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Journal articles on the topic 'Saponine'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

van Der Haar, A. W. "Untersuchungen Ueber die Saponine." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 42, no. 12 (September 3, 2010): 1080–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19230421211.

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2

Schenkel, Eloir, Wolfgang Werner, and Karl Schulte. "Die Saponine ausThinouia coriacea." Planta Medica 57, no. 05 (October 1991): 463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-960152.

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3

Glombitza, Karl-Werner, and Hermann Kurth. "Saponine aus Anagallis arvensis L. (Primulaceae)." Archiv der Pharmazie 320, no. 10 (October 1987): 1083–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ardp.198700012.

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4

van der Haar, A. W. "Untersuchungen über die Saponine und Verwandte Körper." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 43, no. 8 (September 3, 2010): 542–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19240430804.

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5

van der Haar, A. W. "Untersuchungen über die Saponine und Verwandte Körper." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 43, no. 8 (September 3, 2010): 546–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19240430805.

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6

van der Haar, A. W. "Untersuchungen über die Saponine und Verwandte Körper." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 43, no. 8 (September 3, 2010): 548–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19240430806.

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7

van Der Haar, A. W. "Untersuchungen über die Saponine und Verwandte Körper." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 46, no. 11 (September 3, 2010): 775–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19270461103.

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8

van der Haar, A. W. "Untersuchungen über die Saponine und verwandte Körper." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 48, no. 7 (September 3, 2010): 726–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19290480709.

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9

Reznicek, G., J. Jurenitsch, M. Freiler, S. Korhammer, E. Haslinger, K. Hiller, and W. Kubelka. "Isolierung und Struktur weiterer neuer Saponine ausSolidago canadensis." Planta Medica 58, no. 01 (February 1992): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-961398.

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10

Kronabel, Dieter. "Antileukämisch wirksame Saponine und Sapogenine aus Asparagus officinalis L." Deutsche Zeitschrift für Onkologie 46, no. 02 (June 25, 2014): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1357646.

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11

van der Haar, A. W. "Untersuchungen über die Saponine und Verwandte Körper: VII. ueber das Gypsophila-Saponin und seine Hydrolyse-Spaltlinge. (Gypsogenin ) und Saccharide." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 46, no. 2 (September 3, 2010): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19270460203.

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12

van Der Haar, A. W. "Untersuchungen über die Saponine und verwandte Körper: XXII. Das Saponin der Samenkerne von Mimusops Elengi L. und seine Hydrolysespaltlinge." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 48, no. 11 (September 3, 2010): 1155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19290481114.

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13

van Der Haar, A. W. "Untersuchungen über die Saponine und verwandte Körper: XXIII. Das Saponin der Samenkerne von Achras Sapota L. und seine Hydrolysespaltlinge." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 48, no. 11 (September 3, 2010): 1166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19290481115.

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14

Vidhate R. Sneha and Wate Priyanka. "A Review of Saponine rich herbal drugs on COVID – 19 w.s.r to their Muco- adhesive action." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL1 (July 2, 2020): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.2347.

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Commencing ancient period there are abundant medicinal herbs which have been used in many kind of disease even which are dreadful in conditions. Also for treatment and preventative strategy for several diseases, such as respiratory viral infection, Meningitis, Rhinitis etc. So the beneϑit of these medicinal herbal drugs which are used in viral respiratory infections diseases is require to build immune stimulating boosting power and also inϑlammation modulate special effects of manage the immune system. Indian preventative and prophylactic medicinal plants recommended by AYUSH ministry for noval virus COVID 19. So in the present study virtue of some herbal drugs are taken which containing various saponine present in it. It has Virucidal properties of Some saponins and sapogenins are competent to deactivating viruses and might be act as Mucoadhesive agent because Mucoadhesive drug delivery (MDD) system is one of the very important restrictive steps for nasal drug delivery, because it decreases the time allowed for drug absorption. So these MDD improving the nasal drug absorption in time period and also prolonging the contact time between nasal mucosa and drug. Mucoadhesion represents the attachment of the drug delivery to the mucus, involving an interaction between mucin and a synthetic or natural polymer known as mucoadhesive.
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15

Southon, Susan, A. J. A. Wright, K. R. Price, S. J. Fairweather-Tait, and G. R. Fenwick. "The effect of three types of saponin on iron and zinc absorption from a single meal in the rat." British Journal of Nutrition 59, no. 3 (May 1988): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19880048.

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1. Iron and zinc retentions in young male rats, given 3 g starch–sucrose paste containing 120 μg Fe as FeSO4or 139 μg Zn as ZnC12(extrinsically labelled with59Fe or65Zn) and increasing amounts ofGypsophilasaponins, were measured by whole-body counting. The results were compared with whole-body Fe and Zn retention from a meal containing crude or purified saponin fractions. In a separate experiment Fe retention from a meal containingGypsophilasaponins, soyasaponin I, or saponins extracted from lucerne (Medicago sativa) plant tops, was measured in older rats.2. Results indicated that Fe absorption decreased with increasing concentration ofGypsophilasaponins. This was significant at a saponin: Fe molar value of approximately 1, with maximum effect occurring at molar ratios of 4 and above, when Fe absorption was reduced by approximately 17%.Gypsophilasaponins had no effect on Zn absorption from a test meal.3. Fe absorption was similar in groups given purified or crudeGypsophilasaponins at the same saponin: mineral molar value of 8, demonstrating that the ‘non-saponin’ fraction of the commercial preparation does not affect the absorption of this mineral.4. Saponins extracted from lucerne plant tops, fed at a saponin:Fe value of approximately 8, also reduced Fe absorption from a single meal. Fe absorption from a meal containing a similar amount of soyasaponin I was not significantly different from controls.5. These results indicate that some dietary saponins may reduce Fe absorption and hence have an adverse effect on Fe status in man and simple-stomached animals.
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16

van der Haar, A. W. "Untersuchungen über die Saponine und Verwandte Körper. XV. ueber das Aescigenin." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 45, no. 4 (September 3, 2010): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19260450409.

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17

van der Haar, A. W. "Untersuchungen über die Saponine und Verwandte Körper. XVI. über das Hederagenin." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 46, no. 1 (September 3, 2010): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19270460106.

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18

Oakenfull, DG. "Aggregation of Saponins and Bile Acids in Aqueous Solution." Australian Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 10 (1986): 1671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9861671.

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Light scattering, viscometry , fluorescence spectroscopy, electron microscopy and equilibrium dialysis have been used to study the aggregates formed by the interactions of saponins and bile acids in aqueous solution. Purified saponins from three plant sources were used: commercial 'saponin white' (from Saponaria officinalis), quillaia saponin (from Quillaia saponaria), and saponin from soya beans. Alone, the saponins formed small micelles, dimers in the case of saponin white and soya saponin , and larger aggregates of about 50 molecules for quillaia saponin . With bile acids, the saponins formed large mixed micelles. The size and structure of these depended on the chemical structure of the saponin . Saponin white and quillaia saponin gave filamentous structures with the hydrophobic triterpene groups of the saponin forming elongated stacks interleaved with bile acid anions. Soya saponin formed very different micelles with bile acids. These had a loose, open structure with considerable interpenetration of water. These results help to explain the increased faecal excretion of bile acids which has been observed in response to foods rich in saponins.
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19

van der Haar, A. W. "Untersuchungen Über die Saponine und Verwandte Körper: Zehnte Mitteilung: Über das Urson." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 43, no. 5 (September 3, 2010): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19240430509.

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20

Kim, Jin-Ik, Nandintsetseg Narantuya, Yong-Won Choi, Dae-Ook Kang, Dong-Wan Kim, Kyoung Lee, Sung-Ryong Ko, and Ja-Young Moon. "Prototypes of Panaxadiol and Panaxatriol Saponins Suppress LPS-mediated iNOS/NO Production in RAW264.7 Murine Macrophage Cells." Journal of Life Science 26, no. 12 (December 30, 2016): 1422–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2016.26.12.1422.

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21

Kartika, Irma Ratna, Muktiningsih Muktiningsih, and Fera Kurniadewi. "PENGARUH EKSTRAK METANOL KULIT BUAH JENGKOL TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH MENCIT." JRSKT - Jurnal Riset Sains dan Kimia Terapan 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2011): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jrskt.011.03.

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The study aim is to investigate the phytochemical profile and the effect of methanol extract of Jengkol [Pithecellobium jiringa (Jack) Prain ex King] (Leguminoceae) on reduction of glucose blood sugar level of mice (Mus musculus L.) strain DDY. A 870 g of dried Jengkol from Cipayung was macerated with methanol in order to get dried methanol extract (12,75 g). Meanwhile, phytochemical screening of the extract gave the information that the extract contained phenolic, flavanoid, steroid and saponine compounds. A TLC chromatogram indicated that methanol extract contained five phenolic compounds, seven flavonoid compounds and six mixtures of steroid and saponine compounds. The results showed that the extract of 450 mg/kg BW was able to lower glucose blood level as much as 66,67% more effective than other extract dosages (300 mg/kg BW, 600 mg/kg BW and 750 mg/kg BW) and the control drugs (Amaryl® 0,02 mg/kg BW, Glucobay® 1 mg/kg BW and Glucophage® 10 mg/kg BW). The maximum decrease of glucose level had been reach at day 14 of observation after administration of extracts or drugs. Hyperglycemic mice by glucose induced can be identified as animal model of type 2 diabetes due to unhealthy and unbalanced eating habit. Hence based on experiment outcome above, it can be concluded that extract dosage of 450 mg/kg BW has function as oral anti diabetic drug of type 2 diabetes. Keywords: hyperglycemia, Amaryl, Glucobay, Glucophage, diabetes, methanol extract Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil fitokimia dan pengaruh dosis ekstrak metanol kulit buah Jengkol [Pithecellobium jiringa (Jack) Prain ex King] (Leguminoceae) terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit (Mus Musculus L.) strain DDY dengan waktu pengamatan yang berbeda.Sebanyak 870 g jengkol dari Cipayung yang sudah dikeringkan, dimaserasi dengan pelarut metanol sehingga diperoleh ekstrak metanol kering (12,75 g). Sementara, hasil uji fitokimia memberikan informasi bahwa kulit buah jengkol mengandung senyawa kimia golongan fenolik, flavonoid, steroid, dan saponin. Hasil kromatogram dari KLT menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol kulit buah jengkol mengandung 5 noda yang teridentifikasi sebagai senyawa fenolik, 7 noda yang teridentifikasi sebagai senyawa flavonoid, dan 6 noda yang teridentifikasi sebagai senyawa steroid dan saponin. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa ekstrak jengkol dosis 450 mg/kg BB mampu menurunkan kadar glukosa darah sebesar 66,67% lebih efektif dibanding ekstrak dosis lain (300 mg/kg BB, 600 mg/kg BB dan 750 mg/kg BB) dan kontrol obat (Amaryl® 0,02 mg/kg BB, Glucobay® 1 mg/kg BB dan Glucophage® 10 mg/kg BB). Penurunan kadar glukosa secara maksimum terjadi pada waktu pengamatan hari ke-14 setelah pemberian ekstrak atau obat. Mencit yang dibuat hiperglikemia dengan cara diberi glukosa berlebih setiap hari, dapat dijadikan sebagai model hewan yang mengalami diabetes tipe 2 karena pola makanan yang tidak sehat dan seimbang. Oleh karena itu berdasarkan hasil percobaan di atas dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa dosis 450 mg/kg BB dapat berfungsi sebagai obat antidiabetes oral tipe 2. Kata Kunci: hiperglikemia, Amaryl®, Glucobay®, Glucophage®, diabetes, ekstrak metanol
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22

Nhat Linh, Nguyen Thi, Nguyen Hoang Loc, and Duong Tan Nhut. "APPLICATION OF ELICITOR FOR PRODUCTION OF SAPONINS FROM IN VITRO PANAX CULTURES." Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 16, no. 2 (December 17, 2018): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/16/2/13430.

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The Panax ginseng species are traditional medicinal herbs having high value. The major pharmacologically active components are the ginsenosides of saponin group, which are dammarane type triterpene glycosides containing a tetracyclic glycose. Ginseng saponin, one of the secondary metabolites, is necessary for the growth and development of Panax genus plants. In pharmaceutical industry, triterpene saponins were purified to produce drugs for its promising healing and restorative properties. However, commercial applications are still obstacle for practical problems, because ginseng natural resources are rarely precious; and ginseng resources from field have low and variable yields dependent on season or quality of soil. Moreover, triterpene saponins have complex structures, making chemical synthesis an economically uncompetitive option for large-scale production. A current alternative optimal solution that is popular in the world is the application of cell and tissue culture to produce a large of cell or root yield in short time. But the difficulty in producing triterpene saponins from in vitro culture is that the triterpene saponin content is much lower than natural. To increase the triterpene saponin content, elicitors are added to the culture medium. Based on the effect of the elicitor, metabolic engineering in vitro is also able to enhance the overexpression of genes which translated enzymes or signals producing saponin in the isoprenoid pathway. Application of elicitor researches could improve triterpene saponin yields or adjust specific desired triterpene saponins from in vitro ginseng culture. Therefore, we review the recent studies of elicitor in Panax genus cultures and saponin biosynthetic gene to study and assess the efficiency of elicitors in triterpene saponin production and metabolic engineering of triterpene saponins.
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23

Mazahery-Laghab, H., B. Yazdi-Samadi, M. Bagheri, and A. R. Bagheri. "Alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) shoot saponins: identification and bio-activity by the assessment of aphid feeding." British Journal of Nutrition 105, no. 1 (September 28, 2010): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510003120.

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Biochemical components in alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.), such as saponins, can act as protecting factors against bio-stresses. Saponins are also antifeedants and show oral toxicity towards higher and lower animals. Changes in saponins, such as variation in the carbon skeleton, or hydrolysis of saponin glycosides and other conjugates, may change their biological effects. The aims of this research were to study saponin variation in different growth stages of alfalfa and to investigate the biological role of saponins in the spotted alfalfa aphid,Therioaphis maculata. Saponins from alfalfa shoots in different growth stages were extracted, chemically purified and analysed by TLC. Specific saponins such as soyasaponin1 from root and shoot and two bisdesmosides of medicagenic acid, one from shoot and another from root tissues, were identified using reference compounds allowing changes in saponin composition during plant development in different shoot tissues of alfalfa to be assessed. The response of the alfalfa aphid to feeding on alfalfa in different growth stages was studied. No significant difference in the survival of aphids, from neonate to adult, was observed, but due to the antibiotic effects of saponins, two differences were found in the onset of nymph production and cumulative nymph production. The results show that the saponin composition in alfalfa changes with plant development and this, in turn, can often negatively affect the development of specific insect pests such as the spotted alfalfa aphid, suggesting a possible biological role of alfalfa saponins.
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24

Bonilla, H., Y. Carbajal, M. Gonzales, V. Vásquez, and A. López. "Determination of the insecticide activity of the saponine of the quinua (Chenopodium quinoa) in larvas of Drosophila melanogaster." Scientia Agropecuaria 10, no. 1 (March 29, 2019): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2019.01.04.

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25

Katselis, Georgios S., Alberto Estrada, Dennis K. J. Gorecki, and Branka Barl. "Adjuvant activities of saponins from the root of Polygala senega L.This article is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue (part 2 of 2) on the Safety and Efficacy of Natural Health Products." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 85, no. 11 (November 2007): 1184–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y07-109.

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Eight pure triterpenoid saponin compounds isolated from the root of Polygala senega L., a plant indigenous to the Canadian prairies, were evaluated for their immunological activity in mouse models. The specific antibody responses of the IgG2a subclass increased significantly when isolated P. senega saponins were used as adjuvants in the immunization of mice with OVA antigen. In addition, increased IL-2 levels were observed in spleen cell cultures from P. senega saponin-immunized mice after in vitro secondary antigen stimulation. The saponins were tested for their toxicity in mice by using a haemolytic activity assay and found to be less toxic than Quillaja saponaria saponins that have long been used as adjuvants in vaccine formulations. This study has shown the potential of P. senega saponins to be considered as a natural source of vaccine adjuvants with biological activity equivalent to the current commercially available saponin adjuvants.
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26

Ehmke, Adelheid. "An Inducible Saponine Cleaving Glycosidase from Fusarium and its Application to the Production of Solasodine." Planta Medica 52, no. 06 (December 1986): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-969277.

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27

Juang, Yu-Pu, and Pi-Hui Liang. "Biological and Pharmacological Effects of Synthetic Saponins." Molecules 25, no. 21 (October 27, 2020): 4974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25214974.

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Saponins are amphiphilic molecules consisting of carbohydrate and either triterpenoid or steroid aglycone moieties and are noted for their multiple biological activities—Fungicidal, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects have all been observed. Saponins from natural sources have long been used in herbal and traditional medicines; however, the isolation of complexed saponins from nature is difficult and laborious, due to the scarce amount and structure heterogeneity. Chemical synthesis is considered a powerful tool to expand the structural diversity of saponin, leading to the discovery of promising compounds. This review focuses on recent developments in the structure optimization and biological evaluation of synthetic triterpenoid and steroid saponin derivatives. By summarizing the structure–activity relationship (SAR) results, we hope to provide the direction for future development of saponin-based bioactive compounds.
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28

Górecki, Piotr M., and Marian Jurzysta. "Calcium-Magnesium salt of saponins from bird's foot trefoil seeds (Lotus corniculatus L.)." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 44, no. 1 (2015): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1975.006.

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A calcium-magnesium salt of saponins was isolated from bird's foot trefoil seeds with a yield of 0.04%. The salt contained: 1.37% - Ca and 0.04% - Mg. The saponin salts were deionized on IR-120 Amberlite and free crystalline saponin was obtained. In both cases the presence of one major component and of three trace ones was found, using TLC. In acid hydrolysates of the saponin salts and of the free saponin the following sugars were identified: rhamaose, xylose, glucose, galactose, glucuronic acid. From among aglycones soyasapogenols B, C, traces of E, and of one unidentified in both cases were found. The Ca-Mg salt obtained seems to be a natural form of saponins in bird's foot trefoil seeds.
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Pandya, Archis, Björn Thiele, Andres Zurita-Silva, Björn Usadel, and Fabio Fiorani. "Determination and Metabolite Profiling of Mixtures of Triterpenoid Saponins from Seeds of Chilean Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) Germplasm." Agronomy 11, no. 9 (September 17, 2021): 1867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091867.

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The seed pericarp of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. (quinoa) contains a mixture of triterpenoid saponins conferring undesired organoleptic properties. In this study, we evaluated saponin content and their corresponding sapogenins in 114 different quinoa accessions. Relative saponin content ranged from 0.22 to 15.04 mg/g of seed dry weight among the genotypes studied and the genotype effect was significant (p < 0.001). About 75% of the genotypes could be classified as low-saponin content lines which is promising in view of ongoing plant breeding efforts. In addition to the quantitative determination of saponins, metabolic profiling was performed by LC-FTICR-MS and LC-MS/MS. We obtained highly accurate mass estimation from ion spectra allowing the identification of twelve saponins of the oleanane type. These differ in their aglycons and in the number and type of glycoside units. Interestingly, we identified a saponin compound that, to our knowledge, had not been reported previously. Our study highlights that there is considerable variability concerning saponin content in quinoa, which contributes to the valorization of genetic resources towards the identification of genotypes that could be utilized in current and future quinoa breeding programs.
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30

Elekofehinti, Olusola Olalekan, Opeyemi Iwaloye, Femi Olawale, and Esther Opeyemi Ariyo. "Saponins in Cancer Treatment: Current Progress and Future Prospects." Pathophysiology 28, no. 2 (June 5, 2021): 250–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology28020017.

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Saponins are steroidal or triterpenoid glycoside that is distinguished by the soap-forming nature. Different saponins have been characterized and purified and are gaining attention in cancer chemotherapy. Saponins possess high structural diversity, which is linked to the anticancer activities. Several studies have reported the role of saponins in cancer and the mechanism of actions, including cell-cycle arrest, antioxidant activity, cellular invasion inhibition, induction of apoptosis and autophagy. Despite the extensive research and significant anticancer effects of saponins, there are currently no known FDA-approved saponin-based anticancer drugs. This can be attributed to a number of limitations, including toxicities and drug-likeness properties. Recent studies have explored options such as combination therapy and drug delivery systems to ensure increased efficacy and decreased toxicity in saponin. This review discusses the current knowledge on different saponins, their anticancer activity and mechanisms of action, as well as promising research within the last two decades and recommendations for future studies.
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31

Arabski, Michał, Aneta Węgierek-Ciuk, Grzegorz Czerwonka, Anna Lankoff, and Wiesław Kaca. "Effects of Saponins against ClinicalE. coliStrains and Eukaryotic Cell Line." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/286216.

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Saponins are detergent-like substances showing antibacterial as well as anticancer potential. In this study, the effects of saponins fromQuillaja saponariawere analyzed against prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Multidrug-resistant clinicalE. colistrains were isolated from human urine. As eukaryotic cells, the CHO-K1 cell lines were applied. Antibacterial effect of ampicillin, streptomycin, and ciprofloxacin in the presence of saponins was measured by cultivation methods. Properties of saponins against CHO-K1 cells were measured by the MTT test, hemolysis assay and flow cytometry. Saponin fromQuillaja saponariahas a cytotoxic effect at concentrations higher than 25 μg/mL and in the range of 12–50 μg/mL significantly increases the level of early apoptotic cells. Saponin at dose of 12 μg/mL enhances the sixE. colistrains growth. We postulate that saponins increase the influx of nutrients from the medium intoE. colicells. Saponins do not have synergetic effects on antibacterial action of tested antibiotics. In contrary, in the presence of saponins and antibiotics, more CFU/mLE. colicells were observed. This effect was similar to saponins action alone towardsE. colicells. In conclusion, saponins was cytotoxic against CHO-K1 cells, whereas againstE. colicells this effect was not observed.
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32

Mathison, G. W., R. Soofi-Siawash, P. T. Klita, E. K. Okine, and G. Sedgwick. "Degradability of alfalfa saponins in the digestive tract of sheep and their rate of accumulation in rumen fluid." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 79, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a98-044.

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Two experiments were conducted to examine the fate of alfalfa saponins in the digestive tract of sheep. In the first experiment 14.4 or 28.8 g saponins were administered intraruminally daily, which provided 62 and 78% of the total saponin entering the rumen. Degradabilities of the saponins in the total digestive tract were 96.0 and 97.9% (P = 0.13), respectively, but no attempt was made to determine how closely the products of degradation were related to the original molecules. In the second experiment, the rate of release of saponins from alfalfa into rumen fluid was measured in the presence and absence of viable bacteria. When no viable bacteria were present 74% of the saponins in the alfalfa appeared in rumen fluid after 8 h of incubation and this amount was unchanged at 24 h. Rate of release did not follow first order kinetics, rather an amount equivalent to approximately 8% of the original saponin concentration accumulated in the fluid each hour over the 8-h period. After 4 h, saponin concentrations in rumen fluid were decreased in the presence of viable bacteria indicating microbial metabolism was occurring. Final accumulation of saponins in the rumen fluid after 24 h incubation was 62% of that originally present in alfalfa samples when viable bacteria were present. It was concluded that saponins were rapidly released into rumen fluid and extensively degraded in the digestive tract. The implications of these observations on ruminant bloat are discussed. Key words: Alfalfa, saponins, digestibility, bloat, rumen fluid, bacteria
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CUTTER, CATHERINE N. "Combination Spray Washes of Saponin with Water or Acetic Acid to Reduce Aerobic and Pathogenic Bacteria on Lean Beef Surfaces†." Journal of Food Protection 62, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-62.3.280.

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Saponins are naturally occurring compounds known as triterpenoid glycosides found in a variety of plant species. Saponins are approved for use in the food industry as foaming agents. When combined with water or organic acid in spray treatments, saponins' foaming property may improve carcass decontamination. In the first experiment of this study, lean beef carcass surfaces were experimentally inoculated with a fecal slurry containing antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium. Spray-washing treatments with 1% saponin followed by a water wash, or 1% saponin followed by 2% acetic acid, were more effective for reducing aerobic bacteria than saponin, water, or 2% acetic acid washes alone. However, 1% saponin followed by a either a water or 2% acetic acid wash was no more effective than a 2% acetic acid wash for reducing populations of E. coli O157:H7 or Salmonella Typhimurium. In the second experiment, experimentally inoculated beef surfaces were subjected to spray treatments with water followed by another water wash, water followed by a 2% acetic acid wash, 1% saponin followed by a water wash, or 1% saponin followed by a 2% acetic acid wash. When examined for effectiveness against all bacterial populations, 1% saponin followed by a water wash and 1% saponin followed by a 2% acetic acid wash were as effective as two water washes or a water wash followed by 2% acetic acid for reducing aerobic bacteria, E. coli O157:H7, and Salmonella Typhimurium from beef surfaces. Under the conditions described, reductions associated with combination spray washes may be attributed to the physical removal of bacteria during the spraying process, not to any specific action of saponin.
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Hassan, Sherif M., Eid A. Moussa, and Louise C. Abbott. "Effects of Quillaja Saponin (Quillaja saponaria) on Early Embryonic Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Development." International Journal of Toxicology 27, no. 3 (May 2008): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10915810802152129.

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Although much attention has focused on environmental contamination by heavy metals, pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls, potential deleterious effects of naturally occurring organic compounds have received much less consideration. Saponins, which are glycosides found in many plants, are important, environmentally ubiquitous organic compounds. Saponins have both beneficial and deleterious effects in adults, but little is known about how saponins effect early vertebrate embryonic development. The authors tested the toxicity of quillaja saponin using a zebrafish embryo assay. Quillaja saponin, extracted from bark of the tree, Quillaja saponaria, is a common foaming agent used in foods and beverages. At 6 h post fertilization, zebrafish embryos were exposed to five concentrations (0 [negative control], 1, 5, 10 or 20 μg) of quillaja saponin per milliliter of medium. Zebrafish embryos exposed to 2% ethanol were positive controls (100% embryonic death). Embryos were assessed at 30, 54, and 72 h post fertilization for changes in embryonic development, mortality, time of hatching, and morphological deformities. Embryos exposed to 1 and 5 μg saponin were healthy, showed no obvious deformities, but exhibited shrinkage of the chorion. Hatching time for zebrafish embryos exposed to 1 and 5 μg/ml saponin decreased by 18 h compared to unexposed embryos. Zebrafish embryos treated with 5 μg/ml saponin responded less to touch than embryos treated with 1 μg/ml saponin or controls. Zebrafish embryos exposed to more than 5 μg/ml saponin exhibited 100% embryonic mortality. These results indicate that exposure to 5 μg/ml or less of quillaja saponin acts as a growth promoter, whereas concentrations of 10 μg/ml or greater are lethal.
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Colson, Emmanuel, Philippe Savarino, Emily J.S. Claereboudt, Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas, Magali Deleu, Laurence Lins, Igor Eeckhaut, Patrick Flammang, and Pascal Gerbaux. "Enhancing the Membranolytic Activity of Chenopodium quinoa Saponins by Fast Microwave Hydrolysis." Molecules 25, no. 7 (April 9, 2020): 1731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071731.

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Saponins are plant secondary metabolites. There are associated with defensive roles due to their cytotoxicity and are active against microorganisms. Saponins are frequently targeted to develop efficient drugs. Plant biomass containing saponins deserves sustained interest to develop high-added value applications. A key issue when considering the use of saponins for human healthcare is their toxicity that must be modulated before envisaging any biomedical application. This can only go through understanding the saponin-membrane interactions. Quinoa is abundantly consumed worldwide, but the quinoa husk is discarded due to its astringent taste associated with its saponin content. Here, we focus on the saponins of the quinoa husk extract (QE). We qualitatively and quantitively characterized the QE saponins using mass spectrometry. They are bidesmosidic molecules, with two oligosaccharidic chains appended on the aglycone with two different linkages; a glycosidic bond and an ester function. The latter can be hydrolyzed to prepare monodesmosidic molecules. The microwave-assisted hydrolysis reaction was optimized to produce monodesmosidic saponins. The membranolytic activity of the saponins was assayed based on their hemolytic activity that was shown to be drastically increased upon hydrolysis. In silico investigations confirmed that the monodesmosidic saponins interact preferentially with a model phospholipid bilayer, explaining the measured increased hemolytic activity.
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36

Abdullah, Wiwin, Max Revolta J. Runtuwene, and Vanda Selvana Kamu. "UJI FITOKIMIA DAN PENENTUAN Inhibition Concentration 50% PADA BEBERAPA TUMBUHAN OBAT DI PULAU TIDORE." JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS 14, no. 2 (October 15, 2014): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jis.14.2.2014.6063.

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ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui senyawa aktif yang terkandung melalui pengujian fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidan pada tumbuhan obat di pulau Tidore. Uji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH dilanjutkan dengan perhitungan Inhibition Concentration 50% (IC50). Hasil yang diperoleh adalah biji buah mojoi terkandung senyawa alkaloid dan saponin, buah coro terkandung alkaloid, flavonoid, dan saponin, pada daun ofo terkandung alkaloid, tanin, flavonoid, steroid, dan saponin dan pada rimpang kuso mafola terkandung alkaloid, tanin, flavonoid, steroid, dan saponin. Nilai IC50 sebagai berikut biji rimpang kuso mafola 37,30 ppm, buah coro 250,17 ppm, daun ofo 976,10 ppm dan buah mojoi 1001, 07 ppm. Kata kunci :Tumbuhan obat, DPPH, antioksidan dan uji fitokimia. PHYTOCHEMICALS TEST AND DETERMINATION Inhibition Concentration 50% ON SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE TIDORE ISLAND ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine the active compounds contained in an assessment of phytochemical and antioxidant activity in the medicinal plants of Tidore island. The test antioxidant activity was used DPPH method. In the test results to the phytochemical , that mojoi fruit seeds contained alkaloids and saponins, fruit coro (alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins), ofo leaves (alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, and saponins) and ethanol extract of rhizome kusomafola (alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, and saponins. In calculation of IC50 values ​​for rhizome kusomafola 37.30 ppm, 250.17 ppm coro fruit, 976.10 ppm ofo leaf extract, and fruit seed extract mojoi 1001.07 ppm. Keywords: Medicinal plants, DPPH, antioxidant and phytochemical test.
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Ikenaga, Toshihiko, Seiji Kikuta, Miyuki Kistuki, Midori Yamada, and Kenichiro Nakashima. "Production of Steroid Saponin in Grafts: Solarium aculeatissimum and Lycopersicon esculentum." HortScience 25, no. 12 (December 1990): 1657–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.12.1657.

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Solarium aculeatissimum Jacq. contains the steroid saponins aculeatiside A and aculeatiside B at high levels in the root, whereas they are lacking in all organs of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). We examined the site of synthesis of these steroid saponins by using grafts between S. aculeatissimum and tomato plants. When S. aculeatissimum was grafted onto a stock of tomato (S.a./Tom.), a small amount of steroid saponin was found in the leaves and the stem of S. aculeatissimum but not in the roots of the tomato. However, when tomato was grafted onto stocks of S. aculeatissimum (Tom. /S.a.), steroid saponin occurred only in the roots of S. aculeatissimum. These results suggest that the steroid saponins are mainly synthesized in the roots of S. aculeatissimum. The lack of transport of steroid saponins from the roots of S. aculeatissirnum to the leaves and stem of the tomato remains unexplained.
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38

Yang, Haifeng, Xiaolan Chen, Chunmao Jiang, Kongwang He, and Yiyi Hu. "Antiviral and immunoregulatory role against PCV2 in vivo of Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients." Journal of Veterinary Research 61, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jvetres-2017-0062.

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AbstractIntroduction: The aim of the research was to investigate the antiviral and immunoregulatory effects of saikosaponin A, saikosaponin D, Panax notoginseng saponins, notoginsenoside R1, and anemoside B4 saponins commonly found in Chinese herbal medicines.Material and Methods: control mice were challenged intramuscularly (im) with 0.2 mL of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) solution containing 107 TCID50 of the virus/mL. Mice of high-, middle-, and low-dose saponin groups were initially challenged im with 0.2 mL of PCV2 solution and three days later treated intraperitoneally (ip) with one of five saponins at one of three doses (10, 5, or 1 mg/kg b.w.). In the drug control group, mice were dosed ip with 10 mg/kg b.w. of a given saponin, and mice in a blank control group were administered the same volume of normal saline.Results: The results revealed that the saponins could reduce the incidence and severity of PCV2-induced immunopathological damage, e.g. body temperature elevation, weight loss, anaemia, and internal organ swelling. In addition, it was seen that the saponins could affect the immunoglobulin levels and protein absorption.Conclusion: The data suggested that the saponins might effectively regulate immune responses.
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39

Sidhu, G. S., and D. G. Oakenfull. "A mechanism for the hypocholesterolaemic activity of saponins." British Journal of Nutrition 55, no. 3 (May 1986): 643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19860070.

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1. Saponins are steroid or triterpene glycosides which occur in a number of important food plants, including such staples as soya beans (Glycine max) and chickpeas (Cicer arietinurn). They are known to be hypocholesterolaemic.2. Some saponins form an insoluble complex with cholesterol which prevents its absorption from the small intestine. Others cause an increase in the faecal excretion of bile acids, an indirect route for elimination of cholesterol.3. We have investigated the effects of different saponins on absorption of the bile salt sodium cholate from perfused loops of small intestine, in vivo, in the rat. Purified saponins from soapwort (Suponaria Officinalis), soya beans and quillaia (Quillata suponaria) reduced the rate of absorption of the bile salt; soya-bean and soapwort saponins substantially so but quillaia saponin to a much lesser extent.4. These results were explained by the formation of large mixed micelles by bile acid and saponin molecules in aqueous solution. These aggregates can have molecular weights in excess of 106 daltons, consequently the bile acid molecules incorporated in them are not available for absorption.5. Control of plasma cholesterol and nutrient absorption through dietary saponins could provide substantial health and nutritional benefits in humans.
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40

Wu, Xuejin, Lingyan Jia, Jiafan Wu, Yawen Liu, Hyunuk Kang, Xiaobo Liu, Pan Li, Puming He, Youying Tu, and Bo Li. "Simultaneous Determination and Quantification of Triterpene Saponins from Camellia sinensis Seeds Using UPLC-PDA-QTOF-MS/MS." Molecules 24, no. 20 (October 22, 2019): 3794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24203794.

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Saponins in the Camellia sinensis seeds have a broad spectrum of biological properties and application potentials. However, up to now, no chromatographic methods have been developed to provide full fingerprinting and quality assurance for these saponins. This research aimed to develop a novel method to tentatively identify and quantify saponins in C. sinensis seeds by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photo-diode array detector and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-QTOF-MS/MS), and compare it with the classic vanillin-sulfuric acid assay. Fifty-one triterpene saponins, including six potentially new compounds, were simultaneously detected by UPLC-PDA-MS/MS, and their chemical structures were speculated according to the retention behavior and fragmentation pattern. The total saponin content in the crude extract and the purified saponin fraction of C. sinensis seeds were quantified to be 19.57 ± 0.05% (wt %) and 41.68 ± 0.09% (wt %) respectively by UPLC-PDA at 210 nm, while the corresponding values were determined to be 43.11 ± 3.17% (wt %) and 56.60 ± 5.79% (wt %) respectively by the vanillin-sulfuric acid assay. The developed UPLC-PDA -MS/MS method could determine specified saponins, and is more reliable for quantifying the C. sinensis seed saponins than the classic spectrophotometric method. It is of great significance for the future investigations and applications of these saponins.
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41

Tava, Aldo, and Luciano Pecetti. "Chemical Investigation of Saponins from Twelve Annual Medicago Species and their Bioassay with the Brine Shrimp Artemia salina." Natural Product Communications 7, no. 7 (July 2012): 1934578X1200700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1200700708.

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The saponin and sapogenin composition of the aerial growth of 12 annual Medicago species sampled at full senescence were investigated. Saponins were extracted from the plant material and obtained in a highly pure grade by reverse-phase chromatography, with a yield ranging from 0.38 ± 0.04% to 1.35 ± 0.08% dry matter, depending on the species. Sapogenins were then obtained after acid hydrolysis of saponins, and evaluated by GC/FID and GC/MS methods. Different compositions of the aglycone moieties were observed in the 12 Medicago species. Medicagenic acid was the dominant aglycone in M. × blancheana, M. doliata, M. littoralis, M. rotata, M. rugosa, M. scutellata, M. tornata and M. truncatula, bayogenin and hederagenin in M. arabica and M. rigidula, echinocystic acid in M. polymorpha, and soyasapogenol B in M. aculeata. The purified saponin mixtures, characterized by different chemical compositions, were then used in a toxicity test using the brine shrimp Artemia salina. The most active compounds were the saponins from M. arabica and M. rigidula with LD50 values of 10.1 and 4.6 μg/mL, respectively. A structure-activity relationship for the tested saponin mixtures was observed.
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42

Wang, Feng, Jeong-Su Park, Yuanqiang Ma, Hwan Ma, Yeo-Jin Lee, Gyu-Rim Lee, Hwan-Soo Yoo, Jin-Tae Hong, and Yoon-Seok Roh. "Ginseng Saponin Enriched in Rh1 and Rg2 Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Inhibiting Inflammasome Activation." Nutrients 13, no. 3 (March 5, 2021): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030856.

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming one of the most common chronic liver diseases in the world. One of the features of NAFLD is hepatic fat accumulation, which further causes hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and inflammation. Saponins, the major pharmacologically active ingredients isolated from Panax notoginseng, contain several ginsenosides, which have various pharmacological and therapeutic functions. However, the ginsenoside-specific molecular mechanism of saponins in NAFLD remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of ginseng saponin extract and its ginsenosides on hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and inflammation and their underlying action mechanism in NAFLD. Mice were fed a fast food diet (FFD) for 16 weeks to induce NAFLD and then treated with saponin extract (50 or 150 mg/kg) for the remaining nine weeks to determine the effects of saponin on NAFLD. Saponin extract administration significantly alleviated FFD-induced hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and inflammation. Particularly, saponin extract, compared with conventional red ginseng, contained significantly increased amounts of ginsenosides (Rh1 (10.34-fold) and Rg2 (7.1-fold)). In vitro Rh1 and Rg2 treatments exerted an anti-steatotic effect in primary hepatocytes, an antifibrotic effect in hepatic stellate cells, and anti-inflammatory and pro-mitophagy effects in immortalized mouse Kupffer cells. Mechanistically, saponin extract alleviated lipopolysaccharide-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by promoting mitophagy. In conclusion, saponin extract inhibited inflammation-mediated pathological inflammasome activation in macrophages, thereby preventing NAFLD development. Thus, saponin extract administration may be an alternative method for NAFLD prevention.
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Mimaki, Yoshihiro, Tsukasa Aoki, Maki Jitsuno, Akihito Yokosuka, Ceyda Sibel Kiliç, and Maksut Coşkun. "Steroidal Saponins from the Rhizomes of Ruscus Hypophyllum." Natural Product Communications 3, no. 10 (October 2008): 1934578X0800301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0800301018.

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Phytochemical screening of the rhizomes of Ruscus hypophyllum (Liliaceae) has resulted in the isolation of five spirostanol saponins (1-5) including a new saponin (4) and nine furostanol saponins (6–14) including three new saponins (9–11), together with a known cholestane glycoside (15) and a new cholestane glycoside (16). The structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 2D NMR data, and chemical evidence. The spirostanol saponins 1, 2, and 5 showed moderate cytotoxic activity against HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells.
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Girard, Michel, Jacqueline Bélanger, John W. ApSimon, François-Xavier Garneau, Christian Harvey, and Jean-Robert Brisson. "Frondoside A. A novel triterpene glycoside from the holothurian Cucumariafrondosa." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 68, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v90-003.

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The isolation and characterization of a novel triterpene glycoside from the sea cucumber Cucumariafrondosa, collected from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, are described. Physico-chemical data obtained on the underivatized saponin are presented in support of structure 1 for frondoside A. The structure is characterized by the presence of a branched oligosaccharidic chain composed of five units. The holostane-type aglycone features an endocyclic double bond at position C-7,8 and a β-acetoxy group at C-16. Keywords: triterpene glycoside; Cucumariafrondosa saponins; saponins, triterpene from holothurians; holothurian saponins; echinoderm triterpene saponins.
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Bahrami, Yadollah, Wei Zhang, and Christopher M. M. Franco. "Distribution of Saponins in the Sea Cucumber Holothuria lessoni; the Body Wall Versus the Viscera, and Their Biological Activities." Marine Drugs 16, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16110423.

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Sea cucumbers are an important ingredient of traditional folk medicine in many Asian countries, which are well-known for their medicinal, nutraceutical, and food values due to producing an impressive range of distinctive natural bioactive compounds. Triterpene glycosides are the most abundant and prime secondary metabolites reported in this species. They possess numerous biological activities ranging from anti-tumour, wound healing, hypolipidemia, pain relieving, the improvement of nonalcoholic fatty livers, anti-hyperuricemia, the induction of bone marrow hematopoiesis, anti-hypertension, and cosmetics and anti-ageing properties. This study was designed to purify and elucidate the structure of saponin contents of the body wall of sea cucumber Holothuria lessoni and to compare the distribution of saponins of the body wall with that of the viscera. The body wall was extracted with 70% ethanol, and purified by a liquid-liquid partition chromatography, followed by isobutanol extraction. A high-performance centrifugal partition chromatography (HPCPC) was conducted on the saponin-enriched mixture to obtain saponins with a high purity. The resultant purified saponins were analyzed using MALDI-MS/MS and ESI-MS/MS. The integrated and hyphenated MS and HPCPC analyses revealed the presence of 89 saponin congeners, including 35 new and 54 known saponins, in the body wall in which the majority of glycosides are of the holostane type. As a result, and in conjunction with existing literature, the structure of four novel acetylated saponins, namely lessoniosides H, I, J, and K were characterized. The identified triterpene glycosides showed potent antifungal activities against tested fungi, but had no antibacterial effects on the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. The presence of a wide range of saponins with potential applications is promising for cosmeceutical, medicinal, and pharmaceutical products to improve human health.
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Minarno, Eko Budi. "ANALISIS KANDUNGAN SAPONIN PADA DAUN DAN TANGKAI DAUN Carica pubescens Lenne & K. Koch." el–Hayah 5, no. 4 (May 17, 2016): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/elha.v5i4.3470.

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<p><em>Carica pubescens Lenne &amp; K. Koch is a tropical species that adapt to the plateau environment and low temperatures. In East Java, the plant is found in Cangar and Bromo region. Morphological, chemical content, and analysis of protein banding pattern on C. pubescens has been done, but more on the analysis of active compounds for pharmaceutical raw materials and its accumulation in the body of the plant has not been widely studied. Saponins on C. pubescens potential as a raw material of natural medicine in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). This study aims to determine the content of saponin in leaf and petiole of C. pubescens in terms of absorbance values. Saponins were analyzed by qualitative form the foam test, color test, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) analytical and preparative. Quantitative test in the form of UV-Vis spectrophotometry results preparative TLC. This research was done at the Laboratory of Department of Biology and Chemistry UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. The results showed that the leaf and petiole of C. pubescens positive for the saponins with the formation of stable foam for 60 seconds at 1.5 cm - 1.7 cm. The third positive samples containing saponins triterpene the ring test produces a brownish color. Isolation saponin by TLC shows the best ratio of eluent chloroform: methanol: water (14: 6: 1) compounds can be separated perfectly. Saponin absorbance values obtained three samples as follows: petiole samples from the region Cangar amounted to 0.852, leaf samples from the region Cangar amounted to 0.686, and leaf samples from Bromo region amounted to 0,629. The highest saponins found in organs petiole. Thus the petiole of C. pubescens has the potential to be used as a source of triterpene saponins which can be developed into a commercial herbal medicines.</em></p>
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Akbarizare, Mahboobeh, Hamideh Ofoghi, and Mahnaz Hadizadeh. "In vitroAnticancer Evaluation of Saponins Obtained From Spirulina platensis on MDA, HepG2, and MCF7 Cell Lines." Multidisciplinary Cancer Investigation 3, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30699/acadpub.mci.3.4.25.

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Introduction: Microalgae are known for their bioactive compounds with potential applications as antimicrobial, antiaging, and anticancer activities. Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) is a filamentous and photosynthetic microorganism that has 25 kinds of vitamins and minerals that contain many compounds with biotic activity such as alkaloids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and saponins. Saponins are mainly present in plants; while there are few studies about their role in microalgae. This study aims to investigate the anticancer potential of extracted saponins from S. platensis. Methods: Saponins were extracted; using distilled water and n-butanol. The total extracted saponin was dried and weighed. The cellular viability of HepG2, MCF-7, and MDA- MB-123 cell lines was evaluated; using MTT assay after 24 h treatment with 0.02-2 mg/ ml of saponins extracted from S. platensis. Morphology of cell lines was evaluated by invert microscopy. Results: Total saponin extracted from S. platensis was estimated at 28±0.0005 mg/g dry wt. Thin-layer chromatography profiles showed four bands for saponins with Rf values of 0.44, 0.48, 0.50, and 0.55. The cytotoxic activity after 24 h treatment with 0.02-2 mg/ml of saponins was a concentration-dependent manner. The highest toxicity of saponins with IC50=0.22 mg/ml was observed in MDA-MB-123 cells. In HepG2 and MCF-7 cells IC50 value was obtained in 0.35 mg/ml and 0.4 mg/ml, respectively. Conclusions: This is the first report to evaluate the anticancer effects of saponins from S. platensis in liver and breast cancers. The result showed that saponins from Spirulina decrease cancer cellular viability. Therefore, these compounds can be a candidate for anticancer agents.
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Noviyanty, Yuska Noviyanty, Herlina Herlina, and Cahyan Fazihkun. "IDENTIFICATION AND DETERMINATION OF SAPONIN LEVELS FROM BIDURROT EXTRACT (Calotropis gigantea L) USING GRAVIMETRY METHOD." Journal of Pharmaceutical And Sciences 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.36490/journal-jps.com.v3i2.52.

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Biduri plants (Calotropis gigantea L) are used as medicinal plants, namely as cough and anti-allergic medicines. Research conducted by (Suchita Siggn. 2014) shows the presence of glycoside compounds, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. then the researchers are interested in carrying out research on the identification and determination of saponin levels from the extract of the baby root (Calotropis gigantea L) by the Gravimetri method. Qualitative test was carried out by inserting 500 mg of biduri root extract (Calotropis gigantea L) into a test tube, then adding 10 ml of hot water, shaking vigorously for 10 seconds and adding HCL, then a quantitative test was carried out using the gravimetric method. Based on the results of research that has been carried out the extract of the betel root (Calotropis gigante L) positive containing saponin compounds with saponin content is 2.6% with a weight of 1.16 gram saponins using the gravimetric method
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Noviyanty, Yuska Noviyanty, Herlina Herlina, and Cahyan Fazihkun. "IDENTIFICATION AND DETERMINATION OF SAPONIN LEVELS FROM BIDURROT EXTRACT (Calotropis gigantea L) USING GRAVIMETRY METHOD." Journal of Pharmaceutical And Sciences 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.36490/journal-jps.com.v3i2.52.

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Biduri plants (Calotropis gigantea L) are used as medicinal plants, namely as cough and anti-allergic medicines. Research conducted by (Suchita Siggn. 2014) shows the presence of glycoside compounds, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. then the researchers are interested in carrying out research on the identification and determination of saponin levels from the extract of the baby root (Calotropis gigantea L) by the Gravimetri method. Qualitative test was carried out by inserting 500 mg of biduri root extract (Calotropis gigantea L) into a test tube, then adding 10 ml of hot water, shaking vigorously for 10 seconds and adding HCL, then a quantitative test was carried out using the gravimetric method. Based on the results of research that has been carried out the extract of the betel root (Calotropis gigante L) positive containing saponin compounds with saponin content is 2.6% with a weight of 1.16 gram saponins using the gravimetric method
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50

Wen, Feiyan, Tiezhu Chen, Hongxiang Yin, Juan Lin, and Hao Zhang. "In Vitro Effects on Thrombin of Paris Saponins and In Vivo Hemostatic Activity Evaluation of Paris fargesii var. brevipetala." Molecules 24, no. 7 (April 11, 2019): 1420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071420.

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Abstract:
The resource shortage of Rhizoma Paridis has never been effectively addressed, and the industry continues to search for alternative resources. The in vitro effects on thrombin of Paris saponins and in vivo hemostatic activity of Paris fargesii var. brevipetala (PF) were evaluated in this study. PF is considered to be an alternative source of Rhizoma Paridis (RP). The in vitro incubation experiment was designed to investigate the effects on thrombin activity of Paris saponin H (PS H) and saponin extract in PF. The bleeding time of mouse tail snipping was used to evaluate the in vivo hemostatic effects of Paris saponins. Also, in vivo changes in four blood coagulation parameters in rats after oral administration of different groups of Paris saponins were compared. The effects of Paris saponins on liver function and blood lipid parameters were examined in order to avoid drug-induced liver injury. Activity studies of thrombin after ultra-filtration centrifugation showed that Paris saponins were able to enhance thrombin activity. Ultra performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) analysis results of the substrates led us to speculate that there is a specific binding between Paris saponins and thrombin. PS H and Paris saponins in PF significantly shortened the bleeding time in mice. One pathway by which Paris saponins enhance in vivo blood coagulation is by increasing fibrinogen (FIB), among the four blood coagulation parameters in rats. At the same time, the effects on liver and blood lipid parameters were insignificant. P. fargesii var. brevipetala can be developed as an alternative medicinal source of Rhizoma Paridis.
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