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1
Völker, Jeanette. "Abhängigkeit der Besiedlung benthischer Invertebraten von Hydromorphologie und Saprobie in silikatischen Mittelgebirgsbächen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1232370486930-86885.
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Das Verständnis über die Ausprägung der Lebensgemeinschaften von benthischen Invertebraten in aquatischen Ökosystemen in Abhängigkeit von abiotischen Faktoren ist von grundlegender wissenschaftlicher Bedeutung und eine Voraussetzung für die Bewertung, den Schutz und die Wiederherstellung der ökologischen Integrität in Fließgewässern. Für die Erarbeitung von Abhängigkeiten zwischen der benthischen Lebensgemeinschaft, der Hydromorphologie und der Saprobie standen insgesamt 409 Datensätze in Form von Taxalisten des Makrozoobenthos zur Verfügung. Diese wurden mit Strukturgütedaten verschnitten und anhand uni- und multivariater statistischer Methoden analysiert. Folgende Ergebnisse konnten dabei erzielt werden: (a) es können sieben Einzelparameter der Gewässerstruktur identifiziert werden, die einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die benthische Biozönose ausüben, (b) die Fließgewässertypen 5 und 5.1 unterscheiden sich auf Basis des vorliegenden Datensatzes weder in der taxonomischen noch in der funktionalen Zusammensetzung der Makrozoobenthoszönose und (c) bei einer erhöhten saprobiellen Belastung überlagert der Einfluss der organischen Belastung die strukturellen Gegebenheiten. Für die Entwicklung und Anpassung effizienter Strukturgüteverfahren und die daraus resultierenden Monitoring- und Maßnahmenprogramme für ein integriertes Fließgewässermanagement ist die Auswahl ökologisch relevanter Parameter von immenser BedeutungThe understanding about the development of benthic invertebrate communities as a function of abiotic influencing factors in aquatic ecosystems is of essential scientific relevance for the assessment of the ecological status of rivers and streams. For the development of interdependencies between benthic invertebrates, hydromorphology and saprobity, 409 species lists of the macroinvertebrates were provided. They were aggregated with morphological features and analysed with different uni- and multivariate statistical methods. On the basis of the used analyses, the following results were achieved: (a) seven ecological relevant morphological features with significant influence to benthic invertebrate community could be identified, (b) on the basis of the present database, the structural and functional composition of the benthic invertebrates can not be differ river type specific (type 5 and 5.1) and (c) if the saprobic pressure decrease, the organic pressure superpose the hydromorphology. The values of the biological attributes are low in spite of near natural morphological conditions. For an ecological efficiency stream habitat assessment, the identified relevant morphological parameters have to consider. The “morphological characteristic curves” are well describing the results of a local monitoring. This application-oriented instrument can be used for (a) the operationalisation of environmental objectives, (b) the development and adaption of monitoring strategies and (c) the derivation and prioritisation of ecological and economic efficiency measurements for an integrated river management
2
Völker, Jeanette. "Abhängigkeit der Besiedlung benthischer Invertebraten von Hydromorphologie und Saprobie in silikatischen Mittelgebirgsbächen." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2008. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23618.
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Das Verständnis über die Ausprägung der Lebensgemeinschaften von benthischen Invertebraten in aquatischen Ökosystemen in Abhängigkeit von abiotischen Faktoren ist von grundlegender wissenschaftlicher Bedeutung und eine Voraussetzung für die Bewertung, den Schutz und die Wiederherstellung der ökologischen Integrität in Fließgewässern. Für die Erarbeitung von Abhängigkeiten zwischen der benthischen Lebensgemeinschaft, der Hydromorphologie und der Saprobie standen insgesamt 409 Datensätze in Form von Taxalisten des Makrozoobenthos zur Verfügung. Diese wurden mit Strukturgütedaten verschnitten und anhand uni- und multivariater statistischer Methoden analysiert. Folgende Ergebnisse konnten dabei erzielt werden: (a) es können sieben Einzelparameter der Gewässerstruktur identifiziert werden, die einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die benthische Biozönose ausüben, (b) die Fließgewässertypen 5 und 5.1 unterscheiden sich auf Basis des vorliegenden Datensatzes weder in der taxonomischen noch in der funktionalen Zusammensetzung der Makrozoobenthoszönose und (c) bei einer erhöhten saprobiellen Belastung überlagert der Einfluss der organischen Belastung die strukturellen Gegebenheiten. Für die Entwicklung und Anpassung effizienter Strukturgüteverfahren und die daraus resultierenden Monitoring- und Maßnahmenprogramme für ein integriertes Fließgewässermanagement ist die Auswahl ökologisch relevanter Parameter von immenser Bedeutung.The understanding about the development of benthic invertebrate communities as a function of abiotic influencing factors in aquatic ecosystems is of essential scientific relevance for the assessment of the ecological status of rivers and streams. For the development of interdependencies between benthic invertebrates, hydromorphology and saprobity, 409 species lists of the macroinvertebrates were provided. They were aggregated with morphological features and analysed with different uni- and multivariate statistical methods. On the basis of the used analyses, the following results were achieved: (a) seven ecological relevant morphological features with significant influence to benthic invertebrate community could be identified, (b) on the basis of the present database, the structural and functional composition of the benthic invertebrates can not be differ river type specific (type 5 and 5.1) and (c) if the saprobic pressure decrease, the organic pressure superpose the hydromorphology. The values of the biological attributes are low in spite of near natural morphological conditions. For an ecological efficiency stream habitat assessment, the identified relevant morphological parameters have to consider. The “morphological characteristic curves” are well describing the results of a local monitoring. This application-oriented instrument can be used for (a) the operationalisation of environmental objectives, (b) the development and adaption of monitoring strategies and (c) the derivation and prioritisation of ecological and economic efficiency measurements for an integrated river management.
3
鄭遠技 and Yanna. "Biodiversity, ecology and taxonomy of saprobic fungi on palm fronds." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31242595.
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Yanna. "Biodiversity, ecology and taxonomy of saprobic fungi on palm fronds /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B2295630x.
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Li, Aiguo, and 李愛國. "Field monitoring of a saprolite cut slope." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29901765.
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Grewal, Parwinder Singh. "Studies on saprobic rhabditid nematodes and their associated bacteria affecting mushroom culture." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46322.
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Zhou, Dequn, and 周德群. "Biodiversity of saprobic microfungi associated with bamboo in Hong Kong and Kunming, China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43894732.
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Zhou, Dequn. "Biodiversity of saprobic microfungi associated with bamboo in Hong Kong and Kunming, China." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23424874.
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Jol, Hamdan Bin. "Saprolite and soil fertility in the humid tropics (Malaysia)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309365.
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Wong, Kit-man, and 黃潔文. "Diversity, host preference, and vertical distribution of saprobic fungi on grasses and sedges in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43894409.
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Wong, Kit-man. "Diversity, host preference, and vertical distribution of saprobic fungi on grasses and sedges in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22054078.
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Tsang, Lai-yan Ada. "Progressive failure as a possible mechanism of deep-seated failures in saprolite cut slopes in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42576076.
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Tse, Yin Man. "Laboratory and field studies of drying-wetting effects on shear strength, SDSWCC and permeability of an unsaturated saprolite /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202008%20TSE.
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Costa, Loise Araujo. "Comunidades de fungos em folhedo da Mata Atl?ntica na regi?o semi?rida do Brasil." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2014. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/287.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
The Atlantic Forest has the highest biodiversity among tropical forests is one of the 34 priority areas for global conservation. Currently remains about 11% of its original area, which is composed of fragmented and geographically distant remnants. Among the microorganisms that compose forest ecosystems, fungi are important components because ensure the cycling of carbon and nutrients, however are poorly studied. The present study aimed to assess the diversity and distribution of fungi associated to leaf litter from three Atlantic Forest remnants in the semiarid region of Brazil: Brejo Paraibano-PB, Serra da Ibiapaba-CE and Serra da Jib?ia-BA; and the effects of methodological aspects on mycobiota. Two expeditions were conducted in each area, during the wet season and the other in the dry season, between June/2011 and January/2013. Twenty-three samples of leaf litter, five Clusia nemorosa G. Mey and eighteen Vismia guianensis (Aubl) Choisy, were collected and submitted to the technique of particle filtration. The total volume of 9.3 mL of particle suspension was plated on two different culture media: dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol agar (DRBC) and malt yeast extract agar (MYE). The analysis of this material yielded 6.460 colonies identified 168 taxa for which data were divided into three chapters. The first chapter evaluates the effects of time (fresh material, 07, 14, 21 and 28 d) and storage temperature (room temperature and 4?C) of the leaves of C. nemorosa plus the use of two culture media on mycobiota. Analysis of covariance indicated that the richness and the number of isolates decreased with storage, however in relation to the culture medium there was no significant difference. The storage temperature had no significant influence on the community according to the t-test. The second chapter compared the communities of fungi of C. nemorosa and V. guianensis during the wet and dry seasons. Clusia nemorosa showed higher species richness and diversity of fungi compared to V. guianensis. Similarity analysis indicated that variations in the community between plants and seasons were significant while the cluster analysis and multivariate NMDS showed seasonality factor as more decisive for the distribution of fungi. The third chapter investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of fungi associated with leaf litter community of V. guianensis present in the three remaining. Multivariate analysis NMDS revealed differences in community composition of fungi in each area and climate season and the similarity analysis indicated that the differences were statistically significant. The results of this study presented a great diversity associated with the leaf litter present in remnants of Atlantic Forest and indicate that the distribution of fungi in the environment is not random. Knowledge of the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on the distribution of saprobic fungi is fundamental to understanding the role that they play in forest ecosystems.
A Mata Atl?ntica apresenta uma das maiores biodiversidade dentre as florestas tropicais sendo uma das 34 ?reas priorit?rias para a conserva??o mundial. Atualmente resta cerca de 11% da sua ?rea original, que ? composto por remanescentes fragmentados e distantes geograficamente. Dentre os micro-organismos que comp?em os ecossistemas florestais, os fungos s?o componentes importantes, pois promovem a ciclagem de carbono e nutrientes, no entanto, s?o pouco estudados. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a diversidade e distribui??o de fungos associados ao folhedo de tr?s remanescentes de Mata Atl?ntica na regi?o semi?rida do Brasil: Brejo Paraibano-PB, Serra da Ibiapaba-CE e Serra da Jib?ia-BA; bem como os efeitos de aspectos metodol?gicos sobre a micobiota. Duas expedi??es foram realizadas em cada ?rea, uma durante a esta??o chuvosa e a outra na esta??o seca, entre junho/2011 e janeiro/2013. Vinte e tr?s amostras de folhas da serapilheira, cinco de Clusia nemorosa G. Mey e dezoito de Vismia guianensis (Aubl) Choisy, foram coletadas e submetidas ? t?cnica de filtra??o de part?culas. O volume total de 9.3 mL de suspens?o de part?culas foi plaqueado em dois meios de cultivo: ?gar dicloran rosa bengala cloranfenicol (DRBC) e ?gar extrato de malte e levedura (MYE). A partir da an?lise desse material, 6.460 col?nias foram isoladas e identificadas em 168 t?xons cujos dados foram distribu?dos em tr?s cap?tulos. O primeiro cap?tulo avaliou os efeitos do tempo (material fresco, 07, 14, 21 e 28 dias) e temperatura (ambiente e 4?C) no acondicionamento das folhas de C. nemorosa al?m do uso dos dois meios de cultura sobre a micobiota. A an?lise de covari?ncia indicou que a riqueza e o n?mero de isolados diminu?ram com o tempo de acondicionamento, entretanto em rela??o ao meio de cultura n?o houve diferen?a significativa. A temperatura de acondicionamento n?o apresentou influ?ncia significativa sobre a comunidade, segundo o teste-t. O segundo cap?tulo comparou as comunidades de fungos de C. nemorosa e V. guianensis durante as esta??es chuvosa e seca. Clusia nemorosa apresentou maior riqueza de esp?cies e diversidade de fungos comparada a V. guianensis. A an?lise de similaridade indicou que as varia??es na comunidade entre as plantas e esta??es foram significativas, enquanto que a an?lise de agrupamento e a multivariada NMDS apresentaram a sazonalidade como fator determinante para a distribui??o dos fungos. O terceiro cap?tulo investigou a distribui??o espacial e temporal da comunidade de fungos associada ao folhedo de V. guianensis presentes nos tr?s remanescentes. A an?lise multivariada NMDS revelou diferen?as na composi??o das comunidades de fungos em cada ?rea e esta??o clim?tica e a an?lise de similaridade indicou que as diferen?as encontradas foram estatisticamente significativas. Os resultados deste estudo apresentam uma grande diversidade de fungos associada ao folhedo presente nos remanescentes de Mata Atl?ntica e indicam que a distribui??o dos fungos no ambiente n?o ? aleat?ria. O conhecimento dos efeitos dos fatores bi?ticos e abi?ticos sobre a distribui??o dos fungos sapr?bios ? fundamental para entender o papel que desempenham nos ecossistemas florestais.
15
Parreira, Cristina Isabel Velez. "Cogumelos na ecopista de Évora - diversidade de macrofungos do solo." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/27926.
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É de extrema importância executar ações de educação ambiental em áreas citadinas de modo a sensibilizar as populações sobre a importância da conservação de macrofungos. Neste sentido, este trabalho visa documentar a diversidade macrofungica da Ecopista de Évora, assim como caracterizar os locais mais micodiversos. Este trabalho, que decorreu entre fevereiro de 2018 e fevereiro de 2019, realizou-se na Ecopista de Évora, que foi dividida em 4 troços, e o foco foram os macrofungos do solo (espécies ectomicorrízicas e sapróbias). Assim, após a quantificação dos espécimes de macrofungos e análise das diferenças entre os troços selecionados e três estações climatológicas (primavera 2018, outono 2018 e inverno 2018/2019), concluiu-se que o troço 4 foi aquele com maior registo de espécies e exemplares totais e o outono e o inverno foram as estações mais favoráveis à observação de macrofungos; Abstract:
Environmental education actions are of utmost importance in order to raise people awareness for macrofungal conservation. In this sense, this work aims to document the macrofungal diversity of Évora Ecopista, as well as to characterize the most mycodiverse sites. This study was conducted between February 2018 and February 2019, at 4 sections of Évora Ecopista, and focused on soil macrofungi (ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic species). Thus, after quantifying the macrofungal specimens and analysing the differences between the selected sections and three climatological seasons (spring 2018, autumn 2018 and winter 2018/2019), it was concluded that section n. 4 was the one with the largest record of species and specimens and autumn and winter were the most favourable seasons for macrofungi observation.
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Lesmana, Antony. "Designs for dewatering and optimization of pit slopes in saprolite overburden : a case study of the PT. Kayan Putra Utama Coal project." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43344.
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Effective dewatering and environmental program poised to have a significant impact on the feasibility of saprolite mining operations. It is therefore necessary to strike a balance between an effective dewatering program and sound environmental policy. Using assessments such as rainfall, climate studies, groundwater flow, and aquifer characterizations, the Separi coal dewatering program includes the construction of water channels, flood protection levees, water wells, and placing various environmental monitoring sites. The construction of water channels and flood protection levees has reduced the water runoff that entered the mining area by approximately 75%. For a six-month testing period, the average pumping rate of the dewatering well was 24.78 m³/day.
These pumping rates were determined to result in groundwater level that would generally be 10 meters below the lowest mining benches at all times. Ten meters is the recommended single bench height based on the slope stability analysis. After six months of dewatering, the groundwater level was lowered 10.88 meters, permitting the mining project may begin its mining operation to commence. A re-design of maximum pit slope angle is indicated in this research. During the testing period, the environmental management plan did not show any negative impacts of dewatering programs on surface and groundwater resources. The monitoring sites all yield acceptable range of water quality parameters, such as Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and pH value. The company continues to monitor the water resources to maintain acceptable water quality in the study areas.
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Polák, Michal. "Vliv urbanizace na ekologický stav Smržovského potoka." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-258608.
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This thesis handle with the ecological status of Smržovka stream, respectively handle with change of the ecological state of stream due to urbanization. Smržovka stream, concretely the right tributary of significant river Kamenice Jizerské hory Mountains rises in the Jizerské hory Mountains protected landscape area, which is almost intact due to water pollution and gradually flows through an urbanized area with a relatively high level of infrastructure and sources of pollution. For the
ecological status assessment of stream were used the following three indicators: hydromorphological mapping, physico-chemical water analysis and evaluation of
biological components of makrozoobenthos in terms of saprobity. The work provides information on water quality in the stream with that this unique data can be the basis
for the study of other small streams that spring in urban mountainous areas.
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Guerra, Adriano Ribeiro. "Saprolitos na região Sudeste do Brasil: morfologia, classificação e evolução física-geoquímica-mineralógica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-13042015-095939/.
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O saprolito é um corpo geológico constituído pela mistura de minerais primários e secundários resultantes do intemperismo físico e químico, o qual mantém vestígios da estrutura original da rocha. Difere do solo pela evidente filiação litogenética e insignificante atividade biológica. Apesar das definições, no entanto, o limite e a distinção entre solo e saprolito nem sempre são claros, devido a continuidade entre estes corpos em termos de processos hidrológicos e geoquímicos, bem como de suas composições físicas e mineralógicas, o que gera grande confusão nas descrições morfológicas e na organização de informações. Devido ao caráter multidisciplinar das ciências envolvidas no estudo do saprolito e a dedicação parcial de todas elas, há uma grande carência de padronização de termos e procedimentos para sua caracterização e análise. O objetivo geral desta tese é a caracterização de saprolitos desenvolvidos a partir de variadas litologias, no intuito da elaboração de procedimentos para a descrição, classificação e análise de saprolitos. Especificamente objetivou-se avaliar detalhadamente os padrões de alteração física, mineralógica e geoquímica em materiais, influenciados por atributos litológicos relativos a composição mineralo-química e estrutural do material parental. Para tanto foram descritos e amostrados 15 perfis de alteração; compostos por solo, saprolito e rocha, derivados de rochas sedimentares e metamórficas na região Sudeste do Brasil, nos estados de São Paulo e Minas Gerais. As descrições demonstraram que os corpos saprolíticos avaliados podem ser agrupados em quatro tipos morfológicos principais, sendo propostas as seguintes categorias estruturais: contínua, fraturada, fragmentada e terrosa. Dentre todos saprolitos avaliados, aqueles derivados de rochas metamórficas apresentaram maior complexidade morfológica. Deste modo, 9 perfis filiados a xistos e gnaisses foram submetidos a análises físicas, geoquímicas e mineralógicas para avaliação dos processos de alteração e desenvolvimento de sistema de classificação. A composição mineralógica de solos e saprolitos se mostrou semelhante, entretanto, ocorreram dissimilaridades geoquímicas entre estes corpos. Atributos físicos como densidade e porosidade total não demonstraram diferenças significativas entre solo e saprolito, entretanto, ao se considerar isoladamente amostras de saprolito, houve correlação positiva entre a perda de massa e a porosidade total, tornando este último atributo útil `a proposta de classificação de saprolitos.The saprolite is a geological body constituted by the mixture of primary and secondary minerals resulting of physical and chemical weathering, which retains traces of the original rock structure. It differs from the soil by the evident litogenetic affiliation and insignificant biological activity. Although the definitions, however, the limit and the distinction between soil and saprolite are not always clear, because the continuity between these bodies in terms of hydrological and geochemical processes, as well as their physical and mineralogical compositions, which creates great confusion in morphological descriptions and information network. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of the sciences involved and the partial dedication of all of them in the saprolite investigations, there is a great lack of standardization of terms and procedures for characterization and analysis. The overall objective of this thesis is the characterization of saprolite developed from various lithologies in order to draw up procedures for the description, classification and saprolite analysis. Specifically aimed to evaluate in detail the patterns of physical, mineralogical and geochemical changes in some materials influenced by lithological attributes how the mineralogical and chemical composition, as well as the structure of parental material. For this were described and sampled 15 weathering profiles, composed of soil, saprolite and rock derived from sedimentary and metamorphic rocks in southeastern Brazil, in the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais. The descriptions shown that saprolite evaluated can be grouped into four main morphological types, proposed the following structural categories: continuous, fractured, fragmented and earthy. Among all evaluated saprolite, those derived from metamorphic rocks showed higher morphological complexity. Thus, 9 affiliated profiles schists and gneisses to have been subjected to physical, geochemical and mineralogical analyzes to evaluate the change processes and to developing the classification system of saprolites. The mineralogical composition of soils and saprolite was similar, however, there were dissimilarities regard geochemical attributes between this bodies. Physical properties such as density and porosity showed no significant differences between soil and saprolite, however, when considered in isolation saprolite samples, there was a positive correlation between weight loss and total porosity, making this last attribute able to integrate the proposed saprolite classification.
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Lima, Paula Feliciano de 1981. "Aplicações de cromatografia gasosa bidimensional abrangente (GCxGC) no estudo de metabólitos voláteis de fungos sapróbios." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250196.
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Orientador: Fabio AugustoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
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Resumo: O uso de compostos voláteis produzidos por fungos como parte das estratégias de biocontrole na prevenção de doenças ocasionadas por fitopatógenos vem impulsionando o mercado de biofungicidas. Neste cenário, a análise do metaboloma utilizando apenas uma técnica analítica é por vezes inviável devido à magnitude química dos compostos bem como de sua faixa de concentração. Desta forma, o trabalho utilizou a combinação de HS-SPME (Microextração em Fase Sólida) aliada à técnica GC×GC-qMS (Cromatografia Gasosa Bidimensional Abrangente acoplada à Espectrometria de Massas Quadrupolar) para a obtenção do perfil metabólico volátil inédito de duas espécies de fungos com potencial ação para biocontrole e indução de resistência a fitopatógenos na agricultura, Curvularia sp e Memnoniella sp. Através de modelagem MPCA e HCA foi possível a obtenção de um perfil cinético característico da produção de compostos voláteis das espécies que delimitou o processo de identificação tentativa destes metabólitos. Hidrocarbonetos e álcoois foram responsáveis pela maior produção volátil de ambas as espécies avaliadas, com destaque para a produção de lactonas como y-octalactona, y-hexalactona e y-hexalactona por Curvularia sp e sesquiterpenos como acoradieno, ß-chamigreno, a-chamigreno, ß-elemeno e valenceno por Memnoniella sp. A partir do perfil volátil das espécies, os estudos poderão ser direcionados à ação biocontrole e indução de resistência na agricultura
Abstract: Volatile compounds produced by fungi as part of biocontrol strategies in preventing diseases caused by pathogens has been stimulating the market of biofungicides. So, the analysis of the metabolome using only one analytic technique is sometimes not feasible due to chemical compounds as well as the magnitude of its concentration range. Thus, the study used a combination of HS-SPME technique (Solid-Phase Microextraction) coupled with GC×GC-qMS (Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography coupled to Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry) to obtain volatile metabolic profiles of two species of fungi with potential for biocontrol activity and induction of resistance to plant pathogens in agriculture, Curvularia sp and Memnoniella sp. Through modeling MPCA and HCA was possible to obtain a typical kinetic profile of volatile compounds from the production of species which delimited the process of identification of these metabolites. Hydrocarbons and alcohols were responsible for most volatile production of both studied species, with emphasis on the production of lactones such as y-octalactona, y-hexalactona e y-hexalactona by Curvularia sp and sesquiterpenes as acoradiene, ß-chamigrene, a-chamigrene, ß-elemene and valencene by Memnoniella sp. From the profile of volatile species, the studies may be related to the biocontrol activity and induction of resistance in agriculture
Mestrado
Quimica Analitica
Mestra em Química
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Keblaitė, Živilė. "Dubysos upės vidurupio vandens kokybės vertinimas bioindikacijos metodais." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120620_131551-57655.
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Šio darbo tikslas – įvertinti Dubysos upės vidurupio vandens kokybę, taikant bioindikacinius vandens telkinių vertinimo metodus. Naudojant Saprobiškumo (S) ir Simpsono įvairovės indeksų (D) metodus buvo identifikuoti zooplanktoniniai organizmai bei įvertinti rūšių skaičiaus, gausumo ir įvairovės pasiskirstymo dėsningumai. Pagal J. Brown-Blanquet skalę atliktas atskirų augalų rūšių gausumo (projekcinis padengimo) barelyje vertinamas. Apie 50 km atkarpoje buvo išdėstytos 15 tyrimų vietų, kurias pasirenkant buvo atsižvelgiama į netoliese esančius žemės ūkio, pramonės, transporto objektus bei gamtinę aplinką. Tiriant zooplanktoniną paimti 270 vandens ir vandens – dumblo mėginiai. Šie tyrimai atlikti tris kartus metuose, bandymą pakartojant tris kartus. Naudojant J. Brown-Blanquet skalę augalų projekcinio padengimo vertinimas atliktas liepos mėn. Taigi vandens kokybės vertinimui buvo skaičiuoti tokie rodikliai: zooplanktoninių organizmų rūšių skaičius, gausumas, Simpsono įvairovės (D), Saprobiškumo (S) indeksai bei augalų projekcinis padengimas.
Tirtoje teritorijoje buvo aptikta 33 zooplanktono rūšys: 8 infuzorijos, 8 dumbliai, 2 bakterijos, 2 vabzdžių lervos, 3 verpetės, 4 pirmuonys, 2 šakotaūsiai ir 3 irklakojai vėžiagyviai. Taikyta vienfaktorinė dispersinė analizė (One–way ANOVA) parodė, kad tyrimų vietos vandens kokybė (vandens užterštumas arba švarumas) turi įtakos vandens kokybę indikuojantiems rodikliams (rūšių skaičiui, gausumui, D bei S indeksams). Rūšių sudėtis ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The aim – to assess middle of the river Dubysa water quality, using valuation techniques by bioindicationous water mines. Using saprobic index (S) and Simpson's diversity index (D) methods have been identified zooplanktons organisms and the number of species, abundance and diversity of distribution patterns. According to J. Brown-Blanquet scale of an individual plant species richness (covering projection) rating in the barrel. About 50 km stretch was down 15 test sites, the choice was taken to the nearby agricultural, industrial, transport facilities and the environment. Studying zooplankton, it was taken of 270 water mines, and water - sludge ("hanging drop") samples. These studies were conducted three times a year, repeating the test three times. Using J. Brown-Blanquet scale projection covering the plant assessment was carried out in July. Thus, the assessment of water quality indicators have been calculated as follows: organisms zooplankton number of species, abundance, Simpson's diversity index (D), saprobic index (S) and the projection coating plant. There was found 33 species of investigated zooplankton area: 8 infusoria, 8 algae, 2 bacteria, 2 insect larvae, 3 vortex, 4 protozoa, crustaceans 2 and 3 copepods. Applied to one factor analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) revealed that research on local water quality (water pollution or purity) affect water quality for indication indicators (number of species, abundance, D index). Species composition and quantitative... [to full text]
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Oliveira, Rodrigo Bomicieli de. "Identificação do limite entre solo e saprolito em argissolos bruno-acinzentados derivados de rochas sedimentares." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5546.
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The Argissolos (Ultisols and Alfisols) derived from sedimentary rocks occur in the region of Central Depression of the Rio Grande do Sul state, over siltstones and sandstones in the soft wavy reliefs. These soils are predominantly shallow, which gives greater importance to its deep layers. These layers have often been inadequately described in the fields due to the difficulty in interpreting the contact between the soil and saprolite. Moreover, the horizon/layer C has been the subject of disagreement among researchers as yet be considered either saprolite and soil. In this sense, the objective of this study was to analyze different profiles of Argissolos derived from sedimentary material of the the Sanga do Cabral and Santa Maria - Member Alemoa formations, located between the Santa Maria and Sao Pedro do Sul town. This research focused on a morphological, a physical and chemical characteristics of the soils profiles. The results showed two situations: the C is a horizon that has a development showing strong evidence of pedogenesis, with morphology, physical and chemical behavior similar to the Bt horizon, and C is a transition layer between the saprolite (Cr) and soil (Bt), independent of both, but with the possibility of interconnections with them.Os Argissolos Bruno-Acinzentados derivados de material sedimentar ocorrem, na região da Depressão Central Gaúcha sobre siltitos e arenitos em relevos ondulados a suave ondulados. Esses solos são predominantemente pouco profundos, o que confere maior importância as suas camadas subsuperficiais. Estas camadas tem sido, frequentemente, descritas de forma inadequada no campo, devido à dificuldade em se interpretar os contatos entre o solo e o saprolito. Além disso, o horizonte/camada C tem sido motivo de divergência entre vários pesquisadores por ora ser considerado solo ora saprolito. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar diferentes perfis de Argissolos Bruno-Acinzentados derivados de material sedimentar das Formações Sanga do Cabral e Santa Maria Membro Alemoa, dispostos entre os municípios de Santa Maria e São Pedro do Sul. O trabalho seguiu três linhas de investigação, uma morfológica, uma física e uma química. Os resultados apontaram duas situações: o C é um horizonte que apresenta desenvolvimento com fortes indícios de pedogênese, mostrando morfologia e comportamento físico-químico semelhante ao horizonte Bt; e o C é uma camada de transição entre o saprolito (Cr) e o solo (Bt), independente de ambos, mas com possibilidades de miscigenação com os mesmos.
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Yans, Johan. "Chronologie des sédiments kaoliniques à faciès wealdien (Barrémien moyen à Albien supérieur ; Bassin de Mons) et de la saprolite polyphasée (Crétacé inférieur et Miocène inférieur) de la Haute-Lesse (Belgique) : implications géodynamiques et paléoclimatiques." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112202.
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Ce travail traite de l'âge et de la durée des processus d'altération, d'érosion et de dépôt des sédiments kaoliniques, à partir de l'étude de plusieurs exemples localisés en Belgique. Au moyen de plusieurs méthodes, nous montrons que la kaolinite néoformée dans la Haute- Lesse (Ardenne) résulte d'une saprolitisation polyphasée agissant au moins durant le Crétacé inférieur et le Miocène inférieur. Les sédiments kaoliniques à faciès wealdien du Bassin de Mons, datés par l'examen palynologique, sont diachrones: Barrémien moyen à Aptien basal à l'Ouest du bassin et Albien supérieur sensu stricto à l'Est. De plus, les faciès wealdiens, réputés continentaux, renferment des témoins marins. Nous en concluons que l'utilisation du terme "faciès wealdien" ne doit sous-entendre aucune implication temporelle ou paléoenvironnementale. Bien qu'en partie contemporains des faciès wealdiens kaoliniques et également situés dans le Bassin de Mons, les sédiments du Groupe des Grès Verts de la Haine sont dépourvus de kaolinite, suite à des transformations minéralogiques au cours d'une diagenèse jusqu'alors insoupçonnée. Le dépôt des argiles kaoliniques de La-Roche-en-Ardenne est daté du Pléistocène inférieur et du Weichsélien moyen par la palynologie stratigraphique. La kaolinite provient du bassin versant de rivières qui entaillent les saprolites ardennaises formées au Crétacé inférieur et au Miocène inférieur. Nous confirmons de la sorte que la kaolinite peut être stabilisée pendant de longues durées sur le continent avant d'être mobilisée et déposée dans les bassins avoisinants. La mobilisation et la conservation de la kaolinite dépendent de l'action cumulée et contemporaine de plusieurs conditions géologiques précises. Le rôle du climat est mineur: il est dangereux d'associer systématiquement la présence de kaolinite dans une sédiment à un climat contemporain chaud sur le continentThis work deals with the timing in the processes of weathering, mobilisation and deposition of the kaolinitic sediments, as deduced from several case studies located in Belgium. By using various methods, we show that the neoformed kaolinite of the Haute-Lesse (Ardenne) area is the result of a polyphased saprolitisation, which was effective at least twice, namely during the Early Cretaceous, and the Early Miocene. The kaolinitic wealden facies of the Mons Basin are precisely dated by palynology. They are diachronic: Middle Barremian to Earliest Aptian in the Western part of the basin and Late Albian sensu stricto in the Eastern part. Moreover, these facies, usually considered as continental sediments, do contain marine palynomorphs. We therefore recommend to use the term "wealden facies" to define a facies, regardless of any temporal or paleoenvironmental implications. Although they are coeval to the wealden facies, and also located in the Mons Basin, the sediments of the Haine Green Sandstone Group do not contain kaolinite. The lack of kaolinite is related to mineralogical transformations that took place during an unsuspected diagenesis. The deposition of the kaolinite-bearing clays of La-Roche-en-Ardenne is Early Pleistocene and Middle Weichselian in age, as deduced from stratigraphic palynology. The kaolinite within these sediments is undoubtedly inherited from the above-mentioned saprolites formed in the neighbourhood Ardenne area, during the Early Cretaceous, and the Early Miocene. Hence, we confirm that kaolinite can be preserved on the continent for a very long period, before undergoing mobilisation and deposition in the neighbouring basins. The mobilisation and the preservation of kaolinite result from several concurrent geological conditions. The climate is not a major parameter in this matter: as a consequence, the presence of kaolinite in sediments must not be systematically associated with a contemporaneous hot climate on the land
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Mergulhão, Lívia Fernanda Rossatti. "O auxílio de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto na análise de condicionantes estruturais nas instabilidades de taludes em material saprolítico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18132/tde-01032016-115357/.
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Os escorregamentos de taludes de corte rodoviários verificados na região entre as cidades de Jarinu e Campo Limpo Paulista, ambas no estado de São Paulo, são derivados da atuação conjunta do intemperismo, da presença de estruturas reliquiares, e sua geometria, e das técnicas construtivas. Dentre estes fatores, as estruturas reliquiares (foliação e fraturas) desempenham o papel mais importante, pois os escorregamentos ocorrem quando há incompatibilidade entre as atitudes das estruturas e a geometria dos taludes de corte facilitando os escorregamentos, principalmente quando a face de taludes é paralela ou subparalela à foliação e esta mergulha na direção da estrada. O levantamento destas estruturas, utilizando-se em conjunto produtos de sensoriamento remoto, que possibilita a elaboração de uma análise geométrica regional, que também se aplica em escala de afloramento, pois as estruturas geológicas, em qualquer escala, apresentam feições em comum. Os produtos gerados são mapas de forma estrutural, de traços de fraturas e o estabelecimento de setores homogêneos baseados nas diferentes direções da foliação. Nos vários taludes estudados, são elaborados estereogramas que permitem a visualização espacial das descontinuidades. Com base nestes produtos, são feitas previsões de instabilidades, através de uma simulação de três direções de traçados rodoviários, onde são avaliadas as possibilidades de ocorrência de instabilidades. Os resultados obtidos em dados regionais são confrontados com os dados extraídos em campo nos vários taludes estudados, para a obtenção da aplicabilidade da metodologia utilizada.The sliding of highways cut slopes verified between Jarinu and Campo Limpo Paulista, both in São Paulo state, region are originated of action ensemble of weathering, relicts structures presence, geometric and the constructive characteristics. Among them, the relict structures (foliation and fractures) perform the very important hole, because the sliding is effective when there is incompatibility between spacial attitudes of structures and the geometry of cut slopes. In the great number, the geometry of cut slopes facility the sliding, mainly when the slopes surface is parallel or sub parallel to foliation, diverging to the highway bed. The investigation of structures together with remote sensing images enables the elaboration of a geometrical analysis, applicable in outcrop scale, as geological structures in any scale, ranging from microscopical up to regional, have common features. The mapping of joints and foliation were made and well-defined sectors were separated, on the basis of different foliation attitudes. Stereographic nets were made for all slopes studied and the efficiency of graphical stability analysis in saprolitos was estimated, where there is a significant action of erosion processes. Lastly, the possibility of slides and erosional processes within the several sectors is evaluated, along three possible different highway directions. The predicted results, based on regional data, are compared to field data, obtained in the slopes, in order to confirm the applicability of the method under investigation.
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Rutherford, Jasmine Lee. "The role of geology, geomorphology, climate and vegetation, in controlling spatial and temporal changes in groundwater discharge from weathered crystalline basement aquifers in southwestern Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0006.
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[Truncated abstract] The Collie River drainage basin is an important water resource catchment in southwestern Australia. Salinisation of a major water supply within the catchment, the Wellington Reservoir, has arisen due to changes in the water and salt balance in response to land clearing over saprolite aquifers. Paired catchment studies, the Collie Experimental Catchments (CECs), established in the early 1970’s in high and low rainfall areas increased our understanding of water and salt (predominantly chloride) movement in these aquifers through the collection and analysis of high resolution spatio-temporal data. However, the conceptual models developed from this work take little account of landscape heterogeneity, and this has caused problems in subsequent modelling studies, where success in calibrating stream flow has been countered by difficulties in predicting salt loads. The challenge remains to better describe variability in the Collie landscape and understand the influence of climate, vegetation, geology and geomorphology on observed water and salt fluxes. The release of salt from the lower saprolite aquifer and the role of the surficial aquifer in buffering groundwater discharge were investigated. The acquisition, analysis and interpretation of new regolith and geophysical data in 2001-2003 from the CECs, together with data from a high resolution digital elevation model, and existing drilling information, were used to construct a geologicalgeomorphological compartment framework, to observe changes in aquifer behaviour ... Significant differences in the salt flux from compartments have been noted at a range of scales, with implications for both water resource and land management. The approach developed to identify compartments and assess their efficiency could be simplified, using catchment critical parameters determined from geological and geomorphological characteristics. As a consequence, the implementation of a compartment framework in catchments with saprolite aquifers should allow for more informed decisions to be made in the selection of sites for revegetation strategies or the development of engineering works. This is particularly important in the Collie Catchment where reclamation scenarios are currently being discussed. Consideration of the catchment as a compartmentalised system would help manage salt loads in the Collie River and return the Wellington Reservoir to a functional water resource.
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Völker, Jeanette [Verfasser]. "Abhängigkeit der Besiedlung benthischer Invertebraten von Hydromorphologie und Saprobie in silikatischen Mittelgebirgsbächen / vorgelegt von Jeanette Völker." 2008. http://d-nb.info/992785278/34.
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GRACÍK, Jan. "Využití umělých substrátů pro hodnocení kvality odtékající vody z organických a konvenčních kaprových rybníků." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-320539.
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The objective of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the quality of the water after flow through the ponds with conventional (Blatensko, Czech Republic) and organic (Waldviertel, Austria) technologies using the colonization of artificial substrates by macrozoobenthos (MZB) to asses the differences in the influence of different managements of pond farming (organic vs. traditional) on water quality. Samplings were performed in monthly intervals (AprilSeptember 2016) at nine inflow and outflow profiles of four ponds. Samples of MZB were processed in the laboratory. Evaluation of MZB was supplemented by in-situ monitoring of basic parameters of the aquatic environment. The resulting values of saprobic index (SI) match the water quality in outlets in the range valid for the beta to alpha mesosabrobity (SI 2.302.62). In the inlets to the Skaličný and Haslauerteich ponds, where the SI value corresponded the betamesosabrobity (SI 2.482.49), the discharged water quality in the outlet was insignificantly (p>0,05) deteriorated to the alphamesosabrobity (SI 2.54 2.62). On the contrary, in the inlet to the Gebhartsteich pond, where the value SI matched the alphamesosabrobity (SI 2.57), water quality in the outlet was insignificantly (p>0,05) slightly improved (SI 2.54), but the degree of saprobity has not changed. Similarly, in the inlet to the Pančár pond, where the SI value matched betamesosabrobity (SI 2.30), the outlet water quality was insignificantly (p>0,05) slightly deteriorated (SI 2.33), however again the degree of saprobity remained unchanged. Water quality changes after the flow through the investigated ponds resulted in the increase of the diversity index (H´) and vice versa (the worse water quality the lower H´). According to the analysis of the data of environmental conditions in organic and conventional carp ponds, they did not differ significantly. Also the species richness and the total number of individuals were not significantly different. The results of this diploma thesis demonstrated that the applied organic technologies of fish culture in monitored ponds did not have any significant impact (improvement) on the quality of aquatic environment and the composition of macrozoobenthos in the recipients of farm outflows, and also that no significant differences (deterioration) can be documented in the outflows from conventional ponds compared to the organic pond farming management.
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Liu, Li-chia, and 劉力嘉. "Characterization of selected saprobic hyphomycetes from Northern Taiwan." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66rark.
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碩士國立中央大學
生命科學系
102
Hyphomycetes belonging to Fungi Imperfecti subphylum (Deuteromycotina) is a group of fungi that do not have sexual generation or sexual generation yet to be discovered. In Taiwan, many fungi have not yet been found, identified and characterized. This study is focused on the identification and characterization of saprobic hyphomycetes. More than 16 samples on 10 host plants were collected in this study in Northern Taiwan. Clonostachys epichloë, Cl. rogersoniana, Cylindrocladium floridanum, Selenodriella fertilis, Tubercularia longispora, and Verticillium insectorum are new records to Taiwan. In addition, Venustosynnema sp. nov., Myrothecium sp. 1, Myrothecium sp. 2 are new species of the world. Venustosynnema sp. has central setae and peripheral setae, Myrothecium sp. 1 has abundant hook-like marginal hairs surrounding entire synnemata, and Myrothecium sp. 2 has a small amount of hook-like marginal hairs and numerous setae surrounding sporodochia. The morphology of specimens derived from cultures grown on CMA and from natural substrata was compared and described and illustrated. Cl. rogersoniana and T. longispora are described from natural substrata for the first time. In contrast to culture morphology, Cl. rogersoniana on the natural substrate rarely forms Verticillium-like conidiophores. DNA sequence data of ITS regions within nuclear rDNA confirmed the morphological species concept.
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KLOUDOVÁ, Jana. "Macrozoobenthos Pohořského a Dobechovského potoka v Novohradských horách." Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-47284.
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The presented thesis deals with the structure and composition of macrozoobenthos of Pohořský and Dobechovský brooks in the Novohradské Mountains. The evaluation was based on the collections from 10 localities carried out in July 2001, March 2002 and July 2002/2003. In addition to determination and classification of the species found, the collections have also been qualitatively evaluated with the use of the diversity index (saprobic index, Belgian Biotic index) and the similarity index. It has been found that the zoobenthos population of Pohořský and Dobechovský brooks encompasses the species of both trout and grayling zones. In most taxa it concerns characteristic representatives of clear, flowing and adequately aerated water. Mutual species similarity of macrozoobenthos population of Pohořský and Dobechovský brooks is approximately 40%. The comparison of macrozoobenthos population diversity indices of Pohořský and Dobechovský brooks has shown that the Pohořský brook bentic fauna is, according to the obtained data, richer and better balanced. From the saprobity point of view, the Pohořský brook can mainly be placed into oligosaprobic stream class. The water of Dobechovský brook oscillates between oligosaprobic and {$\beta$}-mesosaprobic level.
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GEBAUER, Radek. "Monitoring plůdkových společenstev ve vybraných tocích na Moravě." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-174031.
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Monitoring of 0+ juvenile fish communities was realized in years 2012 and 2013 in 39 localities in 25 selected Moravian rivers. It was realized in collaboration with Povodí Moravy SOE research workers. The aim of this diploma thesis was to conduct a survey of 0+ juvenile fish communities and evaluate basic attributes of these ichthyocenosis (species richness, biodiversity, equitability, abundance and domiance). Secondary aim was the evalutation od hydromorphological conditions and water quality based on data provided by Povodí Moravy SOE. This monitoring was realized using the mobile FEG 1500 electrofishing device. The electrofishing crew moved upstream using continuous fishing strategy. Each locality was selected by highly experienced research workers of Povodí Moravy SOE. Caught fish were determined immediately and carefully retruned to the stream. In total there was present 28 0+ juvenile fish species. The most frequent was chub (Leuciscus cephalus, 23 localities), gudgeon (Gobio gobio, 19 localities) and roach (Rutilus rutilus, 19 localities). In 13 localities occured the fish fry of barbel (Barbus barbus) wich is positive surprise due to its sensitivity to water pollution. In contrast the massive presence of round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) in some localities was an unpleasant finding. 4 localities were without fish fry. This survey has observed increasing trend of biodiversity depending on improving of hydromorphological status while the abundance showed almost no diference. Saprobic index of 0+ juvenilie fish community increased with deteriorating of water quality which could mean that the fish fry is relatively reliable indicator of water quality. The results of this diploma thesis could be used in documenting of Moravian streams and in comparisson with another monitorings in these localities.
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PEŘINOVÁ, Eliška. "Diverzita makrozoobentosu v Evropsky významné lokalitě výskytu raka kamenáče (Austropotamobius torrentium)." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-395961.
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The "Zákolanský potok" takes part in European nature program Special Area of Conservation because of the presence of stone crayfish (Austropotamobius torentium), which is listed as threatened species. The area around brook is intensively agriculturally cultivated. Water from wastewater treatments plants is drained to the local brooks. The aim of the work was to describe diversity of macrozoobenthos on the brook called "Zákolanský potok". Further aim was to evaluate the ecological condition of the watercourse using biotic indexes. The samples of macrobenthos were taken from three profiles in five sampling periods. Profile 1 was control, profile 2 was under the wastewater treatments plants and the third profile was placed down the stream. Diversity, biomass, saprobic index, BMWP, and ASTP scores were evaluated for the community of macrozoobenthos. The saprobic index was evaluated to the beta-mezosaprobity value (2.0-2.4) in the first profile, the saprobic index on the second profile showed a relatively wide range from worse oligosaprobity to worse beta-mesosaprobity (1.2-2.4). On the third profile, the saprobic index ranged from better beta-mesosaprobity to better alpha-mesosaprobity (1.6-2.6). The BMWP and ASPT scores in all profiles refer to medium to low quality aquatic environments. The diversity of the community gained the best values on the 3rd profile, here was found with one more taxon than on the 1st profile. With increasing organic load, diversity decreased on the 2nd profile, although a more sensitive species was found here.
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Duffy, Douglass. "Saprolite Leaching and Iron Control in Concentrated Magnesium Chloride Brines." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/35600.
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MgCl2 brines present a number of potential advantages for the processing of saprolite ores for nickel production. Concentrated MgCl2 solutions enhance the activity of acid used, allow atmospheric leaching at elevated temperature and inhibit magnesium dissolution, which reduces acid consumption and increases metal selectivity. However, with a chloride system it is economically requisite to recover hydrochloric acid, conventionally accomplished by pyrohydrolysis. This work was performed in conjunction with a novel flowsheet for the processing on saprolite ores, which recovers HCl by the precipitation and subsequent decomposition of magnesium hydroxychlorides, alleviating some of the issues with pyrohydrolysis. Leaching and iron control experiments have been conducted in concentrated MgCl2 brines, up to 4.5 m, to determine the most amenable process conditions. It was determined that > 95% extraction of metals was possible using both aqueous and gaseous HCl. In addition, the feasibility of iron control by precipitation with MgO addition was proven.
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Mikulík, Petr. "Posouzení životních podmínek pstruha obecného ve pstruhových revírech Vsetínské Bečvy." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-88446.
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"On the engineering geology of granite saprolite and its significance to the construction of Injaka Dam, South Africa." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2406.
Full textAbstract:
The intention of this work is to provide a deeper understanding of the engineering geological behaviour of granite saprolite and how this affects the engineering of such material, with specific reference to the construction of Injaka Dam in the north eastern portion of South Africa Whilst extensive investigation of weathered granites has been carried out internationally, very little detailed research on the nature of this material is documented locally. The construction of Injaka Dam afforded the opportunity to investigate the saprolite in detail. This study was initially submitted to the Department of Geology and Applied Geology at the University of Natal, Durban (renamed the University of KwaZulu-Natal in 2004) to fulfill the requirement of a Master of Science degree in 200 I. Following this submission, and supported by recommendations made by the external examiners and the project supervisor, it was agreed to upgrade the work and submit this thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Intensive chemical weathering of granite at Injaka Dam site has resulted in the formation of thick saprolitic deposits overlying the weathered bedrock. The granite forms part of the 3 075 Ma Nelspruit Suite which has been intersected by the African erosion surface. The extensive, multicyclic period of weathering and erosion that formed this surface has resulted in deep (up to 35 m) chemical weathering of the underlying bedrock in this area. The construction of Injaka Dam on this material necessitated a thorough engineering geological investigation to understand the nature of the weathering and the possible influences it exerts on the engineering behaviour of the saprolite. This was accomplished by analysing the weathering of the granite and relating the effects of these weathering processes and changes to the engineering behaviour of the material. By applying various chemical and mineralogical indices to the weathered granite, the intensity of weathering and related changes could be quantified and compared with the engineering behaviour of the material. This was achieved by applying a series of engineering indices to the material and relating these to the quantified weathering changes. In this way tentative extrapolation of the engineering behaviour of the material could be gained and used to predict engineering performance. The resultant effects of the engineering behaviour of the material on the design and construction of the dam are also discussed.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu- Natal, 2004.