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Guo, Shengjun. "Structural studies of saponins from Quillaja saponaria Molina /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5786-6.pdf.
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Nord, Lars. "Structural analysis of saponins from Quillaja saponaria Molina and methods for structure-property relationship studies /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5769-6.pdf.
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Nazabadioko, Serge. "Synthese d'oligosaccharides pour l'hemisynthese de saponines." Reims, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REIMP202.
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Nguyen, Duc Hung. "Valorisation des produits médicamenteux naturels : de l'extraction à l'encapsulation." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCJ003.
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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans la cadre de la thématique du Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie et du Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique de l’UFR Sciences de Santé, circonscription Pharmacie, au sein de l’Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, afin de trouver de nouvelles molécules naturelles bioactives à encapsuler. D’une part, nous nous sommes concentrés sur la recherche de saponines naturelles de plantes issues de la biodiversité vietnamienne et de l’horticulture française du genres Dracaena, Cordyline (Asparagaceae) et Weigela (Caprifoliaceae). Les travaux menés ont conduit à isolement de 42 saponines naturelles en utilisant différentes techniques chromatographiques. Les structures on été déterminées par des méthodes de spectrométrie de masse en source ESI et de spectroscopie RMN. Parmi les 17 composés purs obtenus des 3 espèces appartenant au genre Weigela, 9 sont des glycosides de l’acide oléanolique et de l’hédéragénine de structure nouvelle. A partir des espèces Dracaena braunii et Cordyline fruticosa “Fairchild red”, nous avons isolé et caractérisé 18 saponines stéroïdiques dont 7 nouvelles de type spirostane et 6 nouvelles de type furostane. Les activités cytotoxiques de la majorité des saponines isolées ont été évaluées sur trois lignées cellulaires : CT26 (cellules tumorales coliques murines), B16 (cellules de mélanome murin) et HepG2 (cellules d’hépatocarcinome) par le test de prolifération cellulaire MTS. Des relations structure/ activité ont ainsi été proposées.D’autre part, nous avons sélectionné une molécule naturelle bien connue afin de mettre au point les essais d’encapsulation. La curcumine possède des propriétés thérapeutiques très intéressantes mais elle présente à la fois une faible solubilité et une faible biodisponibilité, limitant l'administration par voie orale. Dans cette partie de la thèse, nous avons cherché à améliorer la stabilité et la biodisponibilité de la curcumine ainsi qu’une libération contrôlée dans le tractus gastro-intestinal. Des billes de pectinate de calcium ont été préparées en utilisant la gélification ionique en présence de différents tensioactifs. Elles ont été caractérisées grâce à leurs propriétés physico-chimiques et leurs profils de dissolution in vitro. Leur activité antioxydante a été évaluée par le test DPPH. Le Kolliphor HS15® est le tensioactif le plus prometteur pour optimiser les propriétés de la curcumineThis thesis was carried out at the Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and the Laboratory of Pharmaceutical technology, at the UFR Sciences de Santé, circonscription Pharmacy, in the University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, to find new natural molecules to encapsulate. First of all, we focused on the natural saponins from plants of the Vietnam biodiversity and the french horticulture, belonging to the three genera Dracaena, Cordyline (Asparagaceae) and Weigela (Caprifoliaceae). The work led to the successful isolation and elucidation of 42 natural saponins using various chromatographic techniques. The structures were determined by ESI mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Among the 17 pure compounds obtained from three species of the Weigela genus, 9 oleanolic acid and hederagenin glycosides are previously undescribed ones. From the two species Dracaena braunii and Cordyline fruticosa “Fairchild red”, we isolated and characterized 18 steroidal saponins including 7 new spirostane-types and 6 new furostane-types ones. The cytotoxic activities of the majority of isolated saponins were evaluated against mouse colon cancer (CT26 cells), mouse melanoma (B16 cells) and human liver cancer (HepG2 cells) by MTS assays. The structure / activity relationships were also proposed.On the other hand, we selected a well-known natural molecule to develop encaspulation tests. Among the natural products, curcumin has very interesting therapeutic properties but exhibits both a poor solubility and a low bioavailability, limiting the administration by the oral route. The purpose of this study was to improve the solubility and bioavailability of curcumin as well as simultaneously achieve controlled release in gastrointestinal tract. Pectinate gel beads were prepared based on ionotropic gelation method with the presence of vaious surfactants. After drying, these beads were investigated for physicochemical characteristics (morphological aspects, encapsulation efficiency, stability, physical state) and dissolution kinetics (in vitro release). Antioxidant activity was also determined with DPPH assay. Kolliphor HS15® seems to be the best promising surfactant to increase stability and bioavailability of curcumin
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Wina, Elizabeth. "The utilization of Sapindus rarak DC. saponins to improve ruminant production through rumen manipulation." Beuren Stuttgart Grauer, 2005. http://d-nb.info/989872629/04.
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Dijoux, Marie-Geneviève. "Saponines et flavonoides de beta vulgaris l." Reims, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REIMP206.
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Voutquenne-Nazabadioko, Laurence. "Saponines et activite hemolytique : saponines et glycosides de cinq especes de sapindaceae." Reims, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REIMP208.
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Francis, George. "Effects of low dietary levels of saponins on two common culture fish - common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus (L.))." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10316339.
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Benkhaled, Mohammed. "Determination de structures de saponines de medicago." Reims, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REIMP206.
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Schmid, Christian [Verfasser]. "Geschmacksaktive Saponine in Süßholz (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.): Strukturaufklärung, Psychophysik und Aktivierung von Süß- und Bittergeschmacksrezeptoren / Christian Schmid." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1198542969/34.
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Ludwig, Christine. "Zur Chemie und Pharmakologie der Saponine aus Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. und Schefflera venulosa (Wight et Arn.) Harms /." [S.l. : s.n.], 1985. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/010005757.pdf.
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Daydé, Dominique. "Bioproduction et bioconversion de saponines triterpéniques par des tissus de gypsophile et de saponaire cultivés in vitro." Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT009A.
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La culture in vitro de quatre especes de gypsophila nous a permis de mettre en evidence une variabilite des caracteres morphololiques des differentes souches: nous avons obtenu des souches tissulaires chlorophylliennes constituees de tiges feuillees a partir des especes g. Paniculata et g. Muralis, et de cals formas de cellules indifferenciees a partir des especes g. Paniculata, g. Petraea et g. Repens. L'etude de la teneur en saponines triterpeniques de ces differentes souches cultivees en milieu gelose a ete realisee par un dosage indirect d'une prosaponine, le gypsogenine 3,0-glucuronide (g3,0g) qui peut etre obtenu apres hydrolyse acide des saponines de racines de gypsophile. Les quatre especes de gypsophile accumulent in vitro le g3,0g a des taux variables, l'espece g. Paniculata renfermant les souches les plus productrices du souchier (0,13% ms). Le passage en milieu liquide d'une souche tissulaire de g. Paniculata a permis de produire en presence d'acetate de sodium (2##1#4 c) de grandes quantites de g3,0g (activite specifique=184,6 kbq. Mm##1). L'utilisation de concentrations croissantes de g3,0g introduit dans la suspension cellulaire de saponaria offinalis (qui ne produit pas in vitro cette saponine), nous a permis de definir la concentration maximale de g3,0g toleree par les cellules. Cette dose (5 10##2 mm) ne perturbe ni la croissance des cellules (determinee par la mesure du nombre total de cellules et par la teneur en glucose residuelle du milieu de culture), ni la viabilite cellulaire, (evaluee pour le pourcentage des cellules mortes, par la consommation des cellules en oxygene dissous dans le milieu de culture et par la capacite des cellules a reduire le chlorure de triphenyl tretazolium (ctt) en un compose rouge, le formazan). L'utilisation de g3,0g radioactif nous a montre que substrat etait rapidement glycosyle par les cellules de s. Officinalis en suspension
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Pacheco, José Carlos Guilardi. "Fotossensibilização em cordeiros recriados e suplementados em pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-25092014-090007/.
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Fotossensibilização refere-se ao aumento da resposta à radiação ultravioleta da luz solar, causada por um agente fotodinâmico na pele. A sensibilidade à fotossensibilização de 80 cordeiros mestiços desmamados e manejados em lotação rotativa, durante 120 dias, foi avaliada em pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. Os cordeiros foram suplementados a 1% do seu peso corporal com os tratamentos, a saber: A - suplemento basal com 12% PB; B - suplemento com 18% de PB; C - suplemento com 18% de PB + propionato de Zn e D - suplemento com 18% de PB + cloreto de colina protegida. Ao término do experimento os animais foram abatidos. Os objetivos foram: avaliar o efeito da adaptação dos animais suplementados às condições de manejo em Brachiaria brizantha e a toxidez da planta aos cordeiros; caracterizar as causas da fotossensibilização; viabilizar o possível controle da verminose associada ao manejo de cordeiros em lotação rotativa e à suplementação mineral e proteica, com ou sem adição de aditivos; relacionar os teores de saponina e a presença de esporos de Pithomyces chartarum em amostras da forragem à ocorrência de casos de fotossensibilização hepatógena. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos completos e casualizados, com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições, num total de 5 animais por tratamento. Realizou-se a análise da variância para as variáveis e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste t-Student ao nível de significância de 5%. Foram observadas baixas contagens de esporos de Pithomyces chartarum (0 - 15.000 esporos) na parte senescente da planta. A concentração de saponina protodioscina variou de 0,52 a 0,65%. Do 8º ao 58º dia ocorreram 20% de mortalidade dos animais. A avaliação histopatológica, do fígado dos animais que vieram a óbito, foi compatível com as lesões causadas pela saponina. Os padrões histológicos das lesões hepáticas encontradas nos animais, ao final do experimento, não diferiram entre os tratamentos, bem como para as análises bioquímicas: colesterol, triglicerídeos, bilirrubinas, proteína total, albumina, creatinina, ureia, AST, GGT. Ocorreram diferenças nas concentrações séricas de bilirrubinas, proteínas, albumina, AST, GGT, ureia, creatinina, colesterol, triglicerídeos, entre cordeiros sobreviventes e os que morreram. O método rotativo foi efetivo no controle da verminose, ficando a contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) abaixo de 500 ao final do experimento, não ocorrendo diferença entre os suplementos proteicos e entre os aditivos utilizados. Não houve efeito no desempenho dos cordeiros, que chegaram ao final do experimento, pela inclusão de suplementos proteicos e de aditivos.Photosensitization refers to increase in response to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight, caused by a photodynamic agent into the skin. The sensitivity of the photosensitization at 80 crossbred lambs weaned was evaluated on Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu managed in rotational grazing for 120 days. Lambs were supplemented to 1% of their body weight with different treatments: A - basal supplement with 12% CP; B - supplement with 18% CP; C - supplement with18% CP + zinc proprionate and D - supplement with18 % of CP + protected choline chloride. At the end of the experiment the animals were slaughtered. The objectives were to evaluate the effect of adaptation of animals supplemented to handling Brachiaria brizantha and toxicity of the plant to lambs weaned; to characterize the causes of photosensitivity, the possible control of parasitism associated with the management of sheep grazing on rotational grazing, mineral supplementation and protein with or without the addition of additives; to relate the levels of saponin and the presence of spores Pithomyces chartarum in samples of forage and the occurrence of hepatic photosensitization. The experimental design was a complete randomized block design and assigned to four treatments and four replications for a total of five animals per treatment. The analysis of variance was performed and the means test t-Student a significance level of 5% for the effect of each treatment was used. Low count of Pithomyces chartarum spores (spores 0-15,000) in the senescent part of the plant was observed. The concentration of saponin protodioscine ranged from 0.52 to 0.65 %. Occurred between the 8º and 58º day mortality of 20 % of the animals. Histopathology of the liver of animals that died during the experiment was consistent with lesions determined by saponin. The histological patterns of liver lesions found in animals at the end of the experiment did not differ between treatments, as well as, for biochemical analysis: cholesterol, triglycerides, bilirubin, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea, AST and GGT. There were differences in serum bilirubin, protein, albumin, AST, GGT, urea, creatinine, cholesterol and triglycerides between survivors and that died. The rotational grazing system was effective in the control of nematode parasites getting below 500 EPG at the end of the experiment, there was no difference between the protein concentrations, nor for the additives used. The additives zinc oxide and choline chloride did not improve the performance of sheep.
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Timite, Gaoussou. "Isolement et caractérisation des saponosides de plantes de la famille des Alliaceae, Caryophyllaceae et Polygalaceae, et évaluation de leurs activités cytotoxiques sur cellules tumorales." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOPE03/document.
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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre de la thématique du laboratoire de Pharmacognosie de l’UFR Pharmacie, au sein de l’Université de Bourgogne. Elle vise essentiellement la recherche de molécules d’origine végétale issue de la biodiversité tropicale dotées d’une activité antitumorale, dont principalement les saponines. Ce sont des glycosides triterpéniques ou stéroïdiques connus pour leurs nombreuses propriétés pharmacologiques. L’étude de 6 espèces végétales appartenant à 3 familles à savoir Acanthophyllum elatius, A. lilacinum, A. sordidum et Arenaria montana (Caryophyllaceae), Securidaca welwitschii (Polygalaceae) et Allium schoenoprasum (Alliaceae) a conduit à l’isolement et à la caractérisation de 24 glycosides naturels. Il s’agit de 13 saponines triterpéniques parmi lesquelles 10 sont de structure nouvelle ainsi que 11 saponines stéroïdiques dont 7 nouvelles. Les structures ont été élucidées principalement par l’utilisation de la RMN 2D ainsi que la spectrométrie de masse. 10 des 24 molécules isolées ont été testées en vue d’évaluer leurs activités cytotoxiques sur deux lignées cellulaires cancéreuses coliques (HT-29 et HCT 116). Nos résultats montrent que 9 d’entre elles possèdent une activité cytotoxique significative. Des relations structure/activité ont été ainsi proposéesThis thesis was realized in the laboratory of Pharmacognosy, in the Pharmacy section of the Bourgogne University. The main theme of this laboratory is the research of natural saponins from the tropical biodiversity, with antitumoral activities. These molecules are triterpenic or steroidic glycosides, well known for their various pharmacological activities. The study of 6 species belonging to 3 different families : Acanthophyllum elatius, A. lilacinum, A. sordidum and Arenaria montana (Caryophyllaceae), Securidaca welwitschii (Polygalaceae) and Allium schoenoprasum (Alliaceae), led to the isolation and characterization of 24 natural glycosides. Among them, 13 were triterpenic saponins with 10 new structures and 11 were steroidic saponins with 7 new structures. The spectral analysis was achieved using mainly 2D NMR and mass spectrometry. The cytotoxic activities of 10 isolated compounds were evaluated on 2 strains of human colon cancer cells (HT-29 et HCT 116) and 9 were active ones. Structure/activity relationships were also proposed
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Gebretsadik, Fiseha Bogale. "Synthesis of Acid Mesoporous Saponites and its Application in Catalytic Glycidol Hydrogenolysis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401749.
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La reacció de hidrogenòlisis per l'obtenció de 1,3-propandiol (1,3-PD) a partir de glicerol requereix l'ús de cars metalls nobles y elevades condicions de reacció, tot i això, no s'ha d'oblidar el baix rendiment en 1,3-PD resultant. Glycidol, que pot ser obtingut per reacció directa de glicerol, va ser proposat com una alternativa per la síntesis de 1,3-PD emprant Ni i Cu com a catalitzadors. Per tant, l'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesis va ser la síntesi de saponites mesoporoses acides mitjançant matrius (sals d'amoni quaternàries o polímers) i microones, per finalment avaluar la seva activitat a la hidrogenòlisis de glycidol per l'obtenció de 1,3-PD i 1,2-PD. Les saponites mesoporoses amb la major àrea superficial (600 m2/g) i la major acidesa (0.89 mEq CHA/ g) van ser obtingudes portant a terme la síntesi en medi bàsic (pH 13), emprant surfactants i microones. Aquesta y altres saponites sintetitzades van ser utilitzades com suports en la preparació de catalitzadors de Ni, els quals van ser provats en la hidrogenòlisis de glicidol a diversos temps i temperatures de reacció. Respecte als catalitzadors de Ni suportats, el millor rendiment a 1,3-PD va ser obtingut amb catalitzadors suportats en saponites acides, amb un 40 % en pes de Ni a 453 K durant 1h. L'efecte de diversos modificadors (W, Mo, V i Re) va ser testat en la reacció catalítica, on el millor valor de rendiment en 1,3-PD (46 %) per una relació 1,3-PD/1,2-PD de 1,24 va ser obtingut emprant catalitzadors de Ni modificats amb Re a 393 K després de 4h. La presència de Cu en el catalitzador de Ni ( catalitzadors bimetàl·lics de Ni-Cu) també va tenir un efecte beneficiós en la formació selectiva de 1,3-PD.La reacción de hidrogenólisis para obtener 1,3-propandiol (1,3-PD) a partir de glicerol requiere el uso de costosos metales nobles y elevadas condiciones de reacción. Aún así, no se debe olvidar el bajo rendimiento obtenido en 1,3-PD bajo estas condiciones. Glycidol, el cual puede ser obtenido por reacción directa de glicerol, fue propuesto como una alternativa para la síntesis de 1,3-PD utilizando Ni y Cu como catalizadores. Por lo tanto, el objetivo principal de esta tesis fue la síntesis de saponitas mesoporosas ácidas mediante moldes (sales de amonio cuaternarias o polímeros) y microondas, para finalmente evaluar su actividad en la hidrogenólisis de glicidol para obtener 1,3-PD y 1,2-PD. Saponitas mesoporosas con la mayor área superficial (600 m2/g) y la mayor acidez superficial (0.89 mEq CHA/ g) fueron obtenidas llevando a cabo la síntesis en medio básico (pH 13), usando surfactantes y microondas. Esta y otras saponitas sintetizadas fueron utilizadas como soportes en la preparación de catalizadores de Ni, los cuales fueron testados en la hidrogenólisis de glycidol a diferentes tiempos y temperaturas de reacción. Respecto los catalizadores de Ni soportados, el mejor rendimiento hacia 1,3-PD fue obtenido con catalizadores soportados en saponitas ácidas, con un 40 % en peso de Ni y a 453 K durante 1h. El efecto de varios modificadores (W, Mo, V y Re) fue testado en la reacción catalítica, donde el mejor valor de rendimiento hacia 1,3-PD (46%) con un ratio 1,3-PD/1,2-PD de 1,24 fue obtenido utilizando catalizadores de Ni modificados con Re a 393 K después de 4 h. La presencia de Cu en el catalizador de Ni (catalizadores bimetálicos de Ni-Cu) también tubo beneficios en la formación selectiva de 1,3-PD.
The direct hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) requires expensive noble metal catalysts, harsh reaction conditions and even then, the yield to 1,3-PD is moderate to low. Glycidol molecule which could be obtained from glycerol was proposed as an alternative substrate for the synthesis of 1,3-PD using cheap transition metal Ni and Cu catalysts. Hence, the main objective of the thesis was to prepare mesoporous acid saponite using template and microwaves and evaluate its activity in the hydrogenolysis of glycidol to 1,3-PD and 1,2-PD. The highest surface area (600 m2/g) mesoporous saponite with high surface acidity (0.89 mEq. CHA/ g) was obtained when the synthesis was carried at pH 13, using surfactant and in microwaves. This and other saponites were used in the preparation of supported Ni catalysts and their activity was tested at different reaction temperature and time. Among the supported Ni catalysts, the best 1,3-PD yield was obtained using Ni catalyst supported at 40 wt % on the mesoporous saponite and when the reaction carried out at 453 K for 1h . The effect of various modifiers (W, Mo, V and Re) on this catalyst was tested and the best result was obtained in case of Re modified Ni catalysts which afforded 1,3-PD at 46% yield with 1,3-PD/1,2-PD ratio of 1,24 at 393 K and after 4 h. The presence of small amount of Cu in Ni-Cu bimetallic catalysts was also found beneficial for the selective formation of 1,3-PD.
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Alberice, Juliana Vieira. "Inativação de Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris por saponinas e detecção por reação em cadeia da polimerase por transcrição reversa (RT-PCR)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75132/tde-13112009-081713/.
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Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris são bactérias termoacidófilas esporofórmicas não patogênicas e estão comumente presentes em sucos de frutas ácidas, podendo deteriorá-los. Tendo em vista a importância da atividade agrícola e seus derivados no país, como suco de laranja industrializado, o interesse no desenvolvimento de técnicas bioanalíticas que propiciem uma detecção rápida, sensível e confiável, bem como alternativas para inativação desse microrganismo, é elevado. Neste trabalho foi testado o uso de saponina como agente inibidor de esporos e células vegetativas de A. acidoterrestris, em sucos de laranja concentrado e reconstituído. Entretanto, à temperatura ambiente a inibição é lenta, especialmente para esporos (cerca de 10 dias para inibição total), inviabilizando o seu uso na indústria de cítricos. A combinação de tratamento térmico e saponinas potencializaram a inibição da bactéria, o que torna possível sua aplicação industrial. A potencialização com temperatura alcançou 20% para esporos em suco concentrado, 28,5% para esporos em suco reconstituído e 45,1% para células vegetativas em sucos reconstituídos. A detecção da viabilidade celular foi realizada pela reação em cadeia da polimerase por transcrição reversa (RT-PCR), que se mostrou uma técnica rápida, sensível, e quantitativamente equivalente ao método padrão de detecção, o plaqueamento de culturas, sendo o coeficiente de correlação (r) entre as técnicas de 0,9977 para esporos e 0,9987 para células vegetativas. A quantificação dos produtos da RT-PCR foi realizada por eletroforese capilar em microchip com o equipamento Bioanalyzer 2100. O equipamento forneceu resultados confiáveis e reprodutíveis para diagnóstico de DNA transcrito de A. acidoterrestris. Além da alta sensibilidade, o equipamento permitiu um mínimo consumo de amostra (1 μL), praticidade e rapidez.Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris are termoacidophilic sporeforming nonpathogenic bacteria who are commonly present in acidic fruit juices and can deteriorate them. In view of the importance of agricultural activities in the country and its derivatives, such as industrialized orange juice the interest in the development of bioanalitycal techniques that provide early, sensitive, and reliable detection, as well as alternatives to inactivate the microorganism is elevated. This study tested the use of saponins as an inhibitor of spores and vegetative cells of A. acidoterrestris in both concentrate and reconstituted orange juices. At room temperature, however, the inhibition is slow, especially for spores (about 10 days for a total inhibition), preventing its use in the citrus industry. The combination of heat treatment and saponins potentiated the inhibition of bacteria, which makes possible their industrial application. Optimizing the temperature reached 20% for spores in juice concentrate, 28.5% for spores in reconstituted juice and 45.1% for vegetative cells in reconstituted juices. Detection of cell viability was performed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which showed to be a fast, sensitive, and quantitative equivalent to the traditional plating technique, and the correlation coefficient (r) between the techniques were 0.9977 and 0.9987 for spores and vegetative cells, respectively. The quantification of the products of RT-PCR was performed by capillary electrophoresis on microchip with Bioanalyzer 2100 equipment. The equipment provided reliable and reproducible results for the diagnosis of DNA transcript of A. acidoterrestris. Besides of high sensitivity, the equipment allowed minimal consumption of sample (1 μL) and provided convenience and speed of analysis.
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MIRANDA, Ileana Costa. "Avalia??o lectino-histoqu?mica de f?gado e linfonodo mesent?rico de b?falos mantidos em pastagens de Brachiaria spp." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1349.
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CAPES
Animals grazing Brachiaria spp commonly present foamy macrophages isolated or grouped in the liver, and crystals within biliary ducts. The pathogenesis of formation and the nature of the material stored on these cells, however, are not completely known. Through lectin histochemistry evaluation, steroidal saponins (secondary glycosylated metabolites) have been identified in the crystals and within the cytoplasm of the foam cells, which are probably liable for damage the liver leading to accumulation of phylloerythrin. This study aims to standardize the use of lectin histochemistry to detect glycosylated metabolites in tissues of buffaloes kept in different Brachiaria spp pastures in Brazil. Fragments of liver and mesenteric lymph node from 40 animals were analyzed: 10 buffaloes that were kept in predominant pasture of B. decumbens for 12 months; 10 buffaloes that were kept in pasture with a predominance of B. brizantha for 18 months; 10 buffaloes that were kept in pasture of B. brizantha for approximately four years; and, as a negative control, 10 buffaloes that were maintained in native pasture without Brachiaria spp since birth. Fourteen lectins were tested (Con-A, SBA, WGA, DBA, UEA, RCA, PNA, GSL-I, PSA, LCA, PHA-E, PHA-L, SJA and SWGA), in a total of 1120 evaluated fragments. Previous studies demonstrated that PNA showed great binding reactivity for foamy macrophages in bovine and ovine. In the present study, SWGA presented high specificity and marked binding reactivity for foamy macrophages; WGA, GSL, PHA-E and PHA-L showed moderate to marked reactivity but low specificity for foamy macrophages; the other lectins didn't show significant reactivity or specificity. It remains unclear why there is this difference in lectins binding reactivity to foamy macrophages; it is suggested that divergences may occur depending on the species of Brachiaria ingested, the plant growth stage, the type and proportion of saponins stored in the plant due to seasonality, the differences in the metabolism of animal species, the presence of photosensitivity, the clinical course of the disease and the plant intake time. Moreover, there was no significant reactivity difference between the collected fragments of animals that grazed in B. decumbens for 12 months and B. brizantha for 18 months. However, the decreased presence of foamy macrophages and its lectin histochemical binding in animals that fed on B. brizantha for a longer time indicates that the animals can pass through an adaptation process according to the the plant intake time. Lectin histochemistry analysis can be used to characterize the material stored in foamy macrophages present in liver and mesenteric lymph node of buffaloes that graze in Brachiaria spp pastures and helps to clarify the pathogenesis of these cells.
Animais que se alimentam em pastos de Brachiaria spp comumente apresentam macr?fagos espumosos isolados ou agrupados no f?gado, al?m de cristais no interior de ductos biliares. A patog?nese da forma??o e a natureza do material armazenado nestas c?lulas, contudo, ainda n?o s?o completamente conhecidas. Atrav?s da avalia??o lectino-histoqu?mica, saponinas esteroidais (metab?litos glicosilados secund?rios) t?m sido identificadas nos cristais e no citoplasma das c?lulas espumosas, que provavelmente s?o respons?veis por danificar o f?gado e levar ao ac?mulo de filoeritrina. Por meio deste trabalho, objetivou-se padronizar e caracterizar a utiliza??o da lectino-histoqu?mica na detec??o de metab?litos glicosilados nos tecidos de b?falos mantidos em diferentes pastos de Brachiaria spp no Brasil. Fragmentos de f?gado e linfonodo mesent?rico de 40 animais foram analisados: 10 b?falos mantidos em pastagem predominante de B. decumbens por aproximadamente 12 meses; 10 b?falos mantidos em pastagem predominante de B. brizantha por aproximadamente 18 meses; 10 b?falos mantidos em pastagem de B. brizantha por aproximadamente quatro anos; e, como controle negativo, 10 b?falos mantidos em pastagem livre de Brachiaria spp desde o nascimento. Quatorze lectinas foram testadas (Con-A, SBA, WGA, DBA, UEA, RCA, PNA, GSL-I, PSA, LCA, PHA-E, PHA-L, SJA e SWGA), em um total de 1120 fragmentos avaliados. Estudos anteriores demonstraram que a lectina PNA possui marcada reatividade para macr?fagos espumosos de bovinos e ovinos. No presente estudo, a lectina SWGA apresentou acentuada reatividade e alta especificidade para macr?fagos espumosos; WGA, GSL, PHA-E e PHA-L mostraram moderada a acentuada reatividade, mas baixa especificidade aos macr?fagos espumosos; as outras lectinas n?o apresentaram reatividade ou especificidade significativas. Ainda n?o se sabe exatamente a que atribuir a diferen?a de reatividade aos macr?fagos espumosos. Sugere-se que diverg?ncias ocorram em fun??o da esp?cie de Brachiaria ingerida, da fase de crescimento da planta, do tipo e propor??o dos glicoconjugados armazenados na planta em decorr?ncia da ?poca do ano, das diferen?as no metabolismo da esp?cie do animal em quest?o, da presen?a de fotossensibiliza??o, da evolu??o cl?nica da doen?a e do tempo de ingest?o da planta. N?o houve diferen?a de marca??o significativa entre os fragmentos coletados de animais que se alimentaram de B. decumbens por 12 meses e B. brizantha por 18 meses. Por?m, a diminui??o da presen?a e marca??o lectino-histoqu?mica dos macr?fagos espumosos nos tecidos dos b?falos que ingeriram B. brizantha durante mais tempo indica que os animais podem passar por um processo de adapta??o de acordo com o tempo de ingest?o da planta. A avalia??o lectino-histoqu?mica pode ser utilizada para caracterizar o material armazenado em macr?fagos espumosos presentes no f?gado e linfonodo mesent?rico de b?falos que se alimentam em pastagens de Brachiaria spp e ajuda na compreens?o da patog?nese de forma??o destas c?lulas.
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Zebiri, Ilhem. "Etude phytochimique et biologique de cinq espèces de la flore péruvienne. Evaluation de leurs propriétés antileishmanienne et cytotoxique." Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMS043/document.
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Ce travail présente l’étude phytochimique de cinq plantes péruviennes, Myrsine latifolia, M. congesta et M. sessiliflora (Primulaceae ex Myrsinaceae), Poraqueiba sericea (Icacinaceae) et Dendrobangia boliviana (Cardiopteridaceae ex Icacinaceae). L’étude des trois Myrsine nous a permis d’isoler onze composés déjà connus dans la littérature qui ont été testés pour leurs activités antileishmanienne (criblage sur Leishmania infantum promastigotes en luminescence) et cytotoxique (test in vitro sur des fibroblastes). Les résultats étaient négatifs pour les deux activités. A partir des tiges de Poraqueiba sericea nous avons pu isoler onze composés dont six triterpènes et trois saponines monodesmosides décrits pour la première fois dans cette famille de plante et deux sécoiridoïdes. Différentes activités biologiques ont été évaluées pour ces molécules : activités leishmanicide, cytotoxique et anti-élastase. Seuls les derniers tests ont révélés des activités pour deux tripterpénoïdes et pour le secologanoside. A partir de Dendrobangia boliviana quatorze saponines ont pu être isolées dont douze sont de nouveaux glycosides des acides serjanique ou phytolaccinique. L’analyse en LC-RMN a permis d’identifier cinq autres saponines de structures nouvelles. Ces composés ont été testés pour leurs activités biologiques et n’ont démontré aucune activité hémolytique et trois d’entre eux ont révélé une cytoxicité sur les fibroblastes. Les tests antileishmaniens n’ont révélé aucune activité. En bioautographie (HPTLC) ces saponines présentent un potentiel intéressant pour différentes activités biologiques (tyrosinase, α et β-glucosidases et acétylcholinestérase)This work presents the phytochemical study of five Peruvian plants, Myrsine latifolia, M. congesta and M. sessiliflora (Primulaceae ex Myrsinaceae), Poraqueiba sericea (Icacinaceae) and Dendrobangia boliviana (Cardiopteridaceae ex Icacinaceae). The study of the three Myrsine enabled us to isolate eleven compounds already known in the literature which were tested for their antileishmanial (screening of Leishmania promastigotes luminescence) and cytotoxic activities (in vitro test on fibroblasts). The results were negative for both activities. From the stems of Poraqueiba sericea we were able to isolate eleven compounds including six triterpenes, three monodesmosides saponins described for the first time in this plant family and two secoiridoides. Various biological activities have been evaluated for these molecules: leishmanicidal, cytotoxic and anti-elastase activities. Only the last testing has suggested activities for two tripterpénoïdes and the secologanoside. From Dendrobangia boliviana fourteen saponins have been isolated including twelve novel glycosides of the serjanique or phytolaccinique acids. The analysis by LC-NMR allowed us to identify five other saponins with new structures. These compounds were tested for their biological activities and showed no hemolytic activity and three of them showed a cytotoxicity on fibroblasts. The antileishmanial test showed no activity. In bioautography (HPTLC) these saponins showed an interesting potential for different biological activities (tyrosinase, α and β-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase)
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Kamikawachi, Renan Canute. "Estudo fitoquímico e potencial biológico de cactos da Mata Atlântica do gênero Rhipsalis Gärtner (Cactaceae) /." Araraquara, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181066.
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Orientador: Wagner VilegasResumo: Apesar dos diversos relatos do uso de Rhipsalis Gaërtn (Cactaceae) por populações tradicionais no tratamento de uma gama de enfermidades, há pouquíssimos estudos fitoquímicos com esse grupo de cactos e por vezes estes são superficiais, apenas indicando a possível presença de algumas classes de produtos naturais. Ademais, estudos avaliando a atividade biológica de Rhipsalis são escassos. Neste viés, este trabalho objetivou investigar a composição química do gênero Rhipsalis e avaliar possíveis atividades ligadas à sua composição, subsidiando desta forma seu uso popular. Esta dissertação foi dividida e organizada da seguinte forma: a primeira parte apresenta uma introdução geral sobre plantas medicinais e sua importância, assim como uma revisão sobre estudos fitoquímicos em Cactaceae. Em seguida, foram redigidas três seções: na primeira, investigamos a composição química de Rhipsalis teres (Vell.) Steud identificando 5 saponinas derivadas do ácido oleanólico, 2 flavonoides C-glicosilados derivados da apigenina e 2 ácidos fenólicos; na segunda, investigamos a composição química do gênero Rhipsalis identificando 28 saponinas cujo core é o ácido oleanólico e 8 flavonoides, também sugerimos fingerprints para cada espécie avaliada com base nas substâncias majoritárias, os resultados quantitativos obtidos por UPLC-MS foram eficientes na identificação das espécies com base na filogenia; na terceira, avaliamos as atividades antioxidante, antifúngica e anti-inflamatória de espécies de R... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Despite the several reports of the use of Rhipsalis Gaërtn (Cactaceae) by traditional populations in the treatment of a range of diseases, there are very few phytochemical studies with this group and sometimes these are superficial, only indicating the possible presence of some classes of natural products. In addition, there are very few studies evaluating the biological activity of Rhipsalis. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the chemical composition of the genus Rhipsalis and to evaluate possible activities related to its composition, thus subsidizing its popular use. This dissertation was divided and organized as follows: the first part presents a general introduction on medicinal plants and their importance as well as a review on phytochemical studies in Cactaceae. Then, three sections were written: in the first one, we investigated the chemical composition of Rhipsalis teres, identifying 5 saponins derived from oleanolic acid, 2 C-glycosilated flavonoids derived from apigenin and 2 phenolic acids; in the second section, we investigate the chemical composition of the genus Rhipsalis identifying 28 saponins whose core is oleanolic acid and 8 flavonoids, we also suggested fingerprints for each species evaluated on the basis of the majority compounds, the quantitative results obtained by UPLC-MS were efficient in the identification of the species based on the phylogeny; in the third, we evaluated the antioxidant, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities of Rhipsal... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Costa, Patricia Miranda da. "Triterpenos, saponinas e flavono?des de L. arianeae (Chrysobalanaceae) e Eschweilera longipes (Lecythidaceae)." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2003. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1561.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
Solvent partition and chromatographic fractionation of metanolic extract from the leaves and wood of L. arianeae lead to the isolation of triterpenes, one carboidrate, saponin and flavonoid. 3b,6b,19a -trihydroxiursa-12-en- 28-oic acid, 3b,6b,24-trihydroxiursa-12-en- 28-oic acid, 3,5,7-trihydroxi-4?-metoxi,6-flavone-( sulfonate), 3b-hydroxiolean-12-en-28- ?ico acid, 3b-O-b-D-galactopiranosyl-(6?-1 para hydroxi benzoil)-ursa-12-en-28-oic acid, 1-metyl glycopiranosyl and mixture of two flavonoids. The 3,5,7-trihydroxi-4?-metoxi,6- flavone-(sulfonate) and 3b-O-b-D-galactopiranosyl-(6?-1 para hydroxi benzoil)-ursa-12-en- 28-oic acid are being descricted for the first time in the literature. The IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS spectra analysis was used for structural determination.
O fracionamento dos extratos das folhas e madeira de L. arianeae atrav?s de processo de parti??o com solventes e t?cnicas cromatogr?ficas conduziu ao isolamento dos ?cidos 3b,6b, 19a -triidroxiursan-12-eno-28-?ico, 3b,6b,24,19a-tetraidroxiursan-12-eno-28-?ico, 3b-hidroxiolean-12-eno-28-?ico, da 3,5,7-triidroxi, 4?-metoxi, 6-sulfonato, flavona, da 3b- O-b-D-galactopiranosil-(6?-p-hidroxi-benzo?la)-ursan-12-eno-28-?ico, da 1-metil glicose, e da mistura de flavon?ides. As estruturas das subst?ncias foram deduzidas atrav?s da an?lise dos espectros de IV, RMN de 1H e 13C, incluindo experimentos 2D e espectro de massas das subst?ncias naturais e dos derivados. Este ? o primeiro registro destes constituintes no g?nero Licania. A flavona e saponina est?o sendo descritos pela primeira vez na literatura. As folhas e as cascas da esp?cie E. longipes foram submetidas a extra??o com solventes org?nicos e os extratos foram fracionados atrav?s de parti??o e t?cnicas cromatogr?ficas. As fra??es reunidas foram submetidas a t?cnicas cromatogr?ficas e cristaliza??o. Esses processamentos conduziram ao isolamento dos ?cidos 1a,2b,3a,19a -tetraidroxiursan-12- eno-28-?ico, da saponina 3b-O-b-D-glicopiranosil-sitosterol e dos triterpenos fridelinol e 3b,24-diidroxifridelano. As estruturas das subst?ncias foram deduzidas atrav?s das t?cnicas citadas acima. Este ? o primeiro registro desta saponina no g?nero Eschweilera. O triterpeno 3b,24-diidroxifridelano foi descrito pela primeira vez na literatura (COSTA, P.M. & Carvalho, M. G., Annais da Academia Brasileira de Ci?ncias, 2003).
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Costa, Fernanda de. "Saponinas triterpênicas:biossíntese e atividade biológica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/106409.
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Saponinas triterpênicas incluem uma ampla variedade de moléculas com diversas aplicações farmacológicas. As saponinas das folhas de Quillaja brasiliensis, espécie nativa do Sul do Brasil, são estrutural e funcionalmente semelhantes às encontradas nas cascas da espécie chilena Quillaja saponaria, as quais são utilizadas atualmente como adjuvantes em formulações comerciais de vacinas. O perfil de acúmulo da fração imunoadjuvante de saponinas triterpênicas de Q. brasiliensis (QB-90) foi avaliado em resposta a diferentes fatores de estresse. O conteúdo de QB-90 em discos foliares aumentou significativamente com a aplicação de diferentes agentes de estresse osmótico. Também pôde ser observado aumento nos teores de saponinas pela exposição de discos foliares a ácido salicílico, ácido jasmônico, ultrassom e luz ultravioleta C. Experimentos com plântulas indicaram um aumento significativo nos teores de QB-90 com o aumento moderado de irradiância luminosa e pela aplicação de dano mecânico nas folhas. Os resultados obtidos apoiam o papel de defesa induzida que estes metabólitos apresentam in planta. Com o objetivo de avançar os estudos de atividade adjuvante de Q. brasiliensis e ampliar a extensão de antígenos testados, uma vacina contra poliovírus foi avaliada em camundongos. Resultados demonstraram que as formulações de vacinas contendo saponinas da espécie brasileira aumentaram níveis de anticorpos específicos IgG, IgG1 e IgG2a, sugerindo um estímulo de ambos tipos de resposta imune (Th1 e Th2). A resposta celular foi confirmada por ensaios de DTH e pela avaliação dos níveis de mRNA das citocinas IL-2 e IFN- em esplenócitos murinos. A resposta imune de mucosas foi demonstrada pelos aumentos nos níveis de IgA em bile, fezes e lavados vaginais. O segundo objeto de estudo desta Tese é a espécie Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, que também apresenta saponinas triterpênicas bioativas em suas partes aéreas. Uma enzima responsável pela glicosilação de ácido asiático e ácido madecássico foi parcialmente purificada. Usando técnicas de proteômica e dados de sequências de cDNA, a sequência completa do clone que codifica uma glicosiltransferase foi obtida. O produto gênico recombinante, UGT73AD1, foi funcionalmente expresso em Escherichia coli, purificado por cromatografia de afinidade por metal imobilizado e funcionalmente caracterizado. UGT73AD1 foi identificada como sendo uma glicosiltransferase triterpênica de ácidos carboxílicos, provavelmente envolvida na biossíntese de monodesmosídeos da espécie.Triterpene saponins include a large variety of molecules that find several applications in pharmacology. The saponins from leaves of Quillaja brasiliensis, a native species from Southern Brazil, show structural and functional similarities to those of Quillaja saponaria barks, which are currently used as adjuvants in vaccine formulations. The accumulation patterns of an immunoadjuvant fraction of leaf triterpene saponins (QB-90) in response to stress factors were examined. The content of QB-90 in leaf disks was significantly increased by application of different osmotic stress agents. Higher yields of bioactive saponins were also observed upon exposure to salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, ultrasound and UV-C light. Experiments with shoots indicated a significant increase in QB-90 yields with moderate increases in white light irradiance and by mechanical damage applied to leaves. These results support a general induced defense role for these metabolites in planta. Aiming at advancing the studies of Q. brasiliensis adjuvant activity and amplifying the range of antigens tested, an inactivated virus-based vaccine against poliovirus was evaluated in mice. Results demonstrated that saponin formulations were able to enhance poliovirus- specific total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a, suggesting stimulation of both Th1 and Th2 immune responses. Cellular response stimulation was confirmed by DTH assays and by evaluating the enhancement of IL-2 and IFN-γ cytokine mRNA expression in mice splenocytes. Mucosal immune responses demonstrated that the QB-90-adjuvanted vaccine enhanced IgA titers in bile, feces and vaginal washings. Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, a species accumulating triterpene bioactive saponins in its shoots, was also subject of study in this Thesis. An enzyme capable of glucosylating asiatic and madecassic acids was partially purified. Using proteomic methods and cDNA sequence data, a full-length cDNA clone encoding the glucosyltransferase was obtained. The recombinant gene product, UGT73AD1, was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli, purified by immobilized metal-affinity chromatography and functionally characterized. UGT73AD1 was identified as a triterpene carboxylic acid glucosyltransferase, likely involved in monodesmoside biosynthesis in C. asiatica.
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Pensec, Flora. "Les triterpénoïdes chez la vigne : quantifications, voies de biosynthèse et intérêt pour la lutte contre des bioagresseurs." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MULH8854/document.
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La vigne (Vitis vinifera) est sensible à un grand nombre de maladies. Les politiques de limitation des traitements phytosanitaires font qu'aujourd'hui, les viticulteurs ne disposent d'aucun moyen de lutte contre certains bioagresseurs. C'est le cas des maladies du bois causées par des complexes fongiques nécrosant les ceps et du court noué, maladie virale transmise par des nématodes. La vigne est une espèce végétale connue pour sa production particulière de métabolites secondaires en réponse à des infections. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés aux phytoanticipines, préformées dans les plantes et dont le potentiel de toxicité envers des agents pathogènes est intéressant, c’est le cas des triterpénoïdes. Les objectifs de cette thèse ont donc été dans un premier temps d'estimer la capacité de la vigne à produire de tels composés. Pour cela, la composition en triterpénoïdes de différents organes et de différents cépages a été analysée. Nous avons pu montrer que la composition générale en triterpénoïdes est caractéristique de chaque cépage et de chaque organe. Dans une deuxième partie, 9 gènes impliqués dans la synthèse de triterpènes chez la vigne ont été identifiés et leur expression a été évaluée dans différents organes, chez différents cépages et sous différentes conditions de stress biotique et abiotique. Cette étude exploratoire nous donne des pistes pour mettre en corrélation l'expression de certaines triterpène synthases avec la production différentielle de certains triterpènes à la surface des feuilles de différents cépages. Enfin, nous nous sommes intéressés aux triterpènes glycosylés, les saponines, afin d'évaluer leur potentiel dans la lutte contre certaines maladies majeures de la vigne pour lesquelles aucun traitement n'est actuellement disponible. Pour cela, l'efficacité de saponines issues de la gypsophile et du quillaja a été testée contre certains champignons associés aux maladies du bois ainsi que contre les nématodes vecteurs des virus du court noué. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence que les souches de champignons testées étaient capables de contourner la toxicité des saponines, tandis qu'un tel traitement était rapidement efficace pour lutter contre les nématodes. Afin de vérifier l'innocuité de ce traitement pour l'environnement, les doses efficaces ont été testées et n'ont pas eu d'impact significatif sur différents bioindicateursVitis vinifera is susceptible to many pathogens. These past few years, treatment policies led to the withdrawal of many pesticides. Renee, no chemical treatments are available to treat some grapevine diseases such as the grapevine trunk diseases caused by fungi complexes and the grapevine fanleaf degeneration, a viral disease transmitted from grapevine to grapevine by vector nematodes. Grapevine is known for the production of secondary metabolites as a response to pathogen infections. In this work, we focused on phytoanticipins such as triterpenoids, that are found as preformed compounds and that confer a basal resistance level to plants. First, a chemical analysis was made on the triterpenoid composition of some grapevine cultivars and organs. This study revealed that the triterpenoid composition is specific to the V. vinifera cultivar and the organ. In a genomic approach, 9 candidate genes involved in the triterpene biosynthesis were identified and their expression was studied in different organs, varieties and biotic or abiotic stress conditions. This explorative study shows correlations between gene expression and differential triterpene production at the leaf surface of the different varieties. In the last part of this study, the use of glycosylated triterpenes, also called saponins, as a substitution solution to withdrawed treattnents against major grapevine diseases was tested. Therefore, the efficiency of saponins extracted from gypsophila and quillaja was tested against fungi associated to grapevine trunk diseases and some nematodes vector of the grapevine fanleaf degeneration. These tests evidenced that the fungi were able to avoid saponins toxicity, whereas such treatment was efficient to kill nematodes. In order to evaluate the effect of the treatment on the environment, the efficient doses were tested and bad no significant impact on some bioindicators
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Ireland, P. A. "Analysis of food saponins." Thesis, University of Reading, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380851.
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Carmo, Thiago de Jesus do. "Características da carne de bovinos da raça nelore alimentados com feno de braquiária e submetidos a diferentes antioxidantes." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6399.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The pastures in the Brazilian Midwest are mostly formed by grasses of the genus Brachiaria. It is difficult to improve these pastures due to the large quantity of saponins found in these grasslands, causing poisoning in animals leading to a low level of production or even death. Antioxidants optimize animal production and decrease the effects of saponins on the animal, but also, improves meat appearance and increases its shelf life. To evaluate the effects of supplementation with different antioxidants on performance, oxidative stress, as well as quantitative and qualitative aspects of the carcass in feedlot cattle, an experiment was conducted with 40 Nelore cattle fed Brachiaria hay and subjected to five treatments (control and groups with antioxidants: zinc, selenium, vitamin E and selenium + vitamin E). There were eight animals per group, each animal considered a replication. Tissue composition as well as carcass proximate composition, color, tenderness, pH and fatty acid profile were evaluated. In the present experimental conditions, supplementation of cattle fed Brachiaria brizantha hay and supplemented with antioxidants, did not lead to difference for carcass traits and meat quality. However, supplementation with vitamin E reduced Omega 3 levels in this study.
As pastagens na região Centro-Oeste são em sua grande maioria formadas por gramíneas do gênero braquiária. O sistema de produção a pasto tem grandes dificuldades de melhorias, o qual apresenta um problema a ser enfrentado, que é a quantidade elevada de saponinas presentes na pastagem, as quais causam intoxicações nos animais levando-os a um baixo nível de produção ou até a sua morte. Os antioxidantes otimizam a produção animal e diminuem os efeitos das saponinas no animal, como também melhora o aspecto da carne e aumenta sua vida útil. Para avaliar os efeitos da suplementação com diferentes antioxidantes sobre o desempenho, estresse oxidativo e aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos de carcaça e da carne de bovinos confinados, foi realizado um experimento com 40 bovinos Nelore, alimentados com feno de braquiária e submetidos a cinco tratamentos (grupos controle e grupos suplementados com antioxidantes: zinco, selênio, vitamina E e selênio + vitamina E), sendo oito animais por grupo, cada animal uma repetição. Para tanto, avaliou-se na carcaça a composição tecidual e na carne a composição centesimal, cor, maciez, pH e perfil de ácidos graxos. Nas condições do presente experimento a suplementação de bovinos alimentados com feno de Brachiaria brizantha e suplementados com os antioxidantes acima citados não promoveu diferença para as características da carcaça e da carne. Porém, observa-se que a suplementação com vitamina E reduziu os valores de Omega 3.
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Guterres, Sheila Barreto. "\"Estudo dos extratos dos frutos de Sapindus saponaria enriquecidos em saponinas e outros glicosídeos e sua aplicação em eletroforese capilar\"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75132/tde-25042007-171916/.
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Os frutos de S. saponaria, espécie bastante abundante em São Carlos e outras regiões do Brasil são ricos em glicosídeos anfifílicos, ou seja, compostos por uma parte polar e outra apolar. Devido a esta peculiaridade tendem a formar espuma mostrando propriedades químicas semelhantes às dos tensoativos. Alguns destes glicosídeos pertencem à classe das saponinas e são constituídos por uma aglicona de estrutura carbônica a qual está ligada a uma ou duas cadeias de açúcar. O interesse pelas propriedades tensoativas deste glicosídeos motivou o estudo destas substâncias para uso em eletroforese capilar. Os frutos foram extraídos com metanol e fracionados em coluna cromatográfica preparativa utilizando sephadex LH-20 como fase estacionária. Após a eluição, as frações foram analisadas por espectrometria de massas e estudadas por eletroforese capilar. A eletroforese capilar de zona mostrou-se uma técnica viável para o estudo das frações obtidas. Embora um grau de pureza elevado não tenha sido alcançado, a fração B foi utilizada como aditivo para tampão em cromatografia eletrocinética micelar (MEKC) e uma interação diferenciada foi observada do nitrobenzeno com o tampão aditivado em relação ao tampão com SDS puro.Sapindus saponaria is a very abundant species in São Carlos and others regions of Brazil. Fruits of S. saponaria have a high content of glycosides which possess well-defined regions of hydrophobic and hydrophilic feature denominated amphiphilic molecule. Thus, this can form a foam showing chemical proprieties equals to surfactants. Some glycosides belong to class of saponins and are composed of carbonic structure designates aglycone, which is linked in one or two sugar chains. The purpose of the present study was the use of glycosides due to their surfactants properties in further applications of capillary electrophoresis. The extraction of crude fruits was carried out with methanol and this extract was fractionated in Sephadex LH-20. The fractions were analyzed for mass spectrometry and studied in capillary electrophoresis (CE). This is a feasible technique for the study of fractions obtained. Although a high degree of purity was not reached, the fraction B were used as additive for the electrolyte background in MEKC. The nitrobenzene showed different interaction with micellar system in the electrolyte background with fraction B.
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Behboudi, Shahriar. "Immunological properties of Quillaja saponins /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1997. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1997/91-576-5245-7.gif.
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Silva, Matheus Henrique Reis da [UNESP]. "Fungos endofíticos associados à Passiflora incarnata e avaliação de seu potencial biotecnológico." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151172.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Passiflora incarnata encontra-se entre as plantas medicinais mais estudadas no âmbito farmacológico, cujas propriedades medicinais são atribuídas principalmente aos seus fitoconstituintes, tais como compostos fenólicos, alcalóides e flavonoides. Já foi constatado que os fungos endofíticos, aqueles vivem no interior de plantas, compartilhando com as mesmas uma interação simbiótica. Estes endófitos estão presentes em todas as plantas e muitas vezes partilham dos mesmos metabólitos que sua hospedeira. Devido ao seu enorme potencial de exploração, os fungos endofíticos são considerados um dos mais importantes recursos para a obtenção de novos agentes terapêuticos, pois um grande número de metabólitos estruturalmente novos e biologicamente ativos tem sido relatado para esses organismos. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi isolar fungos endofíticos presentes em folhas de P. incarnata e avaliar seu potencial biotecnológico, quanto à presença de compostos fenólicos, flavonoides e atividade antioxidante. Das 120 folhas analisadas, um total de 315 fungos endofíticos foi obtido; foi possível identificar 16 táxons distintos, dentre eles Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Curvularia spp., Phoma spp., Neurospora spp., Trichoderma spp e representantes dos Mucoromycotina. A maioria dos isolados não apresentou esporulação. Os 60 endófitos utilizados nos ensaios produziram ao menos um composto fitoquímico, 60% (n=36) foram positivos para saponinas, 76% (n=46) para flavonoides, 93% (n=56) para compostos fenólicos, apenas 3% (n=2) para taninos, e nenhum fungo apresentou alcalóides no filtrado. O teor de flavonoides e fenóis totais do extrato de n-Butanol, determinado espectrofotometricamente revelou que a maioria dos fungos analisados foram bons produtores destes compostos, com destaque para os isolados Trichoderma sp./LMA 1684 e Aspergillus sp. 1/LMA 1720, com 213,69 mg.g-1 e 187,3 mg.g-1 , respectivamente, para flavonoides totais expressos em rutina, enquanto para fenóis totais os isolados LMA 1713 e LMA 1824, ambos fungos não esporulantes, apresentaram os teores 184,94 mg.g-1 e 187,05 mg.g-1 , respectivamente. Todos os endófitos apresentaram atividade antioxidante frente ao radical livre DPPH. O extrato butanólico do fungo Aspergillus versicolor/LMA 1705 (94%) foi maior que o padrão BHT (90,27%) e rutina (91,98%). A fração AcOEt e BuOH de cincos fungos selecionados apresentou metabólitos com atividade antioxidante, entre as amostras, a fração BuOH do fungo Trichoderma sp./LMA 1684 mostrou a atividade de eliminação do radical livre DPPH mais baixa (valor de IC50 de 304,18 mg/mL ), enquanto a fração AcOEt do fungo Chaetomium sp./LMA 1793 com um valor de IC50 de 0,21 mg/mL exibiu uma atividade antioxidante maior que os controles positivo BHT (0,42 mg/mL ), Rutina (0,25 mg/mL ), e Ácido Ascórbico (0,23 mg/mL). Foi realizada CG-EM da fração acetato de etila em cinco fungos previamente selecionados e foi constatada a presença do metabólito orcinol (3,19%) em Aspergillus versicolor/LMA 1705, 4-metoximetilfenol (4,79%), Sorbicillina (33,59%) e ergosterol (23,08%), presentes em Trichoderma sp./LMA 1684 e isopropenil-1,4-dimetil-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7-octahidroazuleno no endófito Fusarium sp. 4. O estudo mostrou um grande potencial de aplicação em biotecnologia dos endofíticos de P. incarnata.
Passiflora incarnata is among the most studied medicinal plants in the pharmacological field, whose medicinal properties are attributed mainly to its phytochemicals, such as phenolic compounds, alkaloids and flavonoids. It has been found that endophytic fungi, which are those living inside plants, share a symbiotic interaction with their hosts. These endophytes are present in all plants and often share the same metabolites as the plants they live. Due to their enormous potential for exploitation, endophytic fungi are considered one of the most important resources for obtaining new therapeutic agents, since a large number of structurally new and biologically active metabolites have been reported from these microorganisms. In this context, the objective of this work was to isolate endophytic fungi present in leaves of P. incarnata and to evaluate their biotechnological potential, regarding the presence of phytochemicals, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant activity. From a total of 120 leaves analyzed 315 endophytic fungi were obtained. It was possible to identify 16 distinct taxa, among them Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Curvularia spp., Phoma spp., Neurospora spp., Trichoderma spp. and Mucoromycotina representatives. Many showed no sporulation at all. All 60 endophytes used in the trials produced at least one phytochemical compound, 60% (n = 36) were positive for saponin, 76% (n = 46) for flavonoids, 93% (n = 56) for phenolic compounds, only 3% (n = 2) for tannins, and no one presented alkali in the filtrate. The total flavonoid and phenol contents of the n-Butanol extract, spectrophotometrically determined, showed that most of the analyzed fungi were good producers of these compounds, especially the isolate Trichoderma sp./LMA 1684 and Aspergillus sp. 1/LMA 1720 213.69 mg.g-1 and 187.3 mg.g-1 respectively, for total flavonoids expressed in rutin, and for total phenols the isolate LMA sp. 6 and LMA sp. 26 with 184.94 mg.g-1 and 187.05 mg.g-1 respectively. All endophytes presented antioxidant activity against free radical DPPH. Butanolic extract of the fungus Aspergillus versicolor/LMA 1720 (94%) was higher than the BHT (90.27%) and routine (91.98%) standard. The AcOEt and BuOH fraction of five fungi presented metabolites with antioxidant activity, among the samples, the BuOH fraction of the Trichoderma sp./LMA 1684. showed the lowest free radical DPPH elimination activity (IC50 value of 304.18 mg/mL), while the AcOEt fraction of Chaetomium sp./LMA 1793 with an IC50 value of 0.21 mg/mL showed better antioxidant activity than the BHT (0.42 mg/mL), rutin (0.25 mg/mL), and ascorbic acid (0.23 mg/mL). CG-MS of the ethyl acetate fraction was performed in five previously selected fungi and the presence of the orcinol (3.19%) in Aspergillus versicolor/LMA 1705, 4-methoxymethylphenol (4.79%), Sorbicillin (33.59%) and ergosterol (23.08%), present in Trichoderma sp./LMA 1684 and isopropenyl-1,4-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a, 4,5,6,7-octahydroazulene in the endophyte Fusarium sp. 4/LMA 1719. This study highlighted a great biotechnological application of the P. incarnata endophytes.
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Andriamisaina, Andriamasinoro Nampoina. "Purification et caractérisation des métabolites secondaires extraits de plantes de la famille des Asparagaceae et Caprifoliaceae, et évaluation de leurs activités biologiques." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCE014/document.
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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre de la thématique du Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie de l’UFR Pharmacie, au sein de l’Université de Bourgogne. Elle vise essentiellement la recherche de molécules d’origine végétale issues de la biodiversité tropicale dont principalement des saponines. Ces composés suscitent un grand intérêt de par leur large éventail d’applications pharmacologiques. Dans ce contexte l’étude de trois espèces végétales appartenant à deux familles, à savoir Chlorophytum blepharophyllum Schweinf. ex Baker, Ornithogalum dubium Houtt (Asparagaceae) et Weigela × « kosteriana variegata » (Caprifoliaceae), a conduit à l’isolement de 16 glycosides naturels par les techniques chromatographiques (Chromatographie liquide sous vide, Chromatographie d’exclusion moléculaire, Chromatographie liquide moyenne pression). Les structures de ces derniers ont été élucidées principalement par les techniques spectroscopiques de RMN1D et -2D, et de spectrométrie de masse. Il s’agit de 4 glycosides phénoliques de structure connue, 8 saponines stéroïdiques parmi lesquelles 6 sont de structure nouvelle, ainsi que 4 saponines triterpéniques dont une nouvelle. 5 saponines stéroïdiques ont été testées en vue d’évaluer leur activité cytotoxique sur deux lignées cellulaires cancéreuses (A549 et HL 60). Les résultats ont montré une faible sensibilité de ces deux lignées cellulaires à ces saponines. Les effets toxiques et tératogènes des 3 saponines triterpéniques ont été également déterminés à l’aide d'un test in vivo de poisson-zèbre (zebrafish). Les résultats ont montré un effet létal à de faibles concentrations des 3 saponines. Des relations structure/activité ont été ainsi proposéesThis thesis was carried out in the Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, in health department of the University of Burgundy. The principal theme of this Laboratory is the research of natural compounds from tropical biodiversity, mainly saponins. These molecules are known for their various pharmacological activities. The study of 3 species belonging to 2 different families: Chlorophytum blepharophyllum Schweinf. ex Baker, Ornithogalum dubium Houtt (Asparagaceae) and Weigela × « kosteriana variegata » (Caprifoliaceae), led to the isolation and characterization of 16 natural glycosides by column chromatography, medium pressure liquid chromatography, and vacuum liquid chromatography. The spectral analysis was achieved using mainly 2D NMR and mass spectrometry. Among them, 4 were phenolic glucosides, 8 were steroidic saponins with 6 new structures and 4 were triterpenic saponins with one new structure. The cytotoxic activities of 5 isolated steroidic saponins were evaluated on 2 strains cancer cells (A549 and HL 60). The results showed a low sensitivity of these two cell lines to these saponins. The toxic and teratogenic effects of 3 triterpenic saponins were also determined in by using an in vivo zebrafish assay. The results showed a lethal effect at low concentrations of these 3 saponins. Structure / activity relationships have been proposed
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Rezgui, Abdelmalek. "Isolement et caractérisation des saponines extraites de plantes de la famille des Asparagaceae, Amaryllidaceae et Caprifoliaceae, et évaluation de leurs activités cytotoxiques." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOPE02.
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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre de la thématique du laboratoire de Pharmacognosie de l’UFR Santé, au sein de l’Université de Bourgogne. Elle vise essentiellement la recherche de molécules d’origine végétale issue de la biodiversité tropicale dotées d’une activité antitumorale et immuno-modulatoire dont principalement les saponines. Ce sont des glycosides triterpéniques ou stéroïdiques connus pour leurs nombreuses propriétés pharmacologiques. L’étude de 4 espèces végétales appartenant à 3 familles à savoir Dracaena marginata L., Dracaena fragrans Ker Gawl (Asparagaceae), Allium flavum L. (Amaryllidaceae) et Weigela stelzneri (Caprifoliaceae),a conduit à l’isolement et à la caractérisation de 26 glycosides naturels. Il s’agit de 22 saponines stéroïdiques parmi lesquelles 6 sont de structure nouvelle ainsi que 4 saponines triterpéniques dont 3 nouvelles. Les structures ont été élucidées principalement par l’utilisation de la RMN 2D ainsi que la spectrométrie de masse. 10 des 26 molécules isolées ont été testées en vue d’évaluer leurs activités cytotoxiques sur deux lignées cellulaires cancéreuses (SW480 et EMT-6), et 3 pour l’étude de la modulation de la production d’une cytokine pro-inflammatoire, l’interleukine IL-1β sur cellules PBMC stimulées par le LPS. Nos résultats montrent que 6 d’entre elles possèdent une activité cytotoxique modérée sur les deux lignées cancéreuses. En revanche, deux saponines triterpéniques de type oléanane exercent les plus fortes cytotoxicités sur les deux lignées cancéreuses comparées à celles des références internes (Etoposide et Methotrexate). De plus elles révèlent un important effet de modulation de la production de l’interleukine IL-1β sur cellules PBMC et de ce fait, un fort potentiel anti-inflammatoire. Des relations structure/activité ont été ainsi proposéesThis thesis was carried out in the Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, in health department of the University of Burgundy. The principal theme of this Laboratory is the research of natural compounds from tropical biodiversity, mainly saponins with antitumoral and immunomodulatory activities. These molecules are triterpenic or steroidic glycosides, well known for their various pharmacological activities. The study of 4 species belonging to 3 different families: Dracaena marginata L., Dracaena fragrans Ker Gawl (Asparagaceae), Allium flavum L. (Amaryllidaceae) et Weigela stelzneri (Caprifoliaceae), led to the isolation and characterization of 26 natural glycosides. Among them, 22 were steroidic saponins with 6 new structures and 4 were triterpenic saponins with 3 new structures. The spectral analysis was achieved using mainly 2D NMR and mass spectrometry. The cytotoxic activities of 10 isolated compounds were evaluated on 2 strains cancer cells (SW480 and EMT-6), and 3 compounds for studying the modulatory effect of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin IL-1β on PBMCs stimulated with LPS. Our results show that six of them have moderate cytotoxic activity on both cancer cell lines. However, two oleanane-type triterpene saponins exert the strongest cytotoxicity on both cancer cell lines compared to internal references (Etoposide and Methotrexate). Moreover they show a significant effect of modulating the production of interleukin IL-1β on PBMCs and thereby a strong anti-inflammatory potential. Structure / activity relationships have been proposed
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Serventi, Luca. "Development of saponin-rich baked goods." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1299264786.
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Bitencourt, Raphaela Gabrí 1989. "Extração e fracionamento de saponinas por extração sequencial em leito fixo utilizando dióxido de carbono supercrítico, etanol e água." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256370.
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Orientadores: Fernando Antonio Cabral, Carmen Lucia QueirogaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Saponinas são compostos que se destacam por apresentarem ações farmacológicas, e também por serem empregadas nas indústrias de alimentos e de cosméticos devido às suas propriedades físico-químicas, tais como agentes de superfície. Processos de extração com dióxido de carbono supercrítico (scCO2), como substituto de solventes orgânicos tóxicos representam uma boa opção para extração de compostos bioativos, pois produzem extratos e resíduos isentos de solventes indesejáveis sendo, portanto, tecnologias limpas. Neste sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo extrair e fracionar saponinas a partir de três fontes vegetais, sendo elas raízes de Pfaffia glomerata e de Hebanthe eriantha, conhecidas como ginseng brasileiro, e frutos de Melia azedarach, utilizando um processo sequencial em leito fixo usando scCO2, etanol e água como solventes. As extrações foram realizadas a 50 oC e 300 bar e em quatro etapas sequenciais. Na primeira etapa utilizou-se como solvente scCO2, na segunda escoou-se pelo leito fixo uma mistura scCO2 + etanol na proporção 70:30 (m/m) e, etanol puro e uma mistura etanol/água (70:30 v/v) foram usados nas terceira e quarta etapas, respectivamente. A eficiência do processo de extração e fracionamento foi avaliada com base: 1) nos valores de rendimento de extração, 2) na presença de saponinas, as quais foram monitoradas por cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD) e 3) pela capacidade de redução da tensão superficial de soluções aquosas. Os extratos de M. azedarach ainda foram avaliados quanto ao teor de fenóis e flavonoides totais, perfil químico de compostos voláteis por CG- EM e por espectrometria de massas (ESI-EM). As raízes estudadas apresentaram curvas de extração (cinética) e rendimento semelhantes entre si nas três primeiras etapas. Os rendimentos de extração para as quatro etapas de extração foram 0,16; 0,55; 1,00 e 6,9 % para raízes de P. glomerata e 0,17; 0,58; 0,89 e 28 % para raízes de H. eriantha, respectivamente, indicando presença majoritária de compostos de maior polaridade nestas espécies. Os rendimentos de extração a partir de frutos de M. azedarach apresentaram-se maiores (7,6; 6,4; 19 e 12,3 %) que os de raízes de ginseng brasileiro. As análises por CCD mostraram que o processo de extração foi seletivo de acordo com a polaridade do solvente utilizado, fornecendo frações enriquecidas em diferentes compostos. Os extratos das três matrizes vegetais obtidos pela mistura de dióxido de carbono e etanol (SCEE) apresentaram a maior redução da tensão superficial, apresentando valores de 25,0; 25,0 e 26,9 mN.m-1 para P. glomerata, H. eriantha e M. azedarach, respectivamente, contra 36,3 mN.m-1 para solução de surfactante sintético (dodecil sulfato de sódio). Este resultado sugere que esta capacidade está associada a presença de saponinas de menor polaridade. E, ainda, verificou-se que as saponinas de ginseng brasileiro apresentam concentração micelar crítica (CMC) ? 20 g.L-1. Os maiores teores de compostos fenólicos dos extratos de M. azedarach foram obtidos nos extratos hidroalcoólico (21,6 mg de EAG/g de extrato) e SCEE (20,6 mg de EAG/g de extrato). Não foi verificada presença significativa de compostos voláteis em frutos de M. azedarach por CG-EM. Análises de EM identificaram ácidos graxos (linoleico, palmítico e mirístico) e azedaraquina C (limonoide) no extrato supercrítico e compostos fenólicos (ácido cafeico e ácido málico) nos demais extratos. Por fim, o dióxido de carbono supercrítico mostrou-se seletivo às saponinas com maior capacidade de reduzir a tensão superficial de soluções aquosas, quando utilizado com etanol como cossolvente e, no geral, o processo de extração sequencial em leito fixo utilizando o solventes "verdes" apresentou-se como uma boa alternativa ao uso de solventes orgânicos para extrair e fracionar saponinas presentes em diferentes fontes vegetais
Abstract: Saponins are compounds that stand out due to their pharmacological actions, and also because they are employed by food and cosmetics industry due to its physicochemical properties, such as surfactants. Extraction processes with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as a substitute of toxic organic solvents represent a good option for extracting biocompounds since they obtain free of undesirable solvents extracts and residues thus being a green technology. Therefore, this study aimed to extract and fractionate saponins of three plant sources: roots of Pfaffia glomerata and Hebanthe eriantha (Brazilian ginseng) and fruits of Melia azedarach, by a sequential process in fixed bed using scCO2, ethanol and water as solvents. The extractions were performed at 50 °C and 300 bar in four sequential steps. In the first step scCO2 was used as solvent; in the second scCO2/ethanol mixture, mass ratio 70:30 (w/w); pure ethanol and ethanol/water mixture 70:30 (v/v) were used in the third and fourth stages, respectively. The efficiency of extraction and fractionation process was evaluated based on: 1) the extraction yield, 2) presence of saponins, which were monitored by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and 3) the potential of extracts to reduce the surface tension of aqueous solutions. The extracts of Melia azedarach also were evaluated for their content of total phenols and flavonoids, chemical profile by GC-MS and mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The roots studied presented similar overall extraction curves (kinetic) and yields in the first three steps. The extraction yields for the four stages of extraction were 0.16, 0.55, 1.00 and 6.9 % for roots of P. glomerata and 0.17, 0.58, 0.89 and 28 % for H. eriantha roots, respectively, showing predominant presence of polar compounds in these species. The extraction yields from fruits of M. azedarach were higher (7.6, 6.4, 19 and 12.3 %) than roots of Brazilian ginseng. Analyses by TLC indicated that process was selective in accordance with the polarity of the solvent used providing fractions enriched in different compounds. The extracts of three plant matrices obtained by carbon dioxide and ethanol mixture (SCEE) presented highest ability to reduce surface tension, with values of 25.0, 25.0 and 26.9 mN.m- 1 for P. glomerata, H. eriantha and M. azedarach, respectively, against 36.3 mN.m-1 for a synthetic surfactant solution (sodium dodecyl sulphate). This result suggests that ability is associated with the presence of less polar saponins. And further, Brazilian ginseng saponins have critical micelle concentration (CMC) ? 20 g.L-1. The highest levels of phenolic compounds of M. azedarach were obtained in hydroalcoholic extract (21.6 mg EAG/g extract) and SCEE (20.6 mg EAG/g extract). It was not observed a significant presence of volatile compounds in fruits of M. azedarach by GC-MS. ESI-MS analyses identified fatty acids (linoleic, palmitic and myristic acid) and azedarachin C (limonoid) in supercritical extract (SCE) and the presence of phenolic compounds (caffeic and malic acid) in the other extracts. Finally, the supercritical carbon dioxide has shown to be selective for saponins with the highest capacity to reduce the surface tension of water when used with ethanol as cosolvent. In general, process of sequential fixed bed extraction with green solvents represents a great alternative instead of using organic solvents to extract and fractionate saponins present in different plant sources
Mestrado
Engenharia de Alimentos
Mestra em Engenharia de Alimentos
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De, Freitas Fernandez Luis Antonio. "Étude phytochimique et biologique de Billia rosea Planch & Lunden, Ulloa & Jorgensen; plante vénézuélienne appartenant à la famille SAPINDACEAE." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCE004.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre de la thématique du Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie de l’UFR des Sciences de santé, au sein de l’Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté et du Laboratoire de Produits Naturels de la Faculté de Sciences, au sein de l’Universidad Central de Venezuela. Elle vise essentiellement l’étude phytochimique des graines de Billia rosea (Planch. & Linden) C. Ulloa & P. Jørg, famille des Sapindaceae, qui est utilisé en médecine traditionnelle comme antidiabétique, analgésique et pour le traitement des hémorroïdes et de la fièvre. L'étude de cette espèce végétale a conduit à l’isolement et à la caractérisation de 10 saponines triterpéniques parmi lesquelles 5 sont de structure nouvelle (Billiosides A–E), un analogue connu et une structure a été proposée pour les 4 autres saponines qui devraient être vérifiées dans des études ultérieures.Les structures ont été élucidées principalement par l’utilisation de RMN 1D et 2D (1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, ROESY, HSQC, et HMBC) ainsi que la spectrométrie de masse comme (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 / 4)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-21-[((2E,6S)-2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxyocta-2,7-dienoyl)oxy]-22-(acetyloxy)-24-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (Billioside A), (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-21,22-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-yl O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranoside (Billioside B), (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-D-xylopyranosyl)oxy]-21,22-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-yl O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Billioside C), (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-21,22-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-yl O-β-Dglucopyranoside (Billioside D), (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-Dglucopyranosyl)oxy]-21,22-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-yl O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (Billioside E), et dipteroside A.Les structures proposées pour les 4 autres saponines sont (3β,16α,21β,22α)-3-[(4-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl)oxi]-22-(acetyloxy)-16,24,28-trihidroxyolean-12-en-21-yl-O-(3,4-di-O-angeloyl)-6-Deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside, es (3β,16α,21β,22α)-3-[(4-O-α-L- glucuronopyranosyl -β-D-glucuronopyranosyl)oxy]- 16,22,24,28-tetrahidroxyolean-12-en-21-yl-O-(3,4-di-O-angeloyl)-6-Deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside, (3β,16α,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O- β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl)oxy]-22-(acetyloxy)-16,24,28-trihidroxyolean-12-en-21-yl-O-(3,4-di-O-angeloyl)-6-Deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside et (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-xylopyranosyl)oxy]-21-acetyl-22-hidroxyolean-12-en-28-yl-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside.Billiosides B et C ont été testés en vue d’évaluer leurs capacité à inhiber l'absorption intestinale du glucose in situ dans des segments d'intestins de rat, et sa capacité à inhiber le glucose-6-phosphatase, enzyme impliquée dans la formation du glucose. Billiosides B et C ont montré des effets modérés dans les deux expériencesThis thesis was carried out in the the Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, in health department of the University of Burgundy and in the Laboratory of Natural products of Central University of Venezuela.This research work focused on the phytochemical study of the sedes of Billia rosea (Planch. & Linden) C. Ulloa & P. Jørg, Sapindaceae family. Billia rosea seeds have traditionally been used as antidiabetic, analgesic and for the treatment of hemorrhoids and fever. In the study of this plant was isolated and characterized 10 triterpene saponins, among which 5 has a new structure in the literature of natural products (Billiosides A–E), a known analogue and 4 proposals as possible structures to the remaining isolated saponins, which must be confirmed in subsequent studies.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments (1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, ROESY, HSQC, et HMBC) and mass spectrometry as (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 / 4)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-21-[((2E,6S)-2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxyocta-2,7-dienoyl)oxy]-22-(acetyloxy)-24-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (Billioside A), (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-21,22-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-yl O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranoside (Billioside B), (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-D-xylopyranosyl)oxy]-21,22-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-yl O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Billioside C), (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-21,22-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-yl O-β-Dglucopyranoside (Billioside D), (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-Dglucopyranosyl)oxy]-21,22-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-yl O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (Billioside E), and dipteroside A.The proposed structures for the other 4 isolated saponins are (3β,16α,21β,22α)-3-[(4-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl)oxi]-22-(acetyloxy)-16,24,28-trihidroxyolean-12-en-21-yl-O-(3,4-di-O-angeloyl)-6-Deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside, es (3β,16α,21β,22α)-3-[(4-O-α-L- glucuronopyranosyl -β-D-glucuronopyranosyl)oxy]- 16,22,24,28-tetrahidroxyolean-12-en-21-yl-O-(3,4-di-O-angeloyl)-6-Deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside, (3β,16α,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O- β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl)oxy]-22-(acetyloxy)-16,24,28-trihidroxyolean-12-en-21-yl-O-(3,4-di-O-angeloyl)-6-Deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside and (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-xylopyranosyl)oxy]-21-acetyl-22-hidroxyolean-12-en-28-yl-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside.Billiosides B and C exhibited moderate effects when tested as hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase inhibitors and as glucose intestinal absorption inhibitors, using in situ rat intestinal segments
Este trabajo de investigación, realizado en conjunto entre el Laboratorio de Farmacognosia de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, de la Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté y el Laboratorio de Productos Naturales de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Central de Venezuela; se centró en el estudio fitoquímico de las semillas de Billia rosea (Planch. & Linden) C. Ulloa & P. Jørg, perteneciente a la familia Sapindaceae, utilizada tradicionalmente como antidiabético, analgésico y para el tratamiento de hemorroides y fiebre. El estudio de esta especie vegetal condujo al aislamiento y caracterización de 9 saponinas triterpénicas, entre las cuales 5 poseen una estreuctura nueva en la literatura de productos naturales (Billiosidos A–E), un análogo conocido, además de 3 propuestas como posibles estructuras a las restantes saponinas aisladas, que deben ser confirmadas en estudios posteriores. Las estructuras se elucidaros principalmente mediante el uso de RMN 1D y 2D (1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, ROESY, HSQC, et HMBC) y espectrometría de masa como ácido (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-glucopiranosil-O-[α-L-arabinopiranosil-(1→4)]-β-D-glucopiranosil)oxi]-21-[((2E,6S)-2,6-dimetil-6-hidroxiocta-2,7-dienoil)oxi]-22-(acetiloxi)-24-hidroxiolean-12-en-28-oico, (Billiosido A) (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopiranosil-β-D-glucopiranosil)oxi]-21,22-dihidroxiolean-12-en-28-il-O-α-L-arabinopiranosil-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopiranosido (Billiosido B), (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopiranosil-O-[α-L-arabinopiranosil-(1→4)]-β-D-xilopiranosil)oxi]-21,22-dihidroxiolean-12-en-28-il-O-β-D-glucopiranosido (Billiosido C), (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopiranosil-O-[α-L-arabinopiranosil-(1 → 4)]-β-D-glucopiranosil) oxi]-21,22-dihidroxiolean-12-en-28-yl-O-β-D-glucopiranosido (Billiosido D), (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopiranosil-O-[α-L-arabinopiranosil-(1→4)]-β-D-glucopiranosil)oxi]-21,22-dihidroxiolean-12-en-28-il-O-β-D-glucopiranosil-(1→6)-β-D-glucopiranosido (Billiosido E) y Dipterosido A. Las estructuras propuestas para las otras 3 saponinas aisladas son (3β,16α,21β,22α)-3-[(4-O-α-L-arabinopiranosil-β-D-glucoronopiranosil)oxi]-22-(acetiloxi)-16,24,28-trihidroxiolean-12-en-21-il-O-(3,4-di-O-angeloil)-6-Deoxy-β-D-glucopiranosido, (3β,16α,21β,22α)-3-[(4-O-β-D-galactopiranosil-β-D-glucoronopiranosil)oxi]-22-(acetiloxi)-16,24,28-trihidroxiolean-12-en-21-il-O-(3,4-di-O-angeloil)-6-Deoxy-β-D-glucopiranosido y (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopiranosil-O-[α-L-arabinopiranosil-(1→4)]-β-D-xilopiranosil)oxi]-21-acetil-22-hidroxiolean-12-en-28-il-O-α-L-arabinopiranosil-(1→4)-β-D-glucopiranosido. También se evaluó la actividad inhibitoria de los Billiosidos B y C sobre la absorción intestinal de glucosa in situ en segmentos de intestinos de ratas, además de la capacidad inhibitoria de estos compuestos sobre la enzima glucosa-6-fosfatasa, implicada en la formación de glucosa. Estos Billiosidos mostraron efectos moderados en estos dos experimentos
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Santiago, Brugnoli Laura Vanessa. "Etude Phytochimique de Plantes Médicinales des Andes Vénézuéliennes : Zanthoxylum rhoifolium LAM (Rutaceae) et Bulnesia arborea Cl. Gay (Zygophyllaceae)." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14273/document.
Full textAbstract:
Ces travaux de thèse concernent l’étude phytochimique de deux plantes médicinales appartenant aux genres Zanthoxylum (Rutaceae) et Bulnesia (Zygophyllaceae) connus pour leur utilisation en médecine traditionnelle, et plus particulièrement deux espèces endémiques des Andes Vénézuéliennes : Z. rhoifolium LAM et B. arborea Cl. Gay. L’étude des feuilles et des tiges de ces deux plantes a conduit à l’isolement de dix composés purs et complètement caractérisés : sept sont nouveaux (e.g., l’alcaloïde zanthoxyfoline, des saponines de types triterpène et ergostane) et l’un d’entre eux présente un squelette sesquiterpénique jusqu’alors jamais décrit (i.e., le bulnéarboréanoside I)This work is a phytochemical study of two medicinal plants belonging to the genera Zanthoxylum (Rutaceae) and Bulnesia (Zygophyllaceae), which are known for their use in folk medecine, and in particular two endemic species of the Venezuelan Andes: Z. rhoifolium LAM and B. arborea Cl. Gay. The study of leaves and stems of these two plants led to the isolation of ten pure and fully characterized compounds: seven are new natural products (e.g., the alkaloid zanthoxyfoline, triterpene- and ergostane-types saponins) and one of them presents a sesquiterpene skeleton hitherto ever described (i.e., le bulnearboreanoside I)
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Sosa, Moreno Adadarleny. "Etude Phytochimique de Plantes Médicinales des Andes Vénézuéliennes : Palicourea demissa Standl. (Rubiaceae) et Hydrocotyle umbellata L. (Umbelliferae)." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14274/document.
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Ces travaux de thèse concernent l’étude phytochimique de cinq plantes médicinales dont les espèces sélectionnées sont endémiques du Venezuela : Palicourea demissa Standl. et Hydrocotyle umbellata L., mais aussi Bauhinia cumanensis H.B.K, Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. et Urena sinuata L. Vingt-deux composés ont été purifiés et identifiés à partir des différents extraits étudiés ; il s’agit notamment de terpènes, de flavones et de saponines. Six de ces substances naturelles, parmi lesquelles figurent plusieurs saponines de types spirostane et ergostane, sont décrites pour la première foisThis work is dedicated to the phytochemical study of five medicinal plants whose selected species are endemic of Venezuela: Palicourea demissa Standl., and Hydrocotyle umbellata L., but also Bauhinia cumanensis H.B.K, Guazuma ulmifolia Lam., and Urena sinuata L. Twenty-two compounds were purified and identified from the various studied extracts; they are in particular terpenes, flavones and saponins. Six of these natural products, among which appear several spirostane- and ergostane-types saponins, are described for the first time
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Harvey, Christian. "Analyse chimique des astérosaponines chez Leptastérias polaris et leur rôle dans la réponse défensive de Buccinum undatum /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1985. http://theses.uqac.ca.
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Upadhyay, Sunil. "Synthesis and Antifungal Evaluation of Spirostane Saponins." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1414.
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Methods for the preparation of novel antifungal saponins have been investigated in
order to further explore their medicinal utility and provide the opportunity to synthesize
their derivatives.
Through this work, several partially protected stereoisomers of Cholestane,
Androstane and Spirostane have been prepared which could be used for the synthesis of
various saponin derivatives in order to discover novel saponin based antifungal agent.
Various mono and disaccharide derivatives of these steroids have been synthesized and
evaluated for their antifungal activity against four pathogenic fungal strains. Among the
various derivatives maltose derivatives were found to have the best antifungal activity.
However there is a need for more extensive SAR studies to discover compounds with
better potency.
Additionally, the branched oligosaccharide synthesis was explored in two parts.
First, these results demonstrated that the central 2,3-branched portion can be synthesized
efficiently from a partially protected glucopyranosyl acceptor since the C-2 and C-3
alcohols differ in their reactivity in glycosylation reactions. Second, a tagged sugar based
strategy for synthesis of branched oliogosaccharides was developed, and found to be
effective for general synthesis of branched oligosaccharides.
Microwave assisted synthesis of cyclic imides have been explored this was a key
precursor for the synthesis of our tag molecules which were required for synthesis of
branched oligosachharides. A comparison of microwave versus conventional methods for
synthesis of cyclic imides has been studied. The synthesis of tagged sugars and their
selective deprotection to remove tag molecules were successfully explored in order to
have proof of concept for its applicability towards synthesis of branched
oligosaccharides.
Benzylic mono and dibromination was achieved in very high yields using
microwave conditions using environmentally friendly solvent in order to avoid use of
carcinogenic carbon tetrachloride as solvent for this type of reactions. In addition reaction
time was reduced to 30 minutes to 3 hours compared to convention methods, which
needed more than 15 hours for the benzylic bromination reaction.
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Silva, Caroline Garcia Finkler da. "Estudo de técnicas de extração de saponinas do fruto de erva mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hill)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/142649.
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O grande acúmulo de saponinas nos frutos imaturos de erva mate permite considerá-los uma fonte de matéria prima abundante e ainda não explorada para obtenção de saponinas. As saponinas são conhecidas como tensoativos naturais, sendo utilizadas pelas suas propriedades emulsificantes e farmacológicas. O presente estudo teve como principal objetivo avaliar o uso de técnicas de extração emergentes, como Extração assistida por Ultrassom (US), Campo Elétrico Moderado (CEM) e Extração por Fluido Supercrítico (EFS) para a extração seletiva de saponinas a partir de frutos imaturos de erva mate. Foram investigadas três condições de intensidade de ultrassom (565, 423 e 282 W cm-²) e de intensidade de campo elétrico (50, 37,5 e 25 V cm-1) associadas a diferentes temperaturas de operação. A interação das intensidades de ultrassom e de campo elétrico com diferentes temperaturas foi avaliada através do método de superfície de resposta. Para as extrações por fluido super e sub crítico foram utilizadas três condições de pressão (10, 20 e 30 MPa) e posteriormente sua correlação com diferentes vazões de solvente (1,62; 2,22 e 2,78 x10-4 kg s-1) e temperatura (30, 40 e 50 °C) foi investigada através do métodos de superfície de resposta. Curvas de rendimento das extrações em função do tempo foram levantadas para as condições ótimas de campo elétrico e intensidade de ultrassom (37,5 V cm-1 e 565 W cm-², respectivamente) a 40°C. As curvas foram modeladas matematicamente, com ajuste satisfatório, por modelos cinéticos de 1ª e 2ª ordem e também por um modelo difusivo baseado na 2ª Lei de Fick. Para extração supercrítica, foi construída a curva de extração para a condição de 10 MPa e 40 °C e esta curva foi modelada matematicamente. Assim, foram estimados parâmetros relacionados à transferência de massa, importantes para a compreensão fenomenológica dos processos extrativos. Nesse estudo, a extração com CO2 supercrítico mostrou-se tecnicamente viável para a obtenção de saponinas, sendo mais seletiva em relação aos processos por campo elétrico e ultrassom. Os ensaios com ultrassom e campo elétrico conseguiram gerar extratos brutos com até 68,30 e 64,26 μgilexmg-1extrato em massa de equivalente de saponina por massa de extrato, respectivamente. Os extratos obtidos com fluido supercrítico apresentaram elevada seletividade para saponinas, gerando extratos brutos com até 100,9 μgilex mg-1 extrato de saponina por massa de extrato. A pressão de operação não apresentou efeito tanto no rendimento global de extrato quanto no de saponina.Considering the substantial amount of saponins in unripe yerba mate fruits, they are an abundant source of raw material not exploited yet. Saponins are known as natural surfactants, being used by their emulsifier and pharmacological properties. This study aimed to evaluate emergent extraction techniques such as Ultrasound (US), Moderate Electric Field (MEF) and Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) for the selective extraction of saponins from unripe fruits of yerba mate. Three power conditions (565, 423 and 282W cm-2), electric field intensities (50, 37.5 and 25 V cm-1) and pressure conditions (10, 20 and 30 MPa) were initially assayed for US, MEF and SFE respectively at 40 °C. Power and electric field intensity were found to affect the saponins yields, thus, their correlation with different temperatures were evaluated with a factorial design. At the optimal condition, US and MEF saponins yields were 6.42% and 6.83% (%gilex gextract-1). Extraction yield curves were raised for optimum conditions of electric field and ultrasound power (37.5 V cm-1 and 565 W cm-², respectively). Three different kinetic models were used to model mathematically the overall extraction curves, namely a first-order, second-order, and a mass transfer model based on Fick’s Law. The operating pressure had no effect on either the overall brute extract or saponins yield for SFE. Although the extracts obtained with supercritical fluid showed low brute extracts yields, it was highly selective for saponins yielding up to 10.09%. For supercritical extraction, the extraction curve for 10 MPa and 40 °C was assayed and the experimental data fitted by a mathematical model. Parameters related to mass transfer, important for understanding of the extractive processes, were successfully estimated. In this study, the extraction with ultrasounds, electric field and supercritical CO2 were shown to be technically viable to obtain saponins from unripe yerba mate fruits, being EFS more selective than the other technics studied.
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Lundberg, Luke. "Saponin Removal from Quinoa by Abrasion Processing." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2019. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2085.
Full textAbstract:
Quinoa is coated with a thin layer of saponins, glycosylated triterpenoids, that produce a bitter flavor when consumed. The average saponin content in commercial varietals from Bolivia average around 2.7% saponins and organoleptic testing shows the threshold for noticing a bitter flavor is below 0.12% (Medina-Meza et al., 2016). Current industrial processing methods use a combination of abrasion and turbulent water flow to remove saponin. This study will address the following research question: How will grain-to-grain and grain-to-surface abrasion affect the processing time to remove saponin from quinoa? In particular, can effective saponin removal be achieved in less than 10 minutes without washing with water?
Three different laboratory scale systems for generating grain-to-grain abrasion alone and in combination with grain-to-surface abrasion were constructed. Preliminary studies using mass balance and visual observation found the tubular system removed 4.45% of the quinoa mass in saponin containing fractions compared to the conical system (1.33%) and fluidized bed (0.62%).
After preliminary studies, a saponin estimation method was adapted and the conditions of the tubular system were determined. A randomized experiment was carried out in triplicate at three levels of time (5, 10, and 15 minutes) and mass (200, 300, and 400 grams). The effect of surface roughness in the tubular system was also evaluated. The samples were collected and saponin content in each sample was quantified using the adapted method. The saponin levels were compared to commercially processed quinoa in the market.
The processing conditions of 15 minutes at an input mass of 300 grams yielded the lowest saponin level of 0.19%. The four processing conditions of (10 minutes/200 grams, 10 minutes/400 grams, 15 minutes/200 grams and 15 minutes/300 grams) were statistically different (p
The tubular system showed promise for reducing process time and saponin content in commercially processed quinoa without washing. However, further experimentation is needed for industrial implementation. The system would provide the industry with a sustainable process with better saponin removal capacity.
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Lamidi, Maroufath. "Nauclea diderrichii : etudes phytochimique et pharmacologique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11071.
Full textAbstract:
L'etude phytochimique de nauclea diderrichii (de wild) merr. Nous a permis d'isoler et de determiner la structure de onze saponosides (glycosides de l'acide quinovique), dont cinq sont des composes decrits pour la premiere fois. Deux glucoalcaloides dont un nouveau, un glycoside terpenique de structure originale et un secoiridoide ont egalement ete identifies. L'activite pharmacologique des extraits de saponosides, d'alcaloides, ainsi que des molecules isolees, a ete testee sur: candida albicans, trichomonas vaginalis, leishmania infantum et plasmodium falciparum. Les alcaloides totaux ont l'activite leischmanicide et antimalarique la plus elevee in vitro. Les saponosides ont egalement une activite antimalarique interessante. Le pretraitement des hematies parasitees par plasmodium falciparum par une solution de saponosides permet de majorer l'activite des alcaloides de maniere significative
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Rengifo, Carrillo Mayra Graciela. "Etude phytochimique de trois espèces vénézuéliennes appartenant aux familles Burseraceae, Araliaceae, et Lamiaceae et de deux cultivars de la famille Pittosporaceae." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCE020/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre de la thématique du Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie de l'UFR des Sciences de santé, au sein de l'Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté et du Laboratoire de Produits Naturels de la Faculté de Sciences, au sein de l'Universidad de Los Andes (Venezuela). Elle vise essentiellement l'isolement, purification et identification de molécules d'origine végétale avec activité biologique. Dans ce contexte, l'étude de plantes vénézuéliennes, Bursera inversa (Burseraceae), Lepechinia Bullata (Lamiaceae) et Hydrocotyle multifida (Araliaceae) avec des cultivars Pittosporum tenuifolium 'Variegatum' et Pittosporum tenuifolium 'Gold star' a conduit à l'obtention de treize glycosides naturels, un dérivé de l'acide caféique et diverses hydrocarbures à longue chaîne par les techniques de chromatographie de couche mince préparative, de chromatographie liquide à moyenne pression, chromatographie liquide haute performance, et de chromatographie liquide sous vide. Les structures ont été élucidées principalement par les techniques spectroscopiques de RMN-1 D et -2D, et de spectrométrie de masse. Il s'agit de treize saponines triterpéniques de type oléanane (parmi lesquelles neuf sont des nouveaux composés naturels) ainsi que de l'acide rosmarinique et des alcanes et esters d'acides gras à longue chaîneThis thesis was carried out in the Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, on the Health Sciences section of Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (France) and also in the Laboratory of Natural Products of Sciences Faculty of Universidad de Los Andes (Venezuela). The aim of this thesis was the isolation, purification and identification of bioactive molecules from several plant species. ln this context, the study of Venezuelan species, Bursera inversa (Bùrseraceae), Lepechinia Bullata (Lamiaceae) and Hydrocotyle multifida (Araliaceae), together with the cultivars, Pittosporum tenuifolium 'Variegatum' and Pittosporum tenuifolium 'Gold star' was carried out. The study led to the isolation of thirteen natural glycosides, one caffeic acid derivative and several long chain hydrocarbons by column chromatography, preparative thin layer chromatography, medium pressure liquid chromatography, high performance chromatography and vacuum liquid chromatography. The structures were elucidate mainly by spectroscopie techniques, NMR-1 D and 2D, and mass spectrometry. The compounds were characterized as thirteen oleanane-type saponins (among them nine are new natural compounds), rosmarinic acid and several long chain alkanes and fattv acid esters
Este trabajo se presenta bajo la forma de secciones, donde en primer lugar se expone una breve introducción acerca de los géneros de interés para este estudio, como son Bursera (Burseraceae), Hydrocotyle (Araliaceae), Lepechinia (Lamiaceae) y Pittosporum (Pittosporaceae); así como los motivos que llevaron a la realización de este estudio fitoquímico. Cada género es tratado en un capítulo diferente, que abarca una revisión bibliográfica extensa (considerando los aspectos etnobotánicos, fitoquímicos y farmacológicos) del género, seguida por el procedimiento experimental llevado a cabo en cada especie analizada y por último el análisis de los resultados obtenidos.Los compuestos aislados de cultivares de Pittosporum tenuifolium estudiados: 'Variegatum' y 'Gold Star' se encuentran descritos en el primer capítulo entre los que se encuentran ocho nuevas saponinas triterpénicas tipo-oleanano: PT-PI y PT-P4 de los tallos deP. tenuifolium 'Variegatum', PT-P2 y PT-P3 de las hojas de este mismo cultivar, PT-P7 y PT-P8 de los tallos de P. tenuifolium 'Gold Star' y por último, PT-P5 y PT-P6 aisladas de los tallos de ambos cultivares. Además también se describe el compuesto ya conocido, udosaponinaF (PT-P9), identificado en los tallos de P. tenuifolium 'Variegatum' De las especie Hydrocotyle multifìda se aislaron cinco saponinas triterpénicas, descritas en el segundo capítulo, las cuales tienen al ácido oleanólico como genina. Dos de las cinco saponinas son productos naturales nuevos, HmE-P3 y HmE-P2 minoritario; las otras tres saponinas son compuestos ya conocidos, momordin I (HmE-P1), sandrosaponina X (HmE-P2 mayoritario) y hemslósido Mal (HmE-P4) En el tercer capítulo que abarca al género Bursera, incluye los resultados del estudio fitoquímico de las semillas de Bursera inversa, entre los que se puede mencionar la identificación de 45 compuestos en las semillas de esta planta. El último capítulo contiene la descripción del compuesto mayoritario, aislado de las mias de Lepechinia bullata e identificado como el ácido rosmarínico (LB-TI)
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Rocha, Flávio. "Bioprospecção de plantas da família Solanaceae com atividade fungitóxica à Moniliophthora perniciosa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11138/tde-17112015-085928/.
Full textAbstract:
O fungo Moniliophthora perniciosa, fitopatógeno responsável pela doença vassoura-de-bruxa no cacaueiro, é responsável por reduzir a produtividade de frutos de cacau nas Américas. Visto que os métodos atuais de controle desta doença não são eficientes, faz-se necessário a busca por compostos para seu controle químico. Os produtos naturais têm contribuído na síntese de novos pesticidas e a família Solanaceae é reconhecida como uma fonte promissora de compostos antifúngicos. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve por objetivo explorar o potencial biológico e químico de metabólitos secundários produzidos por plantas da família Solanaceae com atividade antifúngica à M. perniciosa. Para tanto, extratos aquosos de folhas de dez plantas foram avaliados quanto sua atividade inibitória a M. perniciosa e, observou-se maior atividade antifúngica pelos extratos de Cestrum nocturnum, Solanum seaforthianum e Brunfelsia uniflora. Destas, as plantas S. seaforthianum e B. uniflora mostram-se como promissoras e foram selecionadas para isolamento de seus compostos ativos. A partir do extrato aquoso de S. seaforthianum obteve-se duas frações constituídas por saponinas furostanas, a mistura (25R)-karatavioside C / (25R)-purpureagitoside, com CI50 de 40,9 μg mL-1, e a mistura (25R)-timosaponin H1/ (25R)-uttroside B, com CI50 de 22,3 μg mL-1 ao crescimento micelial. E, a partir do extrato aquoso de B. uniflora obteve-se três compostos da classe das saponinas espirostanas, o composto karatavioside A e os compostos parcialmente identificados BuM8i4, com aglicona identificada como (25R)-yucagenina, e BuM8i6, com aglicona identificada como (25R)-diosgenina, todos com CI50.< 15,63 μg mL-1 ao crescimento micelial de M. perniciosa. Todos os compostos caracterizados neste trabalho estão sendo relatados pela primeira vez a partir das plantas estudas e também para atividade antifúngica.The fungal phytopathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa is the causal agent of Witches\' Broom disease and the main responsible by limiting cacao production in Americas. The current disease control methods are not efficient and new antifungal compounds are necessary to the chemical management. Natural products has contributed to the development of natural product-based pesticides and the Solanaceae plants are known as a promising source of antifungal compounds. In this context, this work aimed to explore the biological and chemical potential of secondary metabolites produced by Solanaceae plants with antifungal activity against M. perniciosa. For this, antifungal activity of water extracts from leaves of ten plants was evaluated against M. perniciosa and the best results were observed by using extracts from Cestrum nocturnum, Solanum seaforthianum e Brunfelsia uniflora. Among these plants, S. seaforthianum and B. uniflora were selected for active compounds isolation due to their promising characteristics. From water extract of S. seaforthianum two furostan saponin fractions were obtained, the mixture (25R)-karatavioside C / (25R)- purpureagitoside, with IC50 of 40,9 μg mL-1, and the mixture (25R)-timosaponin H1/ (25R)-uttroside B, with IC50 of 22,3 μg mL-1 to the mycelial growth. From water extract of B. uniflora three spirostan saponin compounds were obtained, the compound karatavioside A and the compounds partially identified BuM8i4, with aglycone identified as (25R)-yucagenina, and BuM8i6, with aglycone identified as (25R)- diosgenina, all these compounds showed IC50< 15,63 μg mL-1 to the mycelial growth of M. perniciosa. All compounds characterized in this study were obtained for the first time from these plants and also described about their antifungal activity.
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Carlson, Emily M. "Saponins bioactivity and potential impact on intestinal health /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1244477535.
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Sa, Angela Cury de Mello. "Uso da saponina em fixadores para exame citologico." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310252.
Full textAbstract:
Orientadores: Konradin Metze, Miriam Aparecida da Silva TrevisanDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: A saponina é um grupo de hemolisinas enzimáticas derivado de uma variedade de plantas, pode ser útil na preparação de amostras hemorrágicas, limpando as hemácias do material de fundo da lâmina. O objetivo de nosso estudo foi investigar se a saponina pode ser usada na remoção de hemácias do material de fundo na rotina, esfregaços citológicos secos ao ar em comparação com fixados imediatamente. A preparação de amostra citológica de figado e linfonodo de cães foi realizada em quadruplicata (imediatamente após a morte do animal) e processada da seguinte maneira: 1. Grupo SFX - Esfregaços foram imediatamente colocados na solução fixadora SFX, composta por 1:1 de álcool a 95% e de formalina tamponada ,e 0,1% de saponina. 2. Coloração convencional (SE) - Esfregaços foram deixados secar ao ar por 30 minutos depois corados por Leishmann. 3. Pós-fixação com álcool 95% (AL) - Esfregaços secos ao ar foram reidratados e incubados em solução de saponina a 0,1%. Depois fixados em álcool 95% e corados pela técnica de coloração modificada GiemsalHematoxilina-Eosina. 4. Pós-fixação com álcool-formol (ALFO) - Esfregaços secos ao ar foram reidratados e incubados em solução de saponina a 0,1%. Depois fixados em álcool-formol e corados pela técnica de coloração modificada Giemsa/Hematoxilina-Eosina...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: Saponins, a group of enzyrnatic hemolysins derived from a variety of plants, may be helpful in the preparation of hemorrhagic cell samples by clearing the background. The aim of our study was to investigate, whether saponin may be helpful in removing the red cell background in routine, air-dried cytologic preparations in comparison with immediately fixed slides. Cytologic touch preparations from liver and lymph nodes from mongrel dogs were processed as following: 1. SFX group - Smears were immediately put into the fixative SFX, composed of an aqueous, phosphate buffered solution containing 50% ethanol and 2% formldehyde and 0,1% saponin. 2. Conventional staining (SE) - Smears were air-dried for at least 30 minutes and than stained according to Leishmann. 3. Alcohol- postfixation (AL) - Air dried smears were rehydrated and incubated in a 0,1% saponin solution and then fixed in 95% alcohol and stained with the modified Giemsa-haematoxilin staining. 4. Formol-Alcohol postfixation(FoAL)- Air dried smears were rehydrated and ineubated in a 0,1% saponin solution and then fixed in formalin-alcohol solution and stained with the modified Giemsa-haematoxilin staining...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations
Mestrado
Anatomia Patologica
Mestre em Ciências Médicas
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Royer, Lauri Antônio Junior. "MORFOANATOMIA, ATIVIDADE ANTI-INFLAMATÓRIA E PARÂMETROS BIOQUÍMICOS DE POIRETIA TETRAPHYLLA (POIRET) BURKART (LEGUMINOSAE)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5922.
Full textAbstract:
Poiretia tetraphylla (Poir.) Burk., is part of Leguminosae family, Papilionoideae subfamily. It
is popularly known as erva-de-touro-miúda or chá-dos-pampas and occurs in Brazil, Argentine,
Paraguay and Uruguay. P. tetraphylla is used in traditional medicine as tonic, sudoriferous, in stomach
disorder, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic and insecticidal. This plant is an erect herb to sub-shrub that
can achieve 1meter tall. Its inflorescence is terminal, raceme shaped, with yellow flowers. Its fruits are
samara type up to 2,5 cm length. Was verified the presence of volatile oil, tannins, flavonoids, and
saponine in your leaves, stem and flowers. The morphological analysis was made by means of a
stereomicroscop and the anatomical analysis in paradermic and transversal sections was made with
hydroxide ethyl methacrylate inclusion. A pharmacobotanical study lead shows that leaves are
characteristically 4-leaflets, the leaflets present themselves with 0,5 to 1,2 cm length and 0,5 to 1 cm
wide and obovate shape. Has cuticle plain and plicate, stomata are present in both epidermal faces,
mucilaginous cells and does not present epicuticular formations. The mesophyll is heterogeneous of
dorsiventral type and the vascular bundles are of closed collateral type. In distal region occurs
secretory cells of rounded shape with bright content in bluish-green tint. The stem can reach up to 1
meter high and 0,15 to 0,40 cm in diameter, and is characteristically angular, striate, glabrous,
greenish, slightly branched at the base and with abundant oblong and translucent glands. The stem
epidermis present itself uniestratified, with thick cuticle, stomata are very pronounced, rounded
mucilaginous glandular formations with internal content bluish and does not present trichomes. The
cortex is formed by 1-5 layers of parenchyma cells with different sizes, the phloem is protected by, a
group of up to six layers of sclerenchyma fibers which present themselves as an interrupted ring
surrounding the vascular system. The central cylinder characterized the sifonestelic continuous
ectofolic type. The pith is composed of parenchyma cells with the intercellular space of meatus type,
and does not present any internal content. These morphoanatomical singularities are important and
relevant in pharmacobotanical works, because together, can be used in authenticity from various
vegetal species. Anti-inflammatory activity of water-ethanol extract of Poiretia tetraphylla in a model
of induction of formation of granulomatous tissue in rats and also hepatic and renal toxicity through
serum dosage were evaluated. After treatment period, the animal group treated with P. tetraphylla
showed an inhibitory inflammation process of 31,20±4,71%, while the nimesulide group, the pattern,
obtained an inhibitory inflammation process of 21,42±6,52%, when compared to negative control 20%
of propylene glycol (p<0,05). The serum levels of AST, ALT and creatinine in all groups of animals,
do not shown significant elevation when compared to negative control. Anti-inflammatory activity
exhibited for P. tetraphylla could be associated to his composition which contains saponines and
flavonoids.Poiretia tetraphylla (Poir.) Burk., pertence a família Leguminosae, subfamília Papilionoideae. É conhecida popularmente como erva-de-touro-miúda ou chá-dos-pampas, ocorre no Brasil, Argentina, Paraguai e Uruguai. P. tetraphylla é utilizada como tônica, em afecções estomacais, como sudorífera, anti-inflamatória, anti-helmíntica e inseticida. Esta planta é uma erva a subarbusto ereto que pode atingir 1 metro de altura. Suas inflorescências são terminais, em forma de cacho com flores amareladas. Os frutos são legumes do tipo sâmara de até 2,5 cm de comprimento. Foi verificada a presença de óleos voláteis, taninos, flavonóides e saponinas nas folhas, caules e flores. A análise morfológica foi efetuada em estereomicroscópio e a análise anatômica em secções paradérmicas e transversais com inclusão em hidroxietilmetacrilato. O estudo farmacobotânico conduzido demonstra que as folhas são caracteristicamente 4-folioladas, o folíolo mede de 0,5-1,2 cm de comprimento por 0,5-1,0 cm de largura e possui forma obovada. Possui cutícula lisa e plicada, presença de estômatos nas duas faces epidérmicas, células mucilaginosas, e falta de formações epicuticulares. O mesofilo assume padrão heterogêneo e assimétrico, o feixe vascular é do tipo colateral fechado. Estruturas secretoras são observadas na região distal da lâmina foliar e apresentam conteúdo de coloração azulesverdeada. O caule com até 1 m de altura e 0,15-0,40 cm de diâmetro, é caracteristicamente anguloso, estriado, glabro, esverdeado, pouco ramificado na base e com abundantes glândulas oblongas e translúcidas. A epiderme caulinar é uniestratificada, com cutícula espessa, estômatos evidentes, formações glandulares mucilaginosas arredondadas com conteúdo azulado e ausência de tricomas. O córtex é composto de 1 a 5 camadas de células parenquimáticas com variados tamanhos, o floema é protegido por uma camada de fibras esclerenquimáticas contendo até seis camadas, as quais apresentam-se na forma de anel interrompido envolvendo o sistema vascular. O cilindro central é do tipo sifonestólico contínuo ectofólico. A medula é composta por células parenquimáticas com espaços intercelulares do tipo meato, sem nenhum conteúdo interno. Estas singularidades morfoanatômicas são importantes e relevantes em trabalhos de farmacobotânica, pois em conjunto são usadas para estabelecer a autenticidade de diferentes espécies vegetais. A atividade anti-inflamatória do extrato hidroetanólico de P. tetraphylla foi avaliada através do modelo de indução da formação do tecido granulomatoso em ratos e dosagens séricas realizadas para verificação de toxicidade hepática e renal. Os animais tratados com extrato de P. tetraphylla apresentaram inibição do processo da inflamação de 31,20±4,71%, já o grupo tratado com nimesulida, padrão, mostrou uma inibição de 21,42±6,52%, quando comparados ao controle negativo propilenoglicol 20% (p<0,05). As dosagens séricas de AST, ALT e creatinina de todos os grupos, quando comparadas ao controle negativo, não apesentaram nenhuma elevação siginificativa. A atividade anti-inflamatória apresentada para o extrato de P. tetraphylla pode estar associada à sua composição que contém saponinas e flavonóides.
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Müller, Lillian Espindola. "Avaliação de adjuvantes obtidos a partir de extratos de plantas bioativas." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2017. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3637.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
A necessidade de alternativas que tornem as aplicações mais eficientes no manejo fitossanitário é uma constante e para isto o uso de adjuvantes junto às caldas fitoprotetoras trazem grandes benefícios como o aumento na molhabilidade, na aderência, no espalhamento, a redução da tensão superficial e o ângulo de contato da gota e na dispersão da calda de pulverização, além de aumentar a penetração cuticular promovendo assim a eficácia contra espécies de difícil controle melhorando a atividade química e as características de aplicação. Com isso, este trabalho teve por objetivo investigar fontes de adjuvantes obtidas a partir de extratos de plantas bioativas. Foram avaliadas a presença de saponinas na composição fitoquímica, a qualidade saponosídica, o potencial tensoativo e adesivo e a melhor forma de preparo e concentração para cada espécie. As médias dos resultados obtidos pelos tratamentos foram comparadas estatisticamente pelo teste de Tukey, em nível de 5% de probabilidade. A presença de saponinas foi constatada na maioria das espécies analisadas com qualidades distintas, obtendo-se maior capacidade tensoativa para o fator de comparação utilizado (sabão neutro) enquanto a maior capacidade adesiva foi observada na espécie Aloe vera. A melhor forma de preparo e concentração se deu de acordo com as análises realizadas, sendo que para os tensoativos os melhores resultados foram através da massa seca e triturada enquanto que para os adesivos a forma verde processada em suco obteve maior destaque. No entanto ainda são necessários maiores estudos quanto às concentrações e associações passíveis de serem utilizadas no manejo fitossanitário para a agricultura familiar.
The need for alternatives which make the most efficient applications in plant management is constant and that the use of adjuvants together with the grout fitoprotetoras bring great benefits as increased wettability in adhering, the spreading, to reduce the surface tension and the angle contact drop and dispersion of the spray solution, in addition to increasing cuticular penetration thereby promoting effective against species unwieldy improving the chemical activity and application characteristics. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate sources of adjuvants derived from bioactive plant extracts. We evaluated the presence of saponins in phytochemical composition, saponosídica quality, surfactant and adhesive potential and the best way of preparation and concentration for each species. The average results for the treatments were compared statistically by the Tukey test at the level of 5% probability. The presence of saponins was observed in most of the species analyzed with distinct qualities, obtaining higher surface-active capacity for comparison factor used (neutral soap) while the higher adhesive strength was observed in the Aloe vera species. The best form of preparation and concentration was in accordance with the analysis carried out, and for the surfactants the best results were dried and crushed through mass while for the adhesives processed green form in juice obtained greater prominence. However further studies are still needed as the concentrations and associations that can be used in pest management for family farming.
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Kougan, Nkwokap Guy Beddos. "Isolement et caractérisation des saponosides de trois plantes de la famille des araliaceae et dracaenaceae et évaluation de leurs activités cytotoxiques sur cellules tumorales." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841944.
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L'intérêt des substances d'origine naturelle, potentiellement anti-tumorales nous a amené à nous intéresser aux saponines triterpéniques et stéroïdiques de plantes issues de la biodiversité africaine de la famille des Araliaceae et des Dracaenaceae. En effet, des études antérieures menées sur quelques plantes de ces deux familles ont conduit à l'obtention de molécules complexes et originales possédant d'excellentes propriétés cytotoxiques, immuno-modulatrices, anti-inflammatoires. Au vu de ces résultats nous avons entrepris des investigations pharmaco-chimiques sur Cussonia arborea (Araliaceae), Dracaena deisteliana et Dracaena arborea (Dracaenaceae), plantes médicinales couramment utilisées en pharmacopée traditionnelle africaine pour traiter différentes maladies. Les travaux menés ont conduit à l'isolement de 31 composés purs en utilisant les différentes techniques analytiques du laboratoire notamment les diverses techniques de chromatographie liquide successive à pression atmosphérique, moyenne pression et flash chromatographie sur silice en phase normale et en phase inverse. Les structures ont été déterminées par les méthodes de spectrométrie de masse en source FAB et de spectroscopie de RMN 1D et 2D (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMBC et HSQC). Parmi les 07 composés purs obtenus des écorces de Cussonia arborea, 5 sont des nouvelles saponines triterpéniques dont un dérivé de l'acide ursolique, un dérivé de l'hédéragénine et trois dérivés de l'acide oléanolique, tous disubstitués en position 3 et 28 par des chaînes oligosaccharidiques. 13 composés purs sont obtenus à partir des feuilles de Cussonia arborea, dont 7 nouvelles saponines triterpéniques dérivés de l'acide ursolique, de l'acide 23-hydroxyursolique, de l'hédéragénine et de l'acide oléanolique dont 04 d'entre elles sont obtenues sous forme de mélanges inséparables d'isomères acide oléanolique/acide ursolique et hédéragénine/acide 23-hydroxyursolique. A partir des écorces de Dracaena arborea et des tiges de Dracaena deisteliana, nous avons isolé et caractérisé 10 saponines stéroïdiques dont 4 nouvelles et une sapogénine. Les activités de certains de ces produits purs ont été évaluées sur deux lignées de cellules cancéreuses coliques humaines HCT 116 et HT-29.
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Hassan, Sherif Mohamed. "Antimicrobial activities of saponin-rich guar meal extract." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2791.
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Cibulski, Samuel Paulo. "Saponinas de Quillaja brasiliensis: potencial imunoadjuvante e mecanismos celulares e moleculares de ação." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/127089.
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A formulação de vacinas efetivas frequentemente requer a adição de adjuvantes capazes de otimizar as respostas imunes humoral e celular. Com o objetivo principal de contribuir para o desenvolvimento de novos adjuvantes, este trabalho foi desenvolvido buscando aprofundar o conhecimento do mecanismo de ação imunoadjuvante de preparações de saponinas de Quillaja brasiliensis e suas formulações em complexos imunoestimulantes do tipo ISCOM. Como a toxicidade das saponinas é um fator crítico para seu uso em preparações vacinais, inicialmente foram realizados ensaios visando comparar a toxicidade in vitro e in vivo de saponinas extraídas de Quillaja brasiliensis com saponinas de ação imunoestimulante reconhecidas, extraídas de Quillaja saponaria (Quil A). O potencial imunoadjuvante das saponinas solúveis de Q. brasiliensis foi avaliado utilizando preparações com dois antígenos: ovalbumina (OVA) e vírus da diarreia viral bovina (BVDV). Numa etapa seguinte, a atividade imunoadjuvante de ISCOMs preparados com saponinas de Q. brasiliensis foram avaliadas em duas vias de administração. O potencial imunomodulador dessas saponinas foi verificado em experimentos de recrutamento celular in vivo e expressão de genes relacionados ao sistema imune. Os resultados mostraram que saponinas de Q. brasiliensis são menos tóxicas que as de Quil A e apresentam atividade adjuvante similar, caracterizada por um perfil Th1/Th2 balanceado. Q. brasiliensis promoveu uma forte resposta imune celular do tipo Th1 caracterizada por uma robusta reação de hipersensibilidade celular tardia (DTH) e pela produção de IFN- e IL-2. A resposta imune induzida pelos ISCOMs produzidos a partir de saponinas de Q. brasiliensis foram superiores às respostas induzidas pelas saponinas solúveis. Os testes in vivo mostraram que as saponinas de Q. brasiliensis promovem um ambiente imunocompetente no local da inoculação e nos linfonodos drenantes. Esse ambiente foi caracterizado pelo intenso influxo celular (neutrófilos, células NK, células dendríticas, linfócitos T e B), além da expressão diferencial de genes relacionados à ativação do sistema imune. Em suma, os resultados mostraram que saponinas de Q. brasiliensis são seguras e seus potencial adjuvante foi equivalente a saponinas com ação imunoadjuvante conhecida de Q. saponaria.Effective vaccine formulations frequently require addition of adjuvants able to optimize the cellular and humoral immune responses. With the goal to contribute to the development of new classes of adjuvants, this work was developed in order to achieve deep knowledge on the imunoadjuvant mode of action for Quillaja brasiliensis saponins incorporated into immunostimulant complex (ISCOM). The toxicity of saponins is a critical factor for its usage as vaccine preparations. At first, in vivo and in vivo citoxicity assays were carried out to compare to the effects between saponins extracted from Quillaja brasiliensis and the immunostimulant saponins already known from Quillaja saponaria (Quil A). Imunoadjuvant potential of soluble saponins from Q. brasilienis was evaluated using preparations of two antigens: ovoalbumin (OVA) and bovine viral diarrhea (BVD). As a next step, imunoadjuvant activity of ISCOMS prepared with Q. brasiliensis saponins was evaluated using two routes of administration. The immunomodulatory potential of these saponins was tested during in vivo cell recruitment assays and gene expression related to immune system. Our results demonstrated that Q. brasilienis saponins are less toxic than those from Quil A and presenting similar adjuvant activity, characterized by a Th1/Th2 balance profile. Q.brasiliensis induced a strong Th1 cell-mediated immune responses indicated by a robust delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) as well as IFN-у and IL-2 production. The immune response induced by ISCOMs from Q. brasiliensis saponins was higher than the one induced by soluble saponins. In vivo experiments indicated that saponins from Q. brasiliensis generate an immunocompetent environment at the injection site and draining lymph nodes. This environment was characterized by an intense cell influx (neutrophils, NK cells, dendritic cells, B and T cells) as well as differential gene expression related to immune system activation. In essence, the results showed that saponins from are safe and their adjuvant potential was equivalent to saponins with imunoadjuvant activity of Q. saponaria.
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Trojanowska, Miranda R. "The biosynthesis of saponins and phytosterols in oat roots." Thesis, University of Hull, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310222.
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Paphassarang, Somboun. "Contribution à l'étude botanique et phytochimique de Polyscias scutellaria (Burm. F. ) Fosb. (araliaceae)." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO1W256.
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