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1
Robson, Rachel. "Gendang Melayu Sarawak: A pantun exchange of the Sarawak Malay community." Thesis, Robson, Rachel (1995) Gendang Melayu Sarawak: A pantun exchange of the Sarawak Malay community. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 1995. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52974/.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper I investigate an oral pantun exchange (known as Gendang Melayu) of the Sarawak Malay community. Fieldwork was completed in two trips to Kuching, Sarawak in 1990 and 1991.
The paper begins with a brief history of the Sarawak Malay community. I then look in some detail at traditional Malay poetry and pantun in particular before going on to look at the gendang tradition in Sarawak.
I begin with a detailed examination of a gendang performance and its setting as well as what is involved in a bermukun exchange. The training and role of the various singers and dancers is also documented. I have looked briefly at the music and the instruments but lack the musical expertise to do justice to this aspect of gendang. A history of gendang performance and an examination of historical changes in performance have also been included.
In addition, I examine the performance situation closely. Firstly to determine what constitutes a performance and secondly what constitutes an exchange of pantun as part of a performance. I examine the techniques used by performers both to compose and select pantun in an exchange and to adapt pantun to a performance situation. Finally, I look at the pantun collected during my fieldwork in terms of accepted definition; to see if they are distinctive, or part of an established body of pantun. The pantun are also examined in terms of a sequence and an exchange.
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Kambrie, Morni Bin. "A comparative study of the business activity of the Malays and Chinese in Sarawak, East Malaysia." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3253.
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When the Malaysian Prime Minister announced throughout the country in November, 1989, that the New Economic Policy, which had been aimed at encouraging the Bumiputras of Malaysia divulge into business, had only achieved 19.4 percent success rate, few were surprised. This was because it had been known over the two decades of the New Economic Policy that the Malays had achieved little impact in the local entrepreneurial scene. What was surprising, was that no one questioned why the NEP had achieved so little, as compared to the hundreds of millions of Malalaysian dollars which had been allocated for the purpose of helping them become more entrepreneurial. It is the view of this researcher that the Malaysian government and publics still have not achieved the expected 30 percent NEP objective of Malay participation because the main issue at the heart of the matter, that is the fact that little is known about the characteristics of the Malays who have become entrepreneurs overnight, is not fully understood. This research, even though only focussing on Sarawak, is meant to act as the springboard for future research into understanding Malay entrepreneurial attributes and what more better way to do that other than by comparing them with the Chinese entrepreneurs in the state, whose successes in business have enabled them to dominate the state economy. Comparison of the business activity of the two races is the prime focus of this research and it is hoped that the results of this study will be useful for future policy makers as well as the entrepreneurial development programmes they design. Failure to do this will result in more wastage in the resources and manpower employed, largely because of duplication of the activities such as seminars, workshops and entrepreneurial courses which everybody seems to be organising but where nobody seems to be keeping record of who is organising what courses, who has attended what courses, who is or is not eligible to attend, or more importantly, even who can achieve the most benefit from what is being provided. This research reveals the similarities as well as the differences between the Malay and Chinese entrepreneurs in the study. These attributes are compared and analysed statistically to see whether certain characteristics (variables) for the two groups are positively or negatively correlated, and if so, how strong the correlation is. The analyses from the study is then compared to earlier studies which have all been done for the Malays and Chinese in Peninsular Malaysia. It is pertinent to note at this point that no study of this kind has ever been undertaken for Sarawak, and this study happens to be the first.
3
Datan, Ipoi. "Archaeological excavations at Gua Sireh (Serian) and Lubang Angin (Gunung Mulu National Park), Sarawak, Malaysia." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/110867.
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The initial aim of this research was to excavate only the cave of Gua
Sireh in an attempt to gather data for the prehistory of western
Sarawak, for which region mostly protohistoric sites have been
examined so far. Though Gua Sireh was excavated by Harrisson and
Solheim in 1959, their materials still await further analysis.
The excavation methods, finds and tentative interpretations of the
1989 excavation are presented in this thesis. Gua Sireh appeared to have
been ephemerally used about 20,000 years ago when the site would have
been about 500 kilometres inland. However, evidence for Late
Pleistocene and Early Holocene occupation is limited to a few amorphous
stones of quartz and chert and some freshwater shells. Pottery (some
with rice temper) which appeared at Gua Sireh about 4000 BP is
found to have affinities with the paddle-impressed pottery assemblages
from Tanjong Kubor, Gua Bungoh and Kupang (Brunei). Some of the sherds
with rice chaff temper have been submitted for AMS dating to determine
when rice first appeared in the region. Human and animal bones were
found throughout the pottery phase. Iron artefacts and glass beads were
recovered in the upper levels, presumably deposited after 2000 years
ago.
Before leaving Australia to commence my fieldwork in July 1989 it
was decided that a second site, Lubang Angin, be investigated as well.
Lubang Angin is a limestone cave, about 610 kilometres NE of Gua Sireh,
located in the Gunung Mulu National Park about 90 kilometres (as the
crow flies) inland from the coast. The 1989 excavation at Lubang Angin
was the first carried out in the Mulu region. The cave produced extended burials with associated burial items, similar to those found in the Niah
caves which are about 160 kilometres to the southwest.
These grave goods include "three-colour ware", double-spouted
vessels, predominantly cord-marked earthenwares, marine bivalve
shells, iron artefacts and glass beads. A c 3000 BP date on a marine
shell suggests that the Lubang Angin burials, like those of the Niah
caves, were probably placed between 1000 BC and AD 500. The
three-colour ware and double-spouted vessels at Lubang Angin and the
Niah caves were determined by neutron activation analysis to have been
manufactured from more than one source of raw materials.
Both sites have yielded interesting finds. Gua Sireh deserves further
excavation while other caves in the Mulu reserve should be investigated.
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Hadari, Abang Azhari. "Under-representation of indigenous peoples in business in Sarawak, Malaysia." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2170.
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The year 1990 not only marks the twenty-seventh year of Sarawak securing her independence within Malaysia, but also signals the ending of the twenty long years of the implementation of an affirmative action called the New Economic Policy. The policy was primarily conceived to provide the indigenous people with a wider opportunity to participate in trade and industry. So far, however, the available statistics do not convince the author that the policy has achieved the desired objective, at least in Sarawak. Scholars are divided on the importance of the influence of culture and structure on the entrepreneurial success or failure of a particular group, and therefore on the varying policy implications produced therefrom. This study explored the problems and entrepreneurial nature of the indigenous businesses in Sarawak, and has shown that their economic backwardness is attributed more to the structural factors than to the cultural ones. This thesis defines its scope through the historical analysis and empirical investigation of the persistent underachievement of the indigenous business as compared to those of other ethnic groups in Sarawak. The study has not only unveiled the problems of Bumiputra small businesses in Sarawak, but has also outlined some policy recommendations. The most important suggestion is broadly the elimination of present inequalities in opportunities and the advancement of preferential measures for the indigenous business. So far, to the best of the author's knowledge, there has been a notable absence of a study of this kind in Sarawak, and this work appears to be the first of its kind. Because of its importance, it is therefore hoped that it will spur further academic interest in the area.
5
Mersat, Neilson Ilan. "Politics and business in Sarawak (1963-2004)." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/146562.
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Postill, John Raymond. "Borneo again : media, social life and the making of a national subculture among the Iban of Malaysian Borneo." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1382006/.
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This study examines the social and political significance of media among the Iban of Sarawak, in Malaysian Borneo. It is intended to contribute both to the ethnographic literature on the lban and to a neglected field of inquiry of key theoretical and practical importance: the anthropological study of media. The thesis is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter introduces the problem by critically reviewing the relevant literature from social anthropology and media studies. The second chapter deals with the production side of modern media from an historical perspective. The production of a modern lban identity through radio and print media in the 1 960s was superseded in the 1970s by a more vigorous rival project supported through television and textbooks: the creation of a Malaysian national culture. The third chapter explores the 'social life and afterlife' of television sets in the Saribas region as they enter into the gift and exchange systems that bind the living and the dead, including burial rites at which television sets are destroyed. This approach reveals growing wealth disparities in rural Sarawak as well as culture-specific ways in which media artefacts are appropriated and disposed of. Chapter Four analyses the critical role of radio, television, public-address systems and other media in the organisation of social time and space in Saribas longhouse communities. I argue that these media help local people to routinely naturalize clock and calendar time both in their daily and festive lives. Chapter Five focuses on the relationship between media practices and the local Saribas ideology, or 'ideolect'. A close examination of school essays, public-address speeches and television commentary reveals a consistent set of developmentalist ideas cutting across these diverse practices. Chapter Six compares and contrasts the findings from the Saribas area (chapters 3-5) with those from a more remote region, the Skrang. I stress the importance of indigenised Christian prayer books in providing recent converts with tools with which to make sense of troubling reports from television and radio, notably news of war, famine and the spread of infectious diseases. Chapter Seven is a summary and conclusion.
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Ooi, Mong How. "Human enterovirus 71 infection in Sarawak, Malaysia." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.569776.
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Introduction: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a childhood exanthema caused by enteroviruses, such as coxsackie virus A (CV A) 16. However since 1997 large epidemics ofHFMD caused by human enterovirus (EV) 71 and associated with severe and sometimes fatal neurological complications have occurred across Asia. Aims: To examine: (i) the diagnostic approach for detection ofEV71, (ii) the clinical and molecular epidemiology of the virus in Sarawak, (iii) the clinical predictors for neurological involvement, and (iv) the viral determinants for clinical phenotype of EV71 infection. Methods: A prospective study was set up to examine children with HFMD presenting to Sibu Hospital, Sarawak, Malaysia between January 2000 and December 2006. Detailed history and clinical examination was performed and recorded on standardised forms. Throat and rectal swabs, and swabs from skin vesicles and mouth ulcers, if present, were taken from every patient. Lumbar puncture was performed in patients with suspected neurological involvement. Virus isolation and RT-PCR for enteroviruses were performed on all specimens. Isolated enteroviruses were typed by nucleotide sequencing of VP 1 and VP4 genes and genogrouped by pbylogenetic analysis. Results: Throat and vesicle swabs were the most useful samples for detection of EV71. Using virus culture results as the reference, an EV71-specific assay originally developed for molecular typing ofEV71 clinical isolates had a sensitivity of76.9% (258/337), specificity of 82.6% (133/161), positive predictive value of90.2% (259/287) and negative predictive value of63.0% (l33/211) when evaluated with 337 EV71-positive, 161 non-EV71 culture-positive clinical specimens. Epidemics of EV71-associated HFMD occurred every 3 years in Sarawak, and were caused by genogroups B4 and B5, and Cl. The genogroups of EV71 differ in their risk of causing neurological disease and family clusters. Total duration of fever 23 days, peak temperature 238SC and history oflethargy were identified and validated as independent risk factors for neurological involvement. EV71-positive children were more likely to have neurological disease when compared to CVAl6-positive children. Discussion: EV71 has become a major public health problem in Asia and may continue to spread globally. The transmission dynamic of the virus is poorly understood. The public health intervention measure to date has been empirical and generic, but they have considerable socioeconomic implication. There is neither specific antiviral nor vaccine for EV71. Intravenous immunoglobulin is now used presumptively for severe EV71 infection in many Asian countries, although there are little data on its efficacy. Early diagnosis of neurological involvement may help reduce the mortality. A better understanding on diagnosis and management of this neurological infectious disease can help public health doctors and clinicians manage the epidemic caused by the virus when it spread to a new territory.
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Duffield, Arabella Elizabeth. "Anthropometry, morbidity and mortality in rural Sarawak." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312968.
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Porritt, Vernon L. "British colonial rule in Sarawak, 1946-1963." Thesis, Porritt, Vernon L. (1994) British colonial rule in Sarawak, 1946-1963. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1994. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52993/.
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Britain's annexation of Sarawak on 1 July 1946 was not free of controversy. Yet in seventeen years of colonial rule, Sarawak was transformed from the autocracy of the Brookes to an internally selfgoverning state with an elected ministerial form of government. Indeed, the colonial period was one of rapid political, economic and social change for Sarawak.
Britain was committed to uphold the Nine Cardinal Principles of the 1941 Constitution of Sarawak and fulfil the obligations imposed on governing powers of colonial territories under the United Nations Charter. Through a study of British political, economic and social intervention in Sarawak, this thesis charts the successes and failures of colonial rule.
Political intervention introduced state-wide local government with universal suffrage as the foundation for self-government. At the same time, communist aspirations to power were blocked. Economic intervention built up much of the infrastructure to foster economic development. Social intervention registered impressive advances in primary education and general health, especially in the rural areas.
On the other hand, the nexus between poverty and subsistence farming, institutionalised in land classification, was not broken and the slow pace of economic change enforced growing dependence on timber to finance development. Inequalities between urban and rural educational and other social services proved no less intractable and little impression was made on the historical disadvantage of the indigenous rural people vis-a-vis the largely non-indigenous urban dwellers.
10
Lee, Poh Onn 1963. "Social coordination and forest conflicts : a case study on Sarawak, Malaysia." Monash University, Dept. of Economics, 2000. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8375.
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Cole, Franca Louise. "Communities of the dead : practice as an indicator of group identity in the Neolithic and Metal Age burial caves of Niah, north Borneo." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610528.
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Béguet, Véronique. "Des entités invisibles qui font vivre les humains : une approche cosmocentrique de la différenciation et de la préséance et leur articulation à l'égalitarisme chez les Iban de Sarawak (Malaysia)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28510.
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Gapor, Salfarina Abdul. "Rural sustainability in Sarawak : the role of adat and indigenous knowledge in promoting sustainable sago production in the coastal areas of Sarawak." Thesis, University of Hull, 2001. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395434.
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Thayaparan, Sivapiragasam. "A sero-epidemiological study of leptospirosis in Sarawak, Malaysia." Thesis, Thayaparan, Sivapiragasam (2014) A sero-epidemiological study of leptospirosis in Sarawak, Malaysia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2014. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/26379/.
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Several recent outbreaks of leptospirosis involving human deaths have alarmed health professionals in Malaysia. The study outlined in this thesis was conducted to increase the understanding of the involvement of wildlife in the disease in Malaysia.
A strain of Leptospira (designated Lepto 175 Sarawak) was isolated from water in Sarawak, Malaysia. This strain did not produce any titres towards other known Leptospira sera, and thus represents a novel serovar. This serovar had 99.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Leptospira wolffii and was the dominant strain present in the region.
In this study eight of the 12 non-human primates sampled (66.6%; 95% CI 34.9- 90.1) and 73 of 155 wild small mammals (47.1%: 95% CI 39.0-55.3) were seropositive to leptospires. The seroprevalence was slightly higher in rats than in squirrels or bats. Seropositive animals were detected in all localities sampled, with the highest prevalence at Mount Singai (64.7%; 95%CI 38.3-85.8). Antibodies were detected to two different serovars in non-human primates, eight serovars were detected in rats, six serovars in bats and five in squirrels. Of 155 kidney samples from individuals, 17 were positive for Leptospira on PCR analysis (11%; 95% CI 6.5-17).
A cross-sectional serological survey of 198 humans was conducted in four villages around Kuching, Sarawak with 35.9% (95%CI 29.2-43.0) testing positive on the MAT. Antibodies to serovar Lepto 175 Sarawak were most commonly detected (31.3%; 95%CI 24.9-38.3) and were detected in individuals at all four locations. The presence of skin wounds (OR 3.1), farm animals (OR 2.5) and rats (OR 11.2) were all significantly associated with seropositivity in a multivariable logistic regression model.
The results of the current study are important as wildlife may act as reservoirs of leptospires for humans. Health authorities should expand disease control measures to minimise the spill-over from wildlife to humans visiting, living or working in the sampled locations. The pathogenic status of serovar Lepto 175 Sarawak also requires further investigation.
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Abdullah, Abdul Mutalip. "State housing provision in Sarawak : an examination of accessibility, habitability, sustainability and affordability : the case of the Sarawak Housing and Development Commission, Malaysia." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/364.
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It has been widely shown that the provider-based approach to the urban low cost housing problem in the developing world has ended in failure. It has not only failed to meet the demand for such houses but the costs of producing them are so enormous that they are hard to sustain. Worse, the beneficiaries of these houses do not even meet the affordability levels required even at their subsidised selling prices. Many causes have been suggested and recommendations proffered. Yet the urban housing problem remains as acute as ever while the approach is still actively pursued by some developing countries. This research aims to examine the performance of provider-based housing policy in the context of the accessibility of the target group to the houses, the habitability of these houses in terms of their standards and quality, the sustainability of the project(s) under study, and the affordability of the households which have succeeded in getting these houses. It uses three project areas constructed by the Sarawak Housing and Development Commission (SHDC), East Malaysia, as case studies. This study stands on the premise that it is not so much the approach which is at fault but the operational environment within which it operates; namely, the political, economic and social (even cultural) context. Any approach may not succeed if it fails to take cognisance of ihe peculiarities and distinctiveness of this contextual stage. The basis of the analysis is based on two types of data. The first is mortgage data which contains all the socio-economic information (as well as loan portfolios) of the beneficiaries who have taken loans from the SHDC. This information was collected when the beneficiaries first applied for the houses, and combined with a household survey of the same beneficiaries to provide a comprehensive set of data used for the analysis. The findings of the research support the conclusions of many similar studies; that the main causes of the poor performance lies mainly on the supply side of the housing market, most of which can easily be solved; thus confirming the premise that the success or failure of any approach depends heavily on the rules within which it has to operate.
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Saibi, Loji Roji Haji. "Attitudes to work : an investigation among teachers and professional education workers in Kuching, Sarawak." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1995.
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This study explored the differences in attitudes to work among the teachers and professional education workers from the two major Malaysian ethnic groups in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. The two ethnic groups are the Chinese and Bumiputras. These two racial groups seemed to behave distinctly as far as their work is concerned. This difference in work behaviour of the two groups is assumed to be derived from different attitudes towards work.
Consequently, this study addresses the differences in attitudes to work between the two ethnic groups.
The primary aim of the present study was to investigate whether the Chinese group was different to the Bumiputra in terms of work attitude, work satisfaction, work behaviour,
and self-regulatory processes. In addition, the study sought to examine the impact of attitudes on the working behaviour of the two groups, and to ascertain to what extent ethnicity affects their perception on attitudes to work.
This study was carried out in Kuching, Sarawak, and the study explored the possibility of adopting the attitude theory model derived from Fishbein and Ajzen (1980) and
Bagozzi (1992) for investigating the above proposed aims. Therefore, apart from using the generic method of measuring the attitude construct (Oppenheim, 1973), a well-developed
theory of attitude was also employed (Bagozzi, 1992).
The study was designed to examine and identify the work attitudes, work satisfaction, working behaviour, and self-regulation processes of attitudes to work of the two ethnic
groups. Two components of the associated aspects of attitude were examined and identified viz. the content and structure of attitudes, and the self-regulation processes of attitudes to work. Essentially, this study assumed that the difference or congruence between the associated aspects of attitude to work and the individuals' perceptions towards work affect individual responses in the workplace. The attitudes, in this respect, were represented by
shared perceptions, across individuals, about features of the work situation. The person was then represented by job-related personal orientations in work.
Attitudes to work were examined quantitatively, by a generic measurement instrument - survey questionnaire, and qualitatively, by interviewing a smaller sample and recording their responses. This mixed-method design was adopted to achieve more reliable results. The target sample was 500 teachers and professional education workers for the quantitative study and 120 teachers and professional education workers for the qualitative study. They were
selected from the total population of teachers and professional education workers in Kuching area. A quota sampling technique was adopted based on the underlying principle of getting equal representation from the two ethnic groups.
In the quantitative study, a factor analysis, multivariate analysis of variance and univariate analysis were used to analyse the data. For determining the magnitude of the
differences in attitudes to work, a pairwise comparison using t-tests and effect sizes was employed. In the qualitative study, the data were analysed by content analysis in which a technique of cross-case analysis was adopted. The findings from the two studies were brought
together by a process of triangulation and complementarity.
In this way, greater confidence can be asserted on the validity and reliability of the findings. The results of the quantitative study revealed that the teachers and professional education workers from the two ethnic groups reported similar levels of related work satisfaction, work attitude and work behaviour. There were no significant statistical differences between the two groups on any of the variables studied in so far as self-reported
responses were concerned. However, there were significant statistical differences in the way in which each group perceived the other on all of the variables. The Bumiputra group was perceived to be happier and more satisfied with its general and specific work compared with the Chinese group.
The results arising from the quantitative study were supported by some of the conclusions drawn from the qualitative study. In particular, those which were related to the content and structure of attitudes to work were supported. Concerning the self-regulation processes of attitudes to work, the qualitative study revealed some evidence of similarities and differences between the two ethnic groups.
As an exploratory study, this is the beginning, a springboard for studies to follow. It opens a new or alternative way of looking at the attitude-behaviour relationship. In short, it offers a new and interesting insight into work behaviour through the investigation of attitudes towards work.
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Chai, Francis. "Diameter increment models for the mixed swamp forests of Sarawak." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29749.
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Information on the growth and yield of Mixed Swamp Forests in Sarawak is inadequate. Tree diameter increment models were built as an initial effort towards developing a growth and yield modelling system for forests in Sarawak.
First, the level of modelling for better predictions of diameter increment of commercial
trees was investigated. The three levels of modelling were: (1) developing a single equation for all commercial species, (2) a separate equation for each of two groups, (3) a separate equation for each individual species. Second, linear and nonlinear models for seven important commercial species were developed. Diameter increment was modelled as a function of both tree and stand predictor variables. Only one nonlinear function, based on theoretical concepts, was attempted. Third, the usefulness of crown position and previous diameter growth for predicting current diameter growth was examined. Several objective measures such as mean bias, mean squared bias, and mean absolute deviation were calculated from validation data to indicate accurracy of predictions.
Modelling at the individual species level resulted in better predictions than at the single group or two group level. The linear weighted models tested as better predictors than the nonlinear model. Previous diameter growth, in the absence of better predictor variables, was found to be more useful than crown position for predicting current diameter growth.<br>Forestry, Faculty of<br>Graduate
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Chua, L. C. L. "Objects of culture : constituting Bidayuh-ness in Sarawak, East Malaysia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597678.
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The last few decades have seen the rise of a worldwide ‘culture phenomenon’, in which the concept of ‘culture’ has become a ubiquitous means of asserting collective distinctiveness and difference. This tendency has been especially pronounced in postcolonial states and among ethnic minority groups; and my research focuses on its manifestations among the Bidayuh, an indigenous group of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. My dissertation asks what it means to ‘be Bidayuh’ and ‘have Bidayuh culture’ as part of an explicitly ‘multicultural’ Malaysian state, in which access to education, jobs and other political and economic resources is determined along official ethnic lines. Anthropologists have generally treated such formations of cultural consciousness with suspicion, viewing their products as reified, essentialised and objectified versions of socio-cultural reality. The cultural claimants in these studies are often portrayed as either politically-aware manipulators of statist models and categories, or ‘ordinary’ people quite unaware of their ‘invented’ nature. The villagers among whom I conducted fieldwork, however, fit neither category: they are aware of the relative newness of official ‘culture’ concepts, but do not treat them as merely political resources. On one level, my dissertation thus seeks to fill an ethnographic gap by assessing how ‘Bidayuh-ness’ is constituted by the inhabitants of a self-consciously ‘modern’ village on the outskirts of the capital. It argues that to fully understand Bidayuh concepts of ‘culture’, we must engage with preoccupations, causal mechanisms and ontological assumptions which are of salience to <i>Bidayuhs </i>themselves. On another level, this thesis comments reflexively on the way anthropologists have dealt with the (apparent) objectifications of their informants, especially with regard to the concept of ‘culture’.
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Aeria, Andrew Charles Bernard. "Politics, business, the state and development in Sarawak 1970-2000." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247638.
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Thambiah, Shanthi. "Culture as adaptation : change among the Bhuket of Sarawak, Malaysia." Thesis, University of Hull, 1995. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3712.
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Reduan, Siti Zaliha. "Teachers' perceptions of play in pre-school education in Sarawak." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299338.
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Gumal, Melvin Terry. "Ecology and conservation of a fruit bat in Sarawak, Malaysia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621222.
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Randell, Jacqueline. "The role of rural electrification in the development of Sarawak." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12835.
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The introduction of electricity is widely perceived to bring socioeconomic and infrastructural improvements to the rural areas of developing countries. In Malaysia the rural electrification programme is a high profile demonstration of the Government's commitment towards socioeconomic development of the rural areas. Following substantial achievements in the rural electrification of Peninsular Malaysia, attention is now focussed on the economically and infrastructurally less-developed states such as Sarawak, on the island of Borneo. The thesis of this study was that the present form of rural electrification is largely inappropriate for the rural development of Sarawak. In response to a perceived need for specific policy-directed rural development research, the consequent aims of this study were to examine the developmental role of rural electrification in the state of Sarawak. Data colected using two extended field trips are presented and discussed in context. The progress of the various programmes is analysed and the significance of the introduction of electricity for life in the rural areas investigated. In addition, priorities and perceptions of the government, implementing authorities, local development administrators and villagers with respect to rural electrification are assessed. The study concludes that, despite government initiatives, acquisition of an electricity supply is a fairly low priority concern for many rural communities. However, the increase in self-esteem and confidence of the community which accompanies a perceived narrowing of the gap between standards of living in town and in the village, is more apparent than predicted. As an outcome of the study specific recommendations are proposed to tackle the electrification of remote settlements in Sarawak.
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Harris, Fiona M. "Growing Gods : Bidayuh processes of religious change in Sarawak, Malaysia." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23037.
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In 1959, a road was built from Kuching, the state capital of Sarawak, to Padawan on the Indonesian border. This road facilitated an increased flow of people and commodities between the villages of the Padawan area and ‘urban’ centres. Soon, mission schools and wage labour followed, and as rice gradually shifted from the centre to the periphery of most people’s lives, the path was made clear for the first conversions to Catholicism. This thesis explores processes of religious change through discussions of the motivating factors behind ‘conversion’ and by exploring how the adoption of Catholicism articulates with the lifeworld as it was before baptism. Although this research focuses primarily on Kampung Gayu and its offshoot villages, the analysis presented here contributes to a growing body of literature on the anthropology of ‘conversion’. Dominant themes from studies of Southeast Asian kinship are drawn together to show how these can effectively enhance an understanding of religious change: particularly by exploring relatedness, sociality and incorporation. Furthermore, the notion of ‘fluidity’ provides a conceptual starting point from which the analysis explores ‘ethnicity’ and the production of locality, power and ‘potency’, house form, and work, ritual and the economy. The thesis demonstrates how a broad range of theoretical interests are implicated in the study of ‘conversion’.
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Amoah, Yaa Serwaa-Akoto. "Internationalisation Strategies of Emerging Market Firms: The Case of Sarawak." Thesis, Curtin University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/70505.
Full textAbstract:
Research on the internationalisation strategies of emerging market firms (EMFs) have produced diverse results. This has led to calls for more studies to be conducted on the internationalisation strategies adopted by EMFs from various contexts. Using a qualitative research methodology, this research investigated the internationalisation strategies of EMFs from the East Malaysian state of Sarawak, and assessed the suitability of prevailing internationalisation theories in explaining those strategies.
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Tie, Yiu-Liong. "Studies of peat swamps in Sarawak with particular reference to soil-forest relationships and development of dome-shaped structures." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280553.
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Mowe, Phyllis. "Whither the political woman: The political underrepresentation of women in Sarawak." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Political Science, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4597.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is concerned with women's political underrepresentation, which is still a
problem in most parts of the world. The primary objective is to investigate the reasons
for this phenomenon. It is maintained that the problem is due to a dearth of political
women. This lack of political women is attributed to various factors that derive from a
gendered public and private ordering within societies. One major aspect of this thesis
is the explication of the significance of the asymmetrical public and private distinction
in relation to the lack of women in political office particularly in Southeast Asia. In
this respect, the first objective is the reformulation of Rosaldo's original "public and
domestic" distinction to include asymmetrical gender processes. Women's domestic
roles, men's superior status, gendered stereotypic characteristics and behaviour, and
gendered institutions are explicated as manifestations of the public and private divide.
The second objective is the empirical evaluation of two sets of hypotheses derived
from the public and private divide. One is related to societal perception of women and
political office, and societal attitudes on gender roles and gender asymmetry. The
other is related to political parties as gendered institutions
Empirical evidence from two studies carried out in Sarawak, Malaysia largely
confirms the pervasiveness of the public and private divide within society, and within
the political party as a gendered institution. First, it was found that people from
diverse cultures exhibit similar attitudes on asymmetrical gender relations. Second, it
was found that people have generally moved away from negative stereotypes of
women, but there is still a strong belief in male superior status, the need for women to
prioritise domestic roles and conformity to proper gender behaviour. Third, it was
found that the highly gendered nature of political parties is not conducive to the
development of political women. All these findings suggest that the culturally
sanctioned public and private divide is an impediment to women's attaining political
office. Based on these findings it is suggested that societies would have to move away
from culturally prescribed gender asymmetry to egalitarianism before equality in
gender representation can be achieved.
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Janowski, Monica Rachel Hughes. "Rice, work and community among the Kelabit of Sarawak, East Malaysia." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337969.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is about the Kelabit, a tribal group living in the interior of the Fourth Division of Sarawak, East Malaysia. They are agriculturalists, growing rice as their symbolically focal crop, and also rely on hunting and gathering. For the Kelabit, the strength of human life is indicated through success in the production of rice and in the reproduction of human beings. Both of these can only be achieved through being 'big people', full adults, in the basic social unit, the hearth-group. The strength of one's life is indicated through on~s performance as 'big person' within the hearth group. This involves maintaining this group as a viable unit through the production of rice and the reproduction of children; the two are brought together through the successful performance of the rice meal within the hearth-group. The holding of such rice meals creates and confirms the prestige of the 'big people' who provide them. The hearth-group may be said to exist at levels above the basic one; at irau, feasts, the rice meal which is held, Which constructs the highest level of the hearthgroup by providing for the entire Kelabit population, generates differential prestige between the 'big people' of different base-level hearth-groups. The nature of the 'life' which is expressed through the performance of the rice meal is made explicit at it. The rice meal, although described as such, includes other foods besides rice; it cannot be a rice meal, in fact, without them. These foods are paradigmatically wild. There is a complementary opposition between rice, produced by human labour, and other foods, Which reproduce without human help. Both sides of the opposition are essential, although it is the rice which is explicitly valued and which stands for the entire complementary opposition. The couple, whose achievements are celebrated at . all rice meals but particularly at feasts, stands for rice itself, the key symbol of humanity, but also, through the association at one level of men with the wild, for the combination of rice with the wild which is essential to the construction of human society. In order to discuss the above thesis, I focus on Kelabit notions of food production and consumption. I look at rice-growing, at how it is marked as 'special' compared to other agricultural activities, and at how it is contrasted to hunting and gathering. I examine the attributes of the couple, the 'big people' of the hearthgroup who are responsible for food production and consumption at the rice meal, and at how these attributes are the basis of prestige generation in Kelabit society. I look at the structure of the rice meal and in particular at feasts, irau, super-rice meals, at which the complementary opposition between rice and wild foods and the nature of human life, which is associated with the nature of the couple, is most clearly stated.
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Zin, Ismail Che Mat. "Tertiary tectonics and sedimentation history of the Sarawak Basin, east Malaysia." Thesis, Durham University, 1996. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5198/.
Full textAbstract:
A seismic stratigraphic study of the regional lines for the offshore Sarawak area was undertaken with the aim of understanding the tectonics and sedimentation history of the hydrocarbon prolific Sarawak Basin. The aim here is to develop a workable stratigraphic scheme, a model of the sedimentation history of the basin, a model for Tertiary tectonics, and an analysis of the subsidence history of the basin. Six unconformities have been identified within the Tertiary sedimentary succession, based on seismic reflection and well data. Some unconformities coincide with eustatic sea-level falls; others are probably tectonic in origin. An alternative stratigraphic scheme for the Sarawak Basin was developed by subdividing the whole Tertiary succession into seven sequences. Palaeoenvironment maps of the basin document the interaction of tectonics and sedimentation commencing in late Oligocene times. Deposition started with a NW-SE coastline and a broad coastal plain, almost perpendicular to the present-day coastline (NE-SW) developed during late Miocene times. The maps illustrate the likely distribution of Sarawak Basin source and reservoir rocks which will help in effective planning for future exploration in the area. The Sarawak Basin formed as a result of NW-SE trending right lateral fault movement during late Oligocene to Pliocene times. This dextral movement was responsible for creating the NW-SE coastline and divided the offshore Sarawak area into two sub-basins. Deposition and preservation of coastal plain and shallow-marine sediments continued in the eastern area while the western area remained as a 'high' until late Miocene times and subsided during late Early to Middle Miocene. The dextral strike-slip movement which controlled the evolution of the Sarawak Basin is sub-parallel to a number of lineaments elsewhere in Sarawak. The timing of movement suggests a progressive younging in an eastward direction. Basin modelling suggests that the Sarawak Basin was characterised by rapid subsidence in the early stage of basin formation with a high stretching factor and episodic movements. This suggests that the basin did not form as a foreland basin nor as a typical rift basin, but indicates a strike-slip origin. Supplementary evidence for this is provided by the findings of the regional seismic stratigraphic study, which suggests that the whole onshore area of Sarawak and northern Borneo was subjected to strike-slip tectonism during Tertiary times. The driving force may have been initiated by the lateral movement between the Sundaland and South China Continental blocks, probably due to collision between Indian and Asian plates during the Middle Tertiary, continuing with the opening of the South China Sea during the Oligocene. The end result of tectonism in the region, however, is believed to be the combination of strike-slip movements and the counter-clockwise rotation of Borneo during the Oligo-Miocene. The superiority of the proposed strike-slip tectonic model over the present subduction model is the capability to explain most of the geological phenomena, including the absence of evidence for any subduction taking place in the area. The findings of this study should contribute towards a better understanding of the tectonics of the area which will be able to provide information on the development of structural traps for hydrocarbon plays that are believed to have formed by strike-slip tectonism.
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Lee, Janet Von. "Informal Entrepreneurship and Transition into Formal Entrepreneurship: The Case of Sarawak." Thesis, Curtin University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/86445.
Full textAbstract:
Informal entrepreneurship is widespread in Sarawak but limited studies are conducted on these establishments. This research aims to explore the factors that influence entrepreneurs to operate in the informal economy and their transition into the formal economy. The findings are of significance for policy-makers in implementing policies related to promoting transition strategies of informal entrepreneurship into the formal economy as well as for existing informal entrepreneurs who wish to transition into the formal economy.
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Ali, Abdulmajid Muhammad. "Integrated Petrography, Geochemistry and Petrophysical Characteristics of Miri Formation, Sarawak, Malaysia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/87929.
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An integrated approach (Petrography, Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Petrophysics) was used to elucidate the paleoweathering, provenance and tectonic setting of the Miri Formation and its reservoir potential. The research suggests that the sediments of the Miri Formation were mainly recycled from the Rajang Group, undergone moderate to intense weathering and deposited in an evolving active to passive margin setting. The reservoir quality of the Miri Formation has been assessed and their controlling factors are addressed.
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Lam, Mei-yee, and 林美儀. "The overseas Chinese as farmers in Sabah and Sarawak: a comparative study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953098.
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Mathew, Manoj joseph. "Geomorphology and Morphotectonic Analysis of north Borneo." Thesis, Lorient, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORIS408/document.
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L’analyse géomorphologique d'une zone d’étude permet d’identifier et de comprendre le rôle des facteurs de contrôle tectonique et climatique sur l’évolution passée, récente et future de la surface topographique. Ce travail de recherche porte sur l’analyse géomorphologique des paysages du secteur de l’état de Sarawak, localisé au nord de l’île de Bornéo en contexte tropical. À travers l'analyse morphotectonique des deux plus grands bassins versants : le bassin versant du Rajang et du Baram, il a été possible de dresser une première évaluation du cadre morpho-tectonique de la région et des conséquences topographiques. Les bassins versants étudiés et situés au centre et au Nord de Sarawak drainent une superficie totale d'environ 75 000 km². L'île de Bornéo présente une couverture végétale dense spécifique aux régions tropicales, et demeurant souvent difficile d’accès. Cette île témoigne de terrains montagneux et accidentés, découpés par de vallées profondes aux flancs abruptes, entraînant des taux de dénudation notables depuis le Miocène. La première contribution est d’identifier les principales failles mineures et majeures ayant par réactivation participées au rajeunissement de la surface topographie à l’échelle régionale. À l’échelle des deux bassins versants, les facteurs géomorphologiques suivants comme l’intégrale hypsométrique, les facteurs d’asymétrie, les anomalies de pente identifiées le long des rivières ont été cartographiées à l’aide des techniques d'autocorrélation spatiale. Les principaux mouvements verticaux identifiés sont accommodés le long des accidents structuraux majeurs et des chevauchements spécifiques de la zone Nord de Bornéo. Parmi les autres résultats, il est également observé des surfaces planes reliques, à haute altitude, n’ayant pas encore réajustées leur surface d’équilibre depuis les 5 derniers Ma malgré de phases rapides de soulèvement connues. Enfin, à l’échelle de la zone d’étude, où les contrastes lithologiques sont absents, la présence de nombreuses ruptures de pente ou knickpoints sont observés le long des principaux profils longitudinaux des rivières. Les ruptures de pente fortes sont dans la majorité corrélables aux principaux accidents structuraux. Des observations de terrain viennent renforcer nos hypothèses par la présence de terrasses fluviatiles soulevées. Ce travail d’analyse d’indices géomorphologiques complétés par des observations de terrain permet alors de proposer un modèle synthétique des principaux facteurs de contrôle responsables du rajeunissement de la surface topographique de l’état de Sarawak jusqu’alors sous-estimé et méconnu<br>Geomorphic assessment of a region is considered to be crucial in understanding the present day landscapeand forces that have acted and is currently acting on the ever evolving topography. This thesis explores the geomorphology of the tropical landscape of Sarawak, north Borneo through morphotectonic analysis of two of the largest drainage basins of the entire Borneo Island: the Rajang and Baram basin; making this work the first systematic tectono-geomorphic evaluation of the region. The island of Borneo is enveloped by thick rainforests, hostile rugged mountainous terrain with deep and steep valleys, and is characterized by high denudation rates since Miocene. The studied drainage basins flow across entire central and north Sarawak and drain a total combined area of ca. 75, 000 km². The first contribution to the field is by conducting a study on the presence of active tectonic forces that modify the topography through rejuvenation of major and minor faults. The analysis using basin-scale hypsometry, asymmetry factor, normalized channel steepness index and spatial autocorrelation techniques showed that the landscape has been rejuvenated and experiences tectonic deformation to present-day in the form of active folding of the fold-thrust orogenic belts of the Interior Highlands which form the backbone of Borneo. From the results, we highlighted the presence of relict surfaces of landscapes which were isolated at high elevations unable to balance a rapid uplift phase experienced after 5 Ma. We extended the study in order to identify the current stage of landscape development by conducting stream profile analysis which displayed an array of knick-zones and knick points devoid of lithological and climatic controls. Deep V-shaped valleys formed in the zones that demonstrated active folding of the highlands also revealed relief anomalies highlighted through topographic analysis. We showed that enhanced orographic precipitation following the rapid creation of relief has supported adjustment of the topography to a state of transience. In the next part of this work, we conducted swath profile analysis, minimum bulk erosion and channel steepness anomaly maps in order to identify the role of rapid incision in exacerbating erosion rates as a response to tectonic and climatic forcing. We show that there exists a coupling between incision rates, precipitation and channel steepness which shows a relation of direct proportionality. Extensive geomorphic and sedimentological field campaigns were carried out in order to substantiate our results and conclusions. The field work revealed the presence of uplifted fluvial terraces, waterfalls and cataracts corresponding to knick-points identified by us. Finally, we combine our results from the geomorphic analysis and stratigraphic field work in order to construct a conceptual model showing the geomorphic evolution of Sarawak, north Borneo
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Ashencaen, Crabtree Sara. "Sentosa : a feminist ethnography of a psychiatric hospital in Sarawak, East Malaysia." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/14069.
Full textAbstract:
This doctoral thesis is a feminist ethnographic study of psychiatric patients in the State of Sarawak, East Malaysia. The study took place at a psychiatric hospital located in the capital city of Kuching, commencing in 1997. Although Hospital Sentosa is a small institution it is the only psychiatric institution in the State and therefore constitutes an important mental health resource in this region. This ethnographic study primarily concentrates on the lives of women patients in keeping with my chosen methodological approach and seeks to explore the 'culture' of the hospital setting through facets such as daily interactions, activities and relationships. The feminist approach has not however precluded the accounts of male patients whose experiences are utilised in a comparative exercise with those of women counterparts. In addition the views of staff of both sexes and all ranks are considered in relation to their attitudes towards the care of psychiatric patients and the broader area of work-related concerns including collegial support and occupational hazards. In keeping with an ethnographic approach themes developed in the thesis are drawn through an analysis of findings as noted by observation methods as well as through interviews with participants. Furthermore a self-reflexive approach has been an important aspect of analysis commensurate with feminist methodology, in which my role as a researcher is considered in relation to issues of culture, gender and class as well as some of the difficulties of research in a post-colonial and unfamiliar cultural context. Although some avenues of inquiry in the study have not easily lent themselves to an analysis of gender, this thesis primarily argues that the hospital reproduces oppressive policies and practices that impact with greater severity on women patients. Oppressive practices in relation to gender and ethnicity at the hospital are viewed against a backdrop of contemporary psychiatric care as enacted on wards. It is argued that these practices can be viewed in turn as being, for the most part, historically premised upon imported British models of care replicated through colonialism in Malaya and by extension at a later period in the multicultural State of Sarawak.
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Jayum, A. Jawan Victor T. "Political change and economic development among the Ibans of Sarawak, East Malaysia." Thesis, University of Hull, 1991. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5341.
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Usop, Hasbee Hj. "Perceptions of training and development needs of primary school headteachers in Sarawak." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/99e12a11-c692-4320-a5f3-521269e30971.
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Lam, Mei-yee. "The overseas Chinese as farmers in Sabah and Sarawak a comparative study /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23501819.
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Chang, Kuet Shian. "Overview of water treatment process in Sarawak using peat and ground water." Thesis, Chang, Kuet Shian (2003) Overview of water treatment process in Sarawak using peat and ground water. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2003. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/39187/.
Full textAbstract:
Water is one of the more important natural resources of mankind, in its natural form contains impurity. The method used to treat water into potable form involves complex and diverse technologies, depending on the nature of water; the treatment can be simple filtration or complex involving chemicals and extensive infrastructure.
Surface water from peat source and ground water are harder to treat to potable standards compared to other water source. Peat water is characterized by high colour, low pH and turbidity with pungent smell while groundwater contains high manganese, iron and other volatile gases. This paper gives an overview of the State of Sarawak current treatment processes for peat and groundwater, investigates the treated water quality, and recommends improvements and enhancement of the current processes and practice based on emerging technologies. The data for the assessment are obtained form Public Works Departments records and the Public Health Section of the Ministry of Health, Malaysia.
The high residue aluminium of the treated water quality suggests that the current conventional processes cannot treat peat water efficiently and effectively. The recommendations for improvement and enhancement are divided into treatment plant operations, treatment processes, water quality monitoring and regionalization
of treatment plants.
The limitations are the reliability of the records and the year assessed is only 2000 and 2001. A number of future research projects are identified.
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Arumugam, Anandkumar. "Ecological risk assessment of the Miri coast, Sarawak, Borneo: A biogeochemical approach." Thesis, Curtin University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/698.
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Ecological risk assessment was made along the Miri coast based on trace element concentrations (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Zn) in the seawater, sediments, and aquatic biota (fish, shrimp, crabs, and bivalves). Prevailing major geochemical processes were identified. Contamination and risk assessment indices were estimated. Sediments were contaminated by Cu and Zn, but in the marine life the remaining metals were within the permissible limits set by international and national guidelines.
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Suo, Wen Jing. "Factors Influencing Behavioural Intention to Adopt the QR-Code Payment in Sarawak." Thesis, Curtin University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/76116.
Full textAbstract:
This research aims to investigate the factors influencing the behavioural intention to adopt the QR-Code Payment in Sarawak. Data are collected from 453 consumers in Sarawak and analysed using AMOS-Structural Equation Modeling. The findings show that performance expectancy, social influence, habit, price value and personal innovativeness in information technology are significantly related to behavioural intention to adopt QR-code mobile payment in Sarawak.
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Jong, Sze Joon. "Iban Ajat: Digitisation framework for the conservation of a Sarawak traditional dance." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/233171/1/Sze%20Joon_Jong_Thesis.pdf.
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Sarawak Iban's cultural heritage is endangered. Therefore the conservation of its traditional dances is imperative. This study aims to demonstrate how a hybridised research strategy is essential for the conducting of culturally sensitive preservation. My research centres on applications of Motion Capture technology, for the leveraging of observations of the Ajat Dance – through a focus on elemental gyrational manoeuvres. My study does not claim to be a 'panacea'. Rather it showcases the importance of acquiring and incorporating digital oeuvres into one's documentary practices. Through its proof-of-concept involving a 3D simulation, I offer a digitisation framework for delivering decolonised cultural preservation.
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Koon, Lim Chan. "Sustainable harvesting and conservation of the edible nest swiftlets (Aerodramus spp.) of Sarawak." Thesis, University of Kent, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298159.
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Ooi, Keat Gin. "An economic history of Sarawak during the period of Brooke rule, 1841-1946." Thesis, University of Hull, 1995. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3479.
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Cook, Sarah. "Fluvial organic carbon losses from tropical peatland oil palm plantations in Sarawak, Malaysia." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/42510.
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Currently, there are only very limited estimates of carbon loss from oil palm plantations (OPPs) on tropical peat, with the aquatic fluxes largely unquantified. This thesis presents an annual estimate of exported dissolved (DOC) and particulate (POC) organic carbon from the drainage waters of four OPPs and nearby stands of tropical peat swamp forest (PSF) in Sarawak, Malaysia, subjected to varying degrees of anthropogenic disturbance. Annual total organic carbon (TOC) fluxes (104 ± 19.3 g C m-2 yr-1) from the OPPs explored here are one third larger than those from intact PSFs (63 g C m-2 yr-1) and comparable to fluxes from degraded PSFs (97 g C m-2 yr-1) as reported in the literature. Forest fluxes measured in this project were of a similar magnitude (71.2 ± 11.0 to 84.5 ± 13.1 g C m-2 yr-1), likely as a result of hydrological disturbance from the adjacent plantation drainage system. Qualitative analysis (14C and spectrophotometric analysis) of DOC derived from the OPP land cover revealed that the majority (> 50 %) originates from aged carbon sources (100 – 499 years, BP) and is both labile and highly oxidised, suggesting loss of carbon from long-term stable storage. Extrapolation of the plantation sub-catchment fluxes indicates that industrial peatland OPPs across Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo and Sumatra contribute a combined TOC flux of 3.2 Tg C yr-1. This represents one third of the regional TOC flux (10.4 Tg C yr-1; PSF intact + degraded + industrial OPPs) and suggests a more than two-fold increase in TOC losses since 1990. Overall, this investigation reinforces the importance of considering alternative fluvial carbon loss pathways when assessing the on-going collapse of tropical peatland carbon stores in response to their continued anthropogenic exploitation.
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Lloyd-Smith, Lindsay Robert. "Chronologies of the dead : later prehistoric burial practice at the Niah Caves, Sarawak." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611437.
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Naimah, S. Talib Naimah bte Said. "The development of the Sarawak Administrative Service from its inception (1840s) to 1963." Thesis, University of Hull, 1993. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:13391.
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Razali, Siti Katizah. "Women in educational management in Sarawak : a study of traditional and professional challenges." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/07df9f34-8dbb-4eb1-8e71-12c865c14a68.
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This exploratory study examined how women managers in education in Sarawak combine their traditional and professional roles and deal with potential role conflict. The study is set in the context of an increasing number of women managers in education in Sarawak and the issues this raises for their support, if they are to harmonise their roles and advance professionally. The aim of the study is to furnish policy makers at the national and state level with information to formulate a policy document which could be adopted in preparing a strategy for the advancement of women managers, taking into account their dual roles. Both quantitative and qualitative paradigms are employed to provide depth and breadth. The postal survey questionnaire was sent to all the 109 women in the target population: all women heads and deputies in schools, teacher training colleges and the State Education Department. There was a 91.7% response rate. Additionally, eight women managers were interviewed in-depth, together with seven spouses and three other senior women in education, who are influential nationally. The eight women managers also completed time-log diaries for a week. Respondents in the survey questionnaire included managers who, at one time, had rejected promotion. This enabled the perceptions of those who had experienced difficulties in relation to promotion to be analysed, as well as those who had not. Combining the quantitative and qualitative approaches meant that they complemented, supplemented and illuminated each other. The study did not aim, initially, to explore the cultural dimension but it emerged during the interviews that their specific cultural origins (Malay, Iban and Chinese) were a significant determinant of the women managers' perceptions of their dual roles. Indigenous culture was not found to be a barrier to advancement but the research has revealed that when studying women in educational management consideration of individual cultural contexts gives additional insights into their perceptions of their two roles. Interviews with the spouses revealed corresponding views to those of their wives pertaining to women's traditional roles; they also saw complementary roles in the partnership. The close support of the extended family is a significant factor in the study. For the women studied, the boundaries between their personal and professional roles were not clear-cut. Work invaded their personal lives and family needs were perceived as paramount when considering promotion. Values relating to caring and nurturing imbued their professional and personal lives. The different cultural and environmental experiences of the women managers contributed to their varied perceptions of role conflict. Many had developed coping strategies which reduced such conflict and supported their successful performance as workers, wives, mothers and daughters. Impediments to the advancement of women managers are identified and possible courses of future action suggested. Implications for policy makers at the Ministry of Education and State Education Department as well as for future research are highlighted
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Schuh, Wolfram Dieter, and Wolfram Dieter Schuh. "Geology, geochemistry, and ore deposits of the Bau gold mining district, Sarawak, Malaysia." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187561.
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District-scale zoning of ore deposits and structural-tectonic setting of Bau was investigated. Regional tectonic studies, structural analysis, and field mapping complemented by aeromagnetic interpretation were integrated to a structural model of Bau. Ores were studied with optical and electron microscopy, followed by major and trace element, fluid inclusion, and lead and sulfur isotope analyses. In the Late Triassic, Bau was in an island arc - back-arc basin environment Following Early Jurassic deformation and uplift, an active margin developed. Subduction of the West Pacific oceanic plate under the NW Kalimantan block began. Erosion of the Triassic Serian Volcanics produced extensive turbidite flows of the Pedawan Formation since the Latest Jurassic. Coeval development of rudist patch reefs on an unstable shelf edge of the overriding plate lasted until Cenomanian. Accretion of the turbidites ended in the Latest Cretaceous. Early Tertiary molasse deposition ended with a Mid-Eocene event. A 200-km-Iong, crustal-scale complex fault system involving dextral strike-slip and wrench faulting, termed the Bau Trend, developed during Mid-Miocene post-subduction regional extension. The principal mineralization event at Bau took place at 12-10 m.a., when I-type, calc-alkaline, reduced granodiorites intruded along the Bau Trend and its intersection with seven parallel, ENE fracture zones, providing channel ways to distribute hydrothermal fluids laterally away from the Bau Trend. Deformation preceding mineralization produced high structural permeability of the host rocks. Central Bau is underlain by an ENE trending, 5x12 km broad plutonic body at depth, inferred from aeromagnetic data. Bau displays district-scale zoning, from proximal porphyry-copper and skarn deposits, via intennediate Cordilleran-Vein base metal mineralization, sediment-hosted precious metal deposits, to distal disseminated Au-As and Ba-Hg-TI deposits. The deposits are hosted in, from proximal to distal, porphyritic granodiorites, limestones, and turbiditic shales. Gradual changes in geochemical, mineralogical, and isotopic compositions across the district indicate consanguinity between them.
Epithermal gold mineralization at Bau is most similar to disseminated, sediment-hosted gold deposits of Nevada, except for higher grades, visible occurrence of gold, both base and precious metal signatures, purely structural controls, less radiogenic lead, and magmatic sulfur isotope signatures.
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Chong, Athena Wei Chee. "Socio-cultural Impact of Festivals on Local Residents' Quality of Life: Sarawak Perspective." Thesis, Curtin University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/78991.
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The research aims to investigate the relationship between social impacts (benefits, costs) and the local residents’ quality of life. Data were collected from 547 respondents in four cities and towns in Sarawak and analysed using Smart-PLS. The findings showed that cultural/educational benefits, social participation, cultural/behavioral concerns and community resource concerns are significantly related to local residents’ quality of life.
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Omar, Quistina Binti. "Factors Influencing Behavioural Intention to Adopt e-AgriFinance among the Farmers in Sarawak." Thesis, Curtin University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/83025.
Full textAbstract:
Digital finance offers transformational solutions to the chronic challenges in the agriculture value chain. While agriculture apps have been well developed and widely used in some developed and developing countries, there exist no mobile apps that incorporate digital finance and agriculture in the local context, especially in Sarawak. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the behavioural intention of farmers in Sarawak to adopt digital finance in the agriculture sector or e-AgriFinance.