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Journal articles on the topic 'Sardinia (Italy) – Economic conditions'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Balletto, Ginevra, Alessandra Milesi, Nicolò Fenu, Giuseppe Borruso, and Luigi Mundula. "Military Training Areas as Semicommons: The Territorial Valorization of Quirra (Sardinia) from Easements to Ecosystem Services." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020622.

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The paper addresses the issue of the concurrent use of coastal areas for military training and civil activities, namely tourism. In the paper, starting from the consideration of publicly owned assets as ‘semi-commons’, we propose a method based on the comparison of planning instruments related to the different uses, and try to model them in a grid, where different weights and degrees of evaluation can be considered, in order to promote, rather than blocking, possible activities, compatible with concurrent use. The military areas in Sardinia (region and island, Italy) are around 234 km2, which constitutes 60% of the national surface affected by military easements. This situation is due to its geographic position, considered centrality in the Mediterranean for strategic reasons. This contribution evaluates the performance of the Local Coastline Plan (LCP) and the Site management plan of Community Interest (SCI) in conditions of military constraint. The case study is the municipality of Villaputzu South Sardinia, Italy), where an important coastal military easement and the use of the coast for recreational tourism purposes coexist together through specific planning, a consequence of institutional agreements between the Municipal Administration of Villaputzu and the Ministry of Defense. The idea is considering the concurrent possible land uses guaranteed by the different planning instruments, instead of focusing, as it is generally the rule, on the sum of constraints provided by the laws. The local coastline plan has been identified as the ideal planning tool, which addresses the co-existence of apparently opposite land uses and interests, as those expressed by the local municipal planning and those expressed by the military. An evaluation of the congruence of the specific objectives of the LCP and SCI shows how their combined action favors the environmental enhancement of Sardinia, contributing to the formation of ecosystem services, even in particular conditions arising from military easements. These are sites that evolve from ‘anticommons’ to ‘semicommons’. In fact, the military release process in Sardinia, together with the promiscuous military and civil use, activates unique governance policies of their kind that find a significant field of application in Sardinia to guarantee sustainable renewal of economic development of the ‘semi-commons’ awaiting to become ‘commons’.
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2

Padedda, B. M., S. Pulina, P. Magni, N. Sechi, and A. Lugliè. "Phytoplankton dynamics in relation to environmental changes in a phytoplankton-dominated Mediterranean lagoon (Cabras Lagoon, Italy)." Advances in Oceanography and Limnology 3, no. 2 (September 4, 2012): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiol.2012.5331.

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In Mediterranean lagoons, macrophytes often surpass phytoplankton as the most important primary producers. Less frequently, phytoplankton dominates throughout the year, thus knowledge of its dynamics is relatively limited and scattered. In this study, we assessed over two years the dynamics of phytoplankton assemblages, including potential harmful algal species (HAS), in relation to environmental changes in the phytoplankton-dominated Cabras Lagoon (Sardinia, Italy). The lagoon was characterised by uniform spatial conditions, wide temporal variations in salinity (40 PSU) and high nutrient availability. Phosphorus was highest in summer, possibly recycled within the system, while dissolved inorganic nitrogen increased in winter and spring due to watershed discharge. Chlorophyll a, positively correlated with nutrients and rainfall, showed a typical bimodal pattern with summer-winter blooms. Modifications in phytoplankton composition strongly correlated with extreme weather events, such as intense rainfall. This generated an abrupt salinity decrease that, combined with high nutrient availability, favoured the dominance of Cyanophyceae of reduced cell size, such as Cyanobium and Rhabdoderma species. We suggest that the prolonged and intense dominance of Cyanophyceae, added to other HAS, has a negative impact on the primary economic activities of the lagoon, such as fishery, and generally on the whole lagoon functioning.
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Garibaldi, A., G. Minuto, R. Nicoletti, and M. L. Gullino. "First Report of a Blight Caused by Rhizoctonia solani on Anubias heterophylla in Italy." Plant Disease 87, no. 8 (August 2003): 1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.8.1005c.

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Anubias heterophylla Engler, which is used in aquariums, is a species in the Araceae family native to western tropical Africa. A few nurseries in Italy produce plants for this market. During the spring of 2002, symptoms of blight were observed on Anubias plants grown in an ebb and flow soilless media system in a nursery in Sardinia, Italy. Approximately 10% of the plants were infected. Symptoms initially developed as water-soaked, zonate lesions on the base of stems. Symptoms progressed rapidly and affected the entire plant. Eventually the plant collapsed. The growing conditions (soilless cultivation, high plant density, temperatures at 22–24°C, and 95 to 98% humidity) were conducive to disease development. Isolations from infected leaf and stem tissue on potato dextrose agar (PDA) with streptomycin sulphate at 100 mg/l consistently yielded a fungus with mycelial and cultural characteristics of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn (2). The fungus was characterized as R. solani AG-IV based on hyphal anastomosis with several AG-IV tester isolates (1). Pathogenicity tests were conducted by placing 5-day-old mycelial plugs grown on PDA at the base of healthy A. heterophylla stems and maintaining the plants in a dew chamber at 18 to 22°C. After 7 days, symptoms of basal rot were observed on stems of inoculated plants, and the entire plants were wilted. Plants not inoculated remained healthy. Rhizoctonia solani AG-IV was reisolated from all inoculated plants. The pathogenicity test was repeated. To our knowledge, this is the first report of R. solani on A. heterophylla. Since there are only a few nurseries that grow Anubias, the economic impact of the disease in Italy is minimal. References: (1) J. R. Parmeter et al. Phytopathology, 59:1270, 1969. (2) B. Sneh et al. Rhizoctonia Species: Taxonomy, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Pathology and Disease Control. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands 1996.
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4

Badas, Maria Grazia, Riccardo Rossi, and Michela Garau. "May a Standard VOF Numerical Simulation Adequately Complete Spillway Laboratory Measurements in an Operational Context? The Case of Sa Stria Dam." Water 12, no. 6 (June 4, 2020): 1606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061606.

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The present work aims to assess whether a standard numerical simulation (RANS-VOF model with k − ϵ closure) can adequately model experimental measurements obtained in a dam physical model. The investigation is carried out on the Sa Stria Dam, a roller compacted concrete gravity dam currently under construction in Southern Sardinia (Italy). The original project, for which a physical model was simulated, included a downstream secondary dam. However, due to both economic and technical reasons, the secondary dam may not be built. Hence, it is important to assess the flood discharge routing and energy dissipation in the modified plan. Numerical validation is performed adopting the same laboratory configuration, in presence of the downstream dam, and results show a good agreement with mean experimental variables (i.e., pressure, water level). An alternative configuration without the downstream dam is here numerically tested to understand the conditions of flood discharge and assess whether its results can give relevant information for the design of mitigation measures. The topic is of interest also from a more general perspective. Indeed, the feasibility to integrate numerical models with existing laboratory measurements can be very useful not only for new constructions but also for existing dams, which may need either maintenance or upgrading works, such as in case of flood discharge increment.
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5

Pignatti, Giuseppe, Gianni Facciotto, Giampiero Incollu, Sara Maltoni, Mauro Marongiu, Giulio Sperandio, Stefano Verani, and Michele Puxeddu. "Sustainable Forest Management in Radiata Pine Plantations: A Case Study in Sardinia (Italy)." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 3, no. 1 (November 12, 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecf2020-07958.

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The study deals with the sustainability of management in radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don.) plantations of an area of Sardinia (Italy). Focusing on management strategies that foster a continuous forest cover and processes of natural regeneration, the aim was to evaluate the benefits arising from different types of plantation management, balancing social, cultural, environmental and economic aspects. Systematic and selective thinning, as well as regeneration cutting, were carried out in test areas of 45-year-old plantations, and outcomes were compared by considering current forest dynamism, natural regeneration and technical and economic aspects. From an economic perspective, silvicultural management strategies were always positive, with differences depending on the type of intervention. The regeneration cutting, with the expected natural regeneration of radiata pine in the following years, ensures the best economic outcomes, allows for a continuous forest cover and favors the replacement of even-aged plantations, boosting biodiversity in forest stands (structure, species). Climate change, increasing pests and wildfires represent the biggest threats to the sustainability of plantations in Mediterranean areas, and sensitivity is higher in even-aged, homogeneous, monospecific tree stands. In the context of the study, turning forest plantations into more resilient and stable ecosystems can be effectively achieved by means of continuous-cover forest management strategies.
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6

Corona, P., V. Quatrini, M. Schirru, S. Dettori, and N. Puletti. "Towards the economic valuation of ecosystem production from cork oak forests in Sardinia (Italy)." iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry 11, no. 5 (October 31, 2018): 660–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/ifor2558-011.

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7

Sabato, Diego, Leonor Peña-Chocarro, Mariano Ucchesu, Marco Sarigu, Carla Del Vais, Ignazio Sanna, and Gianluigi Bacchetta. "New insights about economic plants during the 6th–2nd centuries bc in Sardinia, Italy." Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 28, no. 1 (April 26, 2018): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00334-018-0680-0.

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8

Scala, A., A. P. Pipia, F. Dore, G. Sanna, C. Tamponi, R. Marrosu, E. Bandino, C. Carmona, B. Boufana, and A. Varcasia. "Epidemiological updates and economic losses due to Taenia hydatigena in sheep from Sardinia, Italy." Parasitology Research 114, no. 8 (May 14, 2015): 3137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-015-4532-x.

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9

Salis, Michele, Alan A. Ager, Bachisio Arca, Mark A. Finney, Valentina Bacciu, Pierpaolo Duce, and Donatella Spano. "Assessing exposure of human and ecological values to wildfire in Sardinia, Italy." International Journal of Wildland Fire 22, no. 4 (2013): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf11060.

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We used simulation modelling to analyse spatial variation in wildfire exposure relative to key social and economic features on the island of Sardinia, Italy. Sardinia contains a high density of urban interfaces, recreational values and highly valued agricultural areas that are increasingly being threatened by severe wildfires. Historical fire data and wildfire simulations were used to estimate burn probabilities, flame length and fire size. We examined how these risk factors varied among and within highly valued features located on the island. Estimates of burn probability excluding non-burnable fuels, ranged from 0–1.92 × 10–3, with a mean value of 6.48 × 10–5. Spatial patterns in modelled outputs were strongly related to fuel loadings, although topographic and other influences were apparent. Wide variation was observed among the land parcels for all the key values, providing a quantitative approach to inform wildfire risk management activities.
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10

Boni, M., S. Costabile, B. De Vivo, and M. Gasparrini. "Potential environmental hazard in the mining district of southern Iglesiente (SW Sardinia, Italy)." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 67, no. 1-3 (December 1999): 417–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-6742(99)00078-3.

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11

Biddau, Riccardo, and Rosa Cidu. "Hydrogeochemical baseline studies prior to gold mining: A case study in Sardinia (Italy)." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 86, no. 2 (June 2005): 61–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.04.001.

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12

Cardil, Adrián, Giuseppe Mariano Delogu, and Domingo Miguel Molina-Terrén. "FATALITIES IN WILDLAND FIRES FROM 1945 TO 2015 IN SARDINIA (ITALY)." CERNE 23, no. 2 (June 2017): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01047760201723022266.

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ABSTRACT The worst outcome of wildland fires is the loss of human lives, a recurrent phenomenon over the last few decades in Sardinia, Europe and worldwide. This work analyzes all recorded fatalities in wildland fires in Sardinia from 1945 to 2015 and trends in terms of annual number of fatalities. This time period was split due to legal and socioeconomic changes periods (1945-1975; 1976-2000; 2001-2015). We classified accident types during wildland fires to study the most frequent causes of fatalities and how they were related 1) to involved human groups (professional firefighters, auxiliary firefighters, and civilians, 2) to fire size and 3) to extreme weather conditions. We observed that the annual number of victims was higher in the 1981-1999 period than in other periods with 2.6 fatalities per year. Entrapment is the most frequent cause of death within the fire professional firefighters (75.6 %). The rate of fatalities seemed to be higher in the 1981-1999 period for “civilians” and lower for “professional firefighters”. We detected that the annual number of “civilian” fatalities is higher in the 1981-1999 period with 1.6 fatalities per year. The calculated rate for “army forces & volunteer firefighters” group was in the middle ground. Entrapment is the most frequent cause of death with a percentage of 75.6 %. Fire size is a key factor in the fatality occurrence because over 80 % of deaths in wildland fires (without considering aerial accidents) happened in fires larger than 100 ha. Days with extreme weather conditions (high temperature or strong winds) were also instrumental because at least 47% of entrapments occurred in this kind of days.
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13

COSENTINO, SOFIA, and FRANCESCA PALMAS. "Hygienic Conditions and Microbial Contamination in Six Ewe's-Milk-Processing Plants in Sardinia, Italy." Journal of Food Protection 60, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-60.3.283.

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In Sardinia, ewe's milk is almost exclusively used for cheese manufacture, and it is usually processed in small dairies which do not have sufficient technical and scientific knowledge for largescale controlled production. This study was carried out to identify the sources of contamination and the kinds of contaminating microorganisms present in six ewe's milk processing plants in Sardinia. Samples were collected during production hours three times over a period of 6 months. Raw milk, heat-treated milk, curd, 30-day-old cheese, lactic culture, rennet, and water used in processing lines were analyzed and the microbial contamination of air and surfaces was evaluated. Total mesophilic aerobic counts, coliforms, Escherichia coli, gram-negative psychrotrophs, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., yeasts, and molds were determined. Our survey confirmed that the production offood of high microbiological quality is strictly dependent on the microbiological quality of the raw material, optimization of the parameters for the heat treatment, water of potable quality, well-defined cleaning and disinfection procedures, and properly hygienic processing conditions. In fact, only plants characterized by raw milk and rennet of acceptable quality, generally clean work surfaces, and low microbial counts in the air of working areas made finished products of high microbiological quality. Standardization of technological parameters and achievement of properly hygienic processing conditions will help minimize the risk of developing food-safety problems, in compliance with public health regulatory requirements. These actions would help guarantee an adequate quality of Sardinian ewe's milk cheeses and might also lead to access to the international market.
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Castorina, Francesca, and Umberto Masi. "The Sr-isotope composition of soils: A case study from Muravera (Se Sardinia, Italy)." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 96, no. 2-3 (February 2008): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2007.03.002.

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15

Di Pasquale, Francesca. "On the Edge of Penal Colonies: Castiadas (Sardinia) and the “Redemption” of the Land." International Review of Social History 64, no. 3 (September 18, 2019): 427–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859019000543.

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AbstractThe article analyses the development of agricultural penal colonies in Italy, focusing on their margins and borders. The first section focuses on Italy's frontier with overseas territories that was assumed in discussion of the location of penal colonies following Italian unification. The article also highlights some of the factors behind the effective lack of deportation and transportation of Italians overseas. The second section explores Italy's largest agricultural penal colony, Castiadas, in Sardinia and, more generally, the borders between convicts and free citizens and between penal territory and free territory. My thesis is that penal colonies were partly designed to discipline populations in adjacent territories and that their economic and social organization served as a development model for rural Italy more widely.
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16

Cidu, Rosa, Riccardo Biddau, Franco Frau, Richard B. Wanty, and Stefano Naitza. "Regional occurrence of aqueous tungsten and relations with antimony, arsenic and molybdenum concentrations (Sardinia, Italy)." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 229 (October 2021): 106846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2021.106846.

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17

COCCO, FABRIZIO, and ANTONIO FUNEDDA. "The Sardic Phase: field evidence of Ordovician tectonics in SE Sardinia, Italy." Geological Magazine 156, no. 1 (September 14, 2017): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756817000723.

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AbstractDetailed geological mapping, field observations and structural analyses demonstrate that Early Ordovician (‘Sardic’) deformation occurred in the early Palaeozoic successions that are now incorporated in the Variscan Nappe zone of SE Sardinia. This deformation is represented by folds that formed at a shallow depth, lack a significant syn-folding axial planar foliation, and do not affect the overlying Late Ordovician – Devonian sedimentary sequence. These deformation features can be related to the development of the Sardic Unconformity and to calc-alkaline volcanism in several now-scattered terranes of Ordovician northern Gondwana. This reflects a convergent geodynamic setting that in the study sector appears to have failed to reach a continental collisional end-stage. Associating the structural data from this study with those of several published research studies, a preliminary evaluation about which tectonic setting could better fit is proposed. These conditions affected the eastern side of the northern Gondwana margin more or less contemporaneously with the opening of the Rhéic Ocean and the closure of the Qaidam Ocean, before the amalgamation of the Hunia terranes.
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Fais, S., E. Porceddu, and R. Tocco. "High-resolution seismic reflection survey of a massive sulfide orebody in Sardinia, Italy — An experiment." Ore Geology Reviews 6, no. 1 (February 1991): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-1368(91)90028-6.

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19

Maccioni, L., M. Marchi, G. Padalino, and S. Pretti. "Preliminary geochemical exploration in semiarid climate: The case of a porphyry-type occurrence in Sardinia (Italy)." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 42, no. 2-3 (February 1992): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(92)90027-6.

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20

Da Pelo, Stefania, Elodia Musu, Rosa Cidu, Franco Frau, and Pierfranco Lattanzi. "Release of toxic elements from rocks and mine wastes at the Furtei gold mine (Sardinia, Italy)." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 100, no. 2-3 (February 2009): 142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2008.06.006.

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21

Seddaiu, Salvatore, Andrea Brandano, Pino Angelo Ruiu, Clizia Sechi, and Bruno Scanu. "An Overview of Phytophthora Species Inhabiting Declining Quercus suber Stands in Sardinia (Italy)." Forests 11, no. 9 (September 8, 2020): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11090971.

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Cork oak forests are of immense importance in terms of economic, cultural, and ecological value in the Mediterranean regions. Since the beginning of the 20th century, these forests ecosystems have been threatened by several factors, including human intervention, climate change, wildfires, pathogens, and pests. Several studies have demonstrated the primary role of the oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi Ronds in the widespread decline of cork oaks in Portugal, Spain, southern France, and Italy, although other congeneric species have also been occasionally associated. Between 2015 and 2019, independent surveys were undertaken to determine the diversity of Phytophthora species in declining cork oak stands in Sardinia (Italy). Rhizosphere soil samples were collected from 39 declining cork oak stands and baited in the laboratory with oak leaflets. In addition, the occurrence of Phytophthora was assayed using an in-situ baiting technique in rivers and streams located throughout ten of the surveyed oak stands. Isolates were identified by means of both morphological characters and sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA. In total, 14 different Phytophthora species were detected. Phytophthora cinnamomi was the most frequently isolated species from rhizosphere soil, followed by P. quercina, P. pseudocryptogea, and P. tyrrhenica. In contrast, P. gonapodyides turned out to be the most dominant species in stream water, followed by P. bilorbang, P. pseudocryptogea, P. lacustris, and P. plurivora. Pathogenicity of the most common Phytophthora species detected was tested using both soil infestation and log inoculation methods. This study showed the high diversity of Phytophthora species inhabiting soil and watercourses, including several previously unrecorded species potentially involved in the decline of cork oak forests.
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22

Montaldo, N., J. D. Albertson, and M. Mancini. "Vegetation dynamics and soil water balance in a water-limited Mediterranean ecosystem on Sardinia, Italy." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 6 (November 25, 2008): 1257–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-12-1257-2008.

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Abstract. Mediterranean ecosystems are commonly heterogeneous savanna-like ecosystems, with contrasting plant functional types (PFTs, e.g. grass and woody vegetation) competing for water. Mediterranean ecosystems are also commonly characterized by strong inter-annual rainfall variability, which influences the distributions of PFTs that vary spatially and temporally. An extensive field campaign in a Mediterranean setting was performed with the objective to investigate interactions between vegetation dynamics, soil water budget and land-surface fluxes in a water-limited ecosystem. Also a vegetation dynamic model (VDM) is coupled to a 3-component (bare soil, grass and woody vegetation) Land surface model (LSM). The case study is in Orroli, situated in the mid-west of Sardegna within the Flumendosa river basin. The landscape is a mixture of Mediterranean patchy vegetation types: trees, including wild olives and cork oaks, different shrubs and herbaceous species. Land surface fluxes, soil moisture and vegetation growth were monitored during the May 2003–June 2006 period. Interestingly, hydrometeorological conditions of the monitored years strongly differ, with dry and wet years in turn, such that a wide range of hydrometeorological conditions can be analyzed. The coupled VDM-LSM model is successfully tested for the case study, demonstrating high model performance for the wide range of eco-hydrologic conditions. Results demonstrate also that vegetation dynamics are strongly influenced by the inter-annual variability of atmospheric forcing, with grass leaf area index changing significantly each spring season according to seasonal rainfall amount.
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Russell, Anthony, and A. Bernard Knapp. "SARDINIA AND CYPRUS: AN ALTERNATIVE VIEW ON CYPRIOTES IN THE CENTRAL MEDITERRANEAN." Papers of the British School at Rome 85 (January 10, 2017): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246216000441.

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Recent research reveals what we term a ‘discourse of certainty’ regarding an assumed predominant socio-economic and cultural impact of Late Bronze Age Cypriotes or Mycenaeans on the local peoples of Sardinia and/or Sicily and Italy, not least in terms of a systematic, seaborne trading network extending from the Cyprus to the Tyrrhenian Sea. ‘Minimalist’ approaches to such a phenomenon have a long and venerable but more limited pedigree. In this study, we question why minimalist views have been so summarily dismissed in much current literature that seeks to evaluate an eastern Mediterranean presence or influence in the central Mediterranean. We focus on Sardinia, and on the range of Cypriot or ‘Cypriot-type’ materials found there. We consider the nature of the Cypriot–Sardinian relationship, and suggest that we should decouple foreign objects from foreign agents. We question several of the perceived Cypriot influences on Sardinian artefacts, and consider possible alternative mechanisms and routes of exchange between the east and central Mediterranean. We outline and discuss the array of presumed or actual Cypriot artefacts found on Sardinia, and argue that these do not add up to a ‘significant’ corpus of Late Cypriot materials and connections.
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Montaldo, N., J. D. Albertson, and M. Mancini. "Vegetation dynamics and soil water balance in a water-limited Mediterranean ecosystem on Sardinia, Italy." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 5, no. 1 (January 31, 2008): 219–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-5-219-2008.

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Abstract. Mediterranean ecosystems are commonly heterogeneous savanna-like ecosystems, with contrasting plant functional types (PFTs, e.g., grass and woody vegetation) competing for the water use. Mediterranean ecosystems are also commonly characterized by strong inter-annual rainfall variability, which influences the distributions of PFTs that vary spatially and temporally. With the objective to investigate interactions between vegetation dynamics, soil water budget and land-surface fluxes in a water-limited ecosystem, an extensive field campaign in a Mediterranean setting was performed. Also a vegetation dynamic model (VDM) is coupled to a 3-component (bare soil, grass and woody vegetation) Land surface model (LSM). The case study is in Orroli, situated in the mid-west of Sardegna within the Flumendosa river basin. The landscape is a mixture of Mediterranean patchy vegetation types: trees, including wild olives and cork oaks, different shrubs and herbaceous species. Land surface fluxes, soil moisture and vegetation growth were monitored during the May 2003–June 2006 period. Interestingly, hydrometeorological conditions of the monitored years strongly differ, with dry and wet years in turn, such that a wide range of hydrometeorological conditions can be analyzed. The coupled VDM-LSM model is successfully tested for the case study, demonstrating high model performance for the wide range of eco-hydrologic conditions. The use of the VDM in the LSM is demonstrated to be essential when studying the climate-soil-vegetation interactions of these water-limited ecosystems. Results demonstrate also that vegetation dynamics are strongly influenced by the inter-annual variability of atmospheric forcing, with grass leaf area index changing significantly each spring season according to seasonal rainfall amount.
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Medas, Daniela, Rosa Cidu, Giovanni De Giudici, and Francesca Podda. "Geochemistry of rare earth elements in water and solid materials at abandoned mines in SW Sardinia (Italy)." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 133 (October 2013): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.05.005.

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Berlinguer, Fiammetta, Fahad Ahmed, Claudia Tamponi, Silvia Carta, Antonio Scala, Maria Grazia Cappai, and Antonio Varcasia. "Help from the sky: Can vultures contribute to Cystic Echinococcosis control in endemic areas?" PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): e0009615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009615.

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Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is endemic in Sardinia and constitutes a serious public health concern due to high prevalence in livestock and humans. Despite sustained efforts, control of the disease had been unsuccessful in the region. Problematic carcass disposal due to soaring incineration costs and free access of dogs to infected carrion are dominant factors, fueling endemicity among other. As sole obligate scavenger, griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) are uniquely specialized to eliminate carcasses swiftly and efficiently, saving on unnecessary environmental and economic costs for carrion disposal. However, following drastic population declines across Europe, griffon vultures practically went extinct in Italy. A conservation expansion program in Sardinia successfully reinforced the last remaining Italian vulture population by mitigating the main threats to its survival; food shortage. Through the establishment of supplementary feeding stations, permanent supply of livestock cadavers was provided. In this research, the management and conservation implications on the controlled disposal of carcass disposal through vulture feeding stations on the control of CE in Sardinia were assessed. During the course of the project, vultures scavenged a total of 81,361 kg of biomass, saving €90,041 in incineration costs and € 1,054 in CO2 emission. Through extrapolation of these results, a total of 5,304 kg of suspected CE infected sheep carcasses (65.3%) was calculated to have been disposed by griffons, considerably reducing the CE risk and burden in Sardinia. A quantification of the amount of biomass that could be eliminated by griffon in a succeeding conservation project was also made. These calculations implied that 162,722 kg of biomass, including 10,608 kg of infected biomass from sheep, would be consumed over a period of 5 years, further lowering the CE burden in Sardinia. Our results, driven under one health approach, emphasize the crucial and direct role of griffons in breaking the lifecycle of CE as well as their indirect role in rendering multiple ecosystem and economic services through the elimination of carcasses. Please view a video Abstract here: https://youtu.be/Tm820nPq5KE.
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Garau, Chiara, Giulia Desogus, and Mauro Coni. "Fostering and Planning a Smart Governance Strategy for Evaluating the Urban Polarities of the Sardinian Island (Italy)." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (September 11, 2019): 4962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11184962.

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The interrelations between cities, inland areas, connecting road networks, urban, and political polarities have evolved, thereby determining economic, social, and place-based impacts. Thus, via a case study of Sardinia island (Italy), this study analyses regional transport data to evaluate the interrelations and mobility issues between the main cities and the settlement geographies of internal areas with a predominantly agricultural vocation. First, it frames the problems (common to the islands) theoretically and focuses on how the internal areas (considered marginal for a long time) have considerable material and immaterial resources to be valorised. Second, the study evaluates the internal relationship networks that characterise the island territory through the cluster and principal components analysis using origin–destination data to represent vocations and population needs. A smart governance strategy is proposed for Sardinia through an assessment of the functionality of urban settlements and interconnections between the hinterlands (the small and the main cities of the case study), following the smart region paradigm. The study underlines the importance of the interconnection between urban geographical areas. Thus, given an analytical-numerical approach, the originality of this research is highlighted in how it is possible to extract social vocations of the territory, which is generally not easily quantifiable.
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SALARIS, LUISA. "DIFFERENTIAL MORTALITY IN A LONG-LIVING COMMUNITY IN SARDINIA (ITALY): A COHORT ANALYSIS." Journal of Biosocial Science 47, no. 4 (June 9, 2014): 521–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932014000224.

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SummaryThe majority of studies on longevity in Sardinia point to an exceptional level of longevity, particularly for males, in this region of Italy. This study used individual data, considering selected groups of individuals such as centenarians, or focusing on cohorts of newborns in a large time period, that have previously been treated as a single group. An analysis on decennial birth cohorts from 1872 to 1911 in a selected village located in the Blue Zone area of longevity in Sardinia was used to gain insight into sex differentials in mortality in this area of high longevity and to separate differences between cohorts' experiences, considering the possible role of significant events in determining differential mortality among them. The results show that there is not a secular trend in survival in the birth cohorts under study, but rather that several points of mortality convergence and crossover occur, which make the estimates derived from conventional sensitivity tests of survival curves unreliable. Differences among birth cohorts' experiences are more marked among the male population and at early adult ages. External events are shown to play a relevant role in mortality variations, despite not having an impact on the ageing process. The results highlight that, although there are not statistically significant differences between the two sexes, the male population is exposed to a higher risk of death and proves to be more vulnerable to external changes. This suggests that extreme contextual conditions, both favourable and unfavourable, may significantly affect the mortality trajectories of a population.
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Dettori, Marco, Lucia Altea, Donatella Fracasso, Federica Trogu, Antonio Azara, Andrea Piana, Antonella Arghittu, Laura Saderi, Giovanni Sotgiu, and Paolo Castiglia. "Housing Demand in Urban Areas and Sanitary Requirements of Dwellings in Italy." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2020 (February 27, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7642658.

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The phenomenon of urbanisation is becoming increasingly prevalent on a global level, and the health issues regarding the urban environment are of primary importance in public health. Accordingly, the present manuscript describes an analysis of the housing conditions of Italian urban areas, referring to the city of Sassari (Sardinia), Italy, focused on the dwelling structural and sanitary conditions issued by the Italian regulations. Data relating to the housing conditions of the population were acquired by the Local Hygiene and Public Health Service (SISP), in a period between 2012 and 2016. Qualitative variables were summarised with absolute and relative (percentages) frequencies, whereas quantitative variables with means and standard deviations depending on their parametric distribution. Statistical comparisons for qualitative and quantitative variables were performed with the χ2 test or Student’s t-test, respectively. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Finally, the dwellings and the collected variables were georeferenced on a city map. During the 2012–2016 observation period, 363 certification requests were received from 193 (53.2%) foreign-born citizens and 170 (46.8%) Italians at the SISP offices. The main reasons relate to the request for a residency permit (46.6%) and to obtain a subsidy from the local government (32.8%). Overall, 15.4% of dwellings were found to be improper, while 35.3% and 22.0% were found to be unhygienic and uninhabitable, respectively. The foreigners’ homes were found to be suitable in 82.7% of cases; the housing of Italian citizens, on the contrary, was found to be suitable in 28% of the observations. The present study offers a cross section of the housing conditions of Italian urban areas, referring to the city of Sassari. To the authors’ best knowledge, this observation is the first one carried out in Sardinia and one of the first observations in Italy. It has emerged that “hygienically unsuitable” homes are those that, in most cases, are located in the city centre. Moreover, the Italian population is hit by a significant housing problem, due to overcrowding, uninhabitability, and unhygienic conditions. Overall, our findings suggest that it is necessary to develop a multidisciplinary approach to guarantee public health, with safe dwellings homes and the surrounding urban context alongside the development of social relations. Nevertheless, there is still little evidence available today on the population housing conditions, especially regarding the private indoor environment, and further research is needed to bridge this knowledge gap.
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Moliner, Cristina, Elisabetta Arato, and Filippo Marchelli. "Current Status of Energy Production from Solid Biomass in Southern Italy." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 30, 2021): 2576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092576.

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This work analyses and discusses data on thermochemical plants in Southern Italy that are fed with solid biomass. The analysis takes into account the biomass availability and potential together with the cost-benefit analysis using technology development and economic indicators (LCOE). A total of 63,762 units have been categorised according to the employed technology and produced energy: power plants for electricity production or cogeneration plants for combined heat and electricity production (53 plants) and thermal units for heat production (63,709 units). The eight regions of the area have noteworthy differences. In terms of electricity generated from solid biomass Calabria is by far the largest producer, followed by Apulia. Sicily, Sardinia and Molise provide lower amounts while Abruzzo, Basilicata and Campania generate almost negligible amounts. Regarding thermal production, Campania and Calabria are the largest producers, but Basilicata, Molise and Abruzzo generate the highest amount per capita. The area is far from fully exploiting its biomass potential, and there are also no district heating grids. Bioenergy can be remarkably competitive, provided that capital costs are relatively low and low-cost biomass is available, as it is the case of Italy. New applications and markets for sub-products (i.e., char, ash) would help in lowering the still not competitive economic indicators (LCOE).
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Poglayen, Giovanni, Antonio Varcasia, Anna Paola Pipia, Claudia Tamponi, Maria Parigi, Barbara Marchesi, Benedetto Morandi, Vannes Benfenati, and Antonio Scala. "Retrospective study on Cystic Echinococcosis in cattle of Italy." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 11, no. 09 (September 30, 2017): 719–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.9433.

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Introduction: Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most widespread zoonosis of veterinary and medical importance still constituting a sanitary, economic and socio-cultural problem in Italy. Methodology: The aim of this study was to update epidemiological data on cattle CE in Italy. Data on CE positivity of 5,336 cattle were acquired from abattoir registers between January 2009 and July 2010. Morphobiological characterization of hydatids was performed by direct examination of liver and lungs of 1,664 animals butchered in the same slaughterhouses in 2010. Strain typing of parasites was carried out through the amplification and sequencing of nd1 and cox1 mitochondrial genes. Results: Overall CE prevalence was of 8.1% (430/5,336). Parasitological examination of hydatids showed an overall prevalence of 8.6% with a fertility rate of 0.7% (12/1,664). Regarding localization, hydatids were found in 8% of the livers and in 7.6% of the lungs, respectively. Among positive animals, higher prevalence was observed in the liver (93%) compared to lungs (88.1%) (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The economic loss due to organs condemnation related to CE in cattle amounted to almost € 24,000 per year in the examined abattoir during 2010. Sequence analysis showed the presence of G1 (sheep strain) or Echinococcus granulosus sensu strictu in all examined samples. The G1 confirmed, once more, its possible development into several intermediate hosts such as cattle, especially in areas like southern Italy and Sardinia where the lifecycle of the parasite is still to date carried on by sheep and dogs.
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Sulis, A. "Minor Structures for the Improvement of Wave Disturbance in a Small Harbor." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (October 15, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9247407.

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A very important aspect in the planning, design, and maintenance of a harbor is to determine the response of the harbor basin to incident waves. The Saras harbor in South Sardinia (Italy) has been experiencing significant wave disturbance that affects the safety of mooring and operational activities. In the framework of a large research, this paper summarises a comprehensive description of new energy absorbing structures that can be seen as an efficient alternative to more traditional structures when limited by economic or technical constraints. Specifically, the paper presents the results of a graphical preliminary approach and a numerical modelling that solves the enhanced Boussinesq equations in two horizontal dimensions.
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Mientjes, Antoon C. "Modern pastoral landscapes on the island of Sardinia (Italy). Recent pastoral practices in local versus macro-economic and macro-political contexts." Archaeological Dialogues 10, no. 2 (July 1, 2004): 161–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203804001230.

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Archaeological interest in pastoralism – i.e. the predominant reliance on herded animals such as sheep and cattle for the production of food and other items for domestic consumption and (market) exchange – is gradually growing in the Mediterranean region and elsewhere. Ethno-archaeological studies in particular have paid attention to recent historical and contemporary pastoral economies as a consequence of the difficulties in recognizing pastoral material culture in the archaeological evidence. This paper will present an ethno-archaeological case study of recent pastoral economies in a mountain region in Sardinia (Italy), which have been investigated from a landscape perspective. I argue that the archaeologically visible features of pastoral and rural landscapes generally should be considered the outcome of both spatially and temporally diverse rural practices on the local level and their interaction with wider economic and political structures.
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34

Pitzalis, E., P. Fulignati, M. Lezzerini, R. Cioni, L. Pinarelli, M. Tamponi, and A. Gioncada. "Origin of volcanic-hosted Mn-oxide mineralization from San Pietro Island (SW Sardinia, Italy): An integrated geochemical, mineralogical and isotopic study." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 204 (September 2019): 206–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2019.05.010.

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Castorina, Francesca, Umberto Masi, and Ilaria Gorello. "Rare earth element and Sr-Nd isotopic evidence for the origin of fluorite from the Silius vein deposit (southeastern Sardinia, Italy)." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 215 (August 2020): 106535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2020.106535.

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36

Mangani, Andrea. "Tax evasion in the media: a comparison of Southern vs Central and Northern Italy." Journal of Financial Crime 26, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-12-2017-0124.

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Purpose The representation of economic and financial crimes in the mass media can have a significant impact on readers’ and citizens’ perceptions of illegality and on a firm’s propensity to invest in different areas of the country in question. This paper aims to study the possible geographical media bias regarding tax evasion in Italy. Design/methodology/approach The empirical analysis considers 618 articles on tax evasion published between 2012 and 2016 in two top Italian newspapers, La Repubblica (based in Rome) and Il Corriere della Sera (based in Milan). Findings Excluding Insular Italy (Sicily and Sardinia), the articles on tax evasion in Southern Italy are systematically shorter. A further analysis shows that La Repubblica is largely responsible for this bias. This result holds after controlling for other events (bank robberies) and for the identity of journalists. Originality/value Previous studies considered the possible media bias regarding particularly dramatic criminal events, for example, terrorism acts or murders. This paper considers a less dramatic though more pervasive crime. In addition, an assessment of media attitude towards tax evasion is more complex, because the news reports both the crime and the successful actions that combat it.
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Bragato, P. L. "Past Economic Conditions Affect the Reconstruction of the Seismic History of Italy." Seismological Research Letters 89, no. 6 (October 3, 2018): 2404–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220180129.

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38

Pulina, Manuela, and Valentina Santoni. "A two-stage DEA approach to analyse the efficiency of the hospitality sector." Tourism Economics 24, no. 3 (March 7, 2018): 352–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816618758733.

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This article explores the performance of the hospitality sector in Sardinia (Italy) using empirical data collected from company balance sheets (from 2004 to 2013). A standard data envelopment analysis (DEA) is run using sales revenue as an output and the monetary value of all tangible and intangible assets as well as labour costs as inputs. Following the Simar–Wilson approach, a post-DEA is also carried out to investigate the factors that influence hotels’ economic efficiency. The empirical results show that business default and the cost of money negatively influence hotels’ performance and that firms located in highly specialized areas with a strong seasonality are relatively inefficient. Furthermore, the short-run debt index and the long-term debt index positively impact efficiency.
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Leone, Federica, and Corrado Zoppi. "Local Development and Protection of Nature in Coastal Zones: A Planning Study for the Sulcis Area (Sardinia, Italy)." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (September 18, 2019): 5095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11185095.

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In 2008, the Council of the European Union adopted the “Protocol on Integrated Coastal Zone Management” (ICZM Protocol), then ratified by Decision No. 2010/631/EU. The ICZM Protocol defines integrated coastal zone management as a dynamic and flexible process that accounts for the relations between coastal ecosystems and landscape as well as the activities and the uses that characterize coastal areas. Integrated management of coastal zones is still a critical process in terms of translating theory into practice. In this theoretical framework, strategic environmental assessment (SEA) helps to improve decision-making processes related to coastal spatial planning by integrating development goals and sustainability criteria. This study proposes a methodological approach concerning ICZM-based decision-making processes at the local level. The methodology is implemented in relation to three case studies concerning three towns located in southwest Sardinia. The results show a general consistency between the analyzed plans in terms of objectives and themes. Three specific issues are particularly relevant in terms of integration of economic and social objectives and sustainability goals, that is, relations between beach services and coastal ecosystems, protection of coastal ecosystems, and accessibility to the coastal zones.
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40

Paletto, Alessandro, Isabella De Meo, and Fabrizio Ferretti. "The influence of common property rights on forest management policy: a case study in Sardinia region, Italy." Forestry Studies 56, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10132-012-0002-8.

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Abstract The property rights and the type of ownership (private owners, public domain and commons) are two fundamental concepts in relationship to the local development and to the social and environmental sustainability. Common forests were established in Europe since the Middle Ages, but over the centuries the importance of commons changed in parallel with economic and social changes. In recent decades, the scientific debate focused on the forest management efficiency and sustainability of this type of ownership in comparison to the public and private property. In Italy common forests have a long tradition with substantial differences in the result of historical evolution in various regions. In Sardinia region the private forests are 377.297 ha, the public forests are 201.324 ha, while around 120.000 ha are commons. The respect of the common rights changed in the different historical periods. Today, the common lands are managed directly by municipalities or indirectly through third parties, in both cases the involvement of members of community is very low. The main objective of the paper is to analyse forest management differences in public institutions with and without common property rights. To achieve the objective of the research the forest management preferences of community members and managers were evaluated and compared. The analysis was realized through the use of the principal-agent model and it has been tested in a case study in Sardinia region (Arci-Grighine district). The analysis of the results showed that the categories of actors considered (members of community, municipalities and managers) have a marked productive profile, but municipalities manage forests perceiving a moderate multifunctionality. Moreover, the representatives of the municipalities pay more attention to the interests of the collectivity in comparison to the external managers. They also attribute high importance to environmental and social forest functions.
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Nuvolari, Alessandro, and Michelangelo Vasta. "Patenting the Risorgimento: Economic Integration and the Formation of the Italian Patent System (1855–1872)." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 60, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 93–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2019-0005.

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Abstract In 1864, the patent law of the Kingdom of Sardinia was extended to the newly created Kingdom of Italy. In this paper, on the basis of a new dataset containing all Italian patents granted over the period 1855-1872, we examine the formative years of this crucial institutional change. Firstly, we map the characteristics of the inventors before and after the 1864 reform. In particular, we look at their nationality and geographical distribution within the country, the technological fields in which they were active, the intensity of use of the system (sporadic versus “systematic” patentees), and their investments in patent protection (measured in terms of the fees they were paying). We find that the reform of the patent system prompted a reconfiguration of the geographical structure of Italian inventive activity, producing an increasing participation of the inventors of the other pre-unitary states, and, at the same time, becoming more attractive for inventors on a large international scale. This can be interpreted as a sign of an effective integration policy, at least in this specific domain of government activity.
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Kalina, Marc. "TREATING THE SYMPTOM: A MARXIST REFLECTION ON ‘ZERO WASTE’ AND SARDINIA 2019." Volume 09 - March 2020, no. 9 (March 5, 2020): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2020.13918.

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Written as a reflection on Sardinia 2019, the purpose of this letter is to draw attention to a perceived failure within waste management studies to adequately engage with the socio-economic and socio-political conditions that drive the prodution of waste. By way of a solution, it proposes a return to Marxist dialectics and modes of anlaysis in order to reframe contemporary debates on waste management practices to include more critical discussion and engagement with the root causes of waste, specifically capitalist production and class- addressing the illness rather than merely treating the symptoms.
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Cocco, Chiara, and Aleida Bertran. "Rethinking Religious Festivals in the Era of Digital Ethnography." Social Analysis 65, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/sa.2020.650107.

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The Festival of Sant’Efisio has been carried out for centuries in Sardinia, Italy, to honor a vow made to the Saint after a plague in the seventeenth century. As a result of the global health crisis in 2020, the Festival was performed mainly through social media. Studying this event under such conditions accentuated the inherent complexity of interpreting ethnographic data from religious festivals, in which the body, emotions, and participation play a fundamental role. Emphasizing the hybridity of online and offline worlds, we reflect on how fieldwork has been transformed by COVID-19 through a reflexive account of the methodological challenges of online festival ethnography.
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Cocco, Chiara, and Aleida Bertran. "Rethinking Religious Festivals in the Era of Digital Ethnography." Social Analysis 65, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/sa.2021.650107.

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Abstract The Festival of Sant'Efisio has been carried out for centuries in Sardinia, Italy, to honor a vow made to the Saint after a plague in the seventeenth century. As a result of the global health crisis in 2020, the Festival was performed mainly through social media. Studying this event under such conditions accentuated the inherent complexity of interpreting ethnographic data from religious festivals, in which the body, emotions, and participation play a fundamental role. Emphasizing the hybridity of online and offline worlds, we reflect on how fieldwork has been transformed by COVID-19 through a reflexive account of the methodological challenges of online festival ethnography.
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45

Brown, Judith C. "Prosperity or Hard Times in Renaissance Italy?" Renaissance Quarterly 42, no. 4 (1989): 761–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2862281.

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Thirty-five years ago Robert Lopez, by his own description, “narrowly escaped lynching” at the hands of non-economic historians for proposing that economic depression was a fundamental cause of the cultural outpouring of the Renaissance (Lopez, 1953). Several years later, Lopez took heart that, despite “their occasional retard,” cultural historians were coming round to his view (Lopez and Miskimin, 408-09). Today, the situation is nearly reversed. A growing number of economic historians no longer subscribe to the depression thesis while most non-economic historians do. I will not speculate about whose “retardation” is to blame, but would like to take stock of some issues raised by the depression debate—a debate that transcends economic issues and raises important questions about definitions, periodization, and the cultural implications of economic conditions.
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46

Deiana, Giovanna, Antonio Azara, Marco Dettori, Fiorenzo Delogu, Gavino Vargiu, Isabella Gessa, Filippo Stroscio, Marcello Tidore, Giorgio Steri, and Paolo Castiglia. "Deaths in SARS-Cov-2 Positive Patients in Italy: The Influence of Underlying Health Conditions on Lethality." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (June 21, 2020): 4450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124450.

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This study aims to underline the clinical characteristics of patients who died after testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection in one region of Italian and to evaluate the influence of underlying health conditions on the fatal outcome. A matched case-control study was designed by analyzing the data regarding positive subjects observed up to April 21, 2020. The case fatality rate was 7.9%, with a higher proportion of deaths in men than women. The specific standardized mortality ratio was 0.15—0.13 for males and 0.2 for females, showing that mortality is much lower than expected. Cardiovascular diseases, chronic lung diseases and diabetes mellitus showed a significant association with the outcome. Although the case fatality rate in Sardinia in regard to age and gender patterns seems to be similar to that for Italy as a whole, its quantitative value was far lower than the national one and possible explanations might include the genetic characteristics of the Sardinian population or the immediate closure of its borders as soon as the epidemic started. Our results highlighted that lethality is strongly dependent on the presence of multiple concomitant serious diseases. It is important to have epidemiological strategies for effective guidance on public health actions in order to improve chances of survival.
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Mormone, Angela, and Monica Piochi. "Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Genesis of Zeolites in Cenozoic Pyroclastic Flows from the Asuni Area (Central Sardinia, Italy)." Minerals 10, no. 3 (March 16, 2020): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10030268.

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Natural zeolite occurrences have been recognized in several Cenozoic pyroclastic deposits in central Sardinia. This study concerns the mineralogical and geochemical characterization of the zeolitized tuffites in the Asuni area (Oristano province) and aims to complement information regarding the zeolitization processes developed in the nearby Allai deposits. Optical and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, qualitative vs. quantitative microanalyses and bulk-rock geochemistry were performed. Analytical results allow defining the mineral distribution, textural relationships and geochemical features of the zeolite-bearing rocks. The most abundant secondary minerals are Ca-Na mordenites. Contrarily to the most common worldwide clinoptilolite + mordenite paragenesis, mordenite is dominant and occurs in different morphologies, rarely coexisting with clinoptilolite in the studied volcanic tuffites. Glauconite and dioctahedral smectite complete the authigenic assemblages. The primary volcanic components mostly include plagioclase, quartz and glass shards, roughly retaining their original appearance. The tuffites range in composition from dacite to rhyolite. The collected dataset shows that zeolitization is most abundant in coarser-grained deposits and points to a genetic process that mainly involves an open hydrothermal environment governed by aqueous fluids with significant marine component, in post eruption conditions.
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Loi, A., C. Porqueddu, F. Veronesi, and P. S. Cocks. "Distribution, diversity and potential agronomic value of Medicago polymorpha in Sardinia." Journal of Agricultural Science 124, no. 3 (June 1995): 419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600073378.

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SUMMARYThirty-five populations of Medicago polymorpha were collected from throughout Sardinia (Italy) in 1989 with a view to developing pasture species suitable for improving degraded grasslands in the northern Mediterranean basin. Herbage and seed production were compared with the Australian cultivar, Circle Valley, over 2 years at Bonassai, north Sardinia. Regeneration in the 2 years after sowing and seed size were also estimated. All variables were related to collection site parameters using multivariate analysis.Herbage production varied between 2 and 8 t dry matter/ha, and up to 1·5 t/ha of seed was produced. K-means clustering of agronomic and morphological variables indicated that there were two groups present; one similar to variety polymorpha and one to variety vulgaris. There were two other single entry clusters, one of which contained cv. Circle Valley. Principal component analysis of the environmental variables indicated that cluster 1 (vulgaris) was more likely to come from mountainous areas where winter temperatures are low, and cluster 2 (polymorpha) from coastal areas where temperatures are mild. Regeneration of cluster 1 was better than that of cluster 2, which in turn was better than Circle Valley, indicating that populations in cluster 1 are better adapted to the management system imposed at Bonassai.The results indicate that M. polymorpha has considerable potential to improve the grasslands of Sardinia. However, it is unlikely that imported cultivars will be successful, and it seems important that the selection of local populations should continue. Commercial seed production in Sardinia is likely to be a problem, and grazing management under the conditions of communal ownership may have to be reviewed. It is important that future research and development involves farmers and other industry groups.
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Loveless, Matthew, and Chiara Binelli. "Economic Expectations and Satisfaction with Democracy: Evidence from Italy." Government and Opposition 55, no. 3 (October 22, 2018): 413–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2018.31.

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AbstractIn this article, we argue that individuals’ expectations about their future economic prospects are a crucial missing determinant of their degree of satisfaction with democracy. To investigate this link, we collected an original, nationally representative data set on young skilled unemployed Italians using the innovative quantitative expectations data methodology (Manski 2004). Controlling for current local labour market conditions with administrative province-level data and for a rich array of individual-level determinants, we show that those expecting greater job insecurity and instability have lower current satisfaction levels with democracy. By better conceptualizing and operationalizing individuals’ expectations, we advance the theoretical framework on satisfaction with democracy and show that expectations are an important and often overlooked determinant of the current level of satisfaction with democratic institutions.
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50

Branca, Giampiero, Irene Piredda, Roberto Scotti, Laura Chessa, Ilenia Murgia, Antonio Ganga, Sergio Francesco Campus, et al. "Forest Protection Unifies, Silviculture Divides: A Sociological Analysis of Local Stakeholders’ Voices after Coppicing in the Marganai Forest (Sardinia, Italy)." Forests 11, no. 6 (June 25, 2020): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11060708.

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Today, a forest is also understood as a real social actor with multiple-scale influences, capable of significantly conditioning the social, economic, and cultural system of a whole territory. The aim of this paper is to reconstruct and interpret the population’s perception of the silvicultural activities related to traditional use of forest resources of the southwestern Sardinian Marganai State Forest. The “Marganai case” has brought to the attention of the mass media the role of this forest and its silviculture. The research was carried out via semi-structured interviews with the main stakeholders in the area. The qualitative approach in the collection and analysis of the information gathered has allowed us to reconstruct the historical-cultural and social cohesion function that the forest plays in rural communities. The results highlight that the main risks concern the erosion of the cultural forest heritage due to the abandonment of the rural dimension (mainly by the new generations, but not only), with the consequent spread of deep distortions in the perception, interpretation, and necessity of forestry activities and policy.
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