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Journal articles on the topic 'Sarno (Italy)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 March 2023

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1

Vogel, Sebastian, Michael Märker, and Florian Seiler. "Revised modelling of the post-AD 79 volcanic deposits of Somma-Vesuvius to reconstruct the pre-AD 79 topography of the Sarno River plain (Italy)." Geologica Carpathica 62, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10096-011-0001-3.

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Revised modelling of the post-AD 79 volcanic deposits of Somma-Vesuvius to reconstruct the pre-AD 79 topography of the Sarno River plain (Italy) In this study the methodology proposed by Vogel & Märker (2010) to reconstruct the pre-AD 79 topography and paleo-environmental features of the Sarno River plain (Italy) was considerably revised and improved. The methodology is based on an extensive dataset of stratigraphical information from the entire Sarno River plain, a high-resolution present-day digital elevation model (DEM) and a classification and regression tree approach. The dataset was re-evaluated and 32 additional stratigraphical drillings were collected in areas that were not or insufficiently covered by previous stratigraphic data. Altogether, an assemblage of 1,840 drillings, containing information about the depth from the present-day surface to the pre-AD 79 paleo-surface (thickness of post-AD 79 deposits) and the character of the pre-AD 79 paleo-layer of the Sarno River plain was utilized. Moreover, an improved preprocessing of the input parameters attained a distinct progress in model performance in comparison to the previous model of Vogel & Märker (2010). Subsequently, a spatial model of the post-AD 79 deposits was generated. The modelled deposits were then used to reconstruct the pre-AD 79 topography of the Sarno River plain. Moreover, paleo-environmental and paleo-geomorphological features such as the paleo-coastline, the paleo-Sarno River and its floodplain, alluvial fans near the Tyrrhenian coast as well as abrasion terraces of historical and protohistorical coastlines were identified. This reconstruction represents a qualitative improvement of the previous work by Vogel & Märker (2010).

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2

Barra, Lucia, Angela Sardo, Maria Moros, Arianna Smerilli, Pasquale Chiaiese, Isabella Percopo, Elena Cavalletti, Christian Castro-Hinojosa, and Sergio Balzano. "Identification of a Green Algal Strain Collected from the Sarno River Mouth (Gulf of Naples, Italy) and Its Exploitation for Heavy Metal Remediation." Microorganisms 10, no. 12 (December 10, 2022): 2445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122445.

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Heavy metals (HMs) can induce both chronic and acute harmful effects on marine and freshwater biota. The environmental impact of HMs in freshwater, seawater, soil, and wastewater can be limited using microbes, including microalgae, that are able to remove metals from environmental matrices. Indeed, they can passively adsorb and actively accumulate these persistent pollutants within their organelles, limiting their detrimental effects on cellular metabolism. The Sarno River is a 30 km long freshwater stream located in Southern Italy, polluted by partially untreated municipal, agricultural, and industrial wastewaters. In spite of this, microalgal cultures from Sarno River or Sarno River Mouth have never been established. In the present study, we isolated a green algal strain from the Sarno River Mouth and determined its ability to grow in polluted seawater containing different concentrations of cadmium, lead, or zinc. This strain was found to be able to accumulate these elements within its biomass in a dose-dependent manner. Growth inhibition experiments confirm the relatively low toxicity of Cd and Pb below 50 µM, while algal growth was seriously affected in Zn-amended media. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study focused on the ability of microalgae from Sarno River Mouth to tolerate and uptake HMs.

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Valente, Ettore, Vincenzo Allocca, Umberto Riccardi, Giovanni Camanni, and Diego Di Martire. "Studying a Subsiding Urbanized Area from a Multidisciplinary Perspective: The Inner Sector of the Sarno Plain (Southern Apennines, Italy)." Remote Sensing 13, no. 16 (August 22, 2021): 3323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163323.

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Defining the origin of ground deformation, which can be a very challenging task, may be approached through several investigative techniques. Ground deformation can originate in response to both natural (e.g., tectonics) and anthropic (e.g., groundwater pumping) contributions. These may either act simultaneously or be somewhat correlated in space and time. For example, the location of structurally controlled basins may be the locus of enhanced human-induced subsidence. In this paper, we investigate the natural and anthropic contributions to ground deformation in the urbanized area of the inner Sarno plain, in the Southern Apennines. We used a multidisciplinary approach based on the collection and analysis of a combination of geomorphological, stratigraphical, structural, hydrogeological, GPS, and DInSAR datasets. Geomorphological, stratigraphical, and structural data suggested the occurrence of a graben-like depocenter, the Sarno basin, bounded by faults with evidence of activity in the last 39 ka. Geodetic data indicated that the Sarno basin also experienced ground deformation (mostly subsidence) in the last 30 years, with a possible anthropogenic contribution due to groundwater pumping. Hydrogeological data suggested that a significant portion of the subsidence detected by geodetic data can be ascribed to groundwater pumping from the alluvial plain aquifer, rather than to a re-activation of faults in the last 30 years. Our interpretation suggested that a positive feedback exists between fault activity and the location of area affected by human-induced subsidence. In fact, fault activity caused the accumulation of poorly consolidated deposits within the Sarno basin, which enhanced groundwater-induced subsidence. The multidisciplinary approach used here was proven to be successful within the study area and could therefore be an effective tool for investigating ground deformation in other urbanized areas worldwide.

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Maddaloni, Massimo, Sara Castiglioni, Ettore Zuccato, Flaminia Gay, Anna Capaldo, Vincenza Laforgia, Salvatore Valiante, Maria De Falco, and Marco Guida. "Presence of Illicit Drugs in the Sarno River (Campania Region, Italy)." Pharmacology & Pharmacy 05, no. 07 (2014): 755–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/pp.2014.57085.

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5

Fiorillo, Francesco, Libera Esposito, Gerardo Grelle, Paola Revellino, and Francesco Maria Guadagno. "Further hydrological analyses on landslide initiation in the Sarno area (Italy)." Italian Journal of Geosciences 132, no. 3 (October 2013): 341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3301/ijg.2012.43.

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6

Capparelli, G., and P. P. Versace. "Landslide susceptibility from mathematical model in Sarno area." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 10 (October 21, 2013): 12643–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-12643-2013.

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Abstract. Rainfall is accepted as a major precursor for many types of slope movements (rapid, shallow soil slips and deeper landslides) and the technical literature is rich in examples of study cases and analysis models, related to landslides induced by rainfall. In general, the developed model can be regrouped in two categories: hydrological and complete. The first ones involve simple empirical relationships linking antecedent precipitation to the time that the landslide occurs; the latter consist of more complex expressions that take several components into account, including specific site conditions, mechanical, hydraulic and physical soil properties, local seepage conditions, and the contribution of these to soil strength. In this study, the analysis was carried out by using a model belonging to the second category for a landslide-prone area in Campania region (Southern Italy), were disastrous mud-flows occurred on 5 May 1998. In details, the model named SUSHI (Saturated Unsaturated Simulation for Hillslope Instability) was used and the obtained results made possible to better define the triggering conditions and differentiate the scenarios leading to instability of those slopes.

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7

Catapano, F., R. Malafronte, F. Lepre, P. Cozzolino, R. Arnone, E. Lorenzo, G. Tartaglia, F. Starace, L. Magliano, and M. Maj. "Psychological consequences of the 1998 landslide in Sarno, Italy: a community study." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 104, no. 6 (December 2001): 438–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.2001.00512.x.

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8

Maritan, Lara, Caterina Previato, and Filippo Lorenzoni. "Foreword: Multidisciplinary study of the Sarno Baths in Pompeii (Naples, Italy): Preface." Journal of Cultural Heritage 40 (November 2019): 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2019.08.002.

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9

Di Duca, Fabiana, Paolo Montuori, Ugo Trama, Armando Masucci, Gennaro Maria Borrelli, and Maria Triassi. "Health Risk Assessment of PAHs from Estuarine Sediments in the South of Italy." Toxics 11, no. 2 (February 13, 2023): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11020172.

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Increased concerns about the toxicities of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), ubiquitous and persistent compounds, as well as the associated ecotoxicology issue in estuarine sediments, have drawn attention worldwide in the last few years. The levels of PAHs in the Sele, Sarno, and Volturno Rivers sediments were evaluated. Moreover, the cancerogenic risk resulting from dermal and ingestion exposure to PAHs was estimated using the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) assessment and the toxic equivalent concentration (TEQBaP). For Sele River, the results showed that the total PAH concentration ranged from 632.42 to 844.93 ng g−1 dw, with an average value of 738.68 ng g−1 dw. ∑PAHs were in the range of 5.2–678.6 ng g−1 dw and 434.8–872.1 ng g−1 dw for the Sarno and Volturno River sediments, respectively. The cancerogenic risk from the accidental ingestion of PAHs in estuarine sediments was low at all sampling sites. However, based on the ILCRdermal values obtained, the risk of cancer associated with exposure by dermal contact with the PAHs present in the sediments was moderate, with a mean ILCRdermal value of 2.77 × 10−6. This study revealed the pollution levels of PAHs across the South of Italy and provided a scientific basis for PAH pollution control and environmental protection.

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10

Pescatore, Tullio, Maria Rosaria Senatore, Giovanna Capretto, and Gaia Lerro. "Holocene Coastal Environments near Pompeii before the A.D. 79 Eruption of Mount Vesuvius, Italy." Quaternary Research 55, no. 1 (January 2001): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2000.2186.

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AbstractStudies of some 70 bore holes around ancient Pompeii, on the southwestern slope of the Somma-Vesuvius volcano, allow the reconstruction of Holocene environments earlier than the A.D. 79 eruption. This eruption produced about 10 km3 of pyroclastic material that buried the Roman cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Stabiae and promoted a shoreline progradation of 1 km. The Sarno coastal plain, in a post-Miocene sedimentary basin, has been affected by Somma-Vesuvius volcanic activity since the late Pleistocene. At the Holocene transgressive maximum, the sea reached an area east of ancient Pompeii and formed a beach ridge (Messigno, 5600 and 4500 14C yr B.P.) more than 2 km inland from the present shore. Progradation of the plain due to high volcanic supply during the following highstand resulted in a new beach ridge (Bottaro-Pioppaino, 3600 14C yr B.P.) 0.5 km seaward of the Messigno ridge. Ancient Pompeii was built as the shoreline continued to prograde toward its present position. Deposits of the A.D. 79 eruption blanketed the natural levees of the Sarno River, marshes near the city and on the Sarno's floodplain, the morphological highs of Messigno and Bottaro-Pioppaino beach ridges, and the seashore. That shore was probably 1 km landward of the present one.

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11

Dorta, D. Oramas, G. Toyos, C. Oppenheimer, M. T. Pareschi, R. Sulpizio, and G. Zanchetta. "Empirical modelling of the May 1998 small debris flows in Sarno (Italy) using LAHARZ." Natural Hazards 40, no. 2 (September 22, 2006): 381–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-006-0035-5.

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12

Rejana Lucci. "Geographical Structures and Urban-Rural Settlements: A Design for the Sarno River and its Plain." Creative Space 2, no. 2 (January 21, 2015): 241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/cs.2015.22006.

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The research presented in this paper deals with the theme of the reclamation of a territory which, though rich in memories of the past and in important traces of its country’s and settlement’s culture, is today largely degraded. The study area – in South Italy, Naples District – is the plain of the Sarno River. It lies on the south of Mount Vesuvius, between the slopes of the volcano, the Picentini mountains and the sea coast, with the river as central axis. It is simply an area full of historical memories: Pompei stood there with its harbour on the river, Stabiae and Nuceria, and there are the remains of several centuries that left marks on which the territory was built. Since ancient times it has been crossed by major communication routes between north and south. The Sarno River, with its central axis and an extensive network of tributaries and canals, was the principal resource of the area. Due to the abundance of water and the rich volcanic soil, it has always been a land of specialized crops and of manufacturing production. Even today it is an important agricultural area, and a landscape of interest. But, by now, the Sarno River Plain, especially towards the sea, is a territory invaded by uncontrolled urbanization, with high-density zones of poor-quality buildings, which have some cities between them. This carelessness has made the river the first cause of the ecological disaster of this area (with waste, industrial and food poisons): a situation of a typical urban territory sprawled and polluted. We think that an important design issue here is thinking of the Sarno River as the soul of the region, the powerful element that still can restore the lost identity of the area, so that – after the rehabilitation has already begun – it will be possible to redevelop the relationships between urban areas, rebuild their hierarchies, and restore the character of agricultural areas and the existing characteristic nature, by protecting and enhancing them.

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13

Esposito, Giuseppe, Fabio Matano, Flavia Molisso, Giovanna Ruoppolo, Almerinda Di Benedetto, and Marco Sacchi. "Post-fire erosion response in a watershed mantled by volcaniclastic deposits, Sarno Mountains, Southern Italy." CATENA 152 (May 2017): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2017.01.009.

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14

Mysiak, J., F. Testella, M. Bonaiuto, G. Carrus, S. De Dominicis, U. Ganucci Cancellieri, K. Firus, and P. Grifoni. "Flood risk management in Italy: challenges and opportunities for the implementation of the EU Floods Directive (2007/60/EC)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 11 (November 19, 2013): 2883–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-2883-2013.

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Abstract. Italy's recent history is punctuated with devastating flood disasters claiming high death toll and causing vast but underestimated economic, social and environmental damage. The responses to major flood and landslide disasters such as the Polesine (1951), Vajont (1963), Firenze (1966), Valtelina (1987), Piedmont (1994), Crotone (1996), Sarno (1998), Soverato (2000), and Piedmont (2000) events have contributed to shaping the country's flood risk governance. Insufficient resources and capacity, slow implementation of the (at that time) novel risk prevention and protection framework, embodied in the law 183/89 of 18 May 1989, increased the reliance on the response and recovery operations of the civil protection. As a result, the importance of the Civil Protection Mechanism and the relative body of norms and regulation developed rapidly in the 1990s. In the aftermath of the Sarno (1998) and Soverato (2000) disasters, the Department for Civil Protection (DCP) installed a network of advanced early warning and alerting centres, the cornerstones of Italy's preparedness for natural hazards and a best practice worth following. However, deep convective clouds, not uncommon in Italy, producing intense rainfall and rapidly developing localised floods still lead to considerable damage and loss of life that can only be reduced by stepping up the risk prevention efforts. The implementation of the EU Floods Directive (2007/60/EC) provides an opportunity to revise the model of flood risk governance and confront the shortcomings encountered during more than 20 yr of organised flood risk management. This brief communication offers joint recommendations towards this end from three projects funded by the 2nd CRUE ERA-NET (http://www.crue-eranet.net/) Funding Initiative: FREEMAN, IMRA and URFlood.

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15

De Pippo, Tommaso, Carlo Donadio, Marco Guida, and Carmela Petrosino. "The Case of Sarno River (Southern Italy). Effects of geomorphology on the environmental impacts (8 pp)." Environmental Science and Pollution Research - International 13, no. 3 (August 29, 2005): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2005.08.287.

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16

Fusco, Francesco, and Pantaleone De Vita. "Hydrological behavior of ash-fall pyroclastic soil mantled slopes of the Sarno Mountains (Campania - southern Italy)." Rendiconti online della Società Geologica Italiana 35 (April 2015): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3301/rol.2015.86.

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17

Albanese, Stefano, Pietro Iavazzo, Paola Adamo, Annamaria Lima, and Benedetto De Vivo. "Assessment of the environmental conditions of the Sarno river basin (south Italy): a stream sediment approach." Environmental Geochemistry and Health 35, no. 3 (September 28, 2012): 283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-012-9483-x.

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18

Capparelli, G., and P. Versace. "Analysis of landslide triggering conditions in the Sarno area using a physically based model." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 8 (August 27, 2014): 3225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3225-2014.

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Abstract. Rainfall is recognized as a major precursor of many types of slope movements. The technical literature reports both study cases and models of landslides induced by rainfall. Subsurface hydrology has a dominant role since changes in the soil water content significantly affect the soil shear strength. The analytical approaches used are very different, ranging from statistical models to distributed and complete models. The latter take several components into account, including specific site conditions, mechanical, hydraulic and physical soil properties, local seepage conditions, and the contribution of these to soil strength. This paper reports a study using a complete model, named SUSHI (Saturated Unsaturated Simulation for Hillslope Instability), to simulate the role of subsurface hydrology in rain-induced landslides, on a case of great interest both in terms of its complexity and its severity. The landslide-prone area in question is located in Campania (southern Italy), where disastrous mudflows occurred in May 1998. The region has long been affected by rainfall-induced slope instabilities, which often involve large areas and affect many people. The application allows a better understanding of the role of rainfall infiltration and suction changes in the triggering mechanism of the phenomena. These changes must be carefully considered when assessing hazard levels and planning mitigation interventions regarding slope stability.

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19

Buccheri, G., E. De Lauro, S. De Martino, M. Esposito, M. Falanga, and C. Fontanella. "Identification of soil redistribution using 137Cs for characterizing landslide-prone areas: a case study in Sarno-Quindici, Italy." Environmental Earth Sciences 72, no. 6 (February 18, 2014): 2129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3120-1.

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20

Cascini, Leonardo, Sabatino Cuomo, and Maria Della Sala. "Spatial and temporal occurrence of rainfall-induced shallow landslides of flow type: A case of Sarno-Quindici, Italy." Geomorphology 126, no. 1-2 (March 2011): 148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.10.038.

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21

Montuori, Paolo, Sara Aurino, Antonio Nardone, Teresa Cirillo, and Maria Triassi. "Spatial distribution and partitioning of organophosphates pesticide in water and sediment from Sarno River and Estuary, Southern Italy." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 22, no. 11 (January 7, 2015): 8629–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-4016-z.

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22

Santo, Antonio, Nicoletta Santangelo, Melania De Falco, Giovanni Forte, and Ettore Valente. "Cover collapse sinkhole over a deep buried carbonate bedrock: The case study of Fossa San Vito (Sarno - Southern Italy)." Geomorphology 345 (November 2019): 106838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.106838.

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23

Mazzarella, A., and N. Diodato. "The alluvial events in the last two centuries at Sarno, southern Italy: their classification and power-law time-occurrence." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 72, no. 1-2 (May 1, 2002): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007040200014.

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24

Balassone, Giuseppina, Mariano Mercurio, Chiara Germinario, Celestino Grifa, Igor Maria Villa, Giovanni Di Maio, Serenella Scala, et al. "Multi-analytical characterization and provenance identification of protohistoric metallic artefacts from Picentia-Pontecagnano and the Sarno valley sites, Campania, Italy." Measurement 128 (November 2018): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2018.06.019.

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25

Capparelli, Giovanna, Gennaro Spolverino, and Roberto Greco. "Experimental Determination of TDR Calibration Relationship for Pyroclastic Ashes of Campania (Italy)." Sensors 18, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 3727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113727.

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Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is one of the most widely used techniques for indirect determination of soil volumetric water content (θ). TDR measures the relative dielectric constant (εr) which, in a three-phase system like the soil, depends on water, air, and solid matrix dielectric constants. Since dielectric constant of water is much larger than the other two, εr of bulk soil mainly depends on water content. In many cases, the application of TDR requires a specific calibration of the relationship θ(εr) to get quantitatively accurate estimates of soil water content. In fact, the relationship θ(εr) is influenced by various soil properties, such as clay content, organic matter content, bulk density, and aggregation. Numerous studies have shown that pyroclastic soils often exhibit a peculiar dielectric behavior. In Campania (Southern Italy) wide mountainous areas are covered by layered pyroclastic deposits of ashes (loamy sands) and pumices (sandy gravels), often involved in the triggering of landslides induced by rainwater infiltration. Reliable field measurements of water content of such soils are therefore important for the assessment of landslide risk. Hence, in this paper, the θ(εr) relationship has been experimentally determined on samples of typical pyroclastic soil of Campania, collected around Sarno, reconstituted with different porosities. The aim of the study is to identify specific calibration relationships for such soils based not only on empirical approaches. In this respect, a three-phase dielectric mixing model with a variable exponent is introduced, and the variable value of the exponent is related to the different dielectric properties of bond and free water within the soil pores.

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Crosta, G. B., and P. Dal Negro. "Observations and modelling of soil slip-debris flow initiation processes in pyroclastic deposits: the Sarno 1998 event." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 3, no. 1/2 (April 30, 2003): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-3-53-2003.

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Abstract. Pyroclastic soils mantling a wide area of the Campanian Apennines are subjected to recurrent instability phenomena. This study analyses the 5 and 6 May 1998 event which affected the Pizzo d’Alvano (Campania, southern Italy). More than 400 slides affecting shallow pyroclastic deposits were triggered by intense and prolonged but not extreme rainfall. Landslides affected the pyroclastic deposits that cover the steep calcareous ridges and are soil slip-debris flows and rapid mudflows. About 30 main channels were deeply scoured by flows which reached the alluvial fans depositing up to 400 000 m3 of material in the piedmont areas. About 75% of the landslides are associated with morphological discontinuities such as limestone cliffs and roads. The sliding surface is located within the pyroclastic cover, generally at the base of a pumice layer. Geotechnical characterisation of pyroclastic deposits has been accomplished by laboratory and in situ tests. Numerical modelling of seepage processes and stability analyses have been run on four simplified models representing different settings observed at the source areas. Seepage modelling showed the formation of pore pressure pulses in pumice layers and the localised increase of pore pressure in correspondence of stratigraphic discontinuities as response to the rainfall event registered between 28 April and 5 May. Numerical modelling provided pore pressure values for stability analyses and pointed out critical conditions where stratigraphic or morphological discontinuities occur. This study excludes the need of a groundwater flow from the underlying bedrock toward the pyroclastic cover for instabilities to occur.

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Olivares, Lucio, Emilia Damiano, Nadia Netti, and Martina de Cristofaro. "Geotechnical Properties of Two Pyroclastic Deposits Involved in Catastrophic Flowslides for Implementation in Early Warning Systems." Geosciences 9, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9010024.

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Air-fall pyroclastic deposits on steep slopes in Campania (Southern Italy) are periodically subjected to rainfall-induced landslides that may evolve into catastrophic flowslides. To protect built-up areas, early warning systems (EWSs) have been implemented which are essentially based on pluviometric thresholds or models unable to accurately monitor the physical phenomena responsible for flowslide generation in pyroclastic deposits. Over the last 20 years, landslides with no evolution in flows occurred in this area and the alarms generated by existing EWSs in the cases of rainfall were both false and highly costly, thus eroding public trust in EWSs. To improve existing EWSs, two complex models for pyroclastic soils (Cervinara and Sarno) are proposed in this paper. These two models allow correct simulation of the physical processes, such as saturation increase due to rainwater infiltration and mechanical degradation as far as undrained instability, which govern postfailure evolution. The paper concludes with the presentation of a framework proposal to be used in defining a soil database, as well as a framework for flowslide generation forecast to be used for implementation within EWSs.

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Heck, Volker, and Sebastian Vogel. "Rectification of Historic Royal Air Force Aerial Photos and Generation of an Aerial Image Mosaic of the Sarno River Basin, Italy." Photogrammetrie - Fernerkundung - Geoinformation 2009, no. 3 (July 1, 2009): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0019.

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Pepi, Milva, Marco Borra, Stella Tamburrino, Maria Saggiomo, Alfio Viola, Elio Biffali, Cecilia Balestra, Mario Sprovieri, and Raffaella Casotti. "A Bacillus sp. isolated from sediments of the Sarno River mouth, Gulf of Naples (Italy) produces a biofilm biosorbing Pb(II)." Science of The Total Environment 562 (August 2016): 588–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.097.

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30

Di Maio, R., S. Fabbrocino, G. Forte, and E. Piegari. "A three-dimensional hydrogeological–geophysical model of a multi-layered aquifer in the coastal alluvial plain of Sarno River (southern Italy)." Hydrogeology Journal 22, no. 3 (December 19, 2013): 691–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-013-1087-8.

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31

Basile, A., S. Sorbo, M. Cardi, M. Lentini, D. Castiglia, P. Cianciullo, B. Conte, S. Loppi, and S. Esposito. "Effects of heavy metals on ultrastructure and Hsp70 induction in Lemna minor L. exposed to water along the Sarno River, Italy." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 114 (April 2015): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.01.009.

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32

Vogel, Sebastian, and Michael Märker. "Reconstructing the Roman topography and environmental features of the Sarno River Plain (Italy) before the AD 79 eruption of Somma–Vesuvius." Geomorphology 115, no. 1-2 (February 2010): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.09.031.

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Montuori, Paolo, Teresa Cirillo, Evelina Fasano, Antonio Nardone, Francesco Esposito, and Maria Triassi. "Spatial distribution and partitioning of polychlorinated biphenyl and organochlorine pesticide in water and sediment from Sarno River and Estuary, Southern Italy." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 21, no. 7 (December 24, 2013): 5023–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2419-x.

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De Vita, Pantaleone, Francesco Fusco, Rita Tufano, and Delia Cusano. "Seasonal and Event-Based Hydrological and Slope Stability Modeling of Pyroclastic Fall Deposits Covering Slopes in Campania (Southern Italy)." Water 10, no. 9 (August 25, 2018): 1140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10091140.

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The pyroclastic fall deposits mantling mountain slopes in the Campania region (Southern Italy) represent one of the most studied geomorphological frameworks of the world regarding rainfall-induced debris flows threating urban areas. The proposed study focused on advancing knowledge about the hydrological response of pyroclastic fall coverings from the seasonal to event-based time scales, leading to the initiation of slope instability. The study was based on two consequential tasks. The first was the analysis of a six-year monitoring of soil pressure head carried out in a sample area of the Sarno Mountains, located above a debris flow initiation zone. The second was based on coupled hydrological and slope stability modeling performed on the physical models of slopes, which were reconstructed by empirical correlations between the slope angle, total thickness, and stratigraphic settings of pyroclastic fall deposits mantling slopes. The results obtained were: (a) The understanding of a soil pressure head regime of the volcaniclastic soil mantle, always ranging in unsaturated conditions and characterized by a strong seasonal variability depending on precipitation patterns and the life cycle of deciduous chestnut forest; and (b) the reconstruction through a deterministic approach of seasonal intensity–duration rainfall thresholds related to different morphological conditions.

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Zanchetta, G., R. Sulpizio, M. T. Pareschi, F. M. Leoni, and R. Santacroce. "Characteristics of May 5–6, 1998 volcaniclastic debris flows in the Sarno area (Campania, southern Italy): relationships to structural damage and hazard zonation." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 133, no. 1-4 (May 2004): 377–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-0273(03)00409-8.

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Thiombane, Matar, Josep-Antoni Martín-Fernández, Stefano Albanese, Annamaria Lima, Angela Doherty, and Benedetto De Vivo. "Exploratory analysis of multi-element geochemical patterns in soil from the Sarno River Basin (Campania region, southern Italy) through compositional data analysis (CODA)." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 195 (December 2018): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2018.03.010.

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Fusco, Francesco, Benjamin Mirus, Rex Baum, Domenico Calcaterra, and Pantaleone De Vita. "Incorporating the Effects of Complex Soil Layering and Thickness Local Variability into Distributed Landslide Susceptibility Assessments." Water 13, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13050713.

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Incorporating the influence of soil layering and local variability into the parameterizations of physics-based numerical models for distributed landslide susceptibility assessments remains a challenge. Typical applications employ substantial simplifications including homogeneous soil units and soil-hydraulic properties assigned based only on average textural classifications; the potential impact of these assumptions is usually disregarded. We present a multi-scale approach for parameterizing the distributed Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability (TRIGRS) model that accounts for site-specific spatial variations in both soil thickness and complex layering properties by defining homogeneous soil properties that vary spatially for each model grid cell. These effective properties allow TRIGRS to accurately simulate the timing and distribution of slope failures without any modification of the model structure. We implemented this approach for the carbonate ridge of Sarno Mountains (southern Italy) whose slopes are mantled by complex layered soils of pyroclastic origin. The urbanized foot slopes enveloping these mountains are among the most landslide-prone areas of Italy and have been subjected to repeated occurrences of damaging and deadly rainfall-induced flow-type shallow landslides. At this scope, a primary local-scale application of TRIGRS was calibrated on physics-based rainfall thresholds, previously determined by a coupled VS2D (version 1.3) hydrological modeling and slope stability analysis. Subsequently, by taking into account the spatial distribution of soil thickness and vertical heterogeneity of soil hydrological and mechanical properties, a distributed assessment of landslide hazard was carried out by means of TRIGRS. The combination of these approaches led to the spatial assessment of landslide hazard under different hypothetical rainfall intensities and antecedent hydrological conditions. This approach to parameterizing TRIGRS can be adapted to other spatially variable soil layering and thickness to improve hazard assessments.

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Tufano, Rita, Francesco Fusco, and Pantaleone De Vita. "Spatial modeling of ash-fall pyroclastic deposits for the assessment of rainfall thresholds triggering debris flows in the Sarno and Lattari mountains (Campania, southern Italy)." Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana 41 (November 2016): 210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3301/rol.2016.131.

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Cicchella, Domenico, Jurian Hoogewerff, Stefano Albanese, Paola Adamo, Annamaria Lima, Manuela V. E. Taiani, and Benedetto De Vivo. "Distribution of toxic elements and transfer from the environment to humans traced by using lead isotopes. A case of study in the Sarno River basin, south Italy." Environmental Geochemistry and Health 38, no. 2 (July 12, 2015): 619–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-015-9748-2.

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Toyos, G., D. Oramas Dorta, C. Oppenheimer, M. T. Pareschi, R. Sulpizio, and G. Zanchetta. "GIS-assisted modelling for debris flow hazard assessment based on the events of May 1998 in the area of Sarno, Southern Italy: Part I. Maximum run-out." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 32, no. 10 (2007): 1491–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1472.

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Toyos, G., R. Gunasekera, G. Zanchetta, C. Oppenheimer, R. Sulpizio, M. Favalli, and M. T. Pareschi. "GIS-assisted modelling for debris flow hazard assessment based on the events of May 1998 in the area of Sarno, Southern Italy: II. Velocity and dynamic pressure." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 33, no. 11 (October 15, 2008): 1693–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1640.

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Klebesz, R., R. Esposito, B. De Vivo, and R. J. Bodnar. "Constraints on the origin of sub-effusive nodules from the Sarno (Pomici di Base) eruption of Mt. Somma-Vesuvius (Italy) based on compositions of silicate-melt inclusions and clinopyroxene." American Mineralogist 100, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 760–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2015-4958.

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D’Ambrosio, D., S. Di Gregorio, and G. Iovine. "Simulating debris flows through a hexagonal cellular automata model: SCIDDICA S<sub>3–hex</sub>." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 3, no. 6 (December 31, 2003): 545–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-3-545-2003.

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Abstract. Cellular Automata (CA) represent a formal frame for dynamical systems, which evolve on the base of local interactions. Some types of landslide, such as debris flows, match well this requirement. The latest hexagonal release (S3–hex) of the deterministic model SCIDDICA, specifically developed for simulating debris flows, is described. For CA simulation purposes, landslides can be viewed as a dynamical system, subdivided into elementary parts, whose state evolves exclusively as a consequence of local interactions within a spatial and temporal discretum. Space is the world of the CA, here constituted by hexagonal cells. The attributes of each cell ("substates") describe physical characteristics. For computational reasons, the natural phenomenon is "decomposed" into a number of elementary processes, whose proper composition makes up the "transition function" of the CA. By simultaneously applying this function to all the cells, the evolution of the phenomenon can be simulated in terms of modifications of the substates. SCIDDICA S3–hex exhibits a great flexibility in modelling debris flows. With respect to the previous releases of the model, the mechanism of progressive erosion of the soil cover has been added to the transition function. Considered substates are: altitude; thickness and energy of landslide debris; depth of erodable soil cover; debris outflows. Considered elementary processes are: mobilisation triggering and effect (T1), debris outflows (I1), update of landslide debris thickness and energy (I2), and energy loss (T2). Simulations of real debris flows, occurred in Campania (Southern Italy) in May 1998 (Sarno) and December 1999 (San Martino V.C. and Cervinara), have been performed for model calibration purposes; some examples of analysis are briefly described. Possible applications of the method are: risk mapping, also based on a statistical approach; evaluating the effects of mitigation actions (e.g. stream deviations, topographic alterations, channelling, embankments, bridges, etc.) on flow development.

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Lombardi, Gaetano, Annamaria Colao, Diego Ferone, Francesca Sarnacchiaro, Paolo Marzullo, Antonella Di Sarno, Emanuela Rossi, and Bartolomeo Merola. "CV 205-502 treatment in therapy-resistant acromegalic patients." European Journal of Endocrinology 132, no. 5 (May 1995): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1320559.

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Lombardi G, Colao A, Ferone D, Sarnacchiaro F, Marzullo P, Di Sarno A, Rossi E, Merola B. CV 205-502 treatment in therapy-resistant acromegalic patients. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;132:559–64. ISSN 0804–4643 The growth hormone (GH) inhibitory effect of CV 205-502 was evaluated during acute and 3-month administration, alone or in combination with octreotide, in 12 therapy-resistant acromegalic patients. Although these patients previously had undergone surgery and received chronic therapy with octreotide at 0.3–0.6 mg/day, they still had high GH and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels. CV 205-502 (0.15 mg), octreotide (0.1 mg) and placebo were tested acutely. CV 205-502 at the dose of 0.15 mg caused a decrease of GH level (from 34.9 ± 15.1 to 2.7 ± 0.3 μg/l) in 4/12 (33.3%) and completely inhibited prolactin (PRL) secretion in all the patients. Octreotide caused a decrease of GH level (from 37 ± 6.7 to 15.9 ± 3.0 μg/l) without any change of PRL level. The GH and PRL levels were not changed during placebo administration. CV 205-502 at the dose of 0.3 mg/day (chronic test) normalized GH and IGF-I levels in five patients (41.6%: the four responders to the acute test and an additional patient who was a poor responder to acute CV 205-502 administration). The remaining seven patients were subjected to CV 205-502 (0.6 mg/day) and octreotide (0.6 mg/day) in combination for 3 months. In 2/7 patients the combined therapy induced a greater inhibition of GH and IGF-I levels than did each drug when administered alone. The drug was well-tolerated by the 12 patients. In conclusion, CV 205-502 is able to normalize GH and IGF-I levels and to improve clinical symptoms in certain acromegalic patients resistant to other therapeutic approaches. CV 205-502 can, therefore, be considered an effective alternative in the medical management of acromegaly when the first choices, surgery and octreotide, fail to resolve GH hypersecretion. Gaetano Lombardi, via G. Santacroce 40/a, 80129 Napoli, Italy

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Colao, Annamaria, Michele De Rosa, Francesca Sarnacchiaro, Antonella Di Sarno, Maria Luisa Landi, Emilia Iervolino, Stefano Zarrilli, Bartolomeo Merola, and Gaetano Lombardi. "Chronic treatment with CV 205-502 restores the gonadal function in hyperprolactinemic males." European Journal of Endocrinology 135, no. 5 (November 1996): 548–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1350548.

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Colao A, De Rosa M, Sarnacchiaro F, Di Sarno A, Landi ML, Iervolino E, Zarrilli S, Merola B, Lombardi G. Chronic treatment with CV 205-502 restores the gonadal function in hyperprolactinemic males. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;135:548–52. ISSN 0804–4643 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a chronic treatment with the non-ergot-derived dopamine agonist quinagolide (CV 205-502) on sexual and gonadal function in hyperprolactinemic males. Thirteen males with macroprolactinoma and one with microprolactinoma were treated with CV 205-502 at the dose of 0.15–0.6 mg/day for 6–24 months. Baseline prolactin (PRL) was 464 ± 75.7 μg/l. All the patients suffered from libido impairment, five of reduced sexual potency, six had infertility and in four bilateral induced galactorrhea was shown. The semen analysis revealed a severe oligoasthenospermia with reduced sperm count, motility and forward progression, with an abnormal morphology and decreased viability. A significant reduction of serum PRL levels (nadir PRL = 12.3 ± 5.4 μg/l) was obtained during the treatment. Normalization of prolactinemia was reached in 13 of the 14 patients after 3 months. After 1 year, a significant improvement of sperm parameters, in terms of increase of number (from 5600 ± 111 to 20 564 ± 587 mm3), motility at 1 h (from 24.8 ± 0.1 to 52.6 ± 0.5%), forward progression (from 24 ± 1.4 to 62.3 ± 2.9%) and normal morphology (from 53.8 ± 2.5 to 62.2 ± 2.4%), was recorded. In addition, a significant increase of serum follicle-stimulating hormone (from 5.3 ± 0.6 to 7.8 ± 0.4 U/l), luteinizing hormone (from 4.4 ± 0.5 to 7.7 ± 0.4 U/l) and testosterone (from 3.4 ± 0.4 to 4.7 ± 0.2 μg/l) was recorded. A significant increase of luteinizing hormone (9.4 ± 0.7 U/l) and testosterone (5.2 ± 0.4 μg/l), as well as a further improvement of sperm parameters, was found after 2 years of therapy. Sellar computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance showed a considerable shrinkage (⩾ 30%) of tumoral mass in 8 out of 13 patients with macroprolacinoma. Side effects were recorded in only one patient. In conclusion, the treatment with CV 205-502 normalizing PRL levels improves gonadal and sexual function and fertility in males with prolactinoma, providing good tolerability and excellent patient compliance to medical treatment. This result demonstrates that the impairment of gonadal function in hyperprolactinemic patients is a functional modification. Annamaria Colao, Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, "Federico II" University, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy

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Cuomo, Sabatino, Manuel Pastor, Leonardo Cascini, and Giuseppe Claudio Castorino. "Interplay of rheology and entrainment in debris avalanches: a numerical study." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 51, no. 11 (November 2014): 1318–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2013-0387.

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Flow-type landslides are a major global hazard. They occur worldwide, and are responsible for a large number of casualties, significant structural damage to property and infrastructure, and economic losses. The features of debris avalanches are particularly important, as they involve open slopes and affect triangular source areas when initial slides turn into avalanches through further failures or eventual soil entrainment. In this paper, the propagation stage of debris avalanches is numerically modelled to provide information such as the propagation pattern of the mobilized material and its velocity, thickness, and run-out distance. The use of a “depth-integrated” model has the following advantages: (i) it adequately accommodates the irregular topography of real slopes, which greatly affects the evolution of the propagation stage; and (ii) it is less time consuming than full three-dimensional approaches. The model is named “GeoFlow_SPH” and has previously been applied to theoretical, experimental, and real case histories. The behaviour of debris avalanches is analysed with particular attention to the apical angle, one of the main features of this type of landslide, in relation to soil rheology, hillslope geometry, and the geometric aspect ratio of the triggering area. The role of bed entrainment is also investigated with reference to differences in steepness of the uppermost parts of open slopes. First, simplified benchmark slopes are analysed using both water-like materials (with negligible shear strength) and debris-type materials (saturated frictional soil). Next, the paper addresses three important case studies from the Campania region of southern Italy (Cervinara, Nocera Inferiore, and Sarno), where debris avalanches occur in pyroclastic soils that originated from the eruptive products of the Mount Vesuvius volcano. In all of the cases analysed, the effects of erosion rate are compared with those of simulated soil propagation height, run-out distance, and velocity. In a novel contribution to the existing research, the results obtained from analysis of both the benchmark slopes and the real case histories indicate that landslide propagation depends on the interplay of rheology and bed entrainment. In particular, increased erosion growth rates correspond to shorter run-out distances, lower velocities, and larger propagation depths. It is further shown that erosion depth increases with either friction angle or the consolidation coefficient of pore-water pressure; the latter reduces bed entrainment but does not significantly affect the apical angle of debris avalanches. Globally, the results are particularly satisfactory because they indicate that the GeoFlow_SPH model is a suitable tool for the analysis and forecasting of debris avalanches.

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Pazzola, Michele, Giuseppe Massimo Vacca, Antonia Noce, Marta Porcedda, Maria Onnis, Nicola Manca, and Maria Luisa Dettori. "Exploring the Genotype at CSN3 Gene, Milk Composition, Coagulation and Cheese-Yield Traits of the Sardo-Modicana, an Autochthonous Cattle Breed from the Sardinia Region, Italy." Animals 10, no. 11 (October 30, 2020): 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10111995.

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The Sardo-Modicana is a local cattle breed from Sardinia, Italy. No information about its dairy potential is available in the literature. This study investigated the genotype at the CSN3 gene and milk traits of the Sardo-Modicana cattle breed. Fifty-four cows were sampled for DNA extraction and genotyping at the κ-casein gene locus, CSN3. Forty individual milk samples were analyzed for milk composition, milk coagulation properties and cheese yield (CY%). All the Sardo-Modicana cows were BB homozygotes at CSN3. Hence, the results were compared with the other two local Sardinian breeds. Eighty-three Sarda and 21 Sardo-Bruna cows were genotyped, and the A allele was found (at frequencies of 0.416 and 0.405, respectively). As regards milk traits, the mean protein value was 3.74 g/100 mL, and the mean casein value was 2.98 g/100 mL. Total bacterial and somatic cell counts showed excellent levels of hygiene considering the extensive farming and hand milking. In addition, milk produced by Sardo-Modicana cows was characterized by favorable values of coagulation properties and cheese yield. This information may represent a starting point for the conservation and enhancement of this breed.

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Zazzu, Claudia, Margherita Addis, Marco Caredda, Maria Francesca Scintu, Giovanni Piredda, and Gavino Sanna. "Biogenic Amines in Traditional Fiore Sardo PDO Sheep Cheese: Assessment, Validation and Application of an RP-HPLC-DAD-UV Method." Separations 6, no. 1 (February 19, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations6010011.

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This contribution aimed to measure for the first time the amount of biogenic amines (BAs) in one of the most ancient and traditional sheep cheese produced in Sardinia, Italy: the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) Fiore Sardo. To achieve this, an original RP-HPLC-DAD-UV method has been developed that was completely validated in terms of LoD, LoQ, linearity, precision and trueness, and tested on 36 real Fiore Sardo PDO cheese samples produced by four different cheesemakers and marketed by four stores. The average total concentration of the eight BAs (i.e., tyramine, tryptamine, histidine, putrescine, cadaverine, 2-phenylethylamine, spermine and spermidine) measured in Fiore Sardo cheese was 700 mg/kg, with a range between 170 mg/kg and 1,100 mg/kg. A great variability in the total amount of BAs has been evidenced among the Fiore Sardo marketed in the four stores as well as for the cheeses purchased in different times in the same store. Tyramine (350 mg/kg), putrescine (150 mg/kg), histamine (80 mg/kg) and cadaverine (30 mg/kg) are the most abundant BAs found in this matrix. Among the many factors concurring, the dominant microflora of Fiore Sardo PDO is likely the principal cause of the qualitative and quantitative distribution of BAs in this matrix. Finally, the total amount of BAs found in Fiore Sardo PDO is not able to cause any health alert situation for consumers.

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Cerruti, Elisa, Cinzia Comino, Alberto Acquadro, Gianpiero Marconi, Anna Maria Repetto, Anna Barbara Pisanu, Roberto Pilia, Emidio Albertini, and Ezio Portis. "Analysis of DNA Methylation Patterns Associated with In Vitro Propagated Globe Artichoke Plants Using an EpiRADseq-Based Approach." Genes 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10040263.

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Globe artichoke represents one of the main horticultural species of the Mediterranean basin, and ‘Spinoso sardo’ is the most widespread and economically relevant varietal type in Sardinia, Italy. In the last decades, in vitro culture of meristematic apices has increased the frequency of aberrant plants in open-field production. These off-type phenotypes showed highly pinnate-parted leaves and late inflorescence budding, and emerged from some branches of the true-to-type ‘Spinoso sardo’ plants. This phenomenon cannot be foreseen and is reversible through generations, suggesting the occurrence of epigenetic alterations. Here, we report an exploratory study on DNA methylation patterns in off-type/true-to-type globe artichoke plants, using a modified EpiRADseq technology, which allowed the identification of 2,897 differentially methylated loci (DML): 1,998 in CG, 458 in CHH, and 441 in CHG methylation contexts of which 720, 88, and 152, respectively, were in coding regions. Most of them appeared involved in primary metabolic processes, mostly linked to photosynthesis, regulation of flower development, and regulation of reproductive processes, coherently with the observed phenotype. Differences in the methylation status of some candidate genes were integrated with transcriptional analysis to test whether these two regulation levels might interplay in the emergence and spread of the ‘Spinoso sardo’ non-conventional phenotype.

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WARINGER, JOHANN, and HANS MALICKY. "The larvae of Rhyacophila rougemonti McLachlan 1880, Rhyacophila trifasciata Mosely 1930, Rhyacophila pallida Mosely 1930, and Rhyacophila tarda Giudicelli 1968 (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae), including a discriminatory matrix to the Rhyacophila larvae with tetrafilament abdominal gills from Italy and Corsica." Zootaxa 4526, no. 4 (December 3, 2018): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4526.4.5.

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This paper gives a description of the hitherto unknown or poorly known larvae of Rhyacophila rougemonti McLachlan 1880, R. trifasciata Mosely 1930, R. pallida Mosely 1930, and R. tarda Giudicelli 1968 (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae). Information on the morphology of the larvae is provided, and the most important diagnostic features are figured. This dataset is included in a discriminatory matrix of the Rhyacophila larvae with tetrafilament (i.e., four-filament) abdominal gills of Italy and Corsica described so far; only the species pair Rhyacophila pallida / R. tarda in Corsica remains unresolved. Larvae can be separated by the number of metathoracic gill filaments and anal proleg morphology, and by distribution patterns. Endemism is high in the species quartet described in the present paper: Rhyacophila pallida and R. trifasciata are Sardo-Corsican endemic species, R. tarda is restricted to Corsica, and R. rougemonti is a South-Apennine endemic species.

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