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Journal articles on the topic 'SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine'

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1

Sheibak, V. M., and M. V. Haretskaya. "DEVELOPMENT OF VACCINES FOR SARS-COV-2." Journal of the Grodno State Medical University 20, no. 1 (2022): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.25298/2221-8785-2022-20-1-5-12.

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Background. Currently, an active search for effective vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus continues. Purpose. To analyze the literature and assess the status of active vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2. Material and methods. We analyzed Russian and English language literature sources on the problem of finding an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Results. Structural proteins of the coronavirus have been analyzed as basic compounds for the development of vaccines. It was found that protein S is an ideal structure for creating vaccines that effectively induce the synthesis of neu
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2

Bretón I, Andrea, and Alejandro Afani S. "Vacunas SARS-CoV-2." Revista Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile 32, no. 2 (2021): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5354/2735-7996.2021.69660.

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Vaccines are biological products that stimulate the immune system to generate specific responses and immune memory. Faced with the magnitude of the problem caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, there is an urgent need to find an effective and safe preventive intervention. The race to find the ideal vaccine against this new coronavirus has required optimizing research times on this topic. Currently, more than 200 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates are in development, 177 in preclinical evaluation, 63 in clinical evaluation and 16 of them in phase 3 of clinical trials. In our country, 3 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine
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3

Bellamkonda, Navya, Upendra Pradeep Lambe, Sonali Sawant, Shyam Sundar Nandi, Chiranjib Chakraborty, and Deepak Shukla. "Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines." Biomedicines 10, no. 7 (2022): 1464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10071464.

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COVID-19 vaccines have been developed to confer immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Prior to the pandemic of COVID-19 which started in March 2020, there was a well-established understanding about the structure and pathogenesis of previously known Coronaviruses from the SARS and MERS outbreaks. In addition to this, vaccines for various Coronaviruses were available for veterinary use. This knowledge supported the creation of various vaccine platforms for SARS-CoV-2. Before COVID-19 there are no reports of a vaccine being developed in under a year and no vaccine for preventing coronavirus
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4

Ebrahim, Fawzi, Salah Tabal, Yosra Lamami, et al. "Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies Post-COVID-19 or Post-Vaccination in Libyan Population: Comparison of Four Vaccines." Vaccines 10, no. 12 (2022): 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10122002.

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Measurement of strength and durability of SARS-COV-2 antibody response is important to understand the waning dynamics of immune response to both vaccines and infection. The study aimed to evaluate the level of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and their persistence in recovered, naïve, and vaccinated individuals. We investigated anti-spike RBD IgG antibody responses in 10,000 individuals, both following infection with SARS-CoV-2 and immunization with SARS-COV-2 AstraZeneca, Sputnik V, Sinopharm, and Sinovac. The mean levels of anti-spike IgG antibodies were higher in vaccinated participants wi
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5

ISI-SENAI-CIMATEC Group and Development and Innovation Laboratory of Butantan Institute. "Vaccines’ Candidates Against SARS-CoV-2." JOURNAL OF BIOENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO HEALTH 3, no. 2 (2020): 249–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34178/jbth.v3i2.126.

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Scientists, health organizations, and pharmaceutical companies are making a large global effort to develop vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, the virus of COVID-19 since the outbreak began. Until now, we have more than 150 candidates. However, 19 vaccine candidates have entered clinical trials in phase 2 and 3 trials (31 July 2020). In this article we aimed to present the platforms for COVID-19 vaccine, the types of vaccines (live, attenuated, inactivated, DNA/RNA, proteins subunits, viral vector), the antigen selection, adjuvants, and we focused on the phase 2/3 trial vaccines at this point (Sinoph
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6

Geng, Qibin, Wanbo Tai, Victoria K. Baxter, et al. "Novel virus-like nanoparticle vaccine effectively protects animal model from SARS-CoV-2 infection." PLOS Pathogens 17, no. 9 (2021): e1009897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009897.

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The key to battling the COVID-19 pandemic and its potential aftermath is to develop a variety of vaccines that are efficacious and safe, elicit lasting immunity, and cover a range of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Recombinant viral receptor-binding domains (RBDs) are safe vaccine candidates but often have limited efficacy due to the lack of virus-like immunogen display pattern. Here we have developed a novel virus-like nanoparticle (VLP) vaccine that displays 120 copies of SARS-CoV-2 RBD on its surface. This VLP-RBD vaccine mimics virus-based vaccines in immunogen display, which boosts its efficacy, whi
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7

Walker, Karrie. "SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine." Global Reproductive Health 5, no. 3 (2020): e42-e42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/grh.0000000000000042.

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8

Zhang, Qiong, Shashi Tiwari, Jing Wen, et al. "Induction of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants by a multivalent mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccine encoding SARS-CoV-2/SARS-CoV Spike protein receptor-binding domains in mice." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (2024): e0300524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0300524.

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To address the need for multivalent vaccines against Coronaviridae that can be rapidly developed and manufactured, we compared antibody responses against SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and several variants of concern in mice immunized with mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccines encoding homodimers or heterodimers of SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domains. All vaccine constructs induced robust anti-RBD antibody responses, and the heterodimeric vaccine elicited an IgG response capable of cross-neutralizing SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1, B.1.351 (beta), and B.1.617.2 (delta) variants.
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9

Hou, Xu-Chen, Hui-Fang Xu, Yang Liu, et al. "A Vaccine with Multiple Receptor-Binding Domain Subunit Mutations Induces Broad-Spectrum Immune Response against SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern." Vaccines 10, no. 10 (2022): 1653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101653.

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With the emergence of more variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the immune evasion of these variants from existing vaccines, the development of broad-spectrum vaccines is urgently needed. In this study, we designed a novel SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) subunit (RBD5m) by integrating five important mutations from SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). The neutralization activities of antibodies induced by the RBD5m candidate vaccine are more balanced and effective for neutralizing different SARS-CoV-2 VOCs in comparison with those induced by th
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10

Thomas, Whitney, Adam Albano, Dean Kirkel, Nason Rouhizad, and Folasade Arinze. "Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura following Administration of mRNA-Based SARS-CoV-2 and MMR Vaccinations: A Cautionary Tale." Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2021 (October 9, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2704249.

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We report a case of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in an otherwise healthy 31-year-old man following coadministration of the live measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine with the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The patient was hospitalized briefly and treated for ITP with glucocorticoids, IVIG, and platelet transfusion. Although our patient’s clinical presentation and subsequent course are similar to those of other cases of ITP in association with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, to our knowledge, this is the first reported case of ITP following MMR and mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine coadmin
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11

Evans, John P., and Shan-Lu Liu. "Challenges and Prospects in Developing Future SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Overcoming Original Antigenic Sin and Inducing Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies." Journal of Immunology 211, no. 10 (2023): 1459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.2300315.

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Abstract The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic led to the development of several effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. However, waning vaccine efficacy as well as the antigenic drift of SARS-CoV-2 variants has diminished vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection and may threaten public health. Increasing interest has been given to the development of a next generation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines with increased breadth and effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this Brief Review, we discuss recent work on the development of these next-generation vaccines and on the nature of the immune response t
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12

Zeedan, Gamil S. G., Abeer M. Abdalhamed, Amel M. Naguib, Said I. A. Shalaby, Mona A. M. Awad, and Mervat I. Abd El Moniem. "An Overview of Adenovirus Vector-based Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2." World's Veterinary Journal 13 (March 25, 2023): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54203/scil.2023.wvj2.

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Adenovirus vectors have been employed to develop a vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) for curtailing the Covid-19 pandemic spreading. Many different viral vectors have been mainly targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein as an antigen. Spike (S) protein is comprised of S1 and S2 subunits, in which the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of S1 is responsible for recognizing and engaging with its host cellular receptor protein angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), S2 accounts for membrane fusion of virus and host cell. Chimpanzee adenovirus was also used a
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13

Sundaram, Appavu K., Daniel Ewing, Zhaodong Liang, et al. "Immunogenicity of Adjuvanted Psoralen-Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein DNA Vaccines in BALB/c Mice." Pathogens 10, no. 5 (2021): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10050626.

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The development of a safe and effective vaccine to protect against COVID-19 is a global priority due to the current high SARS-CoV-2 infection rate. Currently, there are over 160 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates at the clinical or pre-clinical stages of development. Of these, there are only three whole-virus vaccine candidates produced using β-propiolactone or formalin inactivation. Here, we prepared a whole-virus SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (SARS-CoV-2 PsIV) using a novel psoralen inactivation method and evaluated its immunogenicity in mice using two different adjuvants, alum and Advax-2. We compared the
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14

Sanders, John W., Daniel Ewing, Appavu K. Sundaram, et al. "Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of Psoralen-Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Nonhuman Primates." Vaccines 12, no. 5 (2024): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050451.

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COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has significantly impacted public health and the economy worldwide. Most of the currently licensed COVID-19 vaccines act by inhibiting the receptor-binding function of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The constant emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants resulting from mutations in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) leads to vaccine immune evasion and underscores the importance of broadly acting COVID-19 vaccines. Inactivated whole virus vaccines can elicit broader immune responses to multiple epitopes of several antigens and
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15

Julia, San Miguel Rodríguez, Rodríguez Barbero Julita, San Miguel Hernández Angel, San Miguel Rodríguez Angel, and San Miguel Rodríguez María. "Vaccines against SARS-COV-2." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 8, no. 2 (2021): 045–57. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5195600.

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Vaccines against Covid-19 were developed on the basis of protein S, before it had the mutations identified in these variants. Although research conducted so far is less effective against variants and continues to offer protection against severe forms of Covid-19, further research is ongoing. WHO is working with every country in the world to help coordinate the key stages of this vaccine manufacturing and development process. In particular, to facilitate equitable access for all countries to vaccines against Covid-19 and that they are safe and effective for the billions of people who need them.
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16

Dénes, Béla, Ryan N. Fuller, Wayne Kelin, et al. "A CTB-SARS-CoV-2-ACE-2 RBD Mucosal Vaccine Protects Against Coronavirus Infection." Vaccines 11, no. 12 (2023): 1865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11121865.

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Mucosal vaccines protect against respiratory virus infection by stimulating the production of IgA antibodies that protect against virus invasion of the mucosal epithelium. In this study, a novel protein subunit mucosal vaccine was constructed for protection against infection by the beta coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The vaccine was assembled by linking a gene encoding the SARS-CoV-2 virus S1 angiotensin converting enzyme receptor binding domain (ACE-2-RBD) downstream from a DNA fragment encoding the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), a mucosal adjuvant known to stimulate vaccine immunogenicity. A 42 kDa
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17

Seo, Sang Heui, and Yunyueng Jang. "Cold-Adapted Live Attenuated SARS-Cov-2 Vaccine Completely Protects Human ACE2 Transgenic Mice from SARS-Cov-2 Infection." Vaccines 8, no. 4 (2020): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040584.

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A safe and effective vaccine that can provide herd immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is urgently needed to stop the spread of this virus among humans. Many human viral vaccines are live, attenuated forms of viruses that elicit humoral and cellular immunity. Here, we describe a cold-adapted live-attenuated vaccine (SARS-CoV-2/human/Korea/CNUHV03-CA22 °C/2020) developed by gradually adapting the growth of SARS-CoV-2 from 37 °C to 22 °C in Vero cells. This vaccine can be potentially administered to humans as a nasal spray. Its single dose strongly induced
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18

Stafford, Lauren Stewart, Vivian Valcarce Luaces, Joseph Neu, et al. "Effect of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine on the breastmilk antibody response among lactating healthcare workers." Journal of Immunology 206, no. 1_Supplement (2021): 30.15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.30.15.

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Abstract In 2019, a deadly virus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for COVID-19, emerged. Two mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines were approved for use in December 2020 in the US and have begun providing immunity to those receiving the vaccination. Certain vaccines given to pregnant and lactating mothers provide immunity to infants through transmission across the placenta and umbilical cord (IgG) and breast milk (IgA). Breastmilk produced by mothers with a history of COVID-19 infection has found to be a source of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG. This study
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19

Shen, Ching-Ju, Yen-Pin Lin, Shu-Yu Hu, et al. "Pilot Study for Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine with Seasonal Influenza and Pertussis Vaccines in Pregnant Women." Vaccines 11, no. 1 (2023): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010119.

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Background: It is well known that the implementation of routine immunizations to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases has a significant impact on the health and well-being of infants, children, and pregnant women. We aimed to evaluate the influence of influenza, tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine on the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among pregnant women, the priority population recommended for vaccination. Methods: We conducted a prospective study among pregnant women without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in Taiwan. Maternal and umbilical c
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20

Lu, Baojing, Ling Tao, Ting Wang, et al. "Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses Induced by 3a DNA Vaccines against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) or SARS-Like Coronavirus in Mice." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 16, no. 1 (2008): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00261-08.

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ABSTRACT Vaccine development for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) has mainly focused on the spike (S) protein. However, the variation of the S gene between viruses may affect the efficacy of a vaccine, particularly for cross-protection against SARS-like CoV (SL-CoV). Recently, a more conserved group-specific open reading frame (ORF), the 3a gene, was found in both SARS-CoV and SL-CoV. Here, we studied the immunogenicity of human SARS-CoV 3a and bat SL-CoV 3a DNA vaccines in mice through electroporation immunization followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent, enzyme-linked
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21

Liu, Ying, and Qing Ye. "Nucleic Acid Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2." Vaccines 10, no. 11 (2022): 1849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111849.

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide and imposed a substantial burden on human health, the environment, and socioeconomic development, which has also accelerated the process of nucleic acid vaccine development and licensure. Nucleic acid vaccines are viral genetic sequence-based vaccines and third-generation vaccines after whole virus vaccines and recombinant subunit vaccines, including DNA vaccines and RNA vaccines. They have many unique advantages, but there are many aspects that require optimization. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss the research an
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22

Floriam, Krammer, and Joabis Martins. "SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in development." SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in development 586, no. 516 (2020): 527. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10899652.

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in late 2019 in China and is the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic. To mitigate the effects of the virus on public health, theeconomy and society, a vaccine is urgently needed. Here I review the development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Development was initiated when the genetic sequence of the virus became available in early January 2020, and has moved at an unprecedented speed: a phase I trial started in March 2020 and there are currently more than 180 v
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23

Qiao, Rui, Jiayan Li, Jiami Gong, et al. "Evolving SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: From Current Solutions to Broad-Spectrum Protection." Vaccines 13, no. 6 (2025): 635. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13060635.

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The continuous evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) underscore the critical role of vaccination in pandemic control. These mutations not only enhance viral infectivity but also facilitate immune evasion and diminish vaccine efficacy, necessitating ongoing surveillance and vaccine adaptation. Current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, including inactivated, live-attenuated, viral vector, protein subunit, virus-like particle, and nucleic acid vaccines, face challenges due to the immune evasion strategies of emerging variants.
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24

Azad, Taha, Ragunath Singaravelu, Mathieu J. F. Crupi, et al. "Implications for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Design: Fusion of Spike Glycoprotein Transmembrane Domain to Receptor-Binding Domain Induces Trimerization." Membranes 10, no. 9 (2020): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10090215.

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The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic presents an urgent need for an effective vaccine. Molecular characterization of SARS-CoV-2 is critical to the development of effective vaccine and therapeutic strategies. In the present study, we show that the fusion of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain to its transmembrane domain is sufficient to mediate trimerization. Our findings may have implications for vaccine development and therapeutic drug design strategies targeting spike trimerization. As global efforts for developing SARS-CoV-2 vacc
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25

Julia San Miguel Rodríguez, Julita Rodríguez Barbero, Angel San Miguel Hernández, Angel San Miguel Rodríguez, and María San Miguel Rodríguez. "Vaccines against SARS-COV-2." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 8, no. 2 (2021): 045–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.8.2.0143.

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Vaccines against Covid-19 were developed on the basis of protein S, before it had the mutations identified in these variants. Although research conducted so far is less effective against variants and continues to offer protection against severe forms of Covid-19, further research is ongoing. WHO is working with every country in the world to help coordinate the key stages of this vaccine manufacturing and development process. In particular, to facilitate equitable access for all countries to vaccines against Covid-19 and that they are safe and effective for the billions of people who need them.
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26

Goel, Rishi R., Sokratis A. Apostolidis, Mark M. Painter, et al. "Distinct antibody and memory B cell responses in SARS-CoV-2 naïve and recovered individuals following mRNA vaccination." Science Immunology 6, no. 58 (2021): eabi6950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.abi6950.

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Novel mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 have been authorized for emergency use. Despite their efficacy in clinical trials, data on mRNA vaccine-induced immune responses are mostly limited to serological analyses. Here, we interrogated antibody and antigen-specific memory B cells over time in 33 SARS-CoV-2 naïve and 11 SARS-CoV-2 recovered subjects. SARS-CoV-2 naïve individuals required both vaccine doses for optimal increases in antibodies, particularly for neutralizing titers against the B.1.351 variant. Memory B cells specific for full-length spike protein and the spike receptor binding domain (R
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27

Bijukchhe, Sanjeev M., Peter J. O'Reilly, Katherine Theiss-Nyland, et al. "COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness and variants in Nepal: study protocol for a test-negative case–control study with SARS-CoV-2 genetic sequencing." BMJ Open 13, no. 4 (2023): e068334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068334.

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IntroductionInactivated, viral vector and mRNA vaccines have been used in the Nepali COVID-19 vaccination programme but there is little evidence on the effectiveness of these vaccines in this setting. The aim of this study is to describe COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in Nepal and provide information on infections with SARS-CoV-2 variants.Methods and analysisThis is a hospital-based, prospective test-negative case–control study conducted at Patan Hospital, Kathmandu. All patients >18 years of age presenting to Patan Hospital with COVID-19-like symptoms who have received a COVID-19 antigen/P
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28

Head, Katharine J., Monica L. Kasting, Lynne A. Sturm, Jane A. Hartsock, and Gregory D. Zimet. "A National Survey Assessing SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Intentions: Implications for Future Public Health Communication Efforts." Science Communication 42, no. 5 (2020): 698–723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1075547020960463.

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With SARS-CoV-2 vaccines under development, research is needed to assess intention to vaccinate. We conducted a survey ( N = 3,159) with U.S. adults in May 2020 assessing SARS-CoV-2 vaccine intentions, intentions with a provider recommendation, and sociodemographic and psychosocial variables. Participants had high SARS-CoV-2 vaccine intentions ( M = 5.23/7-point scale), which increased significantly with a provider recommendation ( M = 5.47). Hierarchical linear regression showed that less education and working in health care were associated with lower intent, and liberal political views, altr
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Earar, Kamel, Vania Atudorei, Isteqlal Sami Nazmi Mahmoud, et al. "COVID-19 Vaccine: A Global Race." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 6 (2020): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.6.8199.

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The emergence of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, at the end of 2019, triggered the worst pandemic of the last century, called COVID-19. Unlike SARS-CoV-1, which developed as an epidemic in 1996 but was limited to Asia, the new SARS -CoV-2 spread rapidly to millions of people worldwide, with a high mortality rate. Deciphering the structure of the viral S and SARS-CoV genome-2 allowed the identification of targets for vaccination, the most important being the viral protein S. The development of -COVID-19 vaccines is based on use innovative biotechnologies, some even experimental. Experience in v
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30

Kotarya, Bharti, Abhishek Pandeya, Raj Kumar Khalko, et al. "PROSPECTS OF SARS-CoV-2 VACCINES AND THEIR LANDSCAPE." Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 8, Spl-1-SARS-CoV-2 (2020): S246—S263. http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2020.8(spl-1-sars-cov-2).s246.s263.

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus -2 (SARS-CoV-2), puzzled the whole world with its diverse, unique clinical spectrum, and unprecedented transmission dynamics. The disease caused by this virus is named as Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), reported first time in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. It had spread to almost all countries of the world disrupting the health and economy of many countries. It was the recent zoonotic spillover disease reported in humans from the Coronavirus group, without proper medicine and non-existence of prior immunity, this disease posed a challenge to b
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Veljkovic, Veljko, Vladimir Perovic, and Slobodan Paessler. "Prediction of the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine candidates." F1000Research 9 (May 14, 2020): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.23865.1.

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A safe and effective vaccine is urgently needed to bring the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic under control. The spike protein (SP) of SARS-CoV-2 represents the principal target for most vaccines currently under development. This protein is highly conserved indicating that vaccine based on this antigen will be efficient against all currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains. The present analysis of SP suggests that mutation D614G could significantly decrease the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine through modulation of the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and its principal receptor ACE2.
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Waickman, Adam T., Joseph Lu, Corey Chase, et al. "Systemic Cancer Therapy Does Not Significantly Impact Early Vaccine-Elicited SARS-CoV-2 Immunity in Patients with Solid Tumors." Vaccines 10, no. 5 (2022): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050738.

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mRNA vaccines have been shown to be safe and effective in individuals with cancer. It is unclear, however, if systemic anti-cancer therapy impacts the coordinated cellular and humoral immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. To fill this knowledge gap, we assessed SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine-elicited immunity in a cohort of patients with advanced solid tumors either under observation or receiving systemic anti-cancer therapy. This analysis revealed that SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine-elicited cellular and humoral immunity was not significantly different in individuals with cancer receiving
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Said, Elias A., Afnan Al-Rubkhi, Sanjay Jaju, et al. "Association of the Magnitude of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Side Effects with Sex, Allergy History, Chronic Diseases, Medication Intake, and SARS-CoV-2 Infection." Vaccines 12, no. 1 (2024): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12010104.

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Vaccination provides the best protection against the increasing infections of SARS-CoV-2. The magnitude and type of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine side effects (SEs) depend on parameters that are not fully understood. In this cross-sectional study, the associations between different anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine SEs and age, sex, the presence of chronic diseases, medication intake, history of allergies, and infections with SARS-CoV-2 were investigated. Our survey used the Google platform and had 866 participants, contacted through e-mails, social media and chain referral sampling (margin of error ≈ 4.38%,
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Cheng, Cheng, Jeffrey C. Boyington, Edward K. Sarfo, et al. "Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immune Responses to Lumazine Synthase 60-mer Nanoparticle SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines." Vaccines 13, no. 8 (2025): 780. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13080780.

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Background: Vaccines that stimulate systemic and mucosal immunity to a level required to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission are an unmet need. Highly protective hepatitis B and human papillomavirus nanoparticle vaccines highlight the potential of multivalent nanoparticle vaccine platforms to provide enhanced immunity. Here, we report the construction and characterization of self-assembling 60-subunit icosahedral nanoparticle SARS-CoV-2 vaccines using the bacterial enzyme lumazine synthase (LuS). Methods and Results: Nanoparticles displaying prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike ecto
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Bommireddy, Ramireddy, Shannon Stone, Noopur Bhatnagar, et al. "Influenza Virus-like Particle-Based Hybrid Vaccine Containing RBD Induces Immunity against Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 Viruses." Vaccines 10, no. 6 (2022): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10060944.

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Several approaches have produced an effective vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since millions of people are exposed to influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2, it is of great interest to develop a two-in-one vaccine that will be able to protect against infection of both viruses. We have developed a hybrid vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses using influenza virus-like particles (VLP) incorporated by protein transfer with glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored SARS-CoV-2 RBD fused to GM-CSF as an adjuvant. GPI-RBD-GM-CSF fusion protein was expres
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Hong, So-Hee, Hanseul Oh, Yong Wook Park, et al. "Immunization with RBD-P2 and N protects against SARS-CoV-2 in nonhuman primates." Science Advances 7, no. 22 (2021): eabg7156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg7156.

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Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), various vaccines are being developed, with most vaccine candidates focusing on the viral spike protein. Here, we developed a previously unknown subunit vaccine comprising the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein fused with the tetanus toxoid epitope P2 (RBD-P2) and tested its efficacy in rodents and nonhuman primates (NHPs). We also investigated whether the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N) could increase vaccine efficacy. Immunization with N and RBD-P2 (RBDP2/N) + alum increased T cell respons
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Bommireddy, Ramireddy, Shannon Stone, Noopur Bhatnagar, et al. "Influenza virus-like particle-based hybrid vaccine containing RBD induces immunity against influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses." Journal of Immunology 208, no. 1_Supplement (2022): 64.01. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.64.01.

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Abstract Several approaches have produced an effective vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the influence of immunity against other vaccinations on the durability and efficacy of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 is still unknown in settings where vaccines against other viruses need to be administered simultaneously. This will be an important factor in developing multivalent vaccines against seasonal viruses. We have developed a hybrid vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses using influenza virus-like particles (VLP) incorporated with
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Wiest, Nathaniel E., Gretchen S. Johns, and Eric Edwards. "A Case of Acute Pulmonary Embolus after mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Immunization." Vaccines 9, no. 8 (2021): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080903.

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Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a critical strategy to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic. Multiple SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been developed in a rapid timeframe to combat the pandemic. While generally safe and effective, rare cases of venous thromboembolism (VTE) have been reported after two adenovirus-based vaccines, the AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine and the Janssen Ad.26.COV2.S vaccine, as well as after the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Here, we present the case of a pa
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Veljkovic, Veljko, Vladimir Perovic, Isabelle Chambers, and Slobodan Paessler. "Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 virus and assessment of the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine." F1000Research 10 (January 18, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.28215.1.

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A safe and effective vaccine is urgently needed to bring the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic under control. The spike protein (SP) of SARS-CoV-2 represents the principal target for most vaccines currently under development. Despite the presence of a CoV proof-reading function in viral replication, SP protein from SARS-CoV still extensively mutates, which might have an impact on current and future vaccine development. Here, we present analysis of more than 1600 SP unique variants suggesting that vaccine candidates based on the Wuhan-Hu-1 reference strain would be effective against most of currently
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Satoru, Nakamura Kawatana Medical Center Japan. "Current Research Status of SARS-CoV-2 as a Pathogen of COVID-19." Journal of Health and Medical Sciences 3, no. 2 (2020): 184. https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1994.03.02.113.

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COVID-19 was first identified in an outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. COVID-19 is defined as Corona Virus Infectious Disease 2019, and it’s caused by SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)-CoV (coronavirus)-2. This article shows the current research status on SARS-CoV-2.
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Currier, Arthur W., Madeline C. Jeshurin, and Valerie B. Sampson. "SARS-CoV-2 Targets and COVID-19 Vaccines." COVID 1, no. 3 (2021): 608–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/covid1030051.

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Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are being used across the globe to reduce the risk of developing COVID-19, stop the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and end the pandemic. To address this, a massive global effort is underway for development of COVID-19 vaccines. As of September 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) has documented 331 COVID-19 vaccine candidates, and 107 are in clinical evaluation, with 8 in Phase IV and 30 in Phase III clinical trials (WHO; COVID-19 vaccine tracker). At least 13 different vaccines are being issued fo
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Clever, Sabrina, Leonard Limpinsel, Christian Meyer zu Natrup, et al. "Single MVA-SARS-2-ST/N Vaccination Rapidly Protects K18-hACE2 Mice against a Lethal SARS-CoV-2 Challenge Infection." Viruses 16, no. 3 (2024): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v16030417.

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The sudden emergence of SARS-CoV-2 demonstrates the need for new vaccines that rapidly protect in the case of an emergency. In this study, we developed a recombinant MVA vaccine co-expressing SARS-CoV-2 prefusion-stabilized spike protein (ST) and SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein (N, MVA-SARS-2-ST/N) as an approach to further improve vaccine-induced immunogenicity and efficacy. Single MVA-SARS-2-ST/N vaccination in K18-hACE2 mice induced robust protection against lethal respiratory SARS-CoV-2 challenge infection 28 days later. The protective outcome of MVA-SARS-2-ST/N vaccination correlated with the ac
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Xu, Kangwei, Jing Li, Xu Lu, et al. "The Immunogenicity of CpG, MF59-like, and Alum Adjuvant Delta Strain Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Mice." Vaccines 12, no. 1 (2024): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12010060.

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The continuous evolution and mutation of SARS-CoV-2 have highlighted the need for more effective vaccines. In this study, CpG, MF59-like, and Alum adjuvant Delta strain inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were prepared, and the immunogenicity of these vaccines in mice was evaluated. The Delta + MF59-like vaccine group produced the highest levels of S- and RBD-binding antibodies and live Delta virus neutralization levels after one shot of immunization, while mice in the Delta + Alum vaccine group had the highest levels of these antibodies after two doses, and the Delta + MF59-like and Delta + Alum
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Cao, Han, Shengran Yang, Yunfei Wang, et al. "An Established Th2-Oriented Response to an Alum-Adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 Subunit Vaccine Is Not Reversible by Sequential Immunization with Nucleic Acid-Adjuvanted Th1-Oriented Subunit Vaccines." Vaccines 9, no. 11 (2021): 1261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111261.

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A recently reported parallel preclinical study between a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccine and an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine adjuvanted with alum showed pulmonary immunopathology typical of eosinophil accumulation in a mouse pneumonia model for the latter, which implied a potential role of cellular immunity in the difference in the protection rate between these two forms of vaccines. For those who have been vaccinated with alum-adjuvanted subunit or inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, whether the Th2 responses that have been established and the absence
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Enticott, Joanne, Jaskirath Singh Gill, Simon L. Bacon, et al. "Attitudes towards vaccines and intention to vaccinate against COVID-19: a cross-sectional analysis—implications for public health communications in Australia." BMJ Open 12, no. 1 (2022): e057127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057127.

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ObjectiveTo examine SARS-CoV-2 vaccine confidence, attitudes and intentions in Australian adults as part of the iCARE Study.Design and settingCross-sectional online survey conducted when free COVID-19 vaccinations first became available in Australia in February 2021.ParticipantsTotal of 1166 Australians from general population aged 18–90 years (mean 52, SD of 19).Main outcome measuresPrimary outcome: responses to question ‘If a vaccine for COVID-19 were available today, what is the likelihood that you would get vaccinated?’.Secondary outcome: analyses of putative drivers of uptake, including v
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Heo, Chang-Kyu, Won-Hee Lim, Ki-Beom Moon, et al. "S2 Peptide-Conjugated SARS-CoV-2 Virus-like Particles Provide Broad Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern." Vaccines 12, no. 6 (2024): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12060676.

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Approved COVID-19 vaccines primarily induce neutralizing antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. However, the emergence of variants of concern with RBD mutations poses challenges to vaccine efficacy. This study aimed to design a next-generation vaccine that provides broader protection against diverse coronaviruses, focusing on glycan-free S2 peptides as vaccine candidates to overcome the low immunogenicity of the S2 domain due to the N-linked glycans on the S antigen stalk, which can mask S2 antibody responses. Glycan-free S2 peptides were sy
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Samaranayake, Lakshman. "Current COVID-19 vaccine epidemiology and dentistry." Dental Update 48, no. 10 (2021): 881–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denu.2021.48.10.881.

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine story is continuously unfolding. Since our previous COVID-19 commentaries, much new information has transpired on the subject, and here we revisit this topic, which has practical implications for all stakeholders in dentistry, as well as the public. This article, on current vaccine epidemiology, provides an account of why vaccines fail in general, and the particular concerns in relation to the new Delta variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and related ‘variants of concern’. Issues related to vaccine failure are
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Houston, Stephanie. "SARS-CoV-2 mucosal vaccine." Nature Immunology 24, no. 1 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41590-022-01405-w.

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Oğuz, Seda Hanife, Süleyman Nahit Şendur, Burçin Gönül İremli, Alper Gürlek, Tomris Erbas, and Uğur Ünlütürk. "SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine–induced Thyroiditis: Safety of Revaccinations and Clinical Follow-up." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 107, no. 5 (2022): e1823-e1834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgac049.

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Abstract Context The number of reported cases with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine–induced subacute thyroiditis (SAT) and Graves’ disease (GD) is growing. However, active debate continues about managing such side effects and the safety of repeat or booster doses of the vaccines in such cases. Objectives This study aims to present long-term clinical follow-up of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine–induced SAT or GD cases and provide data regarding the safety of revaccinations. Methods Patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine–induced SAT or GD were included. Data regarding
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Dangi, Tanushree, Nicole M. Palacio, Sarah Sanchez, and Pablo Penaloza-MacMaster. "Characterization of cross-reactive immunity following coronavirus vaccination or natural infection." Journal of Immunology 206, no. 1_Supplement (2021): 103.13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.103.13.

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Abstract SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 100 million people worldwide. Several vaccine candidates have been deployed under emergency use authorization, but it is unclear whether a coronavirus (CoV) vaccine can protect against other CoV. To investigate this proof-of-concept, we evaluated cross-reactive immunity following vaccination with a modified vaccinia Ankara expressing SARS-CoV-1 spike protein. We first vaccinated C57BL/6 mice intramuscularly and then measured heterologous antibodies (SARS-CoV-2, OC43 and mouse hepatitis virus, MHV) by ELISA. Interestingly, the SARS-CoV-1 vaccine elicit
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