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Journal articles on the topic 'Sarl'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 April 2022

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1

Volkmann, Christian. "Trademark Use and Liability of Referencing Service In Keyword Advertising – Google AdWords and Trademark Law." European Journal of Risk Regulation 2, no. 3 (September 2011): 450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00006887.

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Cases C-236/08 to C-238/08 Google France SARL, Google Inc. v. Louis Vuitton Malletier SA (C.236/08) and Google France SARL v. Viaticum, Luteciel SARL (C-237/08) and Google France SARL v. Centre national de recherche en relations humaines (CNRRH) SARL, Pierre-Alexis Thonet, Bruno Raboin, Tiger SARL (C-238/08)1. The proprietor of a trade mark is entitled to prohibit an advertiser from advertising, on the basis of a keyword identical with that trade mark which that advertiser has, without the consent of the proprietor, selected in connection with an internet referencing service, goods or services identical with those for which that mark is registered, in the case where that advertisement does not enable an average internet user, or enables that user only with difficulty, to ascertain whether the goods or services referred to therein originate from the proprietor of the trade mark or an undertaking economically connected to it or, on the contrary, originate from a third party.

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2

M, J. M. "Convocation aux assemblées de SARL." Revue Francophone des Laboratoires 2014, no. 458 (January 2014): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1773-035x(14)72320-2.

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3

Zhou, Xiaoli, Hongqiang Wang, Yongqiang Cheng, Yuliang Qin, and Haowen Chen. "Statistical Angular Resolution Limit for Ultrawideband MIMO Noise Radar." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/906313.

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The two-dimensional angular resolution limit (ARL) of elevation and azimuth for MIMO radar with ultrawideband (UWB) noise waveforms is investigated using statistical resolution theory. First, the signal model of monostatic UWB MIMO noise radar is established in a 3D reference frame. Then, the statistical angular resolution limits (SARLs) of two closely spaced targets are derived using the detection-theoretic and estimation-theoretic approaches, respectively. The detection-theoretic approach is based on the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) with given probabilities of false alarm and detection, while the estimation-theoretic approach is based on Smith’s criterion which involves the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB). Furthermore, the relationship between the two approaches is presented, and the factors affecting the SARL, that is, detection parameters, transmit waveforms, array geometry, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and parameters of target (i.e., radar cross section (RCS) and direction), are analyzed. Compared with the conventional radar resolution theory defined by the ambiguity function, the SARL reflects the practical resolution ability of radar and can provide an optimization criterion for radar system design.

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Mouafki, Α. Μ., F. Bouaïcha, A. Hedibi, and A. Gueddim. "Porous Silicon Antireflective Coatings for Silicon Solar Cells." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 12, no. 2 (April 9, 2022): 8354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4803.

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This study presents a numerical investigation of the reflectivity of a Single Anti-Reflective Layer (SARL) and a stack of antireflective layers made of porous silicon. The stack consists of a certain number of periods, and each period contains two layers with different porosity. The simulations were conducted using the well-known Stratified Medium Theory (SMT) framework and the effect of porosity was studied. The optimal value was determined at 60% for the SARL and 65/55% for the stack of 12 periods and 6 layers. The angle of incidence was found to have more influence on the stack reflection than on the SARL reflection. The results of this investigation show that porous silicon can be used as an effective anti-reflective coating for silicon solar cells.

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5

Richard, Jérôme, Pierre Le Grand, and Sophie Dzhygir. "Itinéraire de deux traducteurs en SARL." Traduire, no. 233 (December 15, 2015): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/traduire.745.

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6

Guez, Gérard. "SARL - Gérant majoritaire - Décision fixant sa rémunération." Option/Bio 24, no. 493 (June 2013): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0992-5945(13)71332-1.

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7

Kosunalp, Selahattin, and Kubilay Demir. "SARL: A reinforcement learning based QoS-aware IoT service discovery model." Journal of Electrical Engineering 71, no. 6 (December 1, 2020): 368–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2020-0051.

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Abstract The IoT environment includes the enormous amount of atomic services with dynamic QoS compared with traditional web services. In such an environment, in the service composition process, discovering a requested service meeting the required QoS is a di cult task. In this work, to address this issue, we propose a peer-to-peer-based service discovery model, which looks for the information about services meeting the requested QoS and functionality on an overlay constructed with users of services versus service nodes, with probably constrained resources. However, employing a plain discovery algorithm on the overlay network such as flooding, or k-random walk could cause high message overhead or delay. This necessitates an intelligent and adaptive discovery algorithm, which adapts itself based on users’ previous queries and the results. To fill this gap, the proposed service discovery approach is equipped with a reinforcement learning-based algorithm, named SARL. The reinforcement learning-based algorithm enables SARL to significantly reduce delay and message overhead in the service discovery process by ranking neighboring nodes based on users’ service request preferences and the service query results. The proposed model is implemented on the OMNet simulation platform. The simulation results demonstrate that SARL remarkably outperforms the existing approaches in terms of message overhead, reliability, timeliness, and energy usage efficiency.

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8

Cich, Glenn, Luk Knapen, Michał Maciejewski, Ansar-Ul-Haque Yasar, Tom Bellemans, and Davy Janssens. "Modeling Demand Responsive Transport using SARL and MATSim." Procedia Computer Science 109 (2017): 1074–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.05.387.

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9

Khazzam, Michael, Martin I. Jordanov, Charles L. Cox, Warren R. Dunn, and John E. Kuhn. "SARL: Shoulder Acronyms. A Review of the Literature." Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 27, no. 4 (April 2011): 542–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2010.09.006.

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10

Ye, Yunan, Hengzhi Pei, Boxin Wang, Pin-Yu Chen, Yada Zhu, Ju Xiao, and Bo Li. "Reinforcement-Learning Based Portfolio Management with Augmented Asset Movement Prediction States." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 01 (April 3, 2020): 1112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i01.5462.

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Portfolio management (PM) is a fundamental financial planning task that aims to achieve investment goals such as maximal profits or minimal risks. Its decision process involves continuous derivation of valuable information from various data sources and sequential decision optimization, which is a prospective research direction for reinforcement learning (RL). In this paper, we propose SARL, a novel State-Augmented RL framework for PM. Our framework aims to address two unique challenges in financial PM: (1) data heterogeneity – the collected information for each asset is usually diverse, noisy and imbalanced (e.g., news articles); and (2) environment uncertainty – the financial market is versatile and non-stationary. To incorporate heterogeneous data and enhance robustness against environment uncertainty, our SARL augments the asset information with their price movement prediction as additional states, where the prediction can be solely based on financial data (e.g., asset prices) or derived from alternative sources such as news. Experiments on two real-world datasets, (i) Bitcoin market and (ii) HighTech stock market with 7-year Reuters news articles, validate the effectiveness of SARL over existing PM approaches, both in terms of accumulated profits and risk-adjusted profits. Moreover, extensive simulations are conducted to demonstrate the importance of our proposed state augmentation, providing new insights and boosting performance significantly over standard RL-based PM method and other baselines.

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11

Rodriguez, Sebastian, Stéphane Galland, and Nicolas Gaud. "A New Perspective on Multi-Agent Environment with SARL." Procedia Computer Science 56 (2015): 526–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.07.246.

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12

Guez, Gérard. "Forte hausse de la rémunération des gérants de SARL." Revue Francophone des Laboratoires 2020, no. 522 (May 2020): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1773-035x(20)30155-6.

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13

Remien, Oliver. "Astreinte, dwangsom und Zwangsgeld im Binnenmarkt." European Review of Private Law 2, Issue 3/4 (December 1, 1994): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl1994043.

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Abstract. Cour d’appel de Paris, Ire chambre C, 7.7.1992 (SARL Hugo Boss .I. Société BVBA Boss Invest) , D. 1992.I.R.226, sowie Arrondissementsrechtbank Haarlem 26.3.1991 und Gerechtshof Amsterdam 27.2.1992 (La Medicale Equipex S.A. .I. Farrnitalia u.a.), Ned.Jur. 1993 Nr. 452 S. 1596

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14

Grosclaude, Laurent. "The French «Société Par Actions Simplifiée - SAS», All Purpose Vehicle!" Central European Journal of Comparative Law 1, no. 2 (December 9, 2020): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47078/2020.2.49-57.

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The Société à Responsabilité Limitée or the limited liability company (SARL) and the Société Anonyme or the public limited company (SA) were perceived as relatively rigid or inadequate company types. Besides the reform of these traditional types of company forms, in 1994, a new company type was created as a flexible vehicle for businesses: the Société par Actions Simplifiée – the SAS (simplified joint stock company). Further changes in 1999 and 2008 made businesses even more adaptable. In 2019, more than 65% of newly created legal entities were established as a SAS; SARL around 30%, and SA less than 2%. SAS has a single member variant, the SASU (U for unipersonnel – one person). The French experience showed that the simplified joint stock company responded to a real economic and organisational need. The new company form based on limited liability has become widely accepted and useful. The simplified joint stock company was introduced by Poland as a new company form in 2019. Other states may also consider the French experience based on the comparative advantages of this peculiar business organisation.

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15

Guinnane, Timothy W., Ron Harris, Naomi R. Lamoreaux, and Jean-Laurent Rosenthal. "Pouvoir et propriété dans l’entreprise. Pour une histoire internationale des sociétés à responsabilité limitée." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 63, no. 1 (February 2008): 73–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s039526490002388x.

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RésuméUne longue tradition admet la supériorité de la société anonyme comme forme d’organisation. Une autre, plus récente, estime que les systèmes juridiques anglo-américains donnent aux investisseurs une meilleure protection que les systèmes de droit civil. Cet article remet en cause ces deux idées. Il s’intéresse à l’introduction des sociétés à responsabilité limitée en France, en Allemagne, au Royaume-Uni et aux États-Unis à la fin du XIXe siècle et au XXe siècle. Ces sociétés combinent les avantages de la personnalité juridique et de la société par actions avec des règles de gouvernance interne flexibles. Sont ainsi évités la menace de dissolution inhérente aux sociétés en partenariat et le danger propre aux sociétés anonymes d’une oppression des minoritaires. La SARL fut introduite avec succès d’abord en Allemagne, régie par un code juridique, et en dernier lieu seulement aux États-Unis, pays où domine la common law. La SARL fut partout privilégiée par les sociétés petites et moyennes, même dans les pays où les sociétés anonymes étaient faciles et peu coûteuses à créer et où les règles juridiques les régissant étaient assez légères.

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16

Guez, Gérard. "Transformation de SARL - rapport sur la situation de la société." Option/Bio 25, no. 518 (December 2014): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0992-5945(14)72024-0.

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17

Kim, Joohyun, Dongkwan Ryu, Juyeon Kim, and Jae-Hoon Kim. "Two-Stage Hybrid Network Clustering Using Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning." Electronics 10, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10030232.

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In the Internet-of-Things (IoT) environments, the publish (pub)/subscribe (sub)-operated communication is widely employed. The use of pub/sub operation as a lightweight communication protocol facilitates communication among IoTs. The protocol consists of network nodes functioning as publishers, subscribers, and brokers, wherein brokers transfer messages from publishers to subscribers. Thus, the communication capability of the broker is a critical factor in the overall communication performance. In this study, multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is applied to find the best combination of broker nodes. MARL goes through various combinations of broker nodes to find the best combination. However, MARL is inefficient to perform with an excessive number of broker nodes. Delaunay triangulation selects candidate broker nodes among the pool of broker nodes. The selection process operates as a preprocessing of the MARL. The suggested Delaunay triangulation is improved by the custom deletion method. Consequently, the two-stage hybrid approach outperforms any methods employing single-agent reinforcement learning (SARL). The MARL eliminates the performance fluctuation of the SARL caused by the iterative selection of broker nodes. Furthermore, the proposed approach requires a fewer number of candidate broker nodes and converges faster.

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18

Feraud, Maxime, and Stéphane Galland. "First Comparison of SARL to Other Agent-Programming Languages and Frameworks." Procedia Computer Science 109 (2017): 1080–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.05.389.

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19

Guez, Gérard. "Participation d’un gérant de SARL à la décision fixant sa rémunération." Revue Francophone des Laboratoires 2010, no. 424 (July 2010): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1773-035x(10)70613-4.

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20

Chaingam, Tin, and Sahanon Tungbenchasirikul. "An Alternative Business Models for Suvarnabhumi Airport Rail Link (SARL) Project." Universal Journal of Management 4, no. 3 (March 2016): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/ujm.2016.040304.

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21

Fang, Xiaohan, Jinkuan Wang, Guanru Song, Yinghua Han, Qiang Zhao, and Zhiao Cao. "Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Approach for Residential Microgrid Energy Scheduling." Energies 13, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010123.

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Residential microgrid is widely considered as a new paradigm of the home energy management system. The complexity of Microgrid Energy Scheduling (MES) is increasing with the integration of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Renewable Generations (RGs). Moreover, it is challenging to determine optimal scheduling strategies to guarantee the efficiency of the microgrid market and to balance all market participants’ benefits. In this paper, a Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) approach for residential MES is proposed to promote the autonomy and fairness of microgrid market operation. First, a multi-agent based residential microgrid model including Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) and RGs is constructed and an auction-based microgrid market is built. Then, distinguish from Single-Agent Reinforcement Learning (SARL), MARL can achieve distributed autonomous learning for each agent and realize the equilibrium of all agents’ benefits, therefore, we formulate an equilibrium-based MARL framework according to each participant’ market orientation. Finally, to guarantee the fairness and privacy of the MARL process, we proposed an improved optimal Equilibrium Selection-MARL (ES-MARL) algorithm based on two mechanisms, private negotiation and maximum average reward. Simulation results demonstrate the overall performance and efficiency of proposed MARL are superior to that of SARL. Besides, it is verified that the improved ES-MARL can get higher average profit to balance all agents.

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22

Rodríguez Vázquez, María Ángeles. "Litispendencia y diligencias de prueba: algunas reflexiones sobre la sentencia del TJUE de 4 de mayo de 2017 = Lis pendens and measures of inquiry: some reflections on the ECJ judgment of 4 may 2017." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 10, no. 1 (March 8, 2018): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2018.4144.

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Resumen: En la Sentencia de 4 de mayo de 2017, asunto C-29/16, Hanse Yachts AG c. Port D’Hiver Yachting SARL, Société Maritime Côte D’Azur y Compagnie Generali IARD SA, el Tribunal de Justicia establece que un documento por el que se inicia un procedimiento de prueba no puede considerarse un “escrito de demanda o documento equivalente”, a efectos de apreciar una situación de litispendencia y determinar cuál es el órgano jurisdiccional que conoce del asunto en primer lugar, en el sentido de los artículos 27 y 30 del Reglamento (CE) nº 44/2001.Palabras clave: litispendencia, concepto de escrito de demanda o documento equivalente, demanda de peritaje judicial.Abstract: In its Judgment of 4 may 2017, in case C-29/16, Hanse Yachts AG c. Port D’Hiver Yachting SARL, Société Maritime Côte D’Azur y Compagnie Generali IARD SA, the ECJ establishes that a document instituting proceedings for the taking of evidence cannot be regarded, for the purposes of assessing a situation of lis pendens and of determining which court is the court first seised within the meaning of articles 27 and 30 of Regulation (EC) nº 44/2001, as also being the document instituting the substantive proceedings.Keywords: lis pendens, concept of document instituting the proceedings or equivalent document, proceedings for the taking of evidence.

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23

Newton, A. Z. "Versions of Ethics; Or, The SARL of Criticism: Sonority, Arrogation, Letting-Be." American Literary History 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): 603–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/13.3.603.

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24

Figuccio, Giovanna, and Mikael Maheust. "Abandon progressif des formes sociales de SA et SARL pour les LBM." Option/Bio 21, no. 444 (November 2010): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0992-5945(10)70580-8.

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25

Flynn, Michael J., Patrick van Berkel, Francesca Zammarchi, Jean-Noel Levy, Arnaud Tiberghien, Luke A. Masterson, François D'Hooge, et al. "Pre-Clinical Activity of Adct-301, a Novel Pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) Dimer-Containing Antibody Drug Conjugate (ADC) Targeting CD25-Expressing Hematological Malignancies." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 4491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.4491.4491.

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Abstract Interleukin-2 receptor-α (IL2R-α, CD25), one of a heterotrimer that makes up the IL2R, plays a key role in signal transduction pathways involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity and graft rejection (Burchill et al Immunol Lett 2007). In addition, the preponderance of CD25+ cells in hematological malignancies (Srivastava et al Leuk Lymphoma 1994) and the relationship between increased CD25 expression and poor prognosis (Yoshida et al PLoS One 2013) raise the possibility of using an anti-CD25 antibody to deliver a cytotoxin to these cells in patients. Clinical proof of concept for treatment of CD25-positive malignancies has previously been established using radio-immunoconjugates (Dancey et al Clin Cancer Res 2009) and immunotoxins (Kreitman et al J Clin Oncol 2000) utilising antibodies basiliximab and daclizumab. ADCT-301 is an ADC composed of a recombinant human IgG1, HuMax®-TAC against human CD25 attached to a PBD warhead. The drug-antibody ratio is 2.3 ± 0.3. ADCT-301 was potently cytotoxic against CD25-expressing anaplastic large cell lymphoma lines SUDHL1 (341,000 CD25 copies/cell, GI50 0.7 ng/ml) and Karpas 299 (112,000 copies/cell, GI50 3.9 ng/ml) and Hodgkin's lymphoma line L540 (91,000 copies/cell, GI50 3.9 ng/ml). In contrast, CD25-negative Burkitt's lymphoma line, Daudi, gave a GI50 >> 1 mg/ml. The released PBD dimer warhead induces highly cytotoxic interstrand cross-links in the DNA minor groove. Unique to this class of ADCs, the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay can therefore be used as a pharmacodynamic endpoint. For ADCT-301, cross-link formation was dose dependent and the peak of cross-linking occurred 16 to 24 hours after a 2 hour exposure of Karpas 299 cells. In vivo, ADCT-301 demonstrated dose-dependent antitumor activity against SUDHL1 and Karpas 299 xenograft and disseminated models. For example, ADCT-301 at a single dose of 0.2 mg/kg significantly delayed Karpas 299 tumor growth compared to vehicle-treated and isotype control ADC-treated mice, and at 0.4 and 0.6 mg/kg gave 3/10 and 10/10 tumor-free survivors, respectively (Figure A). 10/10 tumor-free survivors were also observed at a single dose of 0.5 mg/kg, whereas Adcetris gave only a modest delay in mean tumor growth at a single dose of 0.5 mg/kg despite this tumor expressing three times the level of Adcetris target CD30 antigen compared to CD25 (Figure B). ADCT-301 was well tolerated with no signs of toxicity at 6 mg/kg, currently the highest dose tested. Together, these data clearly demonstrate the potent antitumor activity of ADCT-301 against CD25-expressing hematological tumors and warrants the rapid development of this agent into the clinic. Figure 1A B Figure 1A B. Disclosures Flynn: Medimmune: Employment. van Berkel:ADC Therapeutics Sarl: Employment, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties. Zammarchi:ADC Therapeutics Sarl: Employment. Levy:Medimmune: Employment. Tiberghien:Medimmune: Employment, Patents & Royalties. Masterson:Medimmune: Employment. D'Hooge:Medimmune: Employment. Adams:Medimmune: Employment. Williams:Medimmune: Employment. Howard:ADC Therapeutics Sarl: Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties. Hartley:Medimmune: Employment, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties; ADC Therapeutics Sarl: Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties.

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26

van Duuren, Tom, and Stephanie ter Brake. "The Societas UNIUS Personae: A Welcome European Vehicle." European Company Law 12, Issue 6 (November 1, 2015): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eucl2015043.

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This article discusses the desirability of introducing the Societas Unius Personae (SUP), by first comparing other light vehicles in Europe, namely the UK LLP, the German GmbH (UG), the French SARL, EURL and SAS(U), and the Dutch BV. Since the main purpose of the SUP is to make it easier and less costly for any potential company founder to establish companies abroad, the SUP can be best compared to the French EURL. The SUP is a welcome European vehicle. But it would make sense if the tax treatment of the SUP would be addressed as well.

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27

Galland, Stéphane, Ansar-Ul-Haque Yasar, Elhadi Shakshuki, and Nicolas Gaud. "Helping the Performance Evaluation of an Agent Run-time Framework: the SARL Experience Index." Procedia Computer Science 110 (2017): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.06.073.

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28

Guez, Gérard. "Suppression de la « double » déduction de certains frais pour les gérants majoritaires de SARL." Revue Francophone des Laboratoires 2012, no. 447 (December 2012): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1773-035x(12)71786-0.

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29

Alexander, Stephen, and Paul Lewis. "The substratum rule—where to now?" Trusts & Trustees 27, no. 10 (November 26, 2021): 999–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttab092.

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Abstract In Representation of Rysaffe Fiduciaires Sarl [2021] JRC 230 (Rysaffe), the Royal Court of Jersey has handed down a judgment which provides important clarification in relation to the scope of a trustee’s powers to amend and to add beneficiaries. This is the first time that the Royal Court has considered the substratum rule in the context of a trustee wishing to exercise a power to add a beneficiary. This decision is of particular note coming as it does in the wake of the decision of the Court of Appeal in Bermuda to reject the substratum rule in Grand View Private Trust Company Limited v Wong & Ors Civil Appeal No. 5A of 2019.

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30

Najjar, Amro, Sebastian Rodriguez, Hui Zhao, Igor Haman Tchappi, Stéphane Galland, Yazan Mualla, and Nicolas Gaud. "Model transformations from the SARL agent-oriented programming language to an object-oriented programming language." International Journal of Agent-Oriented Software Engineering 7, no. 1 (2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijaose.2019.10027922.

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31

Galland, Stéphane, Yazan Mualla, Igor Haman Tchappi, Hui Zhao, Sebastian Rodriguez, Amro Najjar, and Nicolas Gaud. "Model transformations from the SARL agent-oriented programming language to an object-oriented programming language." International Journal of Agent-Oriented Software Engineering 7, no. 1 (2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijaose.2019.106458.

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32

Galland, Stéphane, Sebastian Rodriguez, and Nicolas Gaud. "Run-time environment for the SARL agent-programming language: the example of the Janus platform." Future Generation Computer Systems 107 (June 2020): 1105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2017.10.020.

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33

Guez, Gérard. "Cession de parts d’une Sarl, absence de notification du projet de cession et cession nulle." Revue Francophone des Laboratoires 2021, no. 536 (November 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1773-035x(21)00218-5.

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34

Ó Cathaoir, Katharina. "Court of Justice Upholds the Tobacco Products Directive 2014." European Journal of Risk Regulation 7, no. 3 (September 2016): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00006140.

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C-547/14 Philip Morris Brands SARL and Others v Secretary of State for Health [2016] (not yet reported)C-477/14 Pillbox 38 (UK) Ltd v Secretary of State for Health [2016] (not yet reported)C-358/14 Poland v. Parliament and Council [2016] (not yet reported)Article 114 TFEU provides an adequate legal basis for the adoption of the Tobacco Products Directive 2014 in full, including measures relating to flavoured tobacco, labelling and packaging, and electronic cigarettes. These measures also comply with the principles of proportionality, subsidiarity, legal certainty, equal treatment and free competition, and the rights of companies under the EU Charter. Member States may introduce further requirements in relation to packaging of tobacco products that are not harmonised by the Directive.

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35

Soulié, Mathieu. "Le respect de l’ordre du jour par une nouvelle résolution prise lors de l’assemblée générale d’une SARL." Revue juridique de l'Ouest 31, no. 4 (2018): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/juro.2018.5130.

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36

Kundu, Bijoy, Shaheena Yasmeen Rizvi, Krishna Behari Mathur, and Kurunamoy Kar. "Antiarrhythmic activity of a novel analogue of AAP." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 55, no. 2 (1990): 575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19900575.

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Three novel analogues of antiarrhythmic peptide (AAP), [Sar2, Pro3]AAP (I), [Sar3]AAP (II) and [Sar2, Sar3]AAP (III), have been synthesized in order to get peptides with enhanced antiarrhythmic activity. Their antiarrhythmic activity has been evaluated against aconitine induced arrhythmia in rats. [Sar2, Sar3]AAP has been found to be more active than AAP. It is equipotent to the commonly used antiarrhythmic drug quinidine, so far as delay in the onset of ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest are concerned. Relationship of biological activities of these peptides with their CD is discussed. The results suggest that the spatial structure of III attributed to Sar2-Sar3 linkage might be contributing to its higher antiarrhythmic activity.

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Sánchez, Jonatan, Ana Talamillo, Monika González, Luis Sánchez-Pulido, Silvia Jiménez, Lucia Pirone, James D. Sutherland, and Rosa Barrio. "Drosophila Sal and Salr are transcriptional repressors." Biochemical Journal 438, no. 3 (August 26, 2011): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20110229.

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The SALL (Spalt-like) family of zinc-finger transcription factors is conserved in metazoans. In Drosophila Sal (Spalt) and Salr (Spalt-related) control the expression of genes involved in wing and central nervous system development, including cell adhesion and cytoskeletal proteins. In humans, SALL mutations associate with congenital disorders such as the Townes–Brocks and Okihiro syndromes. Human and Drosophila SALL proteins are modified by SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier), which influences their subnuclear localization. In the present study, we have analysed the transcriptional activity of Drosophila Sall proteins in cultured cells. We show that both Sal and Salr act as transcriptional repressors in Drosophila cells where they repress transcription through an AT-rich sequence. Furthermore, using the UAS/Gal4 heterologous system, Drosophila Sal and Salr repress transcription in human cells. Under our experimental conditions, only in the case of Salr is the repression activity dependent on the HDAC (histone deacetylase) complex. This complex might interact with the C-terminal zinc fingers of Salr. We describe the differential subcellular localizations of Sal and Salr fragments and identify their repression domains. Surprisingly, both repressors also contain transcription activation domains. In addition, under our experimental conditions SUMOylation has differential effects on Sal and Salr repressor activity. Phylogenetic comparison between nematodes, insects and vertebrates identifies conserved peptide sequences that are presumably critical for SALL protein function.

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van de Velden, Jacob. "I. THE ‘CAUTIOUS LEX FORI’ APPROACH TO FOREIGN JUDGMENTS AND PRECLUSION." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 61, no. 2 (April 2012): 519–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002058931200005x.

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If from the imperfect evidence of foreign law produced before it, or its misapprehension of the effect of that evidence, a mistake is made by an English court, it is much to be lamented, but the tribunal is free from blame.1 The mistake to be lamented presently is the High Court decision in Yukos Capital Sarl v OJSC Rosneft Oil Co2 that a Dutch judgment3 gave rise to an issue estoppel in English proceedings, precluding a party from disputing as a fact the partiality and dependence of the Russian judiciary.4 The decision was a mistake because on a proper construction of Dutch law the significance of the Dutch judgment was—if anything—evidential, not preclusive.5 The outcome is lamentable, because a party was unduly shut out from litigation by the application of English preclusion law to a foreign judgment that was not preclusive in the jurisdiction where it was originally given.6

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NGUEFACK, Pierre Juselin, Pulchérie Léonie TATANG ATABONFACK, Thierry joel DJATANG YAWOUO, and Emma Joachim NYASSEU. "Nouvelles technologies : un levier d’amélioration de gouvernance d’entreprises en contexte Camerounais." International Journal of Economic Studies and Management (IJESM) 1, no. 3 (December 24, 2021): 295–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.52502/ijesm.v1i3.204.

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Les nouvelles technologies engendrent un potentiel énorme pour améliorer la vie et la survie des entreprises en général et des personnes dans les pays en développement en particulier. L’objectif de cette étude est de mesurer l’effet des nouvelles technologies sur la gouvernance des entreprises au Cameroun. Pour atteindre notre objectif, nous avons eu recours d’une part, à une démarche hypothético-déductive, l’échantillonnage par choix raisonné et d’autre part, à une régression logistique pour tester les hypothèses de la recherche. Les résultats obtenus auprès d’un échantillon de 90 entreprises ayant le statut de SA et SARL relèvent d’abord que les nouvelles technologies (utilisation des visioconférences, et la mise en réseaux des ordinateurs) ont des effets positifs et statistiquement significatifs non seulement sur la fréquence des réunions du conseil d’administration mais aussi sur la présence des investisseurs institutionnels. Cependant, leur influence est plutôt négative et statistiquement significative sur la durée de mission de l’audit externe.

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Paduch, M., F. Jeleń, and J. Otlewski. "Structure of small G proteins and their regulators." Acta Biochimica Polonica 48, no. 4 (December 31, 2001): 829–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2001_3850.

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In recent years small G proteins have become an intensively studied group of regulatory GTP hydrolases involved in cell signaling. More than 100 small G proteins have been identified in eucaryotes from protozoan to human. The small G protein superfamily includes Ras, Rho Rab, Rac, Sarl/Arf and Ran homologs, which take part in numerous and diverse cellular processes, such as gene expression, cytoskeleton reorganization, microtubule organization, and vesicular and nuclear transport. These proteins share a common structural core, described as the G domain, and significant sequence similarity. In this paper we review the available data on G domain structure, together with a detailed analysis of the mechanism of action. We also present small G protein regulators: GTPase activating proteins that bind to a catalytic G domain and increase its low intrinsic hydrolase activity, GTPase dissociation inhibitors that stabilize the GDP-bound, inactive state of G proteins, and guanine nucleotide exchange factors that accelerate nucleotide exchange in response to cellular signals. Additionally, in this paper we describe some aspects of small G protein interactions with down-stream effectors.

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Laurens, François, Yves Lespinasse, and André Fouillet. "A New Scab-resistant Apple: `Ariane'." HortScience 40, no. 2 (April 2005): 484–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.2.484.

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`Ariane' is a new apple cultivar carrying the Vf gene of resistance to Venturia inaequalis. It was derived from a cross made in 1979 at INRA in Angers, France between two advanced selections. The seed parent was a hybrid between the Vf cultivars `Florina' and `Prima' and the pollen parent was derived from an open pollination of `Golden Delicious'. `Ariane' matures during the same period as `Golden Delicious'. `Ariane' fruit has blushed bright red skin, with 75% of the fruit surface colored. It is medium sized. The flesh is firm and crisp; it has excellent flavor and eating quality with a high level of sugar and acid. Storage ability is long. Trees have to be thinned intensively, chemically and manually, to get good size fruit. `Ariane' shows low susceptibility to powdery mildew and fire blight. `Ariane' has been selected by the SARL (Ltd) NOVADI and the S.A.S. POMALIA to be developed as the first cultivar of a “Les Naturianes” series. Since 2002, about 95,000 trees of `Ariane' have been planted in France.

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Crépeau, N., M. Felix-Sanchez, F. Chenal, F. Lacrampe-Cuyaubère, and C. Beauval. "Note sur la révision des moyens techniques permettant d'acquérir des données anthropométriques en contexte préventif." Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris 29, no. 3-4 (June 27, 2017): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13219-017-0183-z.

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De nombreuses séries ostéoanthropologiques ont été fouillées et étudiées par les membres de la SARL Archéosphère, société agréée pour la réalisation de fouilles archéologiques préventives de 2005 à 2015. Nous avons engagé sur chacune d'entre elles des analyses ostéométriques plus ou moins approfondies en fonction des problématiques d'étude et de l'état de conservation des restes osseux. Une réflexion s'est alors engagée sur le choix des variables et leur mode d'acquisition sur le terrain comme en laboratoire, afin de concilier les contraintes temporelles et les problématiques de chaque site. Ainsi, les moyens techniques couramment employés (fiches de terrain et base de données) ont été revus, optimisés et testés pour s'adapter au contexte préventif tout en limitant les pertes d'informations et en facilitant le traitement des données. Le développement d'une base de données en réseau a particulièrement contribué à ces améliorations. Nous proposerons en conclusion quelques pistes de réflexion pour perfectionner et diffuser ces outils à d'autres institutions, avec pour objectif d'améliorer l'acquisition des données métriques et leur partage au sein de la communauté scientifique.

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Yu, J. H., and L. Dai. "RETRACTED: Strain rate and interfacial property effects of random fibre cementitious composites." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 44, no. 6 (August 1, 2009): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/03093247jsa513.

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Yu, J. H. and Dai, L. Strain rate and interfacial property effects of random fibre cementitious composites. Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, 2009, 44: 417–425. DOI: 10.1234/03093247JSA513. This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor and the Publishers. Reason for Retraction: The results of a plagiarism investigation showed that the authors of this work (Yu, J. H., and Dai, L) are in breach of the agreement that they signed in their Licence to Publish Form for JSA513, having copied substantial portions of material from the following: Yang, E. H. Designing added functions in engineered cementitious composites. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Michigan, 2008. Yang, E. H. and Li, V. C. Rate Dependencies in Engineered Cementitious Composites. Proceedings of International RILEM workshop on HPFRCC in structural applications, Honolulu, Hawaii. Published by RILEM SARL, pp. 83–92, 2005. Redon, C., V. C. Li, C. Wu, H. Hoshiro, T. Saito, and Ogawa, A. Measuring and Modifying Interface Properties of PVA Fibers in ECC Matrix. ASCE J. Materials in Civil Engineering, 13 (6): 399–406, 2001. We apologize that this was not detected during the peer review process in 2009.

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Schiemann, LJJ. "R v COMMISSIONERS OF CUSTOMS AND EXCISE EX P.(1) EMU TABAC SARL (2) THE MAN IN BLACK LTD (3) CUNNINGHAM." European Law Reports 1, no. 2 (March 1, 1997): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/elr.v1n2.153.

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Arfaoui, Lamia, Azza Ziadi, and Sonia Manai. "The Relationship between Democracy and Economic Growth in Tunisia: An Application of Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model." International Journal of Social Science Research 4, no. 1 (March 7, 2016): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijssr.v4i1.8870.

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This paper aims to identify the nature of the relationship between democracy and economic growth. We will answer the question: Does democracy improve economic growth? We study the case of Tunisia during the period from 1980 until 2014; this country has experienced a democratic transition after the revolution of 14 th January 2011. Our study is divided into two parts. The first part is a literature review of overview on the causality between democracy and economic growth. The second part as an application uses the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL). The choice of the technical SARL aimed the study of the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between two variables in level, a procedure co-integration has been proposed by Pesaran et al (2001). The results of different empirical studies were inconclusive. Some generated a negative impact of democracy on growth while others showed the opposite. The empirical results of our work have shown that in a nascent democracy such is the case of Tunisia; democracy has no effect on economic growth in the short term. It is to add an observation rate of GDP during the period post -revolution generated a sawtooth trend which demonstrates the unstable economic situation in the country.

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Guo, Jian, and István Harmati. "Comparison of Game Theoretical Strategy and Reinforcement Learning in Traffic Light Control." Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 48, no. 4 (June 8, 2020): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pptr.15923.

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Many traffic models and control methods have already been utilized in the public transportation system due to the increasing traffic congestion. Thus, an intelligent traffic model is formalized and presented to control multiple traffic light simultaneously and efficiently according to the distribution of vehicles from each incoming link (i.e. sections) in this paper. Compared with constant strategy, two methods are proposed for traffic light control, i.e., game theoretical strategy and reinforcement learning methods. Game theoretical strategy is generated in a game theoretical framework where incoming links are regarded as players and the combination of the status of traffic lights can be regarded as decisions made by these players. The cost function is evaluated and the strategy is produced with Nash equilibrium for passing maximum vehicles in an intersection. The other one is Single-Agent Reinforcement Learning (SARL), specifically with the Q-learning algorithm in this case, which is usually used in such a dynamic environment to control traffic flow so the traffic problem could be improved. Generally, the intersection is regarded as the centralized agent and controlling signal status is considered as the actions of the agent. The performance of these two methods is compared after simulated and implemented in a junction.

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Manna, Adhar C., Manfred G. Bayer, and Ambrose L. Cheung. "Transcriptional Analysis of Different Promoters in the sar Locus in Staphylococcus aureus." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 15 (August 1, 1998): 3828–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.15.3828-3836.1998.

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ABSTRACT The expression of extracellular virulence determinants inStaphylococcus aureus is controlled by a 510-nucleotide RNA molecule (RNAIII) which is a part of theagr system. The agr operon, which encodes a multicomponent signal transduction system, is partially under the influence of an unlinked regulatory locus calledsar. The sar locus is composed of three overlapping transcripts, designated sarA (0.56 kb),sarC (0.8 kb), and sarB (1.2 kb), originating from the P1, P3, and P2 promoters, respectively. In this study, we analyzed the differential expression of these promoters by using transcriptional fusion with the xylE reporter gene to study the activation of the sar locus. The data confirm the existence of three independent promoters with different promoter activities. Maximal promoter activity was observed with the combined fusion of P2-P3-P1 promoters. Expression studies with a sigB mutant revealed that the P3 promoter is SigB dependent. Analysis of these transcriptional fusions in a sarA mutant and in complemented strains with each of the sar transcriptional units revealed that thesar locus is autoregulatory, with SarA acting as a positive regulator. From various transcriptional fusion studies of the upstream region of the P1 promoter, we have localized a 34-bp sequence which seems to play a role in down-modulating P1 transcription. Using heparin-Sepharose and DNA-specific columns, we partially purified a 12-kDa protein, possibly a repressor, which binds to the promoter regions upstream of P2 and P1 and which also binds to the 34-bp sequence. These data indicated that the regulation of thesar locus is complex and may involve the sargene product(s) and other regulatory protein(s).

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Griffiths, Jonathan. "The Tobacco Industry’s Challenge to the United Kingdom’s Standardised Packaging Legislation – Global Lessons for Tobacco Control Policy?" QUT Law Review 17, no. 2 (November 24, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/qutlr.v17i2.717.

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In 2015, legislation imposing a standardised packaging regime for tobacco products was passed by the United Kingdom Parliament. The Standardised Packaging of Tobacco Products Regulations 2015 (UK) came into effect fully from 21 May 2017 and were contested vigorously by the tobacco industry, both through the legislative consultation process and in the courts. This article focuses on the claim for judicial review brought by the industry against the Regulations, R on the Application of British American Tobacco Limited v The Secretary of State for Health. In that case, the introduction of standardised packaging was challenged on a number of grounds, including proportionality, compatibility with the right of property and with international and European Union rules on the protection of intellectual property. All these arguments were rejected in forceful terms by Green J in the High Court, and again on appeal, by the Court of Appeal. This article sets out the industry’s claims in detail and explores the grounds on which the legislation was upheld. It also outlines the European Union legal context within which the legislation operates, including the important judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Philip Morris Brands SARL and Others v Secretary of State for Health (C-547/14). It is suggested here that the reasoning in these judgments may prove instructive well beyond the borders of the United Kingdom.

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Komune, Noritaka, Satoshi Matsuo, Koichi Miki, Ken Matsushima, Yojiro Akagi, Ryota Kurogi, Koji Iihara, Toshio Matsushima, Tooru Inoue, and Takashi Nakagawa. "Microsurgical Anatomy of the Jugular Process as an Anatomical Landmark to Access the Jugular Foramen: A Cadaveric and Radiological Study." Operative Neurosurgery 16, no. 4 (August 3, 2018): 486–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ons/opy198.

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Abstract BACKGROUND The jugular process forms the posteroinferior surface of the jugular foramen and is an important structure for surgical approaches to the foramen. However, its morphological features have not been well described in modern texts. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the microsurgical anatomy of the jugular process and examine its morphological features. METHODS Five adult cadaveric specimens were dissected in a cadaveric study, and computed tomography data from 31 heads (62 sides) were examined using OsiriX (Pixmeo SARL, Bernex, Switzerland) to elucidate the morphological features of the jugular process. RESULTS The cadaveric study showed that it has a close relationship with the sigmoid sinus, jugular bulb, rectus capitis lateralis, lateral atlanto-occipital ligament, and lateral and posterior condylar veins. The radiographic study showed that 9/62 sigmoid sinuses protruded inferiorly into the jugular process and that in 5/62 sides, this process was pneumatized. At the entry of the jugular foramen, if the temporal bone has a bulb-type jugular bulb, and if surgery concerns the right side of the head, the superior surface of the jugular process is more likely to be steep. CONCLUSION The jugular process forms the posteroinferior border of the jugular foramen. Resection of the jugular process is a critical step for opening the jugular foramen from the posterior and lateral aspects. Understanding the morphological features of the jugular process, and preoperative and radiographical examination of this process thus help skull base surgeons to access the jugular foramen.

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Sinclair, Andrew. "Activa DPS Europe SARL (A company incorporated under the Laws of the Republic of France) v Pressure Seal Solutions Limited (t/a Welltec System (UK))." European Law Reports 16, no. 6 (November 30, 2012): 756–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/109132912805099326.

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