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Journal articles on the topic 'Saponins – Separation'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Jurzysta, Marian, Stanisław Burda, Wiesław Oleszek, Piotr Górski, and Michał Płoszyński. "Studies on Medicago lupulina saponins. 5. Isolation and chemical characterization of blossom saponins." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 56, no. 1 (2014): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1987.011.

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The separation of saponins derived from <em>Medicago lupulina</em> L. flowers yielded two saponin fractions. The first one, made up of crystalline saponins, readily precipitable from water solution, was a mixture of three glycosides of soyasapogenol B. Acid hydrolysis of these saponins yielded soyasapogenol B and its three artifacts: soyasapogenols C. D and F. Xylose, rhamnose, galactose, glucose and glucuronic acid were found as sugar constituents. The second fraction obtained by cholesterol precipitation consisted of seven haemolytically active medicagenic acid glycosides. Their hydrolysis furnished medicagenic acid and glucose, xylose, rhamnose and traces of glucuronic acid.

2

Ruan, Jingya, Lu Qu, Wei Zhao, Chang Gao, Peijian Huang, Dandan Zheng, Lifeng Han, et al. "Identification and Structural Analysis of Spirostanol Saponin from Yucca schidigera by Integrating Silica Gel Column Chromatography and Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Analysis." Molecules 25, no. 17 (August 24, 2020): 3848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25173848.

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Yucca schidigera Roezl (Mojave), a kind of ornamental plant belonging to the Yucca genus (Agavaceae), whose extract exhibits important roles in food, beverage, cosmetic and feed additives owing to its rich spirostanol saponins. To provide a comprehensive chemical profiling of the spirostanol saponins in it, this study was performed by using a multi-phase liquid chromatography method combining a reversed phase chromatography T3 column with a normal phase chromatography silica column for the separation and an ESI-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap MS in positive ion mode as the detector. By comparing the retention time and ion fragments with standards, thirty-one spirostanol saponins were identified. In addition, according to the summary of the chromatographic retention behaviors and the MS/MS cleavage patterns and biosynthetic pathway, another seventy-nine spirostanol saponins were speculatively identified, forty ones of which were potentially new ones. Moreover, ten novel spirostanol saponins (three pairs of (25R/S)-spirostanol saponin isomer mixtures) were targeted for isolation to verify the speculation. Then, the comprehensive chemical profiling of spirostanol saponins from Y. schidigera was reported here firstly.

3

Wang, Yandong, Yafei Guo, Yingli Wang, and Zemin Zhang. "Investigation of the antioxidant capacity of the components of Astragalus after membrane separation." E3S Web of Conferences 185 (2020): 04061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018504061.

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Astragalus is commonly used in health supplements, and its flavonoids and saponins are the important material basis for immune system enhancement. The study on the effective component contents and antioxidant capacities of astragalus extract after membrane separation lays the foundation of the application of membrane separation technology in health supplement development. The astragalus extract was filtered by suction and passed through membranes of 10000 Da, 2500 Da, and 600 Da to obtain retentate 1 (M1), retentate 2 (M2), retentate 3 (M3) and permeate MT. UV/vis spectrophotometer was used to compare the contents of total flavonoids and total saponins before and after each step of membrane separation. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze the contents of Verbasil Glucoside and Astragaloside IV of all membrane separation samples, and the antioxidant activities were determined. The contents of flavonoids in membrane separation samples were significantly different. In the freeze-dried powders obtained from the membrane separation, the contents of total flavonoids and Verbasil Glucoside were the lowest in MT, M1 was the highest, and M3 was the second highest. The order of contents of total saponins and Astragaloside IV of the freeze-dried powders from membrane separation was as follows: M3 > M1 > M2 > MT. Among them, the content of total saponins in the freeze-dried powder of M3 was the highest, which reached 2.67 times of that of the astragalus extract. The order of the scavenging activities of membrane separation samples for DPPH free radical was: MT > M3 > M2 > M1 > astragalus extract. The strongest scavenging activity of hydroxyl free radicals was found in M3, and the scavenging rates of hydroxyl free radicals in all samples were higher than those of VC. The total antioxidant capacity of FRAP showed a certain dose-effect relationship. At the same concentration, the FRAP values of M1 and MT were higher than other samples. Membrane separation technology can be used to separate and purify the effective components from astragalus extract. M3 has the highest contents of the total flavonoids and total saponins, and its antioxidant capacity is better than that of astragalus extract and other samples obtained by membrane separation.

4

Yang, Jie, Lingling Zhu, Yang Zhao, Yongwei Xu, Qinglong Sun, Shuchen Liu, Chao Liu, and Baiping Ma. "Separation of furostanol saponins by supercritical fluid chromatography." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 145 (October 2017): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2017.05.023.

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5

Ishihama, Yasushi, and Shigeru Terabe. "Enantiomeric Separation by Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography Using Saponins." Journal of Liquid Chromatography 16, no. 4 (March 1993): 933–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826079308020944.

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6

Tian, Ji, Xuanyuan Wang, Qingxin Shi, Xingliang Xiang, Chao Su, Yun Xie, Shuna Jin, Rongzeng Huang, and Chengwu Song. "Isolation and Purification of Kudinosides from Kuding Tea by Semi-Preparative HPLC Combined with MCI-GEL Resin." Current Analytical Chemistry 16, no. 7 (October 1, 2020): 914–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411015666191031153352.

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Background: Kuding tea, a Traditional Chinese drink, has a history of thousands of years in China. Triterpenoid saponins in Kuding tea are regarded as one of the major functional ingredients. Objective: The aim of this paper was to establish separation progress for the isolation and purification of five triterpenoid saponins (kudinoside A, C, D, F, G) from Kuding tea. Methods: Nine types of resins, including seven macroporous resins and two MCI-GEL resins, were firstly used for purifying triterpenoid saponins by the adsorption and desorption tests. Further dynamic adsorption/desorption experiments were carried out to obtain the optimal parameters for the five targeted saponins. Then the purification of five triterpenoid saponins (kudinoside A, C, D, F, G) was completed by semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (semi-pHPLC). Results: As of optimized results, the HP20SS MCI-GEL was selected as the optimal one. The data also showed that 65.24 mg of refined extract including 7.04 mg kudinoside A, 3.52 mg kudinoside C, 4.04 mg kudinoside D, 4.13 mg kudinoside F, and 34.45 mg kudinoside G, could be isolated and purified from 645.90 mg of crude extract in which the content of five saponins was 81.51% and the average recovery reached 69.76%. The final contents of five saponins increased 6.91-fold as compared to the crude extract. Conclusion: The established separation progress was highly efficient, making it a potential approach for the large-scale production in the laboratory and providing several markers of triterpenoid saponins for quality control of Kuding tea or its processing products.

7

Cai, Jianfeng, Huaxia Xin, Lingping Cheng, Zhimou Guo, Jiatao Feng, Qing Fu, Yu Jin, and Xinmiao Liang. "Selective separation of xanthones and saponins from the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides by modulating the density of surface charges in C18-bonded stationary phases." Analytical Methods 9, no. 38 (2017): 5604–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ay01667k.

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A rapid and robust separation method based on the positively charged reversed-phase (PGRP) stationary phase was developed for selective separation of saponins and xanthones from the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides.

8

Guo, Xiujie, Xiuli Zhang, Zhimou Guo, Yanfang Liu, Aijin Shen, Gaowa Jin, and Xinmiao Liang. "Hydrophilic interaction chromatography for selective separation of isomeric saponins." Journal of Chromatography A 1325 (January 2014): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2013.12.006.

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9

Qian Liu, Xiang, Jiao Luo, Xiang Wang, Qin -Peng Zou, Man -Xia Lu, Ok -Kyoung Kwon, Hyeong -Kyu Lee, and Chang -Soo Yook. "Separation of Six Lupane-Type Triterpenoid Saponins from Leaves of Acanthopanax gracilistylus by HSCCC with Preparative-HPLC." SDRP Journal of Food Science & Technology 3, no. 3 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25177/jfst.3.3.5.

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10

Emara, Samy, Khaled M. Mohamed, Tsutomu Masujima, and Kazuo Yamasaki. "Separation of naturally occurring triterpenoidal saponins by capillary zone electrophoresis." Biomedical Chromatography 15, no. 4 (2001): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.66.

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11

Peixia, L., G. Nanxiang, J. Yan, and H. Yi. "Purification of Paclobutrazol-Free Steroidal Saponins and Flavonoids from the Fibrous Roots of Ophiopogon japonicas." Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research 19, no. 4 (July 3, 2020): 484–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.19:484-492.

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In the current study, a convenient approach was developed to isolate and purify active ingredients, including total steroidal saponins and total flavonoids, while simultaneously removing the toxic component - paclobutrazol - from the fibrous root of Ophiopogon japonicas. The separation performance of eight macroporous resins (D101, AB-8, DM301, DA201, H103, HPD100, D3520, and HP20) were evaluated using static and dynamic experimentation. The results showed that the D101 resin had the optimal capacity of adsorption and desorption to total steroidal saponins and total flavonoids. The static adsorption of D101 resins to total steroidal saponins and total flavonoids conformed to the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Under optimal purification parameters, the recovery rates of total steroidal saponins and total flavonoids were 86.49% and 87.89%, respectively. The total steroidal saponins and total flavonoids's purities increased from 16.67% to 47.58%, and from 3.82% to 12.29%, respectively. Furthermore, paclobutrazol's content decreased from 16.902mg/kg to 1.106mg/kg with a removal rate of 93.45%.

12

Nyberg, Nils T., Lennart Kenne, Bengt Rönnberg, and Bo G. Sundquist. "Separation and structural analysis of some saponins from Quillaja saponaria Molina." Carbohydrate Research 323, no. 1-4 (January 1999): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6215(99)00227-x.

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13

Zeng, Lingfeng, Ming Zhu, Jialun Zhong, and Weidong Yan. "Structural stability of acetyl saponins in different solvents and separation materials." Phytochemistry Letters 11 (March 2015): 368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2014.10.020.

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14

Boke Sarikahya, Nazli, Ahmet C. Goren, Gaye Sumer Okkali, and Süheyla Kırmızıgül. "Quantification of Saponins from Twenty-Two Cephalaria Species." Records of Natural Products 15, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25135/rnp.241.21.02.1985.

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Saponins in the Cephalaria species have a broad spectrum of biological properties and application potentials. This research aimed to develop a novel method to tentatively identify and quantify triterpenes and saponins in 22 Cephalaria species by LC-HR/MS method. In this study, we provided a broad screening of important biologically active triterpenes and saponins with high separation ability, high sensitivity and high selectivity. This is the first report to prove that Cephalaria species can be a good source of tormentic acid which has many biological activities in literature. The main triterpene compound, tormentic acid was presented at the level between 74.02 mg/kg and 75702.0 mg/kg in n-butanol extract of Cephalaria species. The source of some biologically active saponins such as davisianoside B, aristatoside C, elmalienoside A, balansoide B and scoposide B were also determined with this study, for the first time. Therefore, due to the different activities and usages of the identified compounds, these findings may find application in a number of industries such as nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, medical and cosmetic industries.

15

Bouabdallah, Salwa, Dhafer Laouini, Nabiha Bouzouita, Safia El-Bok, Rabiaa M. Sghaier, Sawssen Selmi, and Mossadok Ben Attia. "Separation and evaluation of natural antileishmanial potential against Leishmania major and infuntum isolated from the Tunisia strains." Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology 13, no. 1 (March 10, 2018): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v13i1.33908.

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<p class="Abstract">Besides its nutritional value as a dietary supplement, Tribulus terrestris is used as a remedy for fertility disorder in Ayurveda and Chinese medicine as well as by modern herbalists. The aim of this study was to explore the biological potential (antileishmanial effect) of an extract rich in saponins from Tunisian tribulus. The chloroform extract of the various parts of T. terrestris was subjected to partial purification by solvent partitioning with ethanol and n-butanol. All prepared extracts were tested for their anti-leishmanial activity. The result showed that n-butanolic extract (saponin fraction, when isolated from leaves part) exhibited the best antileishmanial effect against both pathogenic parasites Leshmania L. major (GlC94) and L. infuntum (LV50) evaluated in vitro assessment through MTT assay. n-Butanolic extract had been detected, quantified and purified using the RP-HPLC finger print (Hypersil ODS coupled to UV-vis). High peak area (5116.82 at 3.03 min) was detected at 205 nm.</p>

16

Liu, Zhen, Jieyin Wang, Wenyuan Gao, Shuli Man, Ying Wang, and Changxiao Liu. "Preparative separation and purification of steroidal saponins inParis polyphyllavar.yunnanensisby macroporous adsorption resins." Pharmaceutical Biology 51, no. 7 (April 9, 2013): 899–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2013.770537.

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17

Zhou, Yi-Feng, Li-Ling Wang, Li-Chun Chen, Tie-bing Liu, Ru-Yi Sha, and Jian-Wei Mao. "Enrichment and separation of steroidal saponins from the fibrous roots of Ophiopogon japonicus using macroporous adsorption resins." RSC Advances 9, no. 12 (2019): 6689–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra09319a.

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In this study, a simple and effective strategy for the enrichment of total steroidal saponins (TSS) from the fibrous roots of Ophiopogon japonicus (L. f.) Ker-Gawl. (FROJ) using macroporous adsorption resin was systematically developed.

18

Zhang, Hao, Yanan Zhang, Hailing Wang, Han Wen, Zhifeng Yan, Ailan Huang, Zijun Bie, and Yang Chen. "Preparing molecularly imprinted nanoparticles of saponins via cooperative imprinting strategy." Journal of Separation Science 43, no. 11 (March 19, 2020): 2162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.202000019.

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19

Marston, Andrew, Martine Cabo, Christian Lubrano, Jean-Renaud Robin, Claude Fromageot, and Kurt Hostettmann. "Clarification of the Saponin Composition of Ranunculus ficaria Tubers." Natural Product Communications 1, no. 1 (January 2006): 1934578X0600100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0600100105.

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Six known saponins, glycosides of hederagenin and oleanolic acid, have been isolated from the tubers of Ranunculus ficaria L. (Ranunculaceae). Their separation included the use of centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC). Structure determination was achieved on the basis of chemical evidence and extensive spectral studies. This is the first report of these triterpene glycosides from R. ficaria.

20

Jiang, Jian-Guo, Xiao-Juan Huang, and Jian Chen. "Separation and purification of saponins from SemenZiziphus jujubaand their sedative and hypnotic effects." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 59, no. 8 (August 2007): 1175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/jpp.59.8.0017.

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21

Amarowicz, R., M. Shimoyamada, and K. Okubo. "The influence of chamber kind and plate type on TLC separation of saponins." Food / Nahrung 36, no. 2 (1992): 205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/food.19920360216.

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22

Beutler, J. A. "Separation of High Molecular Weight Saponins of Archidendron Ellipticum by Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography." Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 20, no. 15 (September 1997): 2415–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826079708002712.

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23

Wang, Yaomin, Chen Xia, Lianfu Chen, Yi Charlie Chen, and Youying Tu. "Saponins Extracted from Tea (Camellia Sinensis) Flowers Induces Autophagy in Ovarian Cancer Cells." Molecules 25, no. 22 (November 11, 2020): 5254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225254.

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Tea flower saponins (TFS) possess effective anticancer properties. The diversity and complexity of TFS increases the difficulty of their extraction and purification from tea flowers. Here, multiple methods including solvent extraction, microporous resin separation and preparative HPLC separation were used to obtain TFS with a yield of 0.34%. Furthermore, we revealed that TFS induced autophagy—as evidenced by an increase in MDC-positive cell populations and mCherry-LC3B-labeled autolysosomes and an upregulation of LC3II protein levels. 3-MA reversed the decrease in cell viability induced by TFS, showing that TFS induced autophagic cell death. TFS-induced autophagy was not dependent on the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway. TFS-induced autophagy in OVCAR-3 cells was accompanied by ERK pathway activation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This paper is the first report of TFS-mediated autophagy of ovarian cancer cells. These results provide new insights for future studies of the anti-cancer effects of TFS.

24

Zhou, Yulan, Xin Gao, Qiang Fu, Pengqi Guo, Xinya Xu, Ting Zhang, Yanhui Ge, et al. "Enrichment of total steroidal saponins from the extracts ofTrillium tschonoskiiMaxim by macroporous resin and the simultaneous determination of eight steroidal saponins in the final product by HPLC." Journal of Separation Science 40, no. 5 (March 2017): 1115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201600884.

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25

Shi, Zhong Feng, Yi Fan Feng, Wen Rui, Liang Wang, Xiao Mei Zhang, and Liang Han. "Rapid Analysis of the Main Components of Glycyrrhizae Uralensis Fisch by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS." Advanced Materials Research 581-582 (October 2012): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.581-582.269.

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A rapid method for analysis of the main components of Radix Glycyrrhizae (RG) was developed using ultra-performanceliquid chromatography with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS). Previous study demonstrated that RG had antivirus, antioxidant，anti-tumor and other bioactivities. The separation analysis was performed on Waters Acquity UPLC system and the accurate mass of molecules and their fragment ions were determined by Q-TOF MS. Fourty compounds including triterpenoid saponins, flavonoid glycosides and flavonoid aglycones,coumarins, were identified and tentatively deduced on the basis of their element compositions, MS/MS data and relevant literatures. The results demonstrated that triterpenoid saponins, flavonoid glycosides and flavonoid aglycones were the main constituents of RG. Furthermore, an effective and rapid pattern was established allowing for comprehensive and systematic characterization of the complex samples.

26

Lelu, Jimmy K., Qi Liu, Raphael N. Alolga, Yong Fan, Wei-Lie Xiao, Lian-Wen Qi, and Ping Li. "A new two-dimensional chromatographic method for separation of saponins from steamed Panax notoginseng." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 125 (June 2016): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2016.04.019.

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27

Nord, Lars I., and Lennart Kenne. "Separation and structural analysis of saponins in a bark extract from Quillaja saponaria Molina." Carbohydrate Research 320, no. 1-2 (July 1999): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6215(99)00134-2.

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28

Ha, In J., Minseok Kang, Yun C. Na, Youmie Park, and Yeong S. Kim. "Preparative separation of minor saponins from Platycodi Radix by high-speed counter-current chromatography." Journal of Separation Science 34, no. 19 (August 2, 2011): 2559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201100326.

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29

Gevrenova, Reneta, Ventzislav Bardarov, Krum Bardarov, Laurence Voutquenne-Nazabadioko, and Max Henry. "Selective Profiling of Saponins from Gypsophila trichotoma Wend. by HILIC Separation and HRMS Detection." Phytochemical Analysis 29, no. 3 (December 4, 2017): 250–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.2739.

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30

Ganzera, Markus, Julia Gampenrieder, Rahul S. Pawar, Ikhlas A. Khan, and Hermann Stuppner. "Separation of the major triterpenoid saponins in Bacopa monnieri by high-performance liquid chromatography." Analytica Chimica Acta 516, no. 1-2 (July 2004): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2004.04.002.

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31

Li, Rui, Zhao Liang Wu, Yan Ji Wang, and Ling Ling Li. "Separation of total saponins from the pericarp of Sapindus mukorossi Gaerten. by foam fractionation." Industrial Crops and Products 51 (November 2013): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.08.079.

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32

Wang, Shufang, Shu Ye, and Yiyu Cheng. "Separation and on-line concentration of saponins from Panax notoginseng by micellar electrokinetic chromatography." Journal of Chromatography A 1109, no. 2 (March 2006): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.01.023.

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33

Nie, W., J. G. Luo, X. B. Wang, X. Wan, and L. Y. Kong. "An insight into enrichment and separation of oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins by various chromatographic materials." Separation and Purification Technology 65, no. 3 (March 2009): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2008.10.042.

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34

Huang, Yang, Tingting Zhang, Haibo Zhou, Ying Feng, Chunlin Fan, Weijia Chen, Jacques Crommen, and Zhengjin Jiang. "Fast separation of triterpenoid saponins using supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with single quadrupole mass spectrometry." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 121 (March 2016): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2015.12.056.

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35

WAN, J., Q. ZHANG, W. YE, and Y. WANG. "Quantification and separation of protopanaxatriol and protopanaxadiol type saponins from Panax notoginseng with macroporous resins." Separation and Purification Technology 60, no. 2 (April 20, 2008): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2007.08.007.

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36

Tebogo, P. M., V. Richardson, and J. Banoub. "SEPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SAPONINS FROM AN EXTRACT OF QUILLAJA SAPONARIA MOLINA: NEW IMMUNO-ADJUVANTS." Biochemical Society Transactions 28, no. 5 (October 1, 2000): A204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst028a204c.

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37

Du, Qizhen, and Shijun Gao. "Preparative Separation of Saponins from the Luffa Cylindeica (L.) Roem. by Slow Rotary Countercurrent Chromatography." Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 29, no. 16 (September 2006): 2451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826070600864924.

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38

Wan, Jian-Bo, Peng Li, Ruo-Lin Yang, Qing-Wen Zhang, and Yi-Tao Wang. "SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION OF 5 SAPONINS FROM Panax Notoginseng BY PREPARATIVE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY." Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 36, no. 3 (January 2013): 406–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826076.2012.657736.

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39

Kang, Minseok, In Jin Ha, Jaemoo Chun, Sam Sik Kang, and Yeong Shik Kim. "Separation of Two Cytotoxic Saponins from the Roots ofAdenophora triphyllavar.japonicaby High-speed Counter-current Chromatography." Phytochemical Analysis 24, no. 2 (August 29, 2012): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.2394.

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40

Bo, Tao, Lei Zhong, Meng Li, Yiqi Luo, Ke An Li, Huwei Liu, and De An Guo. "Separation of isoquinoline alkaloids and saponins by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography with anionic and cationic surfactants." Chromatographia 56, no. 11-12 (December 2002): 709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02492472.

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41

Ganzera, M., E. Bedir, I. Calis, and I. A. Khan. "Separation ofAstragalus saponins by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography and evaporative light scattering detection." Chromatographia 53, no. 3-4 (February 2000): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02491559.

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42

Wan, Jian-Bo, Peng Li, Shaoping Li, Yitao Wang, Tina Ting-Xia Dong, and Karl Wah-Keung Tsim. "Simultaneous determination of 11 saponins inPanax notoginseng using HPLC-ELSD and pressurized liquid extraction." Journal of Separation Science 29, no. 14 (September 2006): 2190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200600103.

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43

Septiana, A. T., Erminawati, and H. Winarsi. "The effect of basic ingredients form, cold storage and precipitate separation on bioactive components and antioxidant activity of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb." Food Research 5, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.5(4).030.

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Abstract:

Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb water extract is like temulawak drinks, are easily precipitated when stored in cold temperatures (refrigerator). This study aimed to determine the effect of basic ingredients form, cold storage and precipitate separation of water extract on the bioactive components and antioxidant activity of the C. xanthorrhiza water extract. The bioactive components qualitatively observed were tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, and saponins. Furthermore, curcumin, flavonoids, total phenolic, and antioxidant activity were quantitatively analyzed. Antioxidant activity was carried out by testing the capacity of DPPH radical scavenging. The capacity of free radical scavenging, total phenol, flavonoids and curcumin from water extract of C. xanthorrhiza from fresh rhizome without cold storage and without separation of the precipitate was the largest compared to other treatments, were 76.39%, 1.68 mg/mL, 2.47 mg/mL and 0.71 mg/mL, respectively. Separation of the precipitate from C. xanthorrhiza water extract reduces curcumin, flavonoid contents, total phenols and DPPH radical scavenging capacity

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Song, Hua, Jianhong Lin, Xuan Zhu, and Qing Chen. "Developments in high-speed countercurrent chromatography and its applications in the separation of terpenoids and saponins." Journal of Separation Science 39, no. 8 (April 2016): 1574–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201501199.

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Choi, Soo-Jung, Janggyoo Choi, Heejin Jeon, Soo Kyung Bae, Jaeyoung Ko, Jinwoong Kim, and Kee Dong Yoon. "Application of high-performance countercurrent chromatography for the isolation of steroidal saponins from Liriope plathyphylla." Journal of Separation Science 38, no. 1 (December 5, 2014): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201401007.

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Tsuzuki, Joyce K., Terezinha I. E. Svidzinski, Cristiane S. Shinobu, Luiz F. A. Silva, Edson Rodrigues-Filho, Diógenes A. G. Cortez, and Izabel C. P. Ferreira. "Antifungal activity of the extracts and saponins from Sapindus saponaria L." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 79, no. 4 (December 2007): 577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652007000400002.

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Abstract:

Extracts from the dried pericarp of Sapindus saponaria L. (Sapindaceae) fruits were investigated for their antifungal activity against clinical isolates of yeasts Candida albicans and C. non-albicans from vaginal secretions of women with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. Four clinical isolates of C. albicans, a single clinical isolated of each of the species C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, and the strain of C. albicans ATCC 90028 were used. The hydroalcoholic extract was bioactivity-directed against a clinical isolate of C. parapsilosis, and showed strong activity. The n-BuOH extract and one fraction showed strong activity against all isolates tested. Further column-chromatography on silica gel separation of this fraction afforded two pure triterpene acetylated saponins: 3-O-(4-acetyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-(1->3)-alpha-Lrhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-hederagenin (1) and 3-O-(3,4-di-acetyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-(1->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-alpha-L-arabynopyranosyl-hederagenin (2). The structures of the compounds were based on spectral data (¹H and 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC and MS), and on with literature. The saponins isolated showed strong activity against C. parapsilosis.

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Amin, Elham, Yan-Hong Wang, Bharathi Avula, Seham S. El-Hawary, Magda M. Fathy, Rabab Mohammed, and Ikhlas A. Khan. "Simultaneous Determination of Saponins and a Flavonoid from Aerial Parts of Zygophyllum coccineum L." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 95, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 757–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.11-216.

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Abstract Triterpenoid saponins are a class of glycosides with a wide range of bioactivities, which make them interesting research candidates. Zygophyllum coccineum is an Egyptian desert plant rich in triterpenoid saponins. Reviewing the relevant literature, no data concerning the HPLC or ultra-performance LC (UPLC) analysis of Zygophyllum content were found. This paper presents two methods, HPLC-UV and UPLC-UV-evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD)/MS, for the simultaneous determination of 10 compounds in the alcohol extract of Z. coccineum. The HPLC method uses a C18 column and water–acetonitrile (both containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid) gradient system. The separation was achieved within 32 min. The developed UPLC method simultaneously detects and quantifies the 10 compounds using an Acquity UPLC BEH Shield RP18 column and reagent alcohol–acetonitrile (80/20, v/v) and water (both containing 0.5% formic acid) gradient system within 14 min with UV, ELS, and MS detectors. The methods were used to analyze another species, Z. simplex, and results revealed a great variation between the secondary metabolite pattern of both species.

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SUNDFELD, ESDRAS, SUSAN YUN, JOHN M. KROCHTA, and THOMAS RICHARDSON. "SEPARATION of CHOLESTEROL FROM BUTTEROIL USING QUILLAJA SAPONINS. 1. EFFECTS of PH, CONTACT TIME and ADSORBENT." Journal of Food Process Engineering 16, no. 3 (October 1993): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4530.1993.tb00316.x.

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Xu, Cheng-Ji, and Jiann-Tsyn Lin. "Comparison of Silica-, C18−, and NH2−HPLC Columns for the Separation of Neutral Steroid Saponins fromDioscoreaPlants." Journal of Liquid Chromatography 8, no. 2 (February 1985): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01483918508067083.

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Jiang, Jianxing, Zhaoliang Wu, Wei Liu, Yanfei Gao, Shenghao Guo, and Shufang Kang. "Separation of soybean saponins from soybean meal by a technology of foam fractionation and resin adsorption." Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology 46, no. 4 (May 18, 2016): 346–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2015.1031394.

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