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1
Jayum, A. Jawan Victor T. "Political change and economic development among the Ibans of Sarawak, East Malaysia." Thesis, University of Hull, 1991. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5341.
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Gihwala, Kiran. "Black economic empowerment funding structures of the Industrial Development Corporation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80486.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.This study considers the impact that the particular funding structure used in the financing of black economic empowerment (BEE) transactions has on the expected outcome. Various structures are evaluated, each with their particular advantages and disadvantages. The report details the history of South Africa, the Industrial Development Corporation (IDC), as well as the black economic empowerment phenomenon. An in-depth commentary on the financing structures used for BEE transactions within the IDC is presented together with a new, remodeled structure to be used in the analysis as part of a comparative study to determine whether the existing preferential Vanilla Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) structure garners the most appropriate result for the BEE entrepreneur. The statistical study tests whether the Vanilla SPV structure, where the financier is reliant on dividends for the repayment of their preference shares, is a better structure than the reworked SPV structure, where the financier is reliant on free cash flow for repayment. The results infer that access to free cash flow is preferred by both the financier, as well as the BEE party, as vesting is higher and the bullet payment required to attain that vesting is significantly lower.
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Maduna, Thembinkosi Penford. "Investment promotion: a Coega development corporation perspective." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3614.
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In March 2002, the Coega Development Cooperation (CDC) announced that the infrastructure design was complete, and the Coega Industrial Development Zone (IDZ) was declared the first IDZ in South Africa. The Coega IDZ was established to improve the delivery of infrastructure in the Eastern Cape by addressing skill shortages, unemployment, constrained planning and project management capacity, under-expenditure, sub-standard infrastructure, and inefficiencies that characterise delivery of infrastructure by government in South Africa generally and the Eastern Cape Province in particular. In the process, socio-economic development and transformation in the Eastern Cape and South Africa as a whole will be advanced. The primary objective of the study was to investigate the extent to which the various determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) influence the investment promotion strategy (IPS) used by the CDC, and how these determinants can be used in the IPS to increase the number of signed investors at the CDC.
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Aguilar, C. F. "Codesa : Strategy formulation for the National Industrial Development Corporation in Costa Rica." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375408.
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Lewanika, Lucas Olebogeng. "Strategically positioning Botswana Development Corporation (BDC) in the market." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53599.
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Study project (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to determine how to strategically position Botswana Development Corporation (BDC) in the market. The idea was born out of the writer's view that the Corporation was losing its market share at the expense of its competitors. The study found that although Botswana is an ideal investment location for foreign direct investment, it is the unfortunate political developments in the region which scare investors away, hence detrimental to the BDC business. It was also discovered that in the financial services industry, in which the Corporation participates, cut-throat competition prevails. Companies in this sector are using quality, efficiencies and competences to competitively position themselves. Those companies which are doing well in these perspectives will attract a larger share of the market. Various models were discovered and recommended for BDC to employ in order to match its strategies and resources to remain competitive in the market. Recommendations which cover a broad spectrum of operations were suggested. These recommendations were brought up with the belief that they will create synergies in the Corporation. The research field merits continuous scrutiny and can also be extended to BDC subsidiaries.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: geen opsomming
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Mumcuoglu, Engin H. "The effect of tax policy on investment : a case study of Turkey." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319385.
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Santana, Deanna J. "Replicating an economic development corporation : recreating new economics for women (NEW) in Oakland, California." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70259.
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Chambers, Eric, and Manuel Patrocinio. "Business Models and Value Creation : A Case Study of New York City Economic Development Corporation." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet (USBE), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-52335.
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Since its establishment as an emerging area of research in strategic management over a decade ago, business model research has had little consensus towards adopting a single definition or common language for this rapidly growing management concept. However, strong agreement as to the relevance of value creation within organizations underlies existing business model literature. Moreover, applications of business model frameworks outside the private sector have been limited. Recent literature has identified business model innovation and design as a critical tool in effective implementation of organizational strategy, and empirical research in business models from new and alternative perspectives may reveal linkages between strategic management issues and effectiveness in creating value in public and citizen sector organizations. Nevertheless, existing academic literature has not yet explored applications of traditional business model frameworks within a public sector context, nor has the need for empirical research linking the business model concept with public sector management been addressed. The main purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of how business models can be defined, redefined, and applied in city economic development agencies for application as a strategic public management tool. An analysis of how the business model of a prominent city economic development agency has been employed and how value is created within this model will be undertaken. This empirical study also aims to determine conceptual linkages between business model applications in city economic development and to contribute a theoretical foundation towards development of future research. Given the multi-faceted applications of the business model concept, the authors have conducted exploratory research targeting the application of current business model concepts and frameworks to a city economic development agency representing an influential global center of finance and commerce, the City of New York. The significance of conducting empirical studies on city economic development agencies is due to the influence in which these organizations have on industrial cluster growth, national economic competitiveness, and citywide and regional transformation. In considering this context, The New York City Economic Development Corporation is the primary economic growth engine for the City of New York, and strives to create and deliver value to citizens, businesses, and other stakeholders of New York City. Findings from this study suggest that economic development professionals have not adequately clarified the term ‘business model’ for promoting common language between strategists, project managers, consultants, and executives to support strategic business model design within city economic development agencies. The authors conclude that equally relevant to framing and applying theoretical foundations grounded in the business model concept, is the identification of value-creating activities within economic development agencies and development of citizen-focused value propositions. This empirical study aims to define, clarify and explore the former, while calling upon a need for future research of the latter.
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SMITH, WINIFRED KAYE. "NEIGHBORHOOD BUSINESS RETENTION AND EXPANSION: AN OPPORTUNITY FOR THE OLD NORTH DAYTON DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1078359958.
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De, La Barre Kenneth. "Inuit investment strategies in northern development : the case of the Makivik Corporation in northern Québec." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61695.
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Furlough-Morris, Stephanie. "Examining Poverty, Entrepreneurship, and Multinational Corporation Participation in South Africa." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4140.
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Economic development is seen as the best means of accomplishing the goal of eradicating extreme poverty, and at the heart of this development are for-profit companies, especially multinational corporations. The specific problem examined in this study was whether levels of poverty in South Africa had been significantly impacted by the activities of multinational corporations and the level of entrepreneurship in its 9 provinces. To build upon empirical research on the sources of poverty alleviation and the impact of large global enterprises, the purpose of this study was to examine the impact of entrepreneurship and multinational corporation presence on the change in poverty levels in the 9 provinces of South Africa. The theoretical framework of the study was based on the theories of economic development and market-based solutions to poverty alleviation that are created through entrepreneurship and the engagement of multinational firms. This quantitative longitudinal study used mixed method linear regression and trend analysis to assess the impact of multinational corporation presence, and the number of new businesses started in the regions of South Africa between 2002 and 2015 on poverty. A significant inverse relationship between poverty and entrepreneurship was identified. As new business registrations increased, poverty declined. There was not a consistently significant relationship for the impact of multinational corporation locations on poverty. Trends in the data were identified that supported economic development as an element in poverty reduction. Those provinces with lower poverty levels had more new businesses and multinational corporation locations. This study may promote positive social change by supporting economic development and market-based solutions in conjunction with other social welfare elements to engage multinational corporations and reduce poverty.
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Oluitan, Roseline. "Financial development and economic growth in Africa : an examination of causation and efficiency." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/8126.
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This thesis assesses the significance of real bank credit in stimulating real output paying particular attention to the factors that prompt financial intermediation within the economy. The thesis contributes to the existing literature on finance and growth by providing fresh empirical evidence in the case of the Nigerian economy and Africa as a whole. In the context of Nigeria, credit Granger causes output, but the reverse is not true. In testing the factors that mobilise credit, I find that exports are negatively related to credit. Moreover, since credit usually fund non-oil exports, I also find that oil exports is negatively related to credit, whereas non-oil exports is positively related to credit. The latter also explains why capital inflows and imports are positively related to credit in my study. Extending the analysis to Africa as a whole, I find that causality is bi-directional. In examining the factors which mobilise credit (based on three measures of output); I find that output consistently exerts a positive influence on credit, whereas inflation and exports exert the opposite effect. However, the impact of government expenditure on credit is ambiguous. These results are re-confirmed when I use an alternative estimator for robustness. In line with the variables used in the Nigerian case, both capital inflow and imports positively influence credit while the impact of exports is negative for the whole of Africa. When examining the drivers of output in the African context, I find that credit and exports positively influence output whereas inflation exerts the opposite effect. The role of government expenditure is equally ambiguous. A further robustness test again confirms these results. The relationship between exports and credit in the literature is positive hence, it is important to investigate why the opposite holds in the Nigerian and African context. As such, I examine the efficiency of the banking system using three different measures, which includes loans, other earnings and other operating income since this may explain the counter intuitive result: export sales in Africa are largely intermediated by multi-national firms who prefer to obtain financing from credit markets that are more efficient than the African banking system. Across Africa, efficiency of the banking system is 74%, 76% and 92% when loans, other earnings and other operating income are respectively used as the output variables. This implies that 26% of credit is allocated in an unproductive way while 24% and 8% of expenditure could be better managed. When dividing the sample into medium and low-income countries, I find the respective levels of efficiency for each of the measures to be 94% and 11%; 83% and 0%; 90% and 0% for loans, other earnings and other operating income as the output variables respectively. This result supports bank loans as the best output variable, which I use further in the estimation. Further clues as to why there should be such differences in efficiency are obtained when the sample is split by regions, since there are regional variations in the use of credit. The Central African region is the least efficient. In these economies, resources are typically held and allocated by a few individuals.
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Au, Si-mi Anna, and 區仕美. "A review on problems faced by land development corporation in launching urban renewal programmes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31967991.
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Walsh, Lauren Arlene. "Investigating the effectiveness of environmental sustainability initiatives at General Motors South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020996.
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There is a consensus globally that climate change is one of the biggest challenges facing operations. Immediate actions are required to reduce the carbon footprint in order for the environment to endure future logistics processes and activities (The National Treasury department of South Africa, 2010). Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are emissions generated from manufacturing processes, distribution networks and treatments processes (Verfaillie and Bidwell, 2000). Companies globally are expected to monitor pollution and focus on reducing the discharge of pollutants. Logistics Managers are therefore pressured to reduce the carbon footprint as it affects the environment and our health. Companies are becoming more concerned with the impact of various activities and processes on the environment. Traditional logistics models, primarily focuses on minimising cost with little focus on the environmental impact and sustaining operations for the future (Sbihi and Eglese, 2009) General Motors (GM) is a multi-national vehicle manufacturer with operations in various countries. GM filed for bankruptcy in 2009 resulting in the formation of the new GM; one of the focus areas was to ensure sustainability which resulted in the introduction of the ‘Sustainability in motion’ program in 2009 (New York Times, 2009). General Motors South Africa (GMSAf) is a vehicle assembler with manufacturing facilities and head offices located in Port Elizabeth. The company is a wholly owned subsidiary of the multinational General Motors Company. The aim of the research is to determine whether a culture that promotes environmentally conscious behaviour exists within employees and their relationships within a team, with management, stakeholders and suppliers. The study will assist in highlighting areas which need improvement to enable the creation of environmentally sustainable initiatives and implementation thereof. The empirical study revealed that the following management commitment, education and training, performance management and participation and involvement were important factors in the effective implementation of an environmental sustainability program.
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Donahue, Maura Stephanie. "Moving Beyond the Corporation: Recovering an Ontology of Participation to Envision New Forms of Business." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1323201925.
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Onyejekwe, Chisa. "Using corporate tax regimes to promote economic growth and development : a legal analysis of the Nigerian corporate tax regime." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/2509.
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The recession that started in the late 2000s has created significant economic and financial challenges globally and within nation states. In particular, oil-producing countries have been further affected by the fall in oil price. It is therefore crucial that alternative, more sustainable methods of sourcing revenue be investigated and utilised. The purpose of this thesis therefore is to examine the use of corporate tax regimes as a sustainable revenue source in promoting economic growth and development in Nigeria. Using a qualitative legal analysis, of the Nigerian corporate tax regime and through an extensive literature review, the thesis identified a number of key findings. Inter alia, that revenue from corporation tax structures are a sustainable revenue source mostly because of the amount of revenue generated through Multinational Corporations (MNCs). Secondly, the existing Nigerian corporation tax regime is in need of reform as there are developmental challenges, including lack of implementation and ambiguous legislation, which continue to thwart its success. Therefore, this leads to establishing how, and to what extent that Nigeria can use its corporate tax regime as a sustainable revenue source. The answer to this lies in the legal framework of corporate tax regimes. This thesis argues that legal uncertainties in the corporate tax regimes are the principal reason for the challenges faced by both state governments and MNCs. The thesis concludes by recommending reforms to the Nigerian tax regime while also recommending a tax compliance strategy for both domestic and international corporate tax regimes. This will set a foundation for corporation tax regimes as a sustainable revenue generation source for developing countries.
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Karamata, Helena Ndapopile. "Corporate social responsibility at Namdeb Diamond Corporation : an exploratory case study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/851.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2008.ENGLISH SUMMARY: The onset of globalisation has brought major shifts in business conduct where stakeholder expectations and business priorities and obligation are concerned, bringing a whole new meaning to the issue of sustainable development. In the past, sustainable development essentially concerned the environment, particularly the safeguarding of ecological interests through more responsible business practices. However, over the years, this perspective has evolved to give equal priority to economic, ecological, as well as social interests. The shift in business priorities and obligation has increased the significance of corporate social responsibility (CSR), or the discretionary contribution of corporate resources towards social, environmental and economic development, as defined by the study. The practice of CSR, too, has evolved over time – from being mostly once-off, random philanthropic donations, to a more strategic approach that aligns CSR initiatives with national and corporate objectives. Today, CSR has become an item on many corporate agendas worldwide and hence, the study seeks to explore the concept of corporate social responsibility to gain a deeper understanding of the issue. The aims of the study are to gain an understanding of Corporate Social Responsibility and its dynamics, to establish the nature and scope of CSR at NAMDEB Diamond Corporation, and to establish how CSR at NAMDEB aligns with current global approaches and practices. These will be achieved through an analytical study of CSR literature, an exploration of Government’s expectations of the private sector with regard to CSR, and by exploring NAMDEB’s CSR initiatives and practices. In Chapter 2, the meaning of CSR is explored and defined, followed by a discussion of the history, trends, approaches and practices in CSR. The chapter also presents global initiatives relevant to sustainable development and CSR. Following the literature review, Chapter 3 explores the Government’s expectations of the private sector in terms of its support and involvement in socioeconomic development in Namibia. NAMDEB Diamond Corporation (Pty) Ltd was selected for the case study, being a leading mining company in Namibia. The Company is the second-largest employer in Namibia, only second to Government, and the country’s largest single taxpayer. In Chapter 4, the study explores the Company’s CSR initiatives and practices to establish the scope and nature of CSR at NAMDEB. The study then seeks to determine the approach adopted by the Company in implementing CSR, and how it aligns with global approaches and practices. The main conclusions of the study and recommendations to the Company are laid down in Chapter 5.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die aanvang van globalisering het ‘n groot verskuiwing veroorsaak aangaande die besigheidspraktyk van belangstellendes, hul besigheidsprioriteite, verantwoordelikhede en ‘n heel nuwe betekenis vir volhoubare ontwikkeling. In die verlede was volhoubare ontwikkeling meer gemoeid met die omgewing, veral die beskerming van sekere ekologiese belange deur middel van meer verantwoordelike besigheidspraktyke. Oor die jare het die konsep van volhoubare ontwikkeling soveel verander en gee nou ook gelyke aandag aan ekonomiese, ekologiese sowel as sosiale belange. Die verskuiwing in besigheidsprioriteite en verantwoordelikhede het die belang van korporatiewe-sosiale verantwoordelikhede (KSV) verhoog, of te wel die oordeelkundige bydrae van korporatiewe hulpbronne vir sosiale-, omgewings en ekonomiese ontwikkeling, soos deur die studie gedefineer. Die praktyk van KSV het ook mettertyd ontwikkel – van eenmalige, willekeurige filantrofiese donasies, na ‘n meer strategiese benadering wat nasionale sowel as korporatiewe objektiewe met KSV inisiatiewe inskakel. Deesdae is KSV ‘n item op agendas van baie wêreldwye korporasies, en gevolglik is die studie se doel om die konsep van KSV te eksploreer en te ontleed om sodoende dit beter te verstaan. Die doel van die studie is om KSV en sy dinamika beter te verstaan asook die omvang van KSV te NAMDEB Diamand Korporasie, en om vas te stel hoe KSV te NAMDEB met huidige wêreldwye benaderings en uitvoerings inskakel. Dié word bereik met ‘n analitiese studie van KSV literatuur, ‘n eksplorasie van die regering se verwagting van die private sektor aangaande KSV, en met die ondersoek van NAMDEB se KSV inisiatiewe en praktyke. In Hoofstuk 2 word die betekenis van KSV eksploreer en gedefineer. Hierop volg ‘n bespreking oor die geskiedenis, tendens, benaderings en uitvoering van KSV. Die hoofstuk beeld ook wêreldwye inisiatiewe wat relevant is tot KSV en volhoubare ontwikkeling. Die literatuur oorsig word deur Hoofstuk 3 gevolg, wat die regering se verwagting van die private sektor in terme van dié se ondersteuning en betrokkenheid by die sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkeling in Namibie eksploreer. NAMDEB is vir hierdie gevalstudie geselekteer omdat dit ‘n leidende korporasie in die mynwese van Namibia is. Die Maatskappy is die tweede grootste werkverskaffer in Namibie, naas die regering, en is ook die grootste enkel belastingbetaler in die land. Hoofstuk 4 kyk na die Maatskappy se KSV inisiatiewe en praktyke om sodoende die omvang en natuur van KSV té NAMDEB te bepaal. Die studie probeer verder om die benadering wat deur NAMDEB aangeneem is met die implementering van KSV te bepaal en hoe dit met wêreldwye benaderings en praktyke inskakel. Die hoofafleidings van die studie en voorstelle oor KSV aan die Maatskappy word in Hoofstuk 5 bespreek.
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Gorvy, Sean B. "Capital accumulation, local democracy and the state : tension management in urban economic development in the UK with special reference to the London Docklands Development Corporation and the West Midlands Enterprise Board, 1981-1990." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239372.
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Shuma, Baraka John. "Attracting and regulating foreign direct investments in biofuels production in Tanzania." Thesis, UWC, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3121.
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Kinuthia, Wanyee. "“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.
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This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.
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Cheng, Yu-Ying, and 鄭毓瑩. "The Economic Development of Foochow People in Sarawak（1900-1962）." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65595581492071744002.
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碩士淡江大學
歷史學系碩士班
99
In1900, Wong Nai Siong recruited Foochow People to Sibu region of Sarawak, they developed river bank of the Rajang. In 1904, James Hoover was appointed as “Protector of the Foochow”, Lau Hoi Chew, Wong King Ho, and he cooperated to built schools and churches, recommend plating rubber, constructed modern equipment. Foochow people maintained contacting with kinsmen or friends and neighbors in China, gathering their power to develop economy. The price of rubber fell sharply in the World War One and The Great Depression. In 1928, Sibu had a fire accident, therefore Foochow People lost their jobs. During the Japanese Occupation in 1942-1945, people were mired in difficulties; the development of society was stopped. Confronting these difficulties, Foochow People still advance courageously, expanding their commercial domain in Sarawak. After World War Two, the population of Foochow People grew up rapidly. The traffic of Sarawak got better, they moved to the other regions. The Methodist Church and Foochow Association distributed to Sarawak, so Foochow People could help each other in everywhere. They assembled own economic strength, especially in baking and lumber industry, by discussing Foochow’s businesses to understand Foochow People’s economic development in Sarawak. In the thesis ,we can discuss that Foochow People emigrate from China to Sarawak in early 20th, to 1962 this period, Foochow People how to use the advantage of population and dialect group’s strength to develop successfully in every trade and let Foochow People stand in the top of Sarawak’s economy.
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"Bank community development corporation investments in community economic development." UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, 2009. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3355452.
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Jackson, David. "Regional economic development by crown corporation : the case of Cape Breton /." 2003. http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk4/etd/MQ93035.PDF.
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Thabede, Mthokozisi Herbert. "The role of the Industrial Development Corporation in regional development in Southern Africa." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/585.
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CHEN, LIN-LING, and 陳琳玲. "A study of the relationship between Brazilian economic development and multinational corporation." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65470022106398224468.
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Lubo, Kasongo. "Corporate obligations towards the realization of the right to development." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10977.
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LL.M. (Human Rights Law)The idea of “development” being a legitimate universal human entitlement is not a new phenomenon. The emergence of this concept can be traced back to a number of universal norms which emerged from the United Nations (UN) legal framework since its creation in 1945.These norms include principles such as: greater democracy and representation in international relations; the economic complementarities of independent States; individuals as beneficiaries of social, economic and political development; respect for human rights; and the interrelationship between human rights and development.1 These principles provided the background against which the first UN working group on the Right to Development started elaborating a legal framework aiming at providing a binding solution to the conflict between industrialized States and developing States concerning the distribution of the world’s resources in 1970. At that time, the atmosphere at the UN Commission on Human Rights was highly charged with ideological positioning. Socialist countries pressed for peace and disarmament; developing States for development and an end to apartheid; Western industrialized States for establishing damage control machinery to scrutinize violations of civil and political rights.2 In 1977, the Commission on Human Rights submitted to the U.N Secretary General its first proposal which considered the suggestion of the UN Working group on the Right to Development. The proposal suggested that the “universal entitlement to development” was a prerogative of States on behalf of their populations.3 This proposal was rejected in 1979 by the conservative North American, European members of the U.N, and other committee members.
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Marcello, Elizabeth Marie. "State Public Authorities, Local Politics, and Democratic Planning: New York’s Empire State Development Corporation." Thesis, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-15fb-v524.
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Public authorities supplement routine government functions by building infrastructure, maintaining bridges, building stadiums and convention centers, managing public housing, and running mass transit systems. These special purpose governments are a fixture of urban development and service delivery. Drawing on a framework informed by theories of public authorities and intergovernmental politics, this study examines how statewide public authorities interact with localities and what the implications are for intergovernmental politics and local democratic planning. This research focuses on a state public authority in New York State responsible for economic development: the Empire State Development Corporation. Through archival analysis, interviews, legislative review, and document and project analysis, I show that when a public authority carries out economic development, it can facilitate local economic development planning by overcoming local political inertia, or it can hinder a locality’s planning efforts by substituting statewide economic development interests for local interests. In both cases, there is a negative effect on local democratic processes. By overriding local laws, acting in isolation from the public and the legislature, and allowing the businesses community special access to the public authority, the public authority subverts deliberative and inclusive democratic processes. This study concludes by suggesting ways that public authorities can take up democratic planning principles.
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Wu, Yi-Shan, and 吳宜珊. "The Policy Choice of Environmental Protection and Economic Development -The Case of Formosa Chemicals and Fiber Corporation in Changhua." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55602897466058409592.
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碩士國立中興大學
國家政策與公共事務研究所
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Recently, as the living standard increases, the demand of quality environment increases as well. As a result, more and more environmental movements emerge. These movements show that common people are no longer indifferent to the environmental destruction anymore. Instead, people express their requirements, fight for their rights and interests, and seek to improve the status quo through collective actions. Environmental protection and economic development are normally on the opposite sides, so in the process of making the policy, the government often faces the policy choice dilemma of striking a balance the two ends. The controversial company, Formosa Chemicals and Fiber Corporation in Changhua (FCFC), is facing the selection of economy and environmental protection. The recent lockout caused many problems such as the residents’ expectation of good air quality, transformation and upgrade of the industry, and the employment issues of its former employees. How to seek for a good balance still challenges the Changhua county government, the Coporation, and the residents in Changhua including the employees of FCFC. This research uses case study method by focusing on three main aspects, i.e., professionalism, interests, and values. Data was collected via in-depth reviews. In view of the disputes of this case, there is an extremely large difference between the county government and Changhua Formosa Chemicals and Fiber Corporation in the interpretation of the law. One side argued that the envirionmental standard was not met, while the other side contended completely the opposite. Due to the lengthy administrative process, the lockout appeared. It is found that the upgrade of pollution control equipments and deployment of renewable energies are critical in order to substaintially mitigate air pollutions. It is worth further exploring as to look for better solutions of environmental protection without the costs of economic growth. Meanwhile, the legitimacy must also be taken into consideration. These elements are all indispensable.
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Mnisi, Bernard Genock. "The role of the development corporation as a delivery instrument of the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) in the Northern Province." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7396.
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M.A.The complexity and nature of South Africa's socio-economic problems have stirred the need for an innovative approach and strategy towards development. The African National Congress's Reconstruction and Development ProgramMe (RDP) has therefore been adopted by the Government of National Unity in 1994 to redress injustices and imbalances in our society, many of which have been created by apartheid. The past saw the formation of 'homelands' and the subsequent establishment of development corporations which were meant to drive 'development' in these areas. The new democratic dispensation therefore calls for these institutions to appreciate the shifts in development thinking, thus aligning themselves with the RDP. This study therefore looks at the role which the development corporations can play in the implementation of the RDP. This however, does not suggest that they are the only institutions able to do so, but that their transformation could result in them making a positive contribution to this Programme. Specific reference to the Northern Province, being comprised of three former homelands, is made in the study. Much emphasis is placed upon how the provincial development corporation (established through the merging of the three former corporations), can apply the principles of the RDP, as well as contribute towards the implementation of its key programmes. Strategies and approaches are proposed in this regard.
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George, Santosh Chinamma J. "Building alternative frameworks or surviving in the status quo? a case study of a Denver CDC /." Diss., 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/44432030.html.
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Mqoqi, Nomathamsanqa. "Can the Industrial Development Corporation (IDC) of South Africa emulate the success of the Brazilian Economic and Social Development Bank (BNDES) in financing enterprises and boosting manufacturung?" Thesis, 2014.
Find full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.M. (Finance & Investment)--University of the Witwatersrand, 2011.This paper attempts to answer if the Industrial Development Corporation (IDC) can or should emulate the funding methodology of the Brazilian Economic and Social Development Bank (BNDES). The funding methodology of BNDES is discussed in terms of how it sources and applies its funds within the Brazilian economy following the Brazilian government’s strategy; compares this to industrial policy formulation in the South African economy and the IDC taking into consideration the South African economic structures, banking system and the multiple developmental institutions South Africa has. The conclusion answers if South Africa will be able to emulate BNDES.
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Mhlahlo, Petunia Siphiwe. "Assessing perceptions on performance measures and funding processes at a development finance institution in South Africa." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23157.
Full textAbstract:
The Industrial Development Corporation is the largest provider of development funding in South Africa. Despite having documented processes for assessing funding applications, which include traditional performance measures, the impairments as a percentage of outstanding funding book are increasing. However, scholarly literature indicates that traditional performance measures seem inadequate, with Economic Value Added providing more detailed performance company. The study assesses the Industrial Development Corporation employee’s perceptions on stipulated and additional performance measures and its funding processes. The study followed a quantitative research design using a questionnaire. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to analyse the data. The study found that stipulated performance measures are mostly used, but not Economic Value Added. Funding processes could be enhanced through more performance measures and additional pre and post investment processes. It is recommended that processes be enhanced and the addition of Economic Value Added be investigated to assist in reducing impairments.Management Accounting
M. Phil.
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Joko, Michael Kiyong Kimbi. "Investor protection in empowerment schemes of arrangements and joint ventures." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5633.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, I have attempted to highlight the problems that face investors, both black and white, in South Africa, especially in the light of the effects of the new legislation promulgated after apartheid was abolished. The legislation with which I am most concerned, is the legislation which was promulgated to promote the entry of blacks into the South African economy. In chapter one, I deal with the concept of empowerment from the constitutional view point and the problem of its definition. I also discuss out the relevant new legislation that in my argument I believe impacts on corporate activity and then deal with the distinction between an "arrangement" within its ordinary meaning in corporate law distinct from that as defined in the in the Companies Act 61 of 1973. In chapter two, I deal with the dangers facing an individual investor, the benefits of
incorporation, the problem of the existence of money revolving schemes, and the effects of a lack of education amongst previously disadvantaged investors. In chapter three, I deal with joint ventures, their benefits, the effect of the Competition Act 81 of 1998 on joint and potential areas of conflict between black and white partners. Certain aspects of fraudulent and negligent conduct of directors are examined. In Chapter four, I deal with the methods of executing mergers and acquisition in relation to empowerment companies, their advantages and disadvantages, certain procedures necessary for the protection of investors like due diligence inquiries, the protection offered by the present company legislation and the common law and criticisms of the courts to protect shareholders. I look at a case study and special considerations in mergers and acquisitions. In chapter five, I look at the problem of capital in empowerment companies, the various methods that have been used to raise capital, and the loopholes in the law that affect some of these arrangements. I have focused specifically on special purpose vehicles and buyouts. In chapter six, I deal with the impact of government action and government policy on
empowerment and I have compared this with what has happened in other countries. I conclude by recommending that the Black Empowerment Commission should be given teeth to take corrective measure towards empowerment.Thesis (LL.M.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2001.
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Devaraj, H. "A Framework to Measure the Socio-Economic Impact of Development Programs Using Malmquist Index." Thesis, 2015. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3668.
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The main objective of this research is to evaluate the socio economic impact of the development programs like MGNREGA, JnNURM and development of Roads project, on the intended target area. The entire thesis can be divided in to two parts; (1) developing method to evaluate the socio economic impact assessment and (2) case studies. Two different techniques were used to evaluate the change in the productivity. Initially the change is measure by calculating the difference in the efficiencies between two time period using base period and current period production technologies. To illustrate this method a case study of MGNREGA has been considered to evaluate the impact of seventeen districts of the country. From the results it is found that there is difficult in comparing the two efficiencies due to the scaling issue of two production technologies. Further Data Envelopment Analysis is used to evaluate the distance function in the calculation of Malmquist index (MI). MI gives the productivity change between two time periods and is calculated as the geometric mean of two ratios measured with reference to the time period and time period respectively. A new approach is presented by interpreting the two ratios of MI separately using the distance functions to identify the productivity change between two time periods. Three different regions were identified to determine the productivity change; improvement region which observe improvement in the productivity between two time periods, deterioration region which indicate deterioration in the productivity and status quo region suggesting the stagnation region. Two case studies i.e. Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation and development of roads under the name “5054-Decongestion of Roads project” were considered. The impact of Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM) funds on the performance of Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC) is studied using the proposed method. The results suggest that for 50 percent of the overall productivity have improved due to the intervention. The deterioration is mainly because of the addition input surplus in terms of number of buses and output slack in terms of reduced load factor, effective distance travelled, operational costs and increase in number of breakdown and accident rates for these DMU’s. The socio economic impact of the roads developed by Government of Karnataka under the name of “5054-Decongestion of Roads project” in and around Bangalore was also studied using this method and the results shows that out of five DMU’s four DMU’s show improvement in the productivity.
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Gear, Simon. "Assessing the presence / absence of environmental reporting in the annual reports of South African listed companies." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/16830.
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A research report submitted to the Faculty of Science, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. 30 October 2014.The reporting of non-financial data has steadily increased over the past three decades and there is evidence that including social and environmental indicators in the annual report is correlated with improved environmental performance of listed companies. The annual reports of a selection of 82 JSE-listed companies, including the full JSE Top 40, were analysed for mentions of the natural environment for the reporting periods of 2010 and 2012. The introduction of the King III principles by the JSE occurred between these two periods, providing an opportunity to assess the impacts that this move had on annual reporting. Attention was paid to mentions in the leadership reviews by the Chairmen and the CEOs, presence of empirical environmental data, environmental KPIs and the manner in which these data were presented and discussed in the report. In addition, a survey asking qualitative details of company reporting policy was conducted among the staff members responsible for environmental reporting of these companies. The standard and sophistication of environmental reporting varied widely across the sample, with Top 40 companies generally reporting better than non-Top 40 companies. Primary industries were more likely to provide empirical data than service industries and only agricultural industries appeared concerned with the manner in which changes in the natural environment could affect their business. There remains a wide variation in the type and detail of environmental reporting across the sample with very little evidence that the data, as reported, play a meaningful role in the decisions of either management or investors.
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Haw, Alexander Francis. "Comparing the implementation of sustainability initiatives in national and multinational fast moving consumer goods companies." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/23527.
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Masters in the Field of Environmental Sciences (MSc CW/RR) - GEOL7007
Research Report School of Animal Plants and Environmental Science. Johannesburg 2017.In recent times increasing emphasis has been placed on the important role that corporations must play in the creation of greener economies. This has given rise to greater corporate environmental disclosure and reporting, and a wealth of research into the link between sustainability reporting and financial and environmental business performance. Notwithstanding this, it has been noted that corporate responses to environmental sustainability issues are highly variable, and very little research has been conducted to determine where businesses focus their environmental sustainability efforts and to what extent they have made measureable progress in this regard. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the implementation of sustainability initiatives across a variety of fast moving consumer goods companies, including large multinational organisations, privately owned South African and publically traded JSE listed companies. This was achieved through the evaluation and scoring of an environmental self-assessment questionnaire distributed annually over a three year period between 2012 and 2014. In total, the survey, which covered a cross section of business relevant environmental issues, allowed for the profiling of 851 company responses. Scoring of these responses was based on a defined matrix with a grading system of 0 – 6. Results showed that overall, larger companies appear to be making significantly better progress when it comes to tackling environmental issues than their smaller privately owned competitors. Of the product categories investigated, the sustainability performance of liquor suppliers was the best while transport suppliers scored significantly lower than their peers. Publically listed JSE-listed companies and large multinational companies had similar sustainability performance to one another but both these groups performed significantly better than their privately owned South African competitors. Of those supplier Groups surveyed, JSE listed companies were the only business Group who showed significant year-on-year improvement in performance. An evaluation of scores achieved across the different environmental issues covered revealed that suppliers indicated they performed best in the areas of waste minimisation, operational energy mitigation and sustainable product design, while they made least progress when it came to climate change mitigation, sustainability reporting and biodiversity conservation. Results suggest that overall: companies made most progress on environmental issues that offered the greatest potential for increasing revenues or reducing operating costs; large public corporations performed significantly better than privately owned companies when it came to tackling environmental sustainability issues; and despite increasing emphasis being placed on transitioning to more sustainable business models, only one group of suppliers showed a measurable improvement in sustainability performance over the course of the study.
LG2017
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Powell, Jonathan Anthony. "Corporate sustainability reporting and practice of listed companies." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11277.
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M.Com. (Business Management)South African companies now realise that they have a responsibility to ensure that the natural resources as well as the people living within the communities in which they operate must be preserved and nurtured to ensure that future generations enjoy their benefits as much as the current generation does today. Companies are under ever-increasing pressure from both internal and external stakeholders to consider the environmental and social impacts of their operations and to mitigate these impacts. To this end, sustainable development (SD) has gained significant importance and the reporting of sustainability performance is the means by which companies communicate their efforts to their stakeholders. This study analyses the relationship between sustainability performance and financial performance to ascertain whether the ‘business case’ for sustainability exists in South African listed companies. There has been a substantial amount of research on the topic of SD and its implications for companies; the focus for this study however is on whether sustainability initiatives are important indicators of financial performance. Research conducted by Montabon, Sroufe and Narashiman (2007:998), assessed the relationship between corporate reporting, environmental management practices and company performance, however the unit of analysis was North American, British and Australian companies. This study will replicate the study of Montabon et al, with a focus on South African Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) listed companies. In addition, comparisons will be drawn between developed world companies and companies within an emerging market. Pertinent literature on the topic has been reviewed and the results will be compared to the work of Artriach, Lee, Nelson, and Walker, J. (2010); Reed (2001) as well as Porter and van der Linde (1995). The results of the study reveal that an overall positive relationship exists between sustainability performance and financial performance thus, the research supports the notion that efforts to preserve and nurture environmental and human resources lead to improved financial performance.
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Mashatola, Mopai Clement. "Economic and institutional factors affecting the performance of the graduated mortgage loan repayment scheme used by medium-scale sugarcane farmers in KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5506.
Full textAbstract:
Private sector sugar millers and Ithala Development Finance Corporation (Ithala)
implemented a graduated mortgage loan repayment scheme in the 1995/96 sugarcane
production-season to try and improve access to farmland by aspirant commercial
farmers in KwaZulu-Natal. By March 2001, the scheme had financed 106 "medium
scale farmers" (MSFs), 99 of whom were still in the scheme (one loan had been
repaid from own funds, and another six from the proceeds of life insurance policies).
The first aim of this study was to analyse factors affecting whether or not the MSFs
were current or in arrears on loan repayments as at 31 March 2001. A logit model
based on full information for 83 MSFs shows that the estimated probability of a MSF
being current on loan repayments was higher for clients with higher levels of average
annual gross turnover relative to loan size, and for clients with access to substantive
off-farm income. This suggests that farm size (proxied by annual farm gross turnover)
does matter when policymakers in South Africa consider future similar schemes
designed to improve access to commercial farmland by people that previously could
not buy farmland. Smaller-sized, creditworthy farms with loan sizes that are relatively
low compared to the expected average annual gross income may also be viable.
Access to off-farm income could also be considered as a criterion in selecting
potential farmers for future similar schemes, as it helps to provide additional liquidity
to fund future operations and debt repayments, and can reduce leverage levels.
The second aim was to conduct personal interviews with the 99 MSFs between July
and September 2001 in order to identify what aspects of the scheme could be
improved for new members . Responses from 88 of these MSFs show that 68% of
them would opt to first rent land before purchasing, while 78% of them recognize, or
have experienced, the cash flow problem associated with land purchase. Most of the
MSFs felt that long-term sugarcane supply agreements constrain enterprise
diversification, and that the quality of mentorship that they currently received was not
satisfactory. Industry players could consider leveraging donor funding for
empowerment projects to improve the quality of future mentorship programmes.
There is also some scope for Ithala to improve the client-lender relationship by better
clarifying the structure of the graduated repayments, sending loan statements on time,
and helping clients to interpret loan statements. Growers perceive the need for a
coordinator to monitor, and advise on how to improve, their financial performance this
could be a new commercial service opportunity. Using an independent valuer to
conduct farm valuations may also be necessary to avoid perceptions of bias in the
value of farms offered for sale by the millers.
A logit model of the MSFs' preferences for first renting land before purchase shows
that new growers joining this scheme, or similar schemes for other farm products, with
relatively less liquidity and less farming experience should be given the choice to rent
land with an option to purchase. The preference for first renting by most of the
surveyed MSFs could indicate that many very highly leveraged MSFs still experience
cash flow stress despite the interest rate subsidy. A second policy implication,
therefore, is that the current subsidy level, which reduces the effective starting interest
rate level to about ten per cent relative to a typical five per cent current return on land,
could be increased to promote access to farmland markets. Alternatively, loan terms in
the next round of the scheme could be changed to require higher proportions of own
equity (lower leverage levels), or to permit the deferral of principal payments, or to
permit the purchase of smaller farms by creditworthy, part-time farmers. Another
strategy to improve liquidity is to advise growers to limit family drawings in the early
years after farmland purchase.Thesis (M.Sc.Agric.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2003.
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Masse, Marie-Joëlle. "Le rôle des organismes communautaires dans le développement économique local : le cas de Côte-des-Neiges/Notre-Dame-de-Grâce." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6146.
Full textAbstract:
Les changements économiques des dernières décennies telles que la mondialisation et la libéralisation des marchés ont modifié la structure des entreprises et les flux d’échanges, et ce en affectant l’organisation du territoire. Les services gouvernementaux, appuyés des organismes communautaires, ont réagi en développant diverses stratégies à l’échelle locale. Ainsi, ils répondent à une variété de besoins socioéconomiques et s'adaptent aux changements dans les quartiers montréalais. Sur le plan économique, diverses organisations favorisent l'entrepreneuriat local par diverses actions et stratégies. Cette recherche s'intéresse au rôle et aux effets des organismes communautaires dans le développement et la consolidation de petites entreprises via leur rôle sur la viabilité et la vitalité des entreprises dans l’un des arrondissements les plus hétérogènes de Montréal. Spécifiquement, elle s’intéresse à l’effet de ces actions sur le développement entrepreneuriale locale dans l’arrondissement de Côte-des-Neiges/ Notre-Dame-de-Grâce à cause de son caractère hétérogène sur le plan ethnique, sur le plan socio-économique et de ses particularités géographiques.
Les résultats obtenus indiquent que la viabilité des entreprises est à la base de la majorité des actions et stratégies déployés par les organismes de soutien. Pour ce qui est de l’enracinement des entreprises, il y a beaucoup d’externalités liées au marché qui influencent les décisions du lieu d’établissement et de relocalisation et qui sont hors de portée des actions des organisations. Globalement, nous pouvons dire que Montréal est une ville résiliente. En effet, l’organisation du milieu communautaire permet, malgré quelques lacunes dans les stratégies de promotions et de répartitions des tâches, un soutien adéquat aux entrepreneurs. Du travail reste à faire afin de valoriser l’entrepreneuriat comme métier auprès de la population et encourager les universitaires à auto-entreprendre.The economic changes of the last decades such as globalization and liberalization of markets has changed the business structure and trade flows, thus affecting the organization of the territory. Community organizations, complementary with government services, have responded and are responding with various strategies, including those acting locally. They are responding to a variety of socio-economic needs and are adapting to changes in neighbourhoods. On the economic front, various organizations promote local entrepreneurship through various actions and strategies. This research examines the role and impact of community organizations in the development and consolidation of small businesses. How do the organizations impact on the vitality and viability of businesses in one of the most heterogenic boroughs of Montreal. We are also interested in their strategies and actions to improve the viability and business roots in the community, specifically on the impact of these actions on the local entrepreneurial development in Cote-des-Neiges / Notre-Dame-de-Grâce because of its heterogeneity in terms of ethnicity, socio-economic and its geographical features. The results obtained indicate that the majority of actions and strategies undertaken by organizations refer to enterprise viability. In terms of firmly establishing companies, there are many externalities that influence the entrepreneur’s decisions on the establishment and relocation of enterprises which are beyond the actions of local organizations. Overall, we can qualify Montreal as a resilient city. Indeed, the organization of the community services permits, despite some shortcomings in the strategies for promotion and distribution of tasks, an adequate support to entrepreneurs. Work remains to be done on promoting entrepreneurship as an occupation among the population and encourage academics to work in this field.