Journal articles: 'SARB'

1

Wang, Yuxin, Chaonan Wang, Yanan Zhao, and Pingzhi Wang. "Effects of a Superabsorbent Resin with Boron on Bacterial Diversity of Peat Substrate and Maize Straw." BioMed Research International 2018 (September 18, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6071085.

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As a chemical water-saving material, superabsorbent resin is often applied to improve soil physicochemical properties for the purpose of promoting crop growth. In this study, a new type of superabsorbent resin with boron (SARB) was used as a functional material mixed with peat substrate and maize straw in percentages (mass ratio) of 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.2%, respectively, and high-throughput sequencing technology was used to test bacterial diversity, analyzing and exploring ecological safety of the superabsorbent resin with boron (SARB) in order to provide theoretical support for field applications. The research results show that the superabsorbent resin with boron (SARB) can promote bacterial community diversity in the maize straw. In ten treatments, Proteobacteria accounted for the absolute advantage of the bacterial population in the CT group and in the JG group. However, the superabsorbent resin with boron (SARB) synthesized in the laboratory cannot change the original structure of the bacterial community and has scarcely any toxic effect on the bacterial community in both peat substrate and maize straw, and, indeed, it has a strengthening effect on Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria and a weakening effect on Acidobacteria and Firmicutes to some extent.

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Manna, Adhar C., Manfred G. Bayer, and Ambrose L. Cheung. "Transcriptional Analysis of Different Promoters in the sar Locus in Staphylococcus aureus." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 15 (August 1, 1998): 3828–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.15.3828-3836.1998.

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ABSTRACT The expression of extracellular virulence determinants inStaphylococcus aureus is controlled by a 510-nucleotide RNA molecule (RNAIII) which is a part of theagr system. The agr operon, which encodes a multicomponent signal transduction system, is partially under the influence of an unlinked regulatory locus calledsar. The sar locus is composed of three overlapping transcripts, designated sarA (0.56 kb),sarC (0.8 kb), and sarB (1.2 kb), originating from the P1, P3, and P2 promoters, respectively. In this study, we analyzed the differential expression of these promoters by using transcriptional fusion with the xylE reporter gene to study the activation of the sar locus. The data confirm the existence of three independent promoters with different promoter activities. Maximal promoter activity was observed with the combined fusion of P2-P3-P1 promoters. Expression studies with a sigB mutant revealed that the P3 promoter is SigB dependent. Analysis of these transcriptional fusions in a sarA mutant and in complemented strains with each of the sar transcriptional units revealed that thesar locus is autoregulatory, with SarA acting as a positive regulator. From various transcriptional fusion studies of the upstream region of the P1 promoter, we have localized a 34-bp sequence which seems to play a role in down-modulating P1 transcription. Using heparin-Sepharose and DNA-specific columns, we partially purified a 12-kDa protein, possibly a repressor, which binds to the promoter regions upstream of P2 and P1 and which also binds to the 34-bp sequence. These data indicated that the regulation of thesar locus is complex and may involve the sargene product(s) and other regulatory protein(s).

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Gupta, Rangan, Alain Kabundi, and Mampho P. Modise. "Has the SARB become more effective post inflation targeting?" Economic Change and Restructuring 43, no. 3 (January 3, 2010): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10644-009-9083-7.

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Burra, Pravin, Pieter Juriaan De Jongh, Helgard Raubenheimer, Gary Van Vuuren, and Henco Wiid. "Implementing the countercyclical capital buffer in South Africa: Practical considerations." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 18, no. 1 (March 4, 2015): 105–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v18i1.956.

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The Basel II regulatory framework significantly increased the resilience of the banking system, but proved ineffective in preventing the 2008/9 financial crisis. The subsequent introduction of Basel III aimed, inter alia, to supplement bank capital using buffers. The countercyclical buffer boosts existing minimum capital requirements when systemic risk surges are detected. Bolstering capital in favourable economic conditions cushions losses in unfavourable conditions, thereby addressing capital requirement procyclicality. This paper contains an overview of the countercyclical capital buffer and a critical discussion of its implementation as proposed in Basel III. Consequences of the buffer's introduction for South African banks are explored, and in particular, potential systemic risk indicator variables are identified that may be used by the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) as early warning indicators of imminent systemic financial distress. These indicators may be of value to the SARB, which could use them in taking decisions on the build-up and release of the countercyclical buffer for South African banks.

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Reid, Monique, and Stan Du Plessis. "LOUD AND CLEAR? CAN WE HEAR WHEN THE SARB SPEAKS?" South African Journal of Economics 78, no. 3 (September 16, 2010): 269–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.2010.01246.x.

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Achtman, Mark, James Hale, Ronan A. Murphy, E. Fidelma Boyd, and Steffen Porwollik. "Population structures in the SARA and SARB reference collections of Salmonella enterica according to MLST, MLEE and microarray hybridization." Infection, Genetics and Evolution 16 (June 2013): 314–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2013.03.003.

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7

Liu, Guangling Dave. "Will the Sarb always Succeed in Fighting Inflation with Contractionary Policy?" South African Journal of Economics 81, no. 3 (June 20, 2013): 330–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.2012.01327.x.

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Boyd, E. F., F. S. Wang, P. Beltran, S. A. Plock, K. Nelson, and R. K. Selander. "Salmonella reference collection B (SARB): strains of 37 serovars of subspecies I." Journal of General Microbiology 139, no. 6 (June 1, 1993): 1125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-139-6-1125.

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9

Wang, Mengxi, Guohui Yang, Yu Li, Qun Wu, and Yingsong Li. "The Effect of Wi-Fi Radiation on the Mineralization and Oxidative Stress of Osteoblasts." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 36, no. 5 (June 14, 2021): 603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.360515.

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Some articles reported that Wi-Fi radiation induced oxidative stress (OS) in cells and vital organs. However, the possible effects of Wi-Fi electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on bone cells have not yet been investigated. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in cell incubators during induced differentiation and placed 3 cm from Wi-Fi antenna. A 2.45-GHz Wi-Fi signal, transmitted between a Wi-Fi router and a laptop Wi-Fi antenna, radiated on cells for 30 min/day over a 7-day period. The two modes of the Wi-Fi irradiation were 100 mW and 500 mW. The specific absorption rates (SARs) in the cell layer by 100 mW and 500 mW Wi-Fi were 0.1671 W/kg and 0.8356 W/kg, respectively, represented as SARa and SARb, and the cell layer temperature increased by 0.065°C and 0.32°C, respectively, after 30 min of irradiation by finite difference-time domain (FDTD) simulation. The cell oxidative stress indexes were measured by a microplate reader, and the calcified nodules were examined by alizarin red S staining. At a 3-cm close range, 2.45-GHz Wi-Fi radiation increased Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels in osteoblasts with the increase of irradiation time, and the quantity of mineralization slightly depended on the radiation intensity.

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10

Aye, G. C., O. A. Gadinabokao, and R. Gupta. "Does the SARB respond to oil price movements? Historical evidence from the frequency domain." Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy 12, no. 1 (December 28, 2016): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567249.2014.966927.

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11

Maduku, Harris, and Irrshad Kaseeram. "Inflation Targeting Monetary Policy and Unemployment in South Africa." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 4(J) (September 14, 2018): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i4(j).2410.

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We analyze the impact of inflation, growth and exchange rate on unemployment in South Africa using annual data spanning 1980- 2017. Using the ARDL methodology we find that there is a negative longrun relationship between inflation and unemployment in South Africa and inflation is significant in explaining unemployment. Other variables of interest, economic growth and exchange rate are also significant in explaining unemployment. We use the findings of our study to propose that the South African Reserve Bank(SARB) should consider revising its objectives so that they can consider getting involved in targeting unemployment so that they help nurse the economy from the wounds of high inequality and poverty.

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12

Pabbaraju, Kanti, Wayne L. Miller, and Kenneth E. Sanderson. "Distribution of Intervening Sequences in the Genes for 23S rRNA and rRNA Fragmentation among Strains of theSalmonella Reference Collection B (SARB) and SARC Sets." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 7 (April 1, 2000): 1923–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.7.1923-1929.2000.

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ABSTRACT Intervening sequences (IVSs) occur sporadically in several bacterial genera in the genes for 23S rRNA at relatively conserved locations. They are cleaved after transcription and lead to the presence of fragmented rRNA, which is incorporated into the ribosomes without religation but is nevertheless functional. The fragmentation of rRNA and the number of IVSs in all 72 strains of theSalmonella Reference Collection B set and 16 strains of theSalmonella Reference Collection C set, which have been established on the basis of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE), were analyzed in the present study. Fragmentation of 23S rRNA was restricted to conserved cleavage sites located at bp 550 (helix 25) and bp 1170 (helix 45), locations where IVSs have been reported. Random cleavage at sites where IVSs could not be detected was not seen. Uncleaved IVSs were not detected in any case; thus, the IVSs invariably led to rRNA fragmentation, indicating a strong selection for maintenance of RNase III cleavage sites. The distribution of the number of IVSs carried by the different strains in the seven rrlgenes is diverse, and the pattern of IVS possession could not be related to the MLEE pattern among the various Salmonellastrains tested; this indicates that the IVSs are frequently exchanged between strains by lateral transfer. All eight subspecies of the genus Salmonella, including subspecies V represented bySalmonella bongori, have IVSs in both helix 25 and helix 45; this indicates that IVSs entered the genus after its divergence from Escherichia coli (more than 100 million years ago) but before separation of the genus Salmonella into many forms or that they were in the ancestor but have been lost fromEscherichia.

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13

Makatjane, Katleho, and Diteboho Xaba. "An early warning system for inflation using Markov-Switching and logistic models approach." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 6, no. 4 (2016): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rcgv6i4art5.

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With the adoption of the inflation targeting by the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) in 2000, the average inflation radically went down. Earlier 2000, the inflation rate was recorded at 8.8% that is January 1999; then a year later went down to 2.65%. What’s more, this paper builds up an early warning system (EWS) model for predicting the event of high inflation in South Africa. Periods of high and low inflation were distinguished by utilizing Markov-switching model. Utilizing the results of regime classification, logistic regression models were then assessed with the goal of measuring the likelihood of the event of high inflation periods. Empirical results demonstrate that the proposed EWS model has some potential as a corresponding instrument in the SARB’s monetary policy formulation based on the in-sample and out-of-sample forecasting performance.

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14

Heymans, Andreas G., and Chris Van Heerden. "A Risk-Adjusted Evaluation Of The JSE Top 40 As An International Investment Option." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 30, no. 6 (October 21, 2014): 1639. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v30i6.8880.

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In response to the wealth destruction caused by the 2007/2008 global financial crisis, many developed economies have lowered their interest rates to improve their balance sheets (SARB, 2008-2012). However, in order for investors to sustain expected returns they will have to deviate from the traditional approach of investing in government bonds and consider investing in emerging markets, which are considered as potential drivers of global growth (Deloitte Consulting LLP, 2012). The goal of this paper is to establish the importance of considering South Africa as an emerging market investment opportunity, but also to acknowledge its ability of outperforming several other common emerging markets during the post-financial crisis period. This was done by means of a novel approach to the Omega ratio. The results from this paper confirms this, illustrating that the performance of the JSE Top 40 will compensate for the additional political risk that emerging market investments possess (Anshuman, 2010).

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15

Kundu, Bijoy, Shaheena Yasmeen Rizvi, Krishna Behari Mathur, and Kurunamoy Kar. "Antiarrhythmic activity of a novel analogue of AAP." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 55, no. 2 (1990): 575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19900575.

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Three novel analogues of antiarrhythmic peptide (AAP), [Sar2, Pro3]AAP (I), [Sar3]AAP (II) and [Sar2, Sar3]AAP (III), have been synthesized in order to get peptides with enhanced antiarrhythmic activity. Their antiarrhythmic activity has been evaluated against aconitine induced arrhythmia in rats. [Sar2, Sar3]AAP has been found to be more active than AAP. It is equipotent to the commonly used antiarrhythmic drug quinidine, so far as delay in the onset of ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest are concerned. Relationship of biological activities of these peptides with their CD is discussed. The results suggest that the spatial structure of III attributed to Sar2-Sar3 linkage might be contributing to its higher antiarrhythmic activity.

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Melville, David B., Sean Studer, and Randy Schekman. "Small sequence variations between two mammalian paralogs of the small GTPase SAR1 underlie functional differences in coat protein complex II assembly." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 25 (May 1, 2020): 8401–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra120.012964.

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Vesicles that are coated by coat protein complex II (COPII) are the primary mediators of vesicular traffic from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. Secretion-associated Ras-related GTPase 1 (SAR1) is a small GTPase that is part of COPII and, upon GTP binding, recruits the other COPII proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Mammals have two SAR1 paralogs that genetic data suggest may have distinct physiological roles, e.g. in lipoprotein secretion in the case of SAR1B. Here we identified two amino acid clusters that have conserved SAR1 paralog–specific sequences. We observed that one cluster is adjacent to the SAR1 GTP-binding pocket and alters the kinetics of GTP exchange. The other cluster is adjacent to the binding site for two COPII components, SEC31 homolog A COPII coat complex component (SEC31) and SEC23. We found that the latter cluster confers to SAR1B a binding preference for SEC23A that is stronger than that of SAR1A for SEC23A. Unlike SAR1B, SAR1A was prone to oligomerize on a membrane surface. SAR1B knockdown caused loss of lipoprotein secretion, overexpression of SAR1B but not of SAR1A could restore secretion, and a divergent cluster adjacent to the SEC31/SEC23-binding site was critical for this SAR1B function. These results highlight that small primary sequence differences between the two mammalian SAR1 paralogs lead to pronounced biochemical differences that significantly affect COPII assembly and identify a specific function for SAR1B in lipoprotein secretion, providing insights into the mechanisms of large cargo secretion that may be relevant for COPII-related diseases.

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17

Marutle, Ofentse William, and Olebogeng David Daw. "The Significance of Mining Infrastructural Development on South African Economy from 1980-2013: An Econometric Approach." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 3(J) (July 20, 2017): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i3(j).1747.

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In this present paper we investigate the relationship between mining infrastructure and economic growth in South Africa from 1980-2013. The importance of this paper is to examine if there is both short and long run significant relationship between mining infrastructure and economic growth in South Africa. The data mining was collected from South African Reserve Bank (SARB) covering the range from 1980-2013 of the paper. Both Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Phillip Perron (PP) where used for stationarity tests. Johansen Cointegration test is employed in this paper; also Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) is also employed in this paper. In the results we obtained that there is a positive significant relationship between mining infrastructure and economic growth. There is also a causal relationship between mining infrastructure and economic growth, meaning the development of mining infrastructure does promote economic growth. In conclusion the policy makers should improve private infrastructure which will equip human capital to be more useful in contributing towards knowledge and innovation. This means South African government and mining industry should priorities the development of infrastructure as component that will be sufficient towards economic development.

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Marutle, Ofentse William, and Olebogeng David Daw. "The Significance of Mining Infrastructural Development on South African Economy from 1980–2013: An Econometric Approach." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 3 (July 20, 2017): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i3.1747.

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In this present paper we investigate the relationship between mining infrastructure and economic growth in South Africa from 1980-2013. The importance of this paper is to examine if there is both short and long run significant relationship between mining infrastructure and economic growth in South Africa. The data mining was collected from South African Reserve Bank (SARB) covering the range from 1980-2013 of the paper. Both Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Phillip Perron (PP) where used for stationarity tests. Johansen Cointegration test is employed in this paper; also Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) is also employed in this paper. In the results we obtained that there is a positive significant relationship between mining infrastructure and economic growth. There is also a causal relationship between mining infrastructure and economic growth, meaning the development of mining infrastructure does promote economic growth. In conclusion the policy makers should improve private infrastructure which will equip human capital to be more useful in contributing towards knowledge and innovation. This means South African government and mining industry should priorities the development of infrastructure as component that will be sufficient towards economic development.

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Leshoro, Temitope L. A. "Does the Repurchase Rate Affect Inflation in South Africa? An Empirical Analysis Using an Impulse Response Function." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 6, no. 7 (July 30, 2014): 524–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v6i7.513.

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The repurchase rate (repo rate) is the most common monetary policy instrument that the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) uses to control inflation and endeavours to keep it within the inflation target band of 3% to 6%. This study examines the effect of the repo rate on inflation rate along with other variables using the Impulse-Response Function (IRF) of a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) technique. This study uses quarterly data spanning over the period 1980Q2 to 2013Q3. The response of a shock in repo rate on inflation rate and vice versa is generally positive. The results show that given one standard deviation shock in the repo rate, inflation rate will initially increase up until the second quarter after which it starts to decline, and increases again in the fifth quarter. The results obtained from the VAR granger causality test show that repo rate leads the gross domestic product (GDP) growth and inflation rate. There is bidirectional causality between inflation and repo rate; and the result is the same, even after structural break was accounted for. The VAR shows no evidence of instability and autocorrelation, hence the results are reliable. The study suggests some policy recommendations.

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Naraidoo, Ruthira, and Leroi Raputsoane. "ZONE-TARGETING MONETARY POLICY PREFERENCES AND FINANCIAL MARKET CONDITIONS: A FLEXIBLE NON-LINEAR POLICY REACTION FUNCTION OF THE SARB MONETARY POLICY." South African Journal of Economics 78, no. 4 (December 2010): 400–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.2010.01256.x.

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Tonder, S. Van, and J. H. Van Rooyen. "An explanatory model of South African yellow maize futures prices." Corporate Ownership and Control 9, no. 3 (2012): 204–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv9i3c1art5.

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This study attempts to identify the important variables that may affect yellow maize futures prices in the South African derivatives market. Data was obtained from the South African Futures Exchange, a division of the Johannesburg Securities Exchange. Weekly data on the rand-dollar exchange rates were obtained from the South African Reserve Bank (SARB). Monthly data regarding import volumes, export volumes, maize consumption and maize stocks in South Africa are available from South African Grain Information Service (SAGIS). Fifteen variables that may be used to forecast futures prices were identified from theory and similar studies. A correlation matrix of these variables with maize futures prices was determined at the 5% significance level. After applying various statistical analyses to test for autocorrelations, stationarity etc., only four variables were left with which to model the futures prices. The R2 of the remaining variables was only 12.21%, indicating a low goodness of fit. Applying the regression model to the ex-post prices clearly indicated that these variables that were identified do not adequately explain the movement in the futures prices. The primary reasons for the low accuracy of the model may be due to the use of the weather index for SA alone (a small contributor in a global market) and the linearity assumption underlying the selected dependant and independent variables may also be unrealistic. Further research is therefore needed to identify more appropriate variables with which to model yellow maize futures prices.

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Noumbissie, Flavien Fokou. "The Impact of Monetary Policy on Financial Market in South Africa: A VAR Analysis." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 6, no. 8 (August 30, 2014): 636–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v6i8.524.

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Like in many other countries, the South African financial market facilitates the process of raising capital by channelling funds to more productive economic activity, thereby building the nation's economy while enhancing job opportunities and wealth creation. The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of monetary policy on financial market in South Africa. It is important to constantly look into this interaction since policy decisions have a direct influence on financial market. A negative response from the market side may jeopardise economic stability. The study uses the vector autoregressive (VAR) model to evaluate the impact of monetary policy on financial market in South Africa. The model consists of five policy instruments as variables; namely: money supply (M3), real exchange rate(ER), discount Rate (R), consumer price index (CPI), gross domestic product (GDP) and the two market related variables: Stock market turnover (S) and Bond market turnover (B). Data is obtained from SARB and OECD databases for a period of 53 quarters from 2000:Q1 to 2013:Q1. By the use of impulse response function (IRF), the study found that given current economic situation in South Africa, stock market turnover reacts positively to money supply; discount rate; real exchange and GDP shocks. On the other hand stock market turnover reacts negatively to CPI economic shocks. To correct CPI negative impact on markets, we suggest that the policymakers could envisage a contractionary monetary policy translated by a proportional cut in money supply through the sales of government securities.

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Sun, Jiaqi, and J. H. Van Rooyen. "A modelling process of short-term interest rate risk management for the South African commercial banking sector." Corporate Ownership and Control 9, no. 1 (2011): 628–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv9i1c6art6.

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This study focuses on banking book interest rate risk (IRR) management, more specifically short-term IRR management (SIRR). This type of risk is partly induced by the inflation targeting policy of the South African Reserve Bank (SARB). As a result, inflation leads to an uncertain interest rate cycle and a period of uncertain interest rate levels as it relates to lending and borrowing activities in the South African commercial banking sector. This study highlights what causes short-term interest rate risk and how the banks may forecast and manage the SIRR with reference to the inflation targeting policy. The banking industry manages a high volume of fund transactions and portfolios of investments. The banks are intricately involved in the financial markets and are therefore exposed to a large number of risk factors. A sound banking system is an important prerequisite for a country’s future economic development. One key empirical finding of this research is that 50 per cent of the South African banks agree that loans that cannot undergo immediate rate adjustments are exposed to the repo-rate adjustment after the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting. Banks surveyed see the need for the development of a short-term interest rate risk (SIRR) management process to better control such repo-rate risk. The next key empirical finding is that interest rate risk is still managed via traditional repricing gap and sensitivity analysis which is not ideal for risk management due to inherent weaknesses (such as not quantifying capital risk exposure). This agrees with the Pricewaterhousecoopers Balance Sheet Management benchmark survey

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Meça, Eriola, Glenda Sallaku, and Astrit Balliu. "Artificial Inoculation of AM Fungi Improves Nutrient Uptake Efficiency in Salt Stressed Pea (Pissum Sativum L) Plants." Journal of Agricultural Studies 4, no. 3 (June 11, 2016): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v4i3.9585.

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The study aimed to investigate the effects of commercially available AMF inoculate (Glomussp. mixture) on the growth and the nutrient acquisition of field pea (Pissum sativumL) plants. Inoculated (AMF+) and non-inoculated (AMF-) pea plants were subjected to two levels of salinity by the addition of sodium chlorate into the tap water (0 and 50mM NaCl). Several times during the growing cycle, in randomly selected plants the morphology of root system was analyzed and the dry matter of roots and the aboveground biomass were individually measured. Furthermore, plant tissue samples were analyzed regarding N, P and K concentration and the total uptake and specific absorption rate of these elements (SARN, SARP, SARK) per unit of root length, root surface area and root volume were calculated. Saline irrigation water strongly diminished the growth of pea plants and strongly reduced the absorption capacity of their root system. The inoculation of AM fungi in the growing substrate contributed to the increase of plant biomass and alleviation of the salinity stress by improving the specific absorption rate of main nutrient elements by the root system. Therefore, the artificial inoculation of AM fungi could be considered as an effective alternative to improve growth of pea plants under saline irrigation water conditions.

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Miruka, Collins Ogutu, Gisele Mah, and Mamello A. Nchake. "Financial guarantees and public debt in South Africa." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 5, no. 3 (2015): 214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv5i3c2art7.

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A few years since the worst of the Euro sovereign debt crisis, many nations, from Cyprus to Ireland, including South Africa are re-visiting their public debt management to avert or lessen the impact of similar such happenings in the future. There are a number of studies on risk assessments of fiscal sustainability; however, few focus on contingent liabilities and even fewer on financial guarantees. In South Africa, financial guarantees have consistently comprised just above or below 50% of all contingent liabilities since the early days of majoritarian rule. In lieu of this, the paper analyses the risks posed by financial guarantees to fiscal sustainability in South Africa. We estimate the effect of financial guarantees on public debt in South Africa via the Engle Granger and causality model with quarterly time series data obtained from the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) as well as the National Treasury. The data covers the April 1997 to December 2011 period. All econometric methods were executed using the statistical software package E-Views 7. We found that no long run relationship exists between national net loan debt and financial guarantees in South Africa. The pass rate of financial guarantees significantly affects its present value. The pass rate of financial guarantees has a predicting ability in determining the present value of national net loan debt. These findings may be contrary to what would be expected in the case of South Africa considering that the country is managing the issuance of financial guarantees prudently and that at present levels, there is no need for a radical policy shift. The study therefore offers a lesson to similar merging economies on the good governance of contingent liabilities.

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Zhao, Gang, Huilin Gao, and Lan Cuo. "Effects of Urbanization and Climate Change on Peak Flows over the San Antonio River Basin, Texas." Journal of Hydrometeorology 17, no. 9 (September 1, 2016): 2371–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-15-0216.1.

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Abstract A thorough understanding of the peak flows under urbanization and climate change—with the associated uncertainties—is indispensable for mitigating the negative social, economic, and environmental impacts from flooding. In this paper, a case study was conducted by applying the Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM) to the San Antonio River basin (SARB), Texas. Historical and future land-cover maps were assembled to represent the urbanization process. Future climate and its uncertainties were represented by a series of designed scenarios using the Change Factor (CF) method. The factors were calculated by comparing the model ensemble from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) with baseline historical climatology during two future periods (2020–49, period 1; 2070–99, period 2). It was found that with urban impervious areas increasing alone, annual peak flows may increase from 601 (period 1) to 885 m3 s−1 (period 2). With regard to climate change, annual peak flows driven by forcings from maximum, median, and minimum CFs under four representative concentration pathways (RCPs) were analyzed. While the median values of future annual peak flows—forced by the median CF values—are very similar to the baseline under all RCPs, in each case the uncertainty range (calculated as the difference between annual peak flows driven by the maximum and minimum CFs) is very large. When urbanization and climate change coevolve, these averaged annual peak flows from the four RCPs will increase from 447 (period 1) to 707 m3 s−1 (period 2), with the uncertainties associated with climate change more than 3 times greater than those from urbanization.

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Kuge, O., C. Dascher, L. Orci, T. Rowe, M. Amherdt, H. Plutner, M. Ravazzola, G. Tanigawa, J. E. Rothman, and W. E. Balch. "Sar1 promotes vesicle budding from the endoplasmic reticulum but not Golgi compartments." Journal of Cell Biology 125, no. 1 (April 1, 1994): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.125.1.51.

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Two new members (Sar1a and Sar1b) of the SAR1 gene family have been identified in mammalian cells. Using immunoelectron microscopy, Sar1 was found to be restricted to the transitional region where the protein was enriched 20-40-fold in vesicular carriers mediating ER to Golgi traffic. Biochemical analysis revealed that Sar1 was essential for an early step in vesicle budding. A Sar1-specific antibody potently inhibited export of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) from the ER in vitro. Consistent with the role of guanine nucleotide exchange in Sar1 function, a trans-dominant mutant (Sar1a[T39N]) with a preferential affinity for GDP also strongly inhibited vesicle budding from the ER. In contrast, Sar1 was not found to be required for the transport of VSV-G between sequential Golgi compartments, suggesting that components active in formation of vesicular carriers mediating ER to Golgi traffic may differ, at least in part, from those involved in intra-Golgi transport. The requirement for novel components at different stages of the secretory pathway may reflect the recently recognized differences in protein transport between the Golgi stacks as opposed to the selective sorting and concentration of protein during export from the ER.

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Yani, Murwanti Fajar, and Rini Riyantini. "KONTROVERSI VIDEO LAST HOPE KITCHEN EPISODE PUDING BABI KURMA DI YOUTUBE (ANALISIS UNSUR SARA SEMIOTIKA CHARLES SANDERS PIERCE)." EKSPRESI DAN PERSEPSI : JURNAL ILMU KOMUNIKASI 2, no. 1 (September 17, 2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33822/jep.v2i1.496.

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Video Last Hope Kitchen episode Puding Babi Kurma yang ditampilkan di channel YouTube milik Tretan Muslim dengan viewers lebih dari 275 ribu menimbulkan kontroversi karena dinilai mengandung unsur SARA. Kontroversinya terlihat dari percakapan dan gesture yang ditunjukkan oleh Muslim dan Coki seperti “Daging babi dicampur dengan sari kurma, babinya jadi halal atau kurmanya yang jadi haram?”. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk menginterpretasikan unsur SARA dalam video Last Hope Kitchen episode Puding Babi Kurma. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori diskursus, ruang publik, critical discourse analysis, dan semiotika. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan teknik analisis semiotika Charles Sanders Pierce, video dianalisis berdasarkan trikotomi semiotika yaitu tanda, objek, dan interpretasinya. Hasil penelitiannya adalah tanda berupa percakapan dan gesture, objek berupa simbol-simbol yang diperlihatkan dalam video menghasilkan makna bahwa Muslim dan Coki menampilkan video bergenre dark comedy yang masih sangat jarang ditampilkan di Indonesia dan mengandung unsur SARA. Konten komedi yang membawa unsur agama didalamnya sangat sensitif bagi masyarakat Indonesia.Kata Kunci: Video Last Hope Kitchen, Kontroversi, SARA, Dark Comedy, Semiotika.

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Cheung, Ambrose L., Yueh-tyng Chien, and Arnold S. Bayer. "Hyperproduction of Alpha-Hemolysin in asigB Mutant Is Associated with Elevated SarA Expression inStaphylococcus aureus." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 1331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.3.1331-1337.1999.

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ABSTRACT To evaluate the role of SigB in modulating the expression of virulence determinants in Staphylococcus aureus, we constructed a sigB mutant of RN6390, a prototypic S. aureus strain. The mutation in the sigB gene was confirmed by the absence of the SigB protein in the mutant on an immunoblot as well as the failure of the mutant to activate ςB-dependent promoters (e.g., the sarC promoter) ofS. aureus. Phenotypic analysis indicated that both alpha-hemolysin level and fibrinogen-binding capacity were up-regulated in the mutant strain compared with the parental strain. The increase in fibrinogen-binding capacity correlated with enhanced expression of clumping factor and coagulase on immunoblots. The effect of thesigB mutation on the enhanced expression of the alpha-hemolysin gene (hla) was primarily transcriptional. Upon complementation with a plasmid containing the sigBgene, hla expression returned to near parental levels in the mutant. Detailed immunoblot analysis as well as a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the cell extract of thesigB mutant with anti-SarA monoclonal antibody 1D1 revealed that the expression of SarA was higher in the mutant than in the parental control. Despite an elevated SarA level, the transcription of RNAII and RNAIII of the agr locus remained unaltered in thesigB mutant. Because of a lack of perturbation inagr, we hypothesize that inactivation of sigBleads to increased expression of SarA which, in turn, modulates target genes via an agr-independent but SarA-dependent pathway.

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Blevins, Jon S., Karen E. Beenken, Mohamed O. Elasri, Barry K. Hurlburt, and Mark S. Smeltzer. "Strain-Dependent Differences in the Regulatory Roles of sarA and agr in Staphylococcus aureus." Infection and Immunity 70, no. 2 (February 2002): 470–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.2.470-480.2002.

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ABSTRACT The accessory gene regulator (agr) and the staphylococcal accessory regulator (sar) are central regulatory elements that control the production of Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors. To date, the functions of these loci have been defined almost exclusively using RN6390, which is representative of the laboratory strain 8325-4. However, RN6390 was recently shown to have a mutation in rsbU that results in a phenotype resembling that of a sigB mutant (I. Kullik et al., J. Bacteriol. 180:4814–4820, 1998). For that reason, it remains unclear whether the regulatory events defined in RN6390 are representative of the events that take place in clinical isolates of S. aureus. To address this issue, we generated mutations in the sarA and agr loci of three laboratory strains (RN6390, Newman, and S6C) and four clinical isolates (UAMS-1, UAMS-601, DB, and SC-1). Mutation of sarA in the cna-positive strains UAMS-1 and UAMS-601 resulted in an increased capacity to bind collagen, while mutation of agr had little impact. Northern blot analysis confirmed that the increase in collagen binding was due to increased cna transcription. Without exception, mutation of sarA resulted in increased production of proteases and a decreased capacity to bind fibronectin. Mutation of agr had the opposite effect. Although mutation of sarA resulted in a slight reduction in fnbA transcription, changes in the ability to bind fibronectin appeared to be more directly correlated with changes in protease activity. Lipase production was reduced in both sarA and agr mutants. While mutation of sarA in RN6390 resulted in reduced hemolytic activity, it had the opposite effect in all other strains. There appeared to be reduced levels of the sarC transcript in RN6390, but there was no difference in the overall pattern of sar transcription or the production of SarA. Although mutation of sarA resulted in decreased RNAIII transcription, this effect was not evident under all growth conditions. Taken together, these results suggest that studies defining the regulatory roles of sarA and agr by using RN6390 are not always representative of the events that occur in clinical isolates of S. aureus.

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Drobotushenko, Evgeny Viktorovich, Yuliya Nikolaevna Lantsova, Galina Petrovna Kamneva, Andrey Aleksandrovich Sotnikov, and Sergey Aleksandrovich Sotnikov. "The religious situation in Buryatia in the late 1980s and early 1990s." Samara Journal of Science 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv2021102212.

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Based on archival data the paper describes the religious situation in the Buryat ASSR, then the Buryat SSR and the Republic of Buryatia during the change of socio-political development of the national state in the late 1980s - early last decade of the XX century. The authors say that this problem has not received serious analysis in the framework of scientific publications. Therefore, the research was based on archival documents of the State Archive of the Russian Federation (SA RF) and the State Archive of the Republic of Buryatia (SARB). The purpose of the study is to characterize the religious situation in the border area of the local territory in a difficult transition period of national history. The research methodology is based on the fundamental principles of historical science, the principles of historicism and objectivity, which allowed us to consider a rather complex component of the life of society - religion, without bias, in its historical development. The result of the study was the identification of features of religious processes in Buryatia during the period under review. The authors provide quantitative indicators for registered religious associations and religious buildings. The religious situation is assessed against the background of the General situation in the RSFSR (Russian Federation), with statistics for the Republic and the country. It is noted that the trends of religious processes in Buryatia, at the time under review, were similar to the national ones. This is a sharp surge in religiosity, against the background of the resolution of religious freedom, on the one hand, and, in the context of the socio-economic crisis, on the other. It is said that in Buryatia, in addition to traditional religious teachings for the region, new ones appeared, among which, there were the teachings of totalitarian sects. It describes the difficulties that arose in connection with the change in the attitude of the authorities to religions. It is noted that further work with sources is necessary, which will allow us to recreate the most complete picture of the religious situation in Buryatia during the difficult transition period of the late 1980s - early 1990s.

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Zeng, Yonglun, Kin Pan Chung, Baiying Li, Ching Man Lai, Sheung Kwan Lam, Xiangfeng Wang, Yong Cui, et al. "Unique COPII component AtSar1a/AtSec23a pair is required for the distinct function of protein ER export in Arabidopsis thaliana." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 46 (November 2, 2015): 14360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1519333112.

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Secretory proteins traffic from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to Golgi via the coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicle, which consists of five cytosolic components (Sar1, Sec23-24, and Sec13-31). In eukaryotes, COPII transport has diversified due to gene duplication, creating multiple COPII paralogs. Evidence has accumulated, revealing the functional heterogeneity of COPII paralogs in protein ER export. Sar1B, the small GTPase of COPII machinery, seems to be specialized for large cargo secretion in mammals. Arabidopsis contains five Sar1 and seven Sec23 homologs, and AtSar1a was previously shown to exhibit different effects on α-amylase secretion. However, mechanisms underlying the functional diversity of Sar1 paralogs remain unclear in higher organisms. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis Sar1 homolog AtSar1a exhibits distinct localization in plant cells. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing dominant-negative AtSar1a exhibit distinct effects on ER cargo export. Mutagenesis analysis identified a single amino acid, Cys84, as being responsible for the functional diversity of AtSar1a. Structure homology modeling and interaction studies revealed that Cys84 is crucial for the specific interaction of AtSar1a with AtSec23a, a distinct Arabidopsis Sec23 homolog. Structure modeling and coimmunoprecipitation further identified a corresponding amino acid, Cys484, on AtSec23a as being essential for the specific pair formation. At the cellular level, the Cys484 mutation affects the distinct function of AtSec23a on vacuolar cargo trafficking. Additionally, dominant-negative AtSar1a affects the ER export of the transcription factor bZIP28 under ER stress. We have demonstrated a unique plant pair of COPII machinery function in ER export and the mechanism underlying the functional diversity of COPII paralogs in eukaryotes.

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Nie, Chao, Huimin Wang, Rui Wang, David Ginsburg, and Xiao-Wei Chen. "Dimeric sorting code for concentrative cargo selection by the COPII coat." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 14 (March 19, 2018): E3155—E3162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1704639115.

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The flow of cargo vesicles along the secretory pathway requires concerted action among various regulators. The COPII complex, assembled by the activated SAR1 GTPases on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum, orchestrates protein interactions to package cargos and generate transport vesicles en route to the Golgi. The dynamic nature of COPII, however, hinders analysis with conventional biochemical assays. Here we apply proximity-dependent biotinylation labeling to capture the dynamics of COPII transport in cells. When SAR1B was fused with a promiscuous biotin ligase, BirA*, the fusion protein SAR1B-BirA* biotinylates and thus enables the capture of COPII machinery and cargos in a GTP-dependent manner. Biochemical and pulse–chase imaging experiments demonstrate that the COPII coat undergoes a dynamic cycle of engagement–disengagement with the transmembrane cargo receptor LMAN1/ERGIC53. LMAN1 undergoes a process of concentrative sorting by the COPII coat, via a dimeric sorting code generated by oligomerization of the cargo receptor. Similar oligomerization events have been observed with other COPII sorting signals, suggesting that dimeric/multimeric sorting codes may serve as a general mechanism to generate selectivity of cargo sorting.

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Mannick, Joan, Amelia Tomlinson, Sarb Shergill, Grace Teo, and Lloyd Klickstein. "LB2. TORC1 Inhibition with RTB101 as a Potential Pan-Antiviral Immunotherapy to Decrease the Incidence of Respiratory Tract Infections Due to Multiple Respiratory Viruses in Older Adults." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S993—S994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz415.2485.

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Abstract Background Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a leading cause of hospitalization and death in people age ≥65 years. RTIs are caused by multiple viruses, most of which lack effective treatments. An immunotherapy that enhances pan-antiviral innate immunity may reduce RTI incidence in older adults. Inhibition of targets downstream of target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) was reported to upregulate pan-antiviral gene expression and protect mice from a viral RTI (York AG et al. Cell 2015). We evaluated whether TORC1 inhibition increased antiviral gene expression and decreased RTI incidence in older adults. Methods A randomized, double-blind, placebo, controlled study was conducted to determine whether the TORC1 inhibitor RTB101 alone or in combination with the TORC1 inhibitor everolimus reduced the incidence of laboratory-confirmed RTIs. The study enrolled 652 older adults at increased risk of RTI-related morbidity and mortality (defined as age ≥85 years, or age ≥65 years with asthma, COPD, type 2 diabetes mellitus, or current smokers). Subjects were treated for 16 weeks during winter cold and flu season with oral RTB101 5 mg or 10 mg once daily (QD), RTB101 10 mg twice daily, RTB101 10 mg + everolimus 0.1 mg QD, or matched placebo. The primary endpoint was the percentage of subjects with ≥1 laboratory-confirmed RTI through Week 16. Results RTB101 was well tolerated. In the intent-to-treat analysis, RTB101 10 mg QD was observed to: reduce the percentage of subjects with laboratory-confirmed RTIs by 30.6% compared with placebo (P = 0.025); reduce the incidence of RTIs caused by multiple different viruses; and upregulate interferon-stimulated pan-antiviral gene expression in whole blood (P = 0.00001 vs. placebo, Figure 1). Furthermore, RTB101 10 mg QD was observed to reduce the time to alleviation of moderate to severe RTI symptoms by 5 days, and to reduce the rate of all-cause hospitalization (rate ratio 0.439, 90% CI 0.196–0.983, P = 0.047). Conclusion RTB101 10 mg QD was associated with a significant reduction in laboratory-confirmed RTIs due to multiple viral pathogens that lack effective medicines for treatment or prevention. RTB101 was observed to upregulate interferon-stimulated pan-antiviral gene expression, which may underlie the reduction in RTI incidence. Disclosures Joan Mannick, MD, resTORbio (Employee, Shareholder), Amelia Tomlinson, PhD, resTORbio (Employee), Sarb Shergill, PhD, resTORbio (Employee), Grace Teo, PhD, resTORbio (Employee), Lloyd Klickstein, MD, PhD, resTORbio (Employee).

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Elfyn, Menna, and Emma Baines. "Sari." Poem 1, no. 2 (January 2013): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20519842.2013.11415358.

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Pellegrino, Mark J. "Sara." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 256, no. 13 (October 3, 1986): 1793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1986.03380130121041.

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Bhat, Divyashri, Amr Rizk, Michael Zink, and Ralf Steinmetz. "SABR." ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications 14, no. 2s (May 22, 2018): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3183516.

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Mezghani, Ali. "Sabr." Esprit Juillet-Août, no. 7 (July 5, 2021): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/espri.2107.0181.

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Soygüder, Şebnem. "BİR DİL OLARAK “SARI” RENGİN ANLAMI VE “SARI BASIN” NEDEN “SARI”?" NWSA: Humanities 8, no. 2 (May 3, 2013): 184–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.12739/nwsa.2013.8.2.4c0164.

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Riadi, Riadi. "ANALISIS BUKU AJAR (BSE) PAI SD KELAS TINGGI (Studi Analisis di SD 1 Lembah Sari Kec. Batu Layar)." Ibtida'iy : Jurnal Prodi PGMI 3, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/ibtidaiy.v3i1.1058.

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Selama ini masyarakat secara keras mengkritisi kapasitas guru namun mengabaikan masalah-masalah yang bersumber dari buku ajar. Berbagai macam penyimpangan yang melibatkan anak sekolah patut dicurigai jangan-jangan bukan an sich faktor gurunya melainkan juga mengakar dari buku ajar. Oleh karena itu, dalam rangka menjaga sterilisasi buku ajar dari berbagai kepentingan, perlu dilakukan kajian analisis buku ajar yang dipakai sekolah-sekolah dasar. Dalam hal ini dikupas Bagaimana konten, gambar, pengambilan dalil dan masalah gender mainstreaming dalam buku ajar (BSE) PAI SD kelas tinggi yang digunakan SD 1 Lembah Sari, dan Apa saja kelebihan dan kekurangan buku ajar BSE PAI yang digunakan SD 1 Lembah sari. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Jenis kepustakaan yakni penelitian yang dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data dari buku, karya tulis, serta bahan kepustakaan lainnya yang sesuai dengan topic bahasan. Sedangkan pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan analisis deskripsi. yakni pendekatan yang menganalisis dengan mendeskripsikan objek kajian dari berbagai perspektif yakni analisis konten, analisis gambar, analisis pengambilan dalil, analisis gender mainstreaming, analisis multicultural dan analisis isu sara. Data temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah Berdasarkan uraian, analisis dan pembahasan di atas tentang Buku Ajar BSE di atas, dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: Penulis buku ajar sangat menentukan isi (secara umum) sebuah buku ajar. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan setelah dilakukan analisis dari empat perspektif yaitu analisis kontens, analisis gambar, analisis pengambilan dalil dan analisis gender mainstreaming. Dari analisis tersebut setiap item nya terdapat berbagai perbedaan dari ketiga buku ajar BSE tersebut. Salah satu faktor yang sangat mendasar dari perbedaan tersebut disebabkan oleh penulis yang berbeda-beda.

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Pade, Satria Wati. "KARAKTERISTIK VITAMIN C, VISKOSITAS DAN NILAI pH MINUMAN FUNGSIONAL KOMBINASI SARI BUAH NANAS (Ananas comosus) DAN JAHE (Zingiber officinale Roscoe.)." Journal Of Agritech Science (JASc) 4, no. 1 (May 22, 2020): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30869/jasc.v4i1.556.

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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kandungan vitamin C, viskositas dan nilai pH pada minuman fungsional dengan kombinasi sari buah nanas dan jahe. Uji yang dilakukan adalah pengujian vitamin C, viskositas dengan menggunakan Brookfield viscometer dan nilai pH. Penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa perlakuan tingkat perbandingan sari buah nanas dan sari jahe yaitu perlakuan A = Sari nanas 80% : sari jahe 20%, B= sari nanas 50% : sari jahe 50% dan C = sari nanas 20% : sari jahe 80%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan terbaik adalah perlakuan A dengan kombinasi sari nanas 80% : sari jahe 20% dibandingkan perlakuan B= sari nanas 50% : sari jahe 50% dan C= sari nanas 20% : sari jahe 80% dengan kandungan vitamin C 12,98mg/mL, viskositas 183,53 cP dan nilai pH 4,86.

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Berlind, Robert, and Sari Dienes. "Sari Dienes." Art Journal 53, no. 1 (1994): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/777529.

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Weissman, Michael, and Albert Wattenberg. "Robert Sard." Physics Today 48, no. 2 (February 1995): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2807922.

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Ali, Souad T. "Sara Akbar." Hawwa 14, no. 2 (September 8, 2016): 207–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341298.

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The history and modernization of women’s rights and leadership in Kuwait is explored through an introspective from Engineer Sara Akbar, ceo of Kuwait Energy. Akbar gives detailed accounts of her brief history of work and life as a woman in leadership. Through a lengthy ethnographic research, I traveled to Kuwait City as a Fulbright Scholar at the American University of Kuwait (auk 2009–2010) and had my first interview with her at the Engineers Society building. In 2013, on our first study abroad program at auk, I invited Sara Akbar to give a lecture to my asu students as part of a Lecture Series I organized; then I had another interview with her in her office in the new premises of her company, Kuwait Energy in Salmiya. Akbar’s dialogue highlights her theoretical feminist framework for life in Kuwait. In addition to her recounts of oppression and struggle as a woman in her workforce, Sara Akbar gives a call to action for people in all social and occupational hierarchies, men, and women, in Kuwait to broaden their horizons for women in leadership.

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Pecego, AC, RT Amâncio, DM Costa, FA Bozza, MM Siqueira, ML Oliveira, J. Cerbino-Neto, and A. Japiassu. "Etiology, clinical, and epidemiological characteristics of severe respiratory infection in people living with HIV." International Journal of STD & AIDS 31, no. 2 (January 22, 2020): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462419882587.

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People living with HIV (PLWH) are more prone to severe respiratory infections. We used the severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) definition to describe the etiology, clinical, and epidemiological characteristics in this population. This was a prospective observational study including PLWH hospitalized with fever and cough. Those with symptom onset up to 10 days were classified as severe acute respiratory infection and 11–30 days as non-severe acute respiratory infection. Blood, urine samples and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected. Data were extracted from patient charts during their hospital stay. Forty-nine patients were included, median CD4 cell count: 80 cells/mm3, median time since HIV diagnosis and hospital admission: 84 months and 80% were antiretroviral therapy exposed. Twenty-seven patients were classified as SARI. Etiology was identified in 69%, 47% were polymicrobial. Respiratory virus (9 SARI vs. 13 non-SARI), bacteria (5 SARI vs. 4 non-SARI), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (6 SARI group vs. 7 non-SARI group), Pneumocystis jirovecii (4 SARI vs. 1 non-SARI), Cryptococcus neoformans (1 SARI vs. 3 non-SARI), and influenza A (1 SARI vs. 2 non-SARI). Dyspnea was statistically more prevalent in SARI (78% vs. 36%, p = 0.011) but the risk of death was higher in the non-SARI (4% vs. 36%, p = 0.0067). In the severely immunocompromised PLWH, severe acute respiratory infection can be caused by multiple pathogens and codetection is a common feature.

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Ballal, Anand, and Adhar C. Manna. "Control of Thioredoxin Reductase Gene (trxB) Transcription by SarA in Staphylococcus aureus." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 1 (October 23, 2009): 336–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01202-09.

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ABSTRACT Thioredoxin reductase (encoded by trxB) protects Staphylococcus aureus against oxygen or disulfide stress and is indispensable for growth. Among the different sarA family mutants analyzed, transcription of trxB was markedly elevated in the sarA mutant under conditions of aerobic as well as microaerophilic growth, indicating that SarA acts as a negative regulator of trxB expression. Gel shift analysis showed that purified SarA protein binds directly to the trxB promoter region DNA in vitro. DNA binding of SarA was essential for repression of trxB transcription in vivo in S. aureus. Northern blot analysis and DNA binding studies of the purified wild-type SarA and the mutant SarAC9G with oxidizing agents indicated that oxidation of Cys-9 reduced the binding of SarA to the trxB promoter DNA. Oxidizing agents, in particular diamide, could further enhance transcription of the trxB gene in the sarA mutant, suggesting the presence of a SarA-independent mode of trxB induction. Analysis of two oxidative stress-responsive sarA regulatory target genes, trxB and sodM, with various mutant sarA constructs showed a differential ability of the SarA to regulate expression of the two above-mentioned genes in vivo. The overall data demonstrate the important role played by SarA in modulating expression of genes involved in oxidative stress resistance in S. aureus.

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Nikmaykhu Rohmah, Ahmida, Hapsari Kusumawardani, and Endang Prahastuti. "Studi Tentang Tenun Ikat di Home Industry Telaga Sari Trenggalek." Jurnal Inovasi Teknologi dan Edukasi Teknik 1, no. 3 (June 28, 2021): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um068v1n3p175-184.

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Tenun ikat merupakan kain tradisional Indonesia yang diproduksi di berbagai wilayah nusantara. Satu-satunya penghasil tenun ikat di Kabupaten Trenggalek adalah Home Industry Telaga Sari Trenggalek. Fokus penelitian Tenun Ikat di home industry Telaga Sari Trenggalek meliputi; (1) Latar belakang berdirinya home industry Telaga Sari Trenggalek, (2) Produk tenun di home industry Telaga Sari Trenggalek, (3) Motif tenun di home industry Telaga Sari Trenggalek, (4) Proses pembuatan tenun di home industry Telaga Sari Trenggalek, (5) Profil pemasaran produk tenun di home industry Telaga Sari Trenggalek. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendeskripsikan Latar belakang berdirinya, Produk kerajinan tenun, motif tenun, proses pembuatan tenun, serta profil pemasaran kerajinan tenun di home industry Telaga Sari Trenggalek. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah triangulasi teknik. Berdasarkan temuan peneliti dilapangan diperoleh data; (1) Tenun ikat Telaga Sari merupakan budaya baru di Kabupaten Trenggalek; (2) Home industry Telaga Sari Trenggalek menghasilkan berbagai macam produk tenun; (3) Home industry Telaga Sari Trenggalek memiliki motif umum dan motif khas Trenggalek; (4) Proses pembuatan tenun ikat Telaga Sari memerlukan dua tahap persiapan; (5) Sistem pemasaran produk tenun ikat Telaga Sari menggunakan sistem pemasaran langsung dan sistem pemasaran tidak langsung. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Tenun ikat Telaga Sari merupakan budaya baru di Kabupaten Trenggalek yang dibawa oleh Bapak Rohmad Ismail yang berasal dari Kediri; (2) home industry Telaga Sari Trenggalek menghasilkan berbagai macam produk tenun yakni: kain tenun katun mesres, kain tenun sutra, kain tenun semi sutra, pashmina, dan sarung goyor; (3) home industry Telaga Sari Trenggalek memiliki berbagai macam motif umum yang biasa digunakan pada kain tenun dimana motif tersebut tidak memiliki makna khusus dan juga memiliki motif khas Trenggalek yang bila dikaitkan dengan kebudayaan Trenggalek memiliki makna khusus. Motif khas tersebut yaitu motif cengkeh, motif wajik dan manggis, dan motif southern paradise; (4) Proses pembuatan tenun ikat Telaga Sari memerlukan dua tahap persiapan yaitu tahap persiapan benang lungsi dan tahap persiapan benang pakan; (5) Sistem pemasaran produk tenun ikat Telaga Sari menggunakan sistem pemasaran langsung dan sistem pemasaran tidak langsung.

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Long, Kimberly R., Yasunori Yamamoto, Adam L. Baker, Simon C. Watkins, Carolyn B. Coyne, James F. Conway, and Meir Aridor. "Sar1 assembly regulates membrane constriction and ER export." Journal of Cell Biology 190, no. 1 (July 12, 2010): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201004132.

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The guanosine triphosphatase Sar1 controls the assembly and fission of COPII vesicles. Sar1 utilizes an amphipathic N-terminal helix as a wedge that inserts into outer membrane leaflets to induce vesicle neck constriction and control fission. We hypothesize that Sar1 organizes on membranes to control constriction as observed with fission proteins like dynamin. Sar1 activation led to membrane-dependent oligomerization that transformed giant unilamellar vesicles into small vesicles connected through highly constricted necks. In contrast, membrane tension provided through membrane attachment led to organization of Sar1 in ordered scaffolds that formed rigid, uniformly nonconstricted lipid tubules to suggest that Sar1 organization regulates membrane constriction. Sar1 organization required conserved residues located on a unique C-terminal loop. Mutations in this loop did not affect Sar1 activation or COPII recruitment and enhanced membrane constriction, yet inhibited Sar1 organization and procollagen transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Sar1 activity was directed to liquid-disordered lipid phases. Thus, lipid-directed and tether-assisted Sar1 organization controls membrane constriction to regulate ER export.

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Astutti, Lestari Puji, Shyntia Estika Puri, and Dita Wasthu Prasida. "MANFAAT SARI SARI KURMA DALAM MEMPERCEPAT PERSALINAN KALA 1." Jurnal SMART Kebidanan 5, no. 1 (August 2, 2018): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.34310/sjkb.v5i1.150.

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Persalinan yang dimulai secara spontan dalam presentasi belakang kepala pada usia kehamilan 37-42 minggu lengkap dan setelah persalinan ibu maupun bayi berada dalam kondisi sehat. Dan partus lama merupakan alasan 68% seksio sesaria non elektif pada persentasi kepala. Sementara berdasarkan kelompok umur, kejadian kematian maternal terbanyak adalah pada usia 20-34 tahun sebesar 68,50%. Salah satu terapi nonfarmakologis untuk memicu kinerja hormone oksitosin guna mempercepat persalinan kala 1, dapat diberikan sari kurma. Yang mengandung hormone oksitosin yang akan menyebabkan kontraksi pada rahim. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh sari kurma terhadap kemajuan persalinan kala 1 fase aktif primigravida. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan quasi eksperiment dengan desain pre test post test control grup desain . Sampel penelitian ini adalah ibu hamil 37 minggu primigravida. Subyeknya adalah 30 responden. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan lembar observasi. Kemajuan persalinan diukur dengan lembar partograf. Penelitian ini dilakukan di RB Citra Insani pada bulan Januari 2018. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji t-test independent dengan hasil rata-rata lama persalinan kala 1 untuk kelompok control sebesar 253,67 menit dan untuk kelompok intervensi 233,00 menit. Hasil uji t-test menunjukkan pvalue=0,020. Ada pengaruh sari kurma terhadap kemajuan persalinan kala 1 fase aktif primigravida. Ibu hamil usia 37-42 minggu dapat memanfaatkan sari kurma untuk kemajuan persalinan nonfarmakologis. Kata Kunci: Persalinan; kala 1 fase aktif; Sari kurma;

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FURUYA, Masato, Kotaro FUKUI, Hajime IIDA, Shoichiro KOJIMA, and Takeshi MATSUOKA. "Experimental Observations of Two Mountain Glaciers on the Eastern Slope of Mt. Tsurugi by Pi-SAR2 Airborne SAR." Bulletin of Glaciological Research 35 (2017): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5331/bgr.16r04.

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Journal articles on the topic 'SARB'

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