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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'SAR'

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1

Monteiro, Marcus Vinícius Teixeira. "Processador SAR com autofocalização para o SAR-SIVAM." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2005. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=215.

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O trabalho realizado teve como objetivo implementar um processo de autofocalização baseado no "Mapdrift" em um processador SAR que utiliza o algoritmo "Range Doppler"para gerar imagens a partir do sensor SAR aeroembarcado do SIVAM. O processo implementado utiliza a seleção de linhas azimutais de um bloco de dados brutos do Radar baseado na largura e pico da correlação entre dois "looks" para estimar o parâmetro de autofocalização do filtro azimutal. Os resultados mostram que o processamento de imagens que utiliza a seleção de linhas azimutais é mais rápido e gera qualidade focal semelhante se
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2

Pipia, Luca. "Polarimetric differential SAR Interferometry with ground-based sensors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6951.

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Las técnicas de Interferometría Diferencial se basan en la combinación de varias imágenes SAR con distinta separación temporal y permiten la recuperación de las componentes lineales y no-lineales del proceso de deformación ocurrida en el entorno de interés durante el entero periodo de observación. Condición imprescindible para una correcta estimación de los fenómenos geodéticos es la elevada estabilidad de la plataforma que embarca el sensor SAR. Por esta razón, a nivel operativo se utilizan datos SAR satelitales.<br/>El objetivo de la Polarimetría SAR es describir el entorno de interés analiz
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3

Algafsh, Abdullah. "A comprehensive literature review of SAR polarimetric calibration for Waseda SAR Sensor." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13645.

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Includes bibliography.<br>This dissertation deals with a comprehensive literature review on SAR polarimetric calibration, as well as developing a polarimetric calibration procedure to be used for calibrating the sensor for the Waseda SAR project. The complete work is presented in six chapters. The dissertation starts by introducing Synthetic Aperture Radar Polarimetry (SAR polarimetry) by identifying the research objectives, and explains Waseda SAR project between King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology and the University of Cape Town. A comprehensive literature review on SAR polarimetr
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4

Wuyts, Shirley Lynne. "SAR processing using PVM." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21763.

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Bibliography: pages 120-121.<br>This thesis explores various methods of using PVM (Parallel Virtual Machine) to improve the speed of processing a SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) image. A network of heterogeneous machines were set up as the basis of the parallel virtual machine. SAR processing software was written for testing the PVM. The software performed simplified range and azimuth compression on simulated SAR images of a point target The theory and results were examined as part of the thesis. Complications such as range curvature, range migration and range dependent focusing were not addres
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Manohar, Madhura. "Sigma receptor ligands: a systematic approach in the design and synthesis." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15788.

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The sigma (σ) receptor is a neuromodulatory protein, widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and to a lesser extent, the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Currently, two sigma receptor subtypes are known; sigma-1 receptors (S1R) and sigma-2-receptors (S2R), differing in molecular weight, pharmacological profile, distribution and function. The S1R has been implicated in depression, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, drug abuse and more recently for its involvement in analgesia. The design of highly subtype-selective ligands is limited by a lack of information r
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6

Homann, Hanno [Verfasser], and O. [Akademischer Betreuer] Dössel. "SAR Prediction and SAR Management for Parallel Transmit MRI / Hanno Homann ; Betreuer: O. Dössel." Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1184493987/34.

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7

Margarit, Martín Gerard. "Marine applications of SAR polarimetry." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6944.

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Els oceans mantenen una fràgil i complexa cadena que enllaça un alt nombre de factors biològics, sociològics i econòmics. Actualment, aquest ecosistema està amenaçat per l'activitat humana i uns dels punts més crítics és la sobreexplotació pesquera. Això ha despertat la consciencia de les autoritats d'arreu per a protegir l'entorn marí i assegurar, així, la seguretat i supervivència dels éssers humans. Tal objectiu demana el desenvolupament de polítiques de control que monitorin l'activitat dels vaixells. <br/><br/>Fins l'actualitat, diferents propostes s'han estudiat per monitorar vaixells, c
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8

Darling, Paul Simon. "SAR modelling for ecological applications." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297315.

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9

Sandys-Renton, Jane Belinda Elizabeth. "Segmentation techniques for SAR imagery." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317224.

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10

Beckett, Keith. "Real-time parallel SAR processing." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309878.

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11

Maréchal, Rozenn. "Contribution au SAR spatial distribué." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ESAE0005.

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L'obtention d’images à partir de l'émission, de la réception et du traitement d'impulsions radar (SAR) est soumise à différentes contraintes qui limitent les performances telles que la résolution en distance, la résolution en azimut ou la largeur de la Zone imagée (fauchée). Ces limites sont en partie liées à la dimension finie de l’antenne, en particulier dans le cas du SAR spatial. Pour cette raison, on a cherché à étudier la possibilité de mettre au point des systèmes SAR spatiaux distribués, c'est-à-dire dont la surface d'antenne globale est répartie sur plusieurs plates-formes (généralemen
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12

Buchhaupt, Christopher. "Model Improvement for SAR Altimetry." Phd thesis, Schriftenreihe Fachrichtung Geodäsie der Technischen Universität Darmstadt, 2019. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/9015/1/PhD_Buchhaupt.pdf.

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During the last decades Radar altimetry became an important tool to observe the sea surface with respect to sea level and sea state. Since the launch of CryoSat-2 a new technique called SAR altimetry improves the signal to noise ration of retrieved geophysical parameters and due to the smaller along track footprint a better performance in coastal zones is reached. In the last years several new processing modes were developed and tested to improve the understanding of this new technique such as reduced SAR (RDSAR), low resolution mode including range cell migration correction (LRMC) and fully f
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13

Gorham, LeRoy A. "Large Scene SAR Image Formation." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1452031174.

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14

Gebhardt, Mark William Dewdney. "Speckle reduction in SAR imagery." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18786.

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Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a popular tool for airborne and space-borne remote sensing. Inherent to SAR imagery is a type of multiplicative noise known as speckle. There are a number of different approaches which may be taken in order to reduce the amount of speckle noise in SAR imagery. One of the approaches is termed post image formation processing and this is the main concern of this thesis. Background theory relevant to the speckle reduction problem is presented. The physical processes which lead to the formation of speckle are investigated in order to understand the nature of speckl
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15

Navarro, Sánchez Víctor Diego. "Satellite Polarimetric Differential SAR Interferometry." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/39875.

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16

Sjögren, Thomas. "Development and evaluation of SAR algorithms for image formation and speed estimation in wideband SAR." Licentiate thesis, Karlskrona : Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00455.

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Remote sensing and surveillance are the main application areas for radar in general and synthetic aperture (SAR) radar in particular. Since the first radar system built by Hülsmeyer in 1904, radar has developed so that it is now able to create images from a large distance. In addition to this, the invention of synthetic aperture radar has enabled the ability to create images with high resolution. In this thesis, SAR systems capable of very high resolution imaging are considered, and data from such a system, namely CARABAS-II, is used. The higher the resolution of the system, the better the abi
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17

Sjögren, Thomas. "Development and evaluation of SAR algorithms for image formation and speed estimation in wideband SAR." Karlskrona : School of Engineering, Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00455.

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18

COSTANTINI, FABIANO. "Potential of advanced SAR interferometric techniques of the new generation C-band Sentinel-1 SAR mission." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/214219.

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19

FALABELLA, FRANCESCO. "Spaceborne and Terrestrial Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Systems: Innovative Multi-temporal SAR Interferometric Methods and Applications." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi della Basilicata, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/11563/162987.

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Le tecniche Multi-temporali SAR interferometriche (Mt-InSAR) rappresentano oggigiorno strumenti consolidati per mappare l’evoluzione temporale dei fenomeni di deformazione del suolo Terrestre. Queste tecniche utilizzano congiuntamente sets di interferogrammi SAR differenziali al fine di estrarre la componente legata alla deformazione e produrre così serie storiche di deformazione dei bersagli osservati dal sensore. L'affidabilità delle misure prodotte utilizzando algoritmi Mt-InSAR è strettamente legata alla capacità degli stessi algoritmi nell’isolare esclusivamente i segnali legati alla defo
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20

Gens, Rüdiger. "Quality assessment of SAR interferometric data." Hannover : Fachrichtung Vermessungswesen der Univ, 1998. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=95607121X.

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21

Walessa, Marc. "Bayesian information extraction from SAR images." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964273659.

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22

Aronsson, Peter. "Objektdetektering i SAR- och IR-bilder." Thesis, Linköping University, Communication Systems, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15711.

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<p>This report treats detection in IR-pictures taken from airplanes over the ground. The detection is divided in two parts. First there is a detection with filterkernels with the task to point on targets and objects that look like targets. The second part is a discriminator that demands more calculations and has the task to sort out the false alarms from the discriminator. Both the detector and the discriminator contain thresholds thats been trained from trainingsets of data. The results from the detector was better then expected hence it wasn’t possible to test the diskriminator properly.</p>
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23

Ju, Chen. "Edge-enhanced segmentation for SAR images." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ34190.pdf.

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24

Chang, Yin-Ting Melody. "An ultra-low power SAR ADC." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/14703.

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Wireless sensor networks are used in variety of applications including environmental monitoring, industrial control, healthcare, home automation, traffic control, and temperature and pressure monitoring systems. Many one-time use wireless micro sensor applications require ultra-low-power devices due to the limited energy capacity and lifetime of their small-size battery. Many sensor nodes require an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to convert the analog output of the sensor to digital for storage and/or further processing. In this work, an 8-bit ultra-low-power successive approximation regist
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25

Yousif, Osama. "Change Detection Using Multitemporal SAR Images." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Geodesi och geoinformatik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-123494.

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Multitemporal SAR images have been used successfully for the detection of different types of environmental changes. The detection of urban change using SAR images is complicated due to the special characteristics of SAR images—for example, the existence of speckle and the complex mixture of the urban environment. This thesis investigates the detection of urban changes using SAR images with the following specific objectives: (1) to investigate unsupervised change detection, (2) to investigate reduction of the speckle effect and (3) to investigate spatio-contextual change detection. Beijing and
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26

Snapir, Boris. "SAR remote sensing of soil Moisture." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9253.

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Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has been identified as a good candidate to provide high-resolution soil moisture information over extended areas. SAR data could be used as observations within a global Data Assimilation (DA) approach to benefit applications such as hydrology and agriculture. Prior to developing an operational DA system, one must tackle the following challenges of soil moisture estimation with SAR: (1) the dependency of the measured radar signal on both soil moisture and soil surface roughness which leads to an ill-conditioned inverse problem, and (2) the difficulty in characteri
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Faraci, Francesca Dalia. "Antenna design and optimisation for SAR." Thesis, University of York, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434054.

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28

Salles, Roberto Neves. "Registro automático de imagens SAR interferométricas." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 2011. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m19/2011/08.16.16.47.

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O presente trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para registro automático de imagens SAR interferométricas. Primeiramente as imagens SAR, no formato complexo, são registradas grosseiramente utilizando técnicas de correlação, que resultam em deslocamento em alcance e azimute, na escala de pixel, aplicados à segunda imagem, sem necessidade de interpolação. Opcionalmente pode ser aplicada a filtragem espectral em azimute nas imagens corregistradas, para a melhoria da coerência interferométrica entre elas. A segunda etapa do registro consiste na aplicação do registro fino, através de uma grade de peq
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Kitra, Maria I. "Low-SAR ferrite handset antenna design." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2006. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/35984.

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The purpose of this project was the study of electrically small material coated antennas. In particular the use of a hybrid dielectric-ferrite material was examined, compared to dielectric alone, and ways it can improve antenna performance. The benefits resulting from the inclusion of ferrite were examined using both analytical and experimental methods. Initially a spherical analytical mathematical model was developed, to examine antenna efficiency, bandwidth and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in terms of different mixtures of relative permittivity εr and permeability μr. The theoretical model
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Palayer, Pierre. "La langue sar (sud du Tchad)." Tours, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOUR2010.

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Par greenberg. Phonologie : 23 consonnes, dont des injectives et des pre rieur du mot phonologique. Grammaire : deux principaux types morphosynta nent a la formation des unites fonctionnelles de l'enonce ou des syn ques nominales (completives, qualificatives, specificatives), des<br>Defined by greenberg. Phonemics : 23 consonants among which are injecti ves heigths); a syllabic contrast of intensity is present inside the nite functions : verbal lexeme, nominal lexeme which are differentiated into substantival, pronominal, dicto-nominal and adjectival subclasses
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Souare, Moussa. "Sar Image Analysis In Wavelets Domain." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1405014006.

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32

LE, SIDANER PIERRE, and Georges Stamon. "Compensation de mouvements dans l'imagerie sar." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066544.

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Ce travail decrit d'abord le principe du sar (radar a synthese d'ouverture) et le traitement des donnees, dans le cas ideal d'un radar se deplacant avec un mouvement rectiligne uniforme. Puis sont exposes les differents mouvements parasites, ainsi qu'une evaluation de leur importance. Ensuite on presente des methodes de compensation de mouvements sans apport d'information exterieure (du type autofocus). Une methode qui utilise des donnees trajectographiques pour compenser les mouvements est ensuite proposee. Un simulateur de donnees brutes sar (limite a quelques points brillants) a ete develop
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33

Le, Hégarat Sylvie. "Classification non supervisée d'images SAR polarimétriques." Paris, ENST, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENST0024.

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Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre des travaux menés en télédétection pour le suifi et la discrimination des régions naturelles. Par rapport aux instruments optiques, les systèmes radar permettent d'acquérir des informations complémentaires. Or, l'analyse de l'information contenue dans le signal, et l'étude des caractéristiques physiques des régions imagées nécessite la reconnaissance, sur l'image, des différentes catégories de cibles, présentant différentes propriétés de rétrodiffusion. Le but de la classification est alors de fournir des images où l'information est résumée et qui sont donc
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34

Kennedy, Stuart Alan. "SAR & slow-moving target detection." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6460/.

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This Engineering Doctorate concerns the enhancement and detection of slow-moving targets in SAR images. Moving targets are incorrectly located or not captured at all in SAR images. Slow-moving targets within the clutter-Doppler-band appear at incorrect locations within the SAR image. Detecting these slow targets would have broad applications in defence surveillance, traffic monitoring and perimeter protection. As an industrially motivated project, partnered with Selex ES, this work goes beyond the explanation and confirmation of theories and looks at the practicality of implementing techniques
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Le, Hégarat-Mascle Sylvie. "Classification non supervisée d'images SAR polarimétriques /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35857575f.

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36

Junior, Orlando Demétrio Zaloti. "Avaliação do Modelo Digital do Terreno Extraído de Dados SAR Interferométricos na Banda X do SAR R-99B." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 2007. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m17@80/2008/02.26.19.58.

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No território brasileiro há muitas áreas não cobertas por cartas topográficas e as existentes encontram-se desatualizadas devido às contínuas alterações de uso e cobertura do solo. O Sistema de Proteção da Amazonia (SIPAM) dispoe de aeronaves equipadas com radar de abertura sintética que permitem o imageamento em condições adversas. Este radar foi concebido para tarefas de reconhecimento, sob uma perspectiva civil e militar. O potencial deste sensor para fins cartográficos ainda nao foi explorado. O objetivo desta dissertação é avaliar altimetricamente o modelo digital do terreno interferométr
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Kim, Jin Woo. "Applications of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)/ SAR Interferometry (InSAR) for Monitoring of Wetland Water Level and Land Subsidence." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1374107720.

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38

Kuny, Silvia [Verfasser], and S. [Akademischer Betreuer] Hinz. "Detection of Building Damages in High Resolution SAR Images based on SAR Simulation / Silvia Kuny ; Betreuer: S. Hinz." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/123507238X/34.

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39

Hedayati, Raheleh. "A Study of Successive Approximation Registers and Implementation of an Ultra-Low Power 10-bit SAR ADC in 65nm CMOS Technology." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Elektroniska komponenter, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-72767.

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In recent years, there has been a growing need for Successive Approximation Register (SAR) Analog-to-Digital Converter in medical application such as pacemaker. The demand for long battery life-time in these applications poses the requirement for designing ultra-low power SAR ADCs. This thesis work initially investigates and compares different structures of SAR control logics including the conventional structures and the delay line based controller. Additionally, it focuses on selection of suitable dynamic comparator architecture.  Based on this analysis, dynamic two-stage comparator is select
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Martínez, Vázquez Alberto. "Snow cover monitoring techniques with gb-SAR." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6922.

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Los radares de apertura sintética basados en tierra (GB-SAR) son instrumentos que, aun siendo relativamente jóvenes, se utilizan con éxito para monitorizar operacionalmente deslizamientos de tierra. Por otra parte, el manto nivoso se ha estudiado tradicionalmente a nivel local con sensores invasivos o con radares de onda continua. El trabajo presentado en esta tesis contribuye a la conjunción de ambos campos: el uso de sensores GB-SAR para la monitorización del manto nivoso. En los capítulos 5, 6 y 7 se muestran las tres técnicas desarrolladas: cálculo de la altura del manto nivoso, cálculo de
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Hajnsek, Irena. "Inversion of surface parameters using polarimetric SAR." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963834800.

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Monells, Miralles Daniel. "Orbital differential SAR interferometry with polarimetric data." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405640.

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Space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems have demonstrated great effectiveness to survey wide areas, independently of the weather conditions and the day/night cycle. One of the most exploited applications is Differential SAR Interferometry (DInSAR), and by extension, advanced multi-temporal techniques addressed as Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PSI). These techniques provide the means to retrieve the displacement on the observed terrain surface. Taking advantage of the high coverage provided by this technology, natural and human induced phenomena may be monitored and detected
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Sahin, Halil Ibrahim. "Comparative Evaluation Of Sar Image Formation Algorithms." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612510/index.pdf.

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In the scope of this thesis, simulation-based analyses and comparative evaluation of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image formation techniques, namely Time Domain Correlation, Range Stacking, Range Doppler and Chirp Scaling algorithms, are presented. For this purpose, first, the fundamental concepts of SAR such as SAR geometry, resolution and signal properties are explained. A broadside SAR simulator that provides artificial raw data as an input to the algorithms is designed and implemented. Then, the mathematical background of the imaging algorithms discussed in the thesis is provided. Imple
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44

Heal, John Russell. "Discrete target recognition in polarimetric SAR imagery." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27883.

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The recognition of discrete man-made targets in remotely sensed imagery is an important problem for strategic and tactical applications. The objective of this thesis is to examine whether the extra information content in polarimetric radar imagery will overcome the difficult problems in remotely sensed Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data and improve target recognition capabilities with respect to single channel SAR. In conventional SAR these problems are mainly the result of speckle and receiver noise adversely affecting the limited information available in the single channel of data. To meet
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Wessel, Birgit. "Automatische Extraktion von Strassen aus SAR-Bilddaten." kostenfrei, 2006. http://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/doc/601104/document.pdf.

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46

Showman, Gregory Alan. "Polarimetric calibration of ultra-wideband SAR imagery." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13368.

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47

Rau, Richard. "Postprocessing tools for ultra-wideband SAR images." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13389.

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Wanwiwake, Tippawan. "A microsatellite based synthetic aperture radar (SAR)." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548360.

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49

Yousif, Osama. "Urban Change Detection Using Multitemporal SAR Images." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Geoinformatik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168216.

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Multitemporal SAR images have been increasingly used for the detection of different types of environmental changes. The detection of urban changes using SAR images is complicated due to the complex mixture of the urban environment and the special characteristics of SAR images, for example, the existence of speckle. This thesis investigates urban change detection using multitemporal SAR images with the following specific objectives: (1) to investigate unsupervised change detection, (2) to investigate effective methods for reduction of the speckle effect in change detection, (3) to investigate s
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Halimi, Abderrahim. "De l'altimétrie conventionnelle à l'altimétrie SAR/Doppler." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00951973.

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Abstract:
Depuis plus de vingt ans, les altimètres classiques comme Topex, Poseidon-2 ou Poséidon-3, ont fourni des formes d'onde qui sont utilisées pour estimer de nombreux paramètres tels que la distance entre le satellite et la scène observée, la hauteur des vagues et la vitesse du vent. L'amélioration de la qualité des paramètres altimétriques a nécessité le développement de plusieurs modèles d'échos et d'algorithmes d'estimation paramétrique. Par ailleurs, un grand effort est récemment dédié au traitement des échos côtiers afin d'analyser les mesures altimétriques le plus près possible des côtes. C
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