including the higher primacies (Anthropoidea) and the humans (Homo sapiens sapiens). A brief comparison of anatomic and morphologic features of fruit bats and bats (Chiroptera, Microchiroptera) belonging to another suborder of chiropterans is presented. The description of the basic characteristics of the four types of epidemic outbreaks linked with Filoviridae-associated fevers — speleological (from Ancient Greek σπήλαιον — cave), forest, rural, and urban are given; their possible transformation directions are considered as well.
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Bulama-Modu, M., T. K. Muftaudeen, A. E. Ayodele, and A. J. Akinloye. "Systematic wood anatomical study in some species of Sapindaceae Juss. in South-Western Nigeria." Plants and Environment 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/2582-3744.2021.jun.37.
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Comparative wood anatomical studies was carried out on ten species in the family Sapindaceae. The species were relatively uniform in the features of their vessels, in which diffuse porous was observed with solitary vessels to pore multiples in transverse section and ray cells were predominantly heterogeneous in radial section. Fibres were long and extensive. The longest fibre was observed in Blighia sapida (1025±28.5 µm), while the shortest fibre was observed in Cardiospermum halicacabum (139±6.5 µm). The longest vessel was observed in Deinbolia pinnata (509±34.9 µm) and the shortest vessel was observed in Cardiospermum halicacabum (85.36±4.9 µm). The implication of these features in the taxonomy of the family was discussed. The Dendrogram based on the quantitative wood characters confirmed Allophylus africanus and Allophylus spicatus belong to the same genus as classified, likewise Blighia unijugata, Blighia sapida but Cardiospermum halicacabum is closely related to Paullinia pinnata while others exhibited distinct generic characters.
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Sivakumar, Dakshinamurthy, and Thirunavukkarasu Sivaraman. "A Review on Structures and Functions of Bcl-2 Family Proteins from Homo sapiens." Protein & Peptide Letters 23, no. 10 (September 22, 2016): 932–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929866523666160719094636.
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Kruglov, I. V. "Flaviviridae — addition to the family." Health and Ecology Issues, no. 4 (December 28, 2019): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2019-16-4-1.
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This review article analyzes and summarizes the history of the replenishment of the family Flaviviridae with new members over the last several decades on the example of the youngest genera of this family - Hepacivirus and Pegivirus .It all started in 1966 when surgeon George Barker, who had hepatitis, had blood serum taken in containing an unknown virus. This virus was named GBV , by patient initials. Samples of the serum were frozen. A nucleic acid recognized as corresponding to the genomes of 2 separate virus species was isolated from the tested material in 1995. These viruses were named GBV-A and GBV-B . By this time, the hepatitis C virus had already been discovered, which was assigned to the Flaviviridae family, where a separate, third genus of Hepacivirus was allocated for it.In 2010, a more distantly related virus (named GBV-D ) was found in bats (Indian flying fox - lat. Pteropus giganteus ). GBV-B , which causes acute hepatitis in experimentally infected tamarines, became the second species in the genus Hepacivirus to company with hepatitis C virus. The remaining GB viruses based on phylogenetic relation-ships, genome organization, and pathogenetic properties were proposed in 2011 to be classified as members of the fourth genus in the Flaviviridae family. This genus was named Pegivirus (pe - persistence, g - GB).11 species of viruses have now been identified in the genus Pegivirus . They are indicated by letters in the order of the Latin alphabet - from Pegivirus A to Pegivirus K. And 14 species of viruses have now been identified in the genus Hepacivirus . So the story of the investigation, which began in 1966 with the discovery of the previously unknown GBV virus, has so far concluded with the discovery of two new genera of the family Flaviviridae. Numerous members of these two genera infect and also persist among a wide range of species belonging to different orders of the mammalian class, including Homo Sapiens .
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Labate, Grazia. "L'UmanitÀ di Achille Ardigň." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 2 (September 2009): 202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2009-su2020.
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- I met Achille Ardigň at the establishment by the Minister Foschi (Minister of Labor and Social Security) of the National Commission on the issues of family, when I was still a young researcher of IRLES (Ligure Insitut for Economic and Social research). I was appointed in the National Commission Institute on Family in the group that had to analyze the evolutionary trends in the 80's of public social policies. Working with Prof. Sgritta of the Sapienza University in Rome, with Prof. Alba Dini of the Pontifical Gregorian University and Livio Labor chairman of the ACLI, I had to study the theories of Ardigň and Donati. Hence the encounter with Ardigň was decisive. From the methodological point of view: he taught me the need to combine several disciplines, to find a common point of view, with no hegemonic pretension.Keywords: family, maternity, Welfare, network, coresponsibility, social value.Parole chiave: famiglia, maternitÀ, Welfare, rete, corresponsabilitÀ, valore sociale.
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Bouzin, Yoan, Benjamin Thomas Viart, María Moriel-Carretero, and Sofia Kossida. "PyFuncover: full proteome search for a specific function using BLAST and PFAM." EMBnet.journal 24 (April 25, 2019): e925. http://dx.doi.org/10.14806/ej.24.0.925.
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Python Function uncover (PyFuncover) is a new bioinformatic tool able to search proteins with a specific function in a full proteome. The pipeline coded in python uses BLAST alignment and the sequences from a PFAM family as the search seed. We tested PyFuncover using the fatty acid-binding family (FABP) Lipocalin_7 from PFAM (version 32, 2019) against the Homo sapiens NCBI proteome. After applying the scoring function in all the BLAST results, the data were classified and submitted to a GO-TERM analysis using bioDBnet. Analyses showed that all families of FABPs were ranked within the top scores. Included within this category were also families able to bind to hydrophobic molecules similar to fatty acids such as the retinol acid transporter and the cellular retinoic acid-binding protein.
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Pan, Li, Jianliang Lv, Zhongwang Zhang, and Yongguang Zhang. "Adaptation and Constraint in the Atypical Chemokine Receptor Family in Mammals." BioMed Research International 2018 (September 24, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9065181.
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Atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) are a subclass of G protein-coupled receptors characterized by promiscuity of ligand binding and an obvious inability to signal after ligand binding. Although some discoveries regarding this family in Homo sapiens and other species have been reported in some studies, the evolution and function of multiple ACKR in mammals have not yet been clearly understood. We performed an evolutionary analysis of ACKR genes (ACKR1, ACKR2, ACKR3, and ACKR4) in mammals. Ninety-two full-length ACKR genes from 27 mammal species were retrieved from the Genbank and Ensemble databases. Phylogenetic analysis showed that there were four well-conserved subfamilies in mammals. Synteny analysis revealed that ACKR genes formed conserved linkage groups with their adjacent genes across mammalian species, facilitating the identification of ACKRs in as yet unannotated genome datasets. Analysis of the site-specific profiles established by posterior probability revealed the positive-selection sites to be distributed mainly in the ligand binding region of ACKR1. This study highlights the molecular evolution of the ACKR gene family in mammals and identifies the critical amino acid residues likely to be relevant to ligand binding. Further experimental verification of these findings may provide valuable information regarding the ACKR’s biochemical and physiological functions.
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Alwi HS, Muhammad, Siti Robikah, and Iin Parninsih. "Reinterpretation of the Term Al-Nas (QS. Al-Hujurat 13) in Relation to the Social Aspects of Human and Homo Sapiens." Jurnal Studi Ilmu-ilmu Al-Qur'an dan Hadis 22, no. 2 (July 30, 2021): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/qh.2021.2202-11.
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The interpretation of QS. Al-Hujurat 13 revolves as the creation of human which refers to Adam and Eve. In fact, human terminology in contemporary discourse refers to the definition of human as a homo sapien. Homo sapien refers to humans not only as biological but also social. By using the method of Tafsir Maqashidi, this article develops an understanding of Tafseer. Here, the Tafsir Maqashidi will be used as a method of reinterpreting the term al-Nas in QS. Al-Hujurat 13. The results of this article indicate that QS. Al-Hujurat 13 does not refer to Adam and Hawa, but it discusses the creation of humans that previously had other parties. The other party here starts from God, parents, family, society, living and dead beings, and the universe. Apart from that, this article also shows that the social aspect of the verse includes not only fellow Muslims, fellow humans, but also all God's creatures. These two understandings explain the similarities of Al-Nas and homo sapien in the context of humans as one of the species of living things on this earth. From here, humans are required to hifdzh Al-Aql, hifdzh Al-Din, hifdz Al-Nashl, hifdzl Al-Mal, hifdzh Al-Nafs, hifdzh Al-Bi'ah and hifdzh Al-Daulah as maqashidi QS. Al-Hujurat 13 which can be widely felt in human life.
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LEE, SEUNG-YEOL, LEONID N. TEN, BENJAMIN YAW AYIM, OKOUMA NGUIA FULBERT, KALLOL DAS, and HEE-YOUNG JUNG. "Diplodia parva sp. nov., a novel species of the family Botryosphaeriaceae isolated from soil in Korea." Phytotaxa 514, no. 2 (August 13, 2021): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.514.2.2.
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A fungal strain designated KNU16-007, belonging to the family Botryosphaeriaceae, was isolated from soil in Daegu, Korea. Phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated nucleotide sequences of the ITS and TEF-1α regions, showed that the isolate resides in a clade together with Diplodia species but occupies a distinct phylogenetic position. Conidial dimensions of strain KNU16-007 (22.7–29.3 μm × 8.9–10.9 μm) or its conidial length:width ratio were significantly differed from those of the closely related D. sapinea, D. intermedia, D. scrobiculata, D. seriata, D. crataegicola, D. rosacearum, and D. citricarpa clearly indicating morphological differences from these species. Detailed descriptions, illustrations, and discussions regarding the morphological and phylogenetic analyses of the closely related species are provided to support the novelty of the isolated species. The results of phylogenetic analysis and morphological observations indicate that strain KNU16-007 represents a novel species in the genus Diplodia, for which the name Diplodia parva sp. nov. is proposed.
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Munir, Anum, Shaukat Iqbal Malik, and Khalid Akhtar Malik. "Proteome Mining for the Identification of Putative Drug Targets For Human Pathogen Clostridium Tetani." Current Bioinformatics 14, no. 6 (July 16, 2019): 532–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574893613666181114095736.
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Background: Clostridium tetani are rod-like, anaerobic types of pathogenic bacteria of the genus Clostridium. It is Gram-positive in nature and appears as a tennis racket or drumsticks on staining with the dye. Tetanus is a neuromuscular disease wherein the Clostridium tetani exotoxin produces muscle fits in the host. Tetanus is the second leading cause of worldwide deaths occurring from the family of immunization-preventable diseases. Methods: In this research, subtractive proteome analysis of C. tetani was performed to identify putative drug targets. The proteins were subjected to blast analysis against Homo sapiens to exclude homologous proteins. The database of Essential Genes was used to determine the essential proteins of the pathogen. These basic proteins were additionally analyzed to anticipate the corresponding metabolic pathways. Results: Cellular localization analysis was carried out to determine the possibility of the protein presence in the outer membrane. The study has recognized 29 essential genes and 20 unique pathways of 2314 proteins as potential drug targets. There are 29 essential proteins, out of which, 3 membrane proteins were also identified as putative drug targets. Conclusion: Virtual screening in contrast to these proteins can be valuable in the identification of novel clinical compounds for the C. tetani infections in Homo sapiens.
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Makino, Hiroshi, and Masako Jitsumori. "Discrimination of artificial categories structured by family resemblances: A comparative study in people (Homo sapiens) and pigeons (Columba livia)." Journal of Comparative Psychology 121, no. 1 (2007): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.121.1.22.
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Marshall, Robert C. "Robo Sapiens Japanicus: Robots, Gender, Family, and the Japanese Nation byJennifer Robertson Oakland: University of California Press, 2018. 260 pp." American Anthropologist 121, no. 3 (June 7, 2019): 783–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aman.13285.
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Tenore, Gianluca, Alessandro Nuvoli, Ahmed Mohsen, Andrea Cassoni, Andrea Battisti, Valentina Terenzi, Marco Della Monaca, et al. "Tobacco, Alcohol and Family History of Cancer as Risk Factors of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Case-Control Retrospective Study." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (June 4, 2020): 3896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113896.
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The aim of the study is to observe retrospectively the correlation between Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and risk factors; including tobacco, alcohol and Family History of Cancer (FHC). A total of 478 patients were included retrospectively from the database of the Department of Oral Sciences and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome. A Test Group (TG) consisted of 239 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of OSCC. A Control Group (CG) consisted of 239 patients without history and/or diagnosis of oral cancer. The logistic regression models were used to calculate the adjusted Odd Ratios (ORs) associated with alcohol, tobacco and FHC; including the General Family History of Cancer (GFHC) and Family History of Head and Neck Cancer (FHHNC) and their 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). The high rate of tobacco consumption was associated with an OR of 1.035 (95% CI 1.001–1.070) and a statistical significance (p = 0.041). Drinker patients showed a significant risk of developing OSCC (p = 0.05) and the OR was 1.035 (95% CI 1.010–1.061). The GFHC was associated with a marginal risk of OSCC with an OR of 1.095 (95% CI 0.953–1.259), without significance (p = 0.199). The FHHNC showed a notable risk increase with an OR of 1.871 (95% CI 0.902–3.882), without significance (p = 0.092). Alcohol and tobacco may be associated with an increase in the risk of OSCC.
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Gao, Lan, and Bi Yun Zhu. "Molecular Cloning and Structure Analysis of MpARF, an ADP-Ribosylation Factor in Monascus purpureus." Advanced Materials Research 884-885 (January 2014): 574–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.884-885.574.
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ADP-ribosylation factors (ARF) are ubiquitous regulators of vesicular membrane traffic in all eukaryotic cells. A full-length cDNA encoding an ARF was cloned from the cDNA library ofMonascus purpureus. The cDNA was 1275 bp in length, contains a predicted 555 bp ORF that encodes 184 amino acids, the gene was designated MpARF. The deduced amino acid sequence showed high homology to ARF6 ofHomo sapiens, ARFB ofAspergillus nidulansand ARF3p ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae, including conserved N-terminal myristoylation site, GTP binding and GTP hydrolysis site, suggesting that the MpARF is a member of the ARF6 protein family. A typical G protein fold three-dimensional model of MpARF was built; the structure is similar to the structure of human ARF6. According to the functions of ARFB and ARF3p in fungi, we implicated that the MpARF would involved in hyphal polarized growth.
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Pemberton, Trevor J., and John E. Kay. "Identification and Comparative Analysis of the Peptidyl-Prolylcis/transIsomerase Repertoires ofH. sapiens, D. melanogaster, C. elegans, S. cerevisiae and Sz. pombe." Comparative and Functional Genomics 6, no. 5-6 (2005): 277–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cfg.482.
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The peptidyl-prolylcis/transisomerase (PPIase) class of proteins comprises three member families that are found throughout nature and are present in all the major compartments of the cell. Their numbers appear to be linked to the number of genes in their respective genomes, although we have found the human repertoire to be smaller than expected due to a reduced cyclophilin repertoire. We show here that whilst the members of the cyclophilin family (which are predominantly found in the nucleus and cytoplasm) and the parvulin family (which are predominantly nuclear) are largely conserved between different repertoires, the FKBPs (which are predominantly found in the cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum) are not. It therefore appears that the cyclophilins and parvulins have evolved to perform conserved functions, while the FKBPs have evolved to fill ever-changing niches within the constantly evolving organisms. Many orthologous subgroups within the different PPIase families appear to have evolved from a distinct common ancestor, whereas others, such as the mitochondrial cyclophilins, appear to have evolved independently of one another. We have also identified a novel parvulin withinDrosophila melanogasterthat is unique to the fruit fly, indicating a recent evolutionary emergence. Interestingly, the fission yeast repertoire, which contains no unique cyclophilins and parvulins, shares no PPIases solely with the budding yeast but it does share a majority with the higher eukaryotes in this study, unlike the budding yeast. It therefore appears that, in comparison withSchizosaccharomyces pombe, Saccharomyces cerevisiaeis a poor representation of the higher eukaryotes for the study of PPIases.
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Norscia, Ivan, Elisa Demuru, and Elisabetta Palagi. "She more than he : gender bias supports the empathic nature of yawn contagion in Homo sapiens." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 2 (February 2016): 150459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150459.
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Psychological, clinical and neurobiological findings endorse that empathic abilities are more developed in women than in men. Because there is growing evidence that yawn contagion is an empathy-based phenomenon, we expect that the female bias in the empathic abilities reflects on a gender skew in the responsiveness to others’ yawns. We verified this assumption by applying a linear model on a dataset gathered during a 5 year period of naturalistic observations on humans. Gender, age and social bond were included in the analysis as fixed factors. The social bond and the receiver’s gender remained in the best model. The rates of contagion were significantly lower between acquaintances than between friends and family members, and significantly higher in women than in men. These results not only confirm that yawn contagion is sensitive to social closeness, but also that the phenomenon is affected by the same gender bias affecting empathy. The sex skew, also found in other non-human species, fits with the female social roles which are likely to require higher empathic abilities (e.g. parental care, group cohesion maintenance, social mediation). The fact that female influence in social dynamics also relies on face-to-face emotional exchange raises concerns on the negative repercussions of having women’s facial expressions forcibly concealed.
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Józefów-Czerwińska, Bożena. "W poszukiwaniu początków oraz prób zrozumienia „zachowań symbolicznych”. Zarys problematyki." Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia 25 (December 15, 2020): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/fpp.2020.25.05.
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In academic literature there is a whole range of hypotheses relating to the genesis of the symbolic behavior, which are usually also associated with the beginnings of the development of spirituality. In the nineteenth century, the considerations conducted in this area were often influenced by negative stereotypes (relating, among others, to hunter-gatherers), which were later deconstructed. Although the discussion on this subject has been ongoing since the nineteenth century, even in the light of research and achievements of the modern science, the problem of the origins of symbolic behavior has still not been unequivocally resolved. However, it is assumed that they should be attributed primarily to the changes that were initiated in our ancestors from the Homo Sapiens family. In recent years, however, some ethologists and primatologists believe that the genesis of symbolic behavior should be sought in the animal world. I devote my article to this diversified subject matter.
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Godin, Stephen K., Camille Meslin, Faiz Kabbinavar, Dominique S. Bratton-Palmer, Christina Hornack, Michael J. Mihalevic, Kyle Yoshida, Meghan Sullivan, Nathan L. Clark, and Kara A. Bernstein. "Evolutionary and Functional Analysis of the Invariant SWIM Domain in the Conserved Shu2/SWS1 Protein Family from Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Homo sapiens." Genetics 199, no. 4 (February 5, 2015): 1023–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.114.173518.
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Ding, Wei Jun, Ying Zi Zeng, Wei Hong Li, Tian E. Zhang, Wei Wei Liu, Xiao Kun Teng, Yong Xin Ma, Shi Lin Yan, Jennifer Man-Fan Wan, and Mi-Qu Wang. "Identification of Linkage Disequilibrium SNPs from a Kidney-Yang Deficiency Syndrome Pedigree." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 37, no. 03 (January 2009): 427–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x09006953.
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In order to probe the genetic traits of Kidney-yang Deficiency Syndrome (KDS), we employed a national standard of KDS diagnosis for the collection of KDS subjects. Each candidate KDS subject from a typical family was diagnosed by 5 independent physicians of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and repeated for 3 years, all on the first Saturday of December. Fifteen samples of genomic DNA were isolated and genotyped by Affymetrix 100 K arrays of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Then appropriate tools were used for the analysis of linkage disequilibrium (LD) and bioinformatic mining of LD SNPs. The results indicated that our procedure of TCM diagnosis can effectively collect KDS subjects and therefore provide substantial basis for the linkage analysis of KDS. Five SNPs (i.e. rs514207, rs1054020, rs7685923, rs10515889 and rs10516202) were identified as LD SNPs from this KDS family, representing an unprecedented set of LD SNPs derived from TCM syndrome. These SNPs demonstrate midrange linkage disequilibrium within the KDS family. Two genes with established functions were identified within 100 bp of these SNPs. One is Homo sapiens double cortin domain containing 5, which interacts selectively with mono-, di- or tri-saccharide carbohydrate and involves certain signaling cascades. Another one, leucyl-tRNA synthetase, is also a pleiotropic gene response to cysteinyl-tRNA aminoacylation and protein biosynthesis. In conclusion, KDS is involved in special SNP linkage disequilibrium in the intragenic level, and genes within the flanks of these SNPs suggest some essential symptoms of KDS. However, definitive evidence to confirm or exclude these loci and to establish their biological activities will be required.
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Gunawan, Gunawan, Tatik Chikmawati, Sobir Sobir, and Sulistijorini Sulistijorini. "Review: Fitokimia genus Baccaurea spp." Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi 2, no. 2 (September 20, 2016): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/bioeksperimen.v2i2.2488.
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Genus BaccaureaLour. adalah salah satu anggota dari famili Phyllanthaceae, merupakan genus yang cukup besar dengan anggota mencapai 43 spesies. Pada pengobatan tradisional genus Baccaurea telah dimanfaatkan masyarakat untuk mengobati sembelit, pembengkakan pada mata, radang sendi, abses, sakit perut, memperlancar haid serta buang air kecil. Beberapa anggota genus Baccaureamemiliki potensi sebagai tumbuhan obat karena mengandung metabolit sekunder seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, karotenoid, antosianin, tanin, asam rosmarinik dan fenolik. Kandungan metabolit sekunder tersebut berpotensi sebagai antioksidan, antikanker, antimikroba, antidiabetes, antiinflamasi, antitripanosoma. B. ramiflora, B. lanceolata, B. macrocarpa, B. angulata, B. motleyana, B. brevipes, B. hookeri, B.recemosa, B. sapida, B. polyneura, B.parviflora dan B.dulcis adalah anggota genus Baccaurea yang berpotensi sebagai tumbuhan obat.
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Li, Guangdong, Xiuzhi Tian, Dongying Lv, Lu Zhang, Zhenzhen Zhang, Jing Wang, Minghui Yang, et al. "NLRP7 is expressed in the ovine ovary and associated with in vitro pre-implantation embryo development." Reproduction 158, no. 5 (November 2019): 415–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-19-0081.
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NLRP (NACHT, LRR and PYD domain-containing proteins) family plays pivotal roles in mammalian reproduction. Mutation of NLRP7 is often associated with human recurrent hydatidiform moles. Few studies regarding the functions of NLRP7 have been performed in other mammalian species rather than humans. In the current study, for the first time, the function of NLRP7 has been explored in ovine ovary. NLRP7 protein was mainly located in ovarian follicles and in in vitro pre-implantation embryos. To identify its origin, 763 bp partial CDS of NLRP7 deriving from sheep cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) was cloned, it showed a great homology with Homo sapiens. The high levels of mRNA and protein of NLRP7 were steadily expressed in oocytes, parthenogenetic embryos or IVF embryos. NLRP7 knockdown by the combination of siRNA and shRNA jeopardized both the parthenogenetic and IVF embryo development. These results strongly suggest that NLRP7 plays an important role in ovine reproduction. The potential mechanisms of NLRP7 will be fully investigated in the future.
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Chen, Xiaowu, and Zhiyi Shi. "Sequence Analysis of the Full-length cDNA and Protein Structure Homology Modeling of FABP2 from Paralichthys Olivaceus." Bioinformatics and Biology Insights 3 (January 2009): BBI.S2287. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/bbi.s2287.
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Using zebrafish intestinal fatty acid-binding protein 2 (FABP2) mRNA sequence as the initial query probe, four highly homologous Paralichthys olivaceus EST sequences were retrieved from Genbank database. The assembled full-length cDNA contains the open reading frame of P. olivaceus FABP2 gene, which was validated by subsequent RT-PCR cloning. In the coding region, the average GC content is 56%, but it would reach 76.8% if only counting for the third base of the codons. The deduced P. olivaceus FABP2 polypeptide contains 132 amino acids (aa), with a predicted molecular size of 15.3 kD and pI at 6.74. This protein multiple-alignment has shown that this peptide is 75.7% identical to the corresponding homologous protein in Danio rerio. Among the 7 aa that are essential for FABP2 function, 3 were found to be conserved among P. olivaceus, Danio rerio, Tetraodon nigroviridi, Rattus norvegicus, and Homo sapiens. The study provides essential information on molecular evolution and function of FABP family.
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Gentry, Matthew S., Robert H. Dowen, Carolyn A. Worby, Seema Mattoo, Joseph R. Ecker, and Jack E. Dixon. "The phosphatase laforin crosses evolutionary boundaries and links carbohydrate metabolism to neuronal disease." Journal of Cell Biology 178, no. 3 (July 23, 2007): 477–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200704094.
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Lafora disease (LD) is a progressive myoclonic epilepsy resulting in severe neurodegeneration followed by death. A hallmark of LD is the accumulation of insoluble polyglucosans called Lafora bodies (LBs). LD is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the phosphatase laforin, which reportedly exists solely in vertebrates. We utilized a bioinformatics screen to identify laforin orthologues in five protists. These protists evolved from a progenitor red alga and synthesize an insoluble carbohydrate whose composition closely resembles LBs. Furthermore, we show that the kingdom Plantae, which lacks laforin, possesses a protein with laforin-like properties called starch excess 4 (SEX4). Mutations in the Arabidopsis thaliana SEX4 gene results in a starch excess phenotype reminiscent of LD. We demonstrate that Homo sapiens laforin complements the sex4 phenotype and propose that laforin and SEX4 are functional equivalents. Finally, we show that laforins and SEX4 dephosphorylate a complex carbohydrate and form the only family of phosphatases with this activity. These results provide a molecular explanation for the etiology of LD.
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Fernie, Alisdair R., João Henrique F. Cavalcanti, and Adriano Nunes-Nesi. "Metabolic Roles of Plant Mitochondrial Carriers." Biomolecules 10, no. 7 (July 8, 2020): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10071013.
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Mitochondrial carriers (MC) are a large family (MCF) of inner membrane transporters displaying diverse, yet often redundant, substrate specificities, as well as differing spatio-temporal patterns of expression; there are even increasing examples of non-mitochondrial subcellular localization. The number of these six trans-membrane domain proteins in sequenced plant genomes ranges from 39 to 141, rendering the size of plant families larger than that found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and comparable with Homo sapiens. Indeed, comparison of plant MCs with those from these better characterized species has been highly informative. Here, we review the most recent comprehensive studies of plant MCFs, incorporating the torrent of genomic data emanating from next-generation sequencing techniques. As such we present a more current prediction of the substrate specificities of these carriers as well as review the continuing quest to biochemically characterize this feature of the carriers. Taken together, these data provide an important resource to guide direct genetic studies aimed at addressing the relevance of these vital carrier proteins.
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Danelia, Irina, Nino Zaqariashvili, Lia Amiranashvili, Gulnara Badridze, and Salome Kvitsiani. "The mycological study of conifers in Tbilisi and its surroundings." Journal of Forest Science 67, No. 10 (October 15, 2021): 464–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/79/2021-jfs.
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Extensive microbiological research was carried out in Tbilisi (capital of Georgia) and its surroundings to determine the causes of massive disease and dieback of urban coniferous plantations. The biological material was picked up in June–July 2020 from trees with various degrees of the disease in 42 different localities. 247 conifers (15 species) were examined microbiologically. 1 169 samples of microscopic fungi were isolated. Based on cultural-morphological and molecular-genetic (PCR) studies, 34 strains were identified to the species level, 17 to the genus level, and 1 strain to the family level. Ascomycota were represented by 15 families and 33 species, Basidiomycota by 1 family and 2 species and Zygomycota by 2 families and 2 species. Among the isolated strains, 9 species were clearly dominant and found in all studied coniferous species: Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl, Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko & B. Button, Epicoccum nigrum Link., Sordaria lappae Potebnia, Curvularia spp., Dothiorella spp, Nothophoma quercina (Sydow & P. Sydow) Q. Chen & L. Cai, Phoma odoratissimi Q. Chen, Didymella aliena (Fries) Q. Chen & L. Cai. It may be supposed that massive activation of pathogenic fungi is the result of weakening of plant immunity on the background of increasing abiotic stresses in Tbilisi over the years; which led to an imbalance between latent pathogens and host plants and eventually to the depressing consequences of trees dieback.
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Ohi, Ryoma, Anna Feoktistova, Stacey McCann, Virginia Valentine, A. Thomas Look, Joseph S. Lipsick, and Kathleen L. Gould. "Myb-Related Schizosaccharomyces pombecdc5p Is Structurally and Functionally Conserved in Eukaryotes." Molecular and Cellular Biology 18, no. 7 (July 1, 1998): 4097–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.18.7.4097.
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ABSTRACT Schizosaccharomyces pombe cdc5p is a Myb-related protein that is essential for G2/M progression. To explore the structural and functional conservation of Cdc5 throughout evolution, we isolated Cdc5-related genes and cDNAs fromSaccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and Homo sapiens. Supporting the notion that these Cdc5 gene family members are functionally homologous to S. pombe cdc5 +, human and fly Cdc5 cDNAs are capable of complementing the temperature-sensitive lethality of the S. pombe cdc5-120 mutant. Furthermore, S. cerevisiae CEF1(S. cerevisiae homolog of cdc5 +), like S. pombe cdc5 +, is essential during G2/M. The location of the cdc5-120 mutation, as well as mutational analyses of Cef1p, indicate that the Myb repeats of cdc5p and Cef1p are important for their function in vivo. However, we found that unlike in c-Myb, single residue substitutions of glycines for hydrophobic residues within the Myb repeats of Cef1p, which are essential for maintaining structure of the Myb domain, did not impair Cef1p function in vivo. Rather, multiple W-to-G substitutions were required to inactivate Cef1p, and many of the substitution mutants were found to confer temperature sensitivity. Although it is possible that Cef1p acts as a transcriptional activator, we have demonstrated that Cef1p is not involved in transcriptional activation of a class of G2/M-regulated genes typified by SWI5. Collectively, these results suggest that Cdc5 family members participate in a novel pathway to regulate G2/M progression.
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Karaca, Alp. "Innovative technologies and living spaces; Updated living standards according to the evolution of homo sapiens." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Advances in Pure and Applied Sciences, no. 12 (April 30, 2020): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjpaas.v0i12.4990.
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Homosapiens is the common family name for contemporary human beings. There are different kinds of homo species but the most recent one with the most improved abilities are human beings of the present era, who have adapted themselves to the new technologies and life conditions by improving themselves. The substantial improvements in technology started with the French Revolution in 1799. Initially, technology helped human beings in the production and industry sectors. Thereafter, in the 1990s, technology penetrated living spaces, firstly helping with household duties and then impacting social life, first with the radio and later with the television. Living spaces started to change through the organisation of spaces, and most houses were organised according to location reserved for the television. This is the biggest change brought about by technology in living spaces. The expectations of human beings were on the rise simultaneously with economic welfare and consumption-based demands. In the 2000s, phyisical limitations occurred, while expectations increased even more. These were constraints over time, materials and economy, and the solution came from technology via virtual reality and generated cyber spaces, which were without limits, economical and surpassed the built environments. Due to the lack of physical conditions, built envionments ceded their place to virtual living spaces and virtual cities. In the present study, data collection was undertaken via a study of innovations within living spaces and also via an observation of social lives within living spaces. The present article aims to present what can be foreseen, on the basis of cause and effect, concerning the impacts of the current evolution on the one hand and massive outbreaks of viruses on the other hand, the impacts on the physical spaces of the homosapiens species that have succeeded in adapting to all the changes that they have come across from their beginnings until the present era, the impacts that both phenomena will have on the current living standards and living spaces of humans and what changes human living spaces will undergo in the ongoing process of evolution. Human beings will continue renewing themselves throughout the said phenomena before concluding their process of evolution.
Keywords: Innovative, technology, living spaces, living standards, homosapiens.
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Long, Jiaoyue, Meng Li, Qian Ren, Chiyu Zhang, Jing Fan, Yiyuan Duan, Jun Chen, Bo Li, and Linhong Deng. "Phylogenetic and molecular evolution of the ADAM (A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease) gene family from Xenopus tropicalis, to Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, and Homo sapiens." Gene 507, no. 1 (October 2012): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2012.07.016.
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Jasiūnienė, Gabrielė. "Genealogical Links in Samogitian Nobility Heraldry Sources in the Second Half of the 16th–18th Centuries." Bibliotheca Lituana 6 (December 20, 2019): 148–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/bibllita.2018.vi.9.
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Heraldry and its research have deep traditions in Europe, making it a certain focus of attention among researchers. The interest in this field in Lithuania is a more recent phenomenon. The late beginning of heraldry research was partly influenced by Lithuania’s loss of independence. At present, researchers’ attention is focused mainly on the periods of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, also looking at Lithuanian heraldry from the 20th–21st centuries, and conducting thorough research of the coats of arms of the state, cities, and towns. Research of the heraldry of the nobility is also being conducted, such as the heraldry of the political elite in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania – the Goštautas, Pacas, Radvila, Sapiega families, etc. The heraldry of representatives of the lower gentry, especially among the Samogitian families, has received less attention. Many unanswered questions and undeveloped themes remain in the field of the Samogitian nobility’s heraldry, overlooked in research for a long time. This article analyzes how genealogical links were reflected in Samogitian nobility heraldry sources in the second half of the 16th–18th centuries. Having analyzed the heraldic sources of the Samogitian nobility, it was found that these reflected not only information about a specific individual, but also their broader origins, family and marital lines. The coats of arms of the Samogitian nobility in time became a unique means of representation. The coats of arms of the Samogitian nobility were depicted in seals, literature, portraits, architecture, and elsewhere.