Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sartre, Jean-Paul (1905-1980). La nausée – Critique et interprétation'
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Vandelli, Ernesto. "Sartre e Pirandello." Université Stendhal (Grenoble), 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE39020.
Full textKarkaba, Fatiha. "Discontinuité et phénomènes de rupture dans La Nausée de J.P. Sartre. Approche énonciative." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030085.
Full textOur interest in the phenomenon of typographical disconnection was sparked by the use of final periods to organize propositions without verbal structure in the novel Nausea. Logical syntax was inadequate to accunt for their predicative value. We found that the principle of enunciation gives these sentenses a semantic and enunciative basic. This work has tried to solve the problem of verbless predication based on text analysis as well as on historical research
Tirvaudey, Robert. "Le concept de l'angoisse dans la pensée de Martin Heidegger." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040278.
Full textAbdellaoui, Amor. "Altérité et corporéité dans l'oeuvre de Jean-Paul Sartre." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE2025.
Full textThis thesis is the study of the two major topics of Sartre's work: otherness and corporeity. The first part is devoted to Sartre’s refutation of solipsism in The Transcendence of the ego and Being and Nothingness and to his critique of Heidegger's notion of Mitsein and Huserl's notion of intersubjectivity. In the second part we have tried to show that the notion of otherness appears already in the young Sartre, in his short stories and novels which are the proof of his interest for individualism and the theory of “the man alone”. Afterwards we have brought to light the major turn of his thought in 1943 with his ontological analyses of the notion of the look and being-for-others which lead to the description of a negative dimension and fight between consciousnesses. The third part deals with the notion of corporeity and concrete behaviours towards others in his phenomenological ontology. The question in this part is to analyse the three ontological dimensions of corporeity: body-for-oneself, body-for-others and alienated body. In our last part we have followed the evolution of Sartre's thought since the beginning of the Second World War which is characterised by the appearance of the notion of inter-subjectivity and morals of solidarity in his 1945 lecture and his Notebooks on morals
Vassallo, Sara. "Imaginaire et biographie dans l'oeuvre de Jean Paul Sartre." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10083.
Full textThe aim of this study is to elucidate, through the multifarious works of j. P. Sartre - biographies, philosophical or critical essays, novels - a "textual subject" which is thinking its own relation to the act of writing. By this approach, which calls in question the idea of an empirical self, we can point out a subject which breaks itself out from nature and life (as it is the mainfunction of the sartrian "imaginary), replaces the "flesh" by a "style", and actual death by an "inward death" or "false death". That subject, the existential project of which j. P. Sartre describes as a "desire of being", is the very subject of the biographies and of les mots. So, the verb "to be", beyond the sense it accepts as opposed to the notion of "existence", becomes a special significant linked, according to the contexts, with the phantasm of unbroken totality, with the beautiful, with the symbolic abolishing of sexual difference, with a new consistency ("thickening") of language, materialized by writing. The "textual subject" which becomes patent throughout this process does not obliterate the contents of j. P. Sartre's ethics, which in the contrary comes up more strength. For the "conversion" according to j. P. Sartre, rises from the dead-lock of the desire of being, and cannot be connected with the corpus independently of an unremitting attempt to the absolute act, which the subject cannot effect, but only admit as being broken by alterity
Labidi, Najet. "La dramaturgie existentielle de jean-paul sartre." Toulouse 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU20056.
Full textThe existential dramaturgy is in heebing with the author's life in various situations, there is his definition of theatre "if it is true a man is free in a given situation and that he chooses himself in and by this situation, then easy and human situations and freedoms that are choosen in these situations must be shown in theatre plays". During the second world war there was a favorable "situation" wich gave bariona which was realised in a german stalag. Beyond the resistance message, it treats of social and universal aspects. This play is above all the birth of a theatrical vocation and the outline of a path to freedom. Les mouches in the middle of the war wants to be a call for "remorse extirpation" remorse driven in by occupying nazi and vichy government. Oreste, the hero, wants to win his freedom by hiding it under good patriotic intentions. Refusing power, oreste corresponds to the individualistic and anarchist intellectual sartre was. Les mains sales starts an inprovement, the hero, hugo, thinks the struggle for fredom as a collective entreprise and engages in communist party. Being a deeply idealistic intellectual, he fails. Le diable et le bon dieu wants to be the following. The protagonist looks for "absolute" in "evil" and "good" but both of the two entreprises fail. The end of the play shows a clear progression of the hero (and of the author himself) towards reality. Goetz joining the peasants adopts praxis morality and forgets utopian. The author's adhesion to reality turns into interest for history, as shown in les sequestres d'altona as transcendence, tragedy. At last, sartre's personnal path is never expressionism. The author has always tried to objectify himself in a precise situation by going beyond it to universal reality
Kim, Huilin. "Le langage dramatique de Jean-Paul Sartre." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF20011.
Full textThis essay on "the dramatic language of J. -P. Sartre" is based on the twofold preoccupation. Whereas Sartre's plays bear witness with his assiduous practing on this art, a corpus of numerous conversations assert his aim to set up a theory of drama, that would satisfy him, when the importance and the sharpness of this specific language is outstanding in this drama genre. In order to examine all the component of the play, we will study the subject in the two differents parts. Out of the words said, paraverbal elements including scenary, gesture and drama's structure. Verbal elements including the relationship between language and life, and the between language and its function, the various level of language used by sartre. This essay permit us to appreciate both the quality and the virtue of the dramatic language of Jean-Paul Sartre
Ignazio-Benoît, Florence d’. "L’image de Sartre : 1980-1990." Nancy 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN21017.
Full textSartre is considered either as a philosopher or as a writer, a novelist, a dramatist or yet an essay-writer, or as an "engaged" intellectual. Our thesis will try to define the different images of Sartre in the 10 years following his death. The starting point, a linguistic study: the statement only confirms the subjectivity of the commentators in spite of their willingness of objectivity as Sartre war not a particular case. Sartre in then present in the cultural world presented by the school world thanks to a great deal of surveys and finally anang the French and international opinion. The personality of Sartre remains multiple; it wearies less according to the media and the political trends than according to the fields where his influence is at work. Philosophy, literature, politics, dramatic art, Sartre holds all the different roles but it is impossible to give an unified image of him. Thus, the thesis provides some documents for the interested readers
Jang, Guene-Sang. "L'utilisation de l'histoire dans le théâtre de Jean-Paul Sartre." Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100024.
Full textThis work can be entitled also as a reflexion on the dimension of history in the theatre of sartre. In this regard, his six pieces are characteristic, showing three different periodes. Firstly, Bariona or The son of thunder, the flies, secondly, Deaths without sepulture, Red glove and finally, The demon and the good god, The prisoners of Altona. This point of view "impose" a diachronical study on the evolution of his esthetic. The reject of "retrospectif" genre, shown in the declaration of 1947 will be followed by the slow moving toward the historical theatre. Historical climate is suitable to the reflexion on the moral, and "distance" makes the political reflexion possible in two degrees : historical and actuel, or formal and allusive. So, this lecture of sartrien theatre can be formulated such as "historical lecture" and "intertextuel lecture". Historical and mythic frames outline ficticios stories. In spite of the author's anachronical attitude, in general, it's also possible to see his respectful description regarding historical facts, and historicity is revealed slowly. In this regard, his discovery of epical theatre and historical theatre is significant, and his care for the popular theatre based on the subjectivity can be explained
Wormser, Gérard. "Phénoménologie, morale et historicité dans la philosophie de Jean-Paul Sartre." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010530.
Full textVautrelle, Hervé. "Figures et systèmes de la violence dans la philosophie de Sartre." Lille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL30005.
Full textPoulette, Claude. "Jean Paul Sartre aux prises avec son enfance : analyse du rapport au savoir et du problème de l'identité chez Sartre, en partant des "mots"." Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100017.
Full textBaniounga, Fabrice Satou. "L'intersubjectivité dans l'œuvre de Jean-Paul Sartre et Emmanuel Levinas." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0038.
Full textThis thesis proposes to analyze a problem that haunts modern philosophy since Descartes : the problem of the knowledge of others in an intersubjective world. Indeed, the radical gesture by which Descartes inaugurated modern philosophy, its desire not place undue reliance status as objects of undoubted knowledge of the cogito, raises the thorny problem of the knowledge of the other who did this indirectly through his body. From the questioning of the knowledge of the other, which provides also the starting point of our research, this thesis shows precisely the great seed of this problem in the 20th century, especially from the time when Edmund Husserl, reconnecting with the radical starting point of the Cartesian philosophy, looking for a new phenomenological method for philosophy. It's in his lectures presented at the Collège de France in 1929, Cartesian Meditations, translated into French by Emmanuel Levinas and Gabrielle Peiffer, Husserl attempts to solve the problem of knowledge of each other and the status of the intersubjective world bequeathed by Cartesian approach.This thesis shows the most unsatisfactory aspect of the solution proposed by the phenomenology of Husserl the problem. This issue will be a very important reflection developed in part by Sartre in Being and Nothingness and secondly by Emmanuel Levinas, particularly in Totality and Infinity and Otherwise than Being or -delà gasoline. This work, conducted an "original" analysis of the answers given by Sartre and Levinas to the problem of knowledge of others and intersubjective world configuration by showing the importance of their reflections on otherness, on the role of corporeality and the theme of the opacity in the knowledge of the other too often neglected by the Cartesian tradition, then by Husserl's phenomenology. This analysis has led us to consider the proper ethical issues two critical positions Sartre and Levinas develop towards Husserl. From different perspectives, the question of the knowledge of others is strengthened in both cases by a deep reflection on the responsibility
Sahri, Youssif. "La dialectique de la liberté et la critique de la raison chez Sartre." Paris 4, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA040038.
Full textNoudelmann, François. "L'incarnation imaginaire : l'image dans la pensée de Sartre." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040098.
Full textIn order to define the role of image within thought, one has to recognise its specificity as the concept, and to question their distinction. But the study of epistemology implies an ontology. Indeed, image cannot be reduced to a figure of style, nor to a thing : it commits to a relationship with the being. Image must be studied in its production and according to the intention of the conscience. To this end, sartre's reflexion is enlightning. Image is defined by a specific embodiment. The production of image commits to an annihilation of the object in question. It is precisely to define the nothingness that the image intervenes in sartre's reflexion in order to resolve conceptual "dead-ends". Starting from basic "schemas" he envolves a figurative structure which leads to the forming of concepts, their linkings and their evolution according to theorical mutations, from phenomenology to marxism. This dynamic is based on the concept of incarnation. It permits to define what it means to "speak for" his time, its affects or to speak through language. Expression through imaginary thus takes on its full ontological dimension : its ambition is either to incarnate the nothingness, either to aim at the incarnation of the being. This alternative brings into plays two forms of wrinting, litterary and philosophical, as well as two conceptions of hermeneutics
Olmeta, Muriel. "Sartre et Beauvoir romanciers : textes croisés." Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100057.
Full textThe likeness between Sartre and Beauvoir stems from their relationship to time which made them evolve in the same direction and consequently led them to the same deadlock. From this likeness we were were able to analyse their works in detail. Sartre in le mur and beauvoir inquand prime le spirituel seem to view the short-story as a mere draft for a larger project: the novel, now viewed by Sartre as a saga (roman-fleuve). The relationship to reality which is conveyed by the short-story is thus internalised. The age de raison and l'invitee were written before and furing the war. Impelled by the sense of history and by the ageing process, commitment became the main theme of the novels. They convey the evolution of the authors involvement in society as well as the evolution of their concept of literature. After The war, Le sang des autres, Le sursis, Tous les hommes sont mortels sought to describe events by the explosion of the time and space relationship. The matter of commitment is followed by the necessity of asserting it. We complete our study with the theme of melancholy that unites Sartre and Beauvoir
Hanus, Gilles. "Jean-Paul Sartre et Benny Levy, l'espoir maintenant : le dialogue comme Praxis philosophique : génèse et interprétation." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070037.
Full textThe only trace left from Sartre and Benny Levy's dialogue is the publication of their interviews called Hope now (L'Espoir maintenant) not long before Sartre's death. Sartre and Lévy both declared how important this dialogue had been for them, but the scandal that followed the publication of the interviews prevented them from being taken seriously. It is now time to consider these interviews more objectively. In order to do so, we had to place them back in the vaster context of the Sartre-Lévy dialogue and that dialogue first had to be reconstituted. The opening of Benny Levy's personal archives made it possible. This source was completed with numerous recordings of the interviews as well as a series of conferences and articles which showed evidence of the common work Sartre and Lévy had undertaken. Once the reconstitution was made, we decided to reconsider the published interviews with the globality of the dialogue in mind. This approach required going back to previous texts from Sartre or consulting posterior ones from Benny Lévy. It showed this dialogue as the interaction of two thoughts confronting each other and taking shape at the same time. Hope now is a very dense text, based on countless preliminary exchanges, that needs explanations to be fully comprehended and to understand what is at stake. It turns out that the dialogue, rather than being an anecdotic form occasionally taken to express a thought, actually gives birth to a specific form of thought, which Sartre himself used to call "Pensée du nous" ("thought of the we")
Stal, Marie-Isabelle. "La philosophie de Sartre : un essai d'analyse critique." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0111.
Full textDa, Silveira Louis-Antoine. "Anthropologie et philosophie chez Jean-Paul Sartre, une réponse au marxisme, un questionnement et une interpellation." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010705.
Full textThe existentialism is an anthropocentrism contrary to the marxism which commits man in a general process, in an incorporated philosophy where he's dissolved in nature and society. We have to give him back his own value. It's in that which consists sartre's philosophical anthropology. To start from man to elaborate a subject's philosophy which will occupy the place of the incorporated philosophy. On this point sartre is in complete desagreement with marxism. The attacks against marxism in our approach to the problem will concern classe struggle, dialectic, alienation, philosophy, "totalisation", history and the theory of knowledge which, according to sartre, the weak point of marxism. Thus, starting from his anthropologic suppositions sartre develops his philosophy of liberty which transforms man as a transcendence with full power to do everything he wishs. Where does such a subject take us to ? in that way some questions about the important issue of sartre's philosophy as bad faith, subject, phenomenology, the basis of his philosophy, wish, relation with others, liberty, morals and his political commitments. We notice that all that is negative. We are faced with philosophy of despair. Certainly the author recongnizes it because says : "but i am far from believing that an isolated effort of an individual can bring about a satisfactory answer - partial as it may be - to an extnsive question which concerns the whole of history. " this declaration is an interpellation for us to contribute to sartre's enterprise completion. Humanity desires ethics of democracy, liberty and joy with rejection of all morals of the obedience. We have to apprehend sartre's interpellation in that way for assume, on behalf of solidarity, our responsability towards humanity and thus to come up to contemporary world's expectations
Ahrouch, Lamiaa. ""Les chemins de la liberté" ou la quête spirituelle." Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20101.
Full text"Roads to freedom" is the most powerful testimony to learn what life is. The novelistic trilogy is filled with lost people who live through time and space to end up in the same time and space to end up in the same time and in the same space as Sysiphe's myth. The answer to their worries is hidden behind Sartre's words and his futurist view which is only a means to heal the uneasiness of a whole period. The chore of the novel is to be found in its contents and in its form. We have situated the trilogy in a spiritual context in order to discover a world where divine presence is not far
Neppi, Enzo. "L' écriture autobiographique : étude sur Sartre : le corps et le discours maternels dans l'écriture autobiographique de Sartre." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100062.
Full textThe author suggests to read the philosophy of Sartre as an autobiographical reconstruction of the subject's history. In order to prove the fruitfulness of this assumption, a systematical study of mother-child relation in sartrean writings is undertaken. The first part of the thesis focuses on immanence. In the "golden age", the child lived in his mother's womb. Later, the structural unity of the maternal figure was shattered, such ontological divisions as being and nothing, facticity and transcendance appeared and the subject was doomed to bad faith. However, such a splitting may be overcome: within the framework of an authentic loving relationship a valuable coordination of organism and praxis, effort and pleasure becomes possible. In the second part of the thesis, verbal relations and the transcendance are stressed. The problem of the constitution of an independant subject is discussed. The good mother invites her child to freedom and encourages him to transcend his primitive passivity. On the other hand, the bad mother stifles child's efforts toward communication and language. The result of this situation is misunderstanding: the mother does not guess her child's desires, and the child is unable to meet his mother's requirements. It seems then that human relationships are doomed to failure and helplessness. A positive issue is nonetheless possible if the subject turns failure into success by an "heroic" entreprise making at last possible the son's identification to his father. The author comes therefore to the conclusion that the sartrean philosophical discourse is structured as a total phantasm that includes and conciliates all the above mentionned contradictions
Veysseyre, Christian. "Les implications morales de la notion d'existence chez Heidegger et Sartre." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010514.
Full textHeidegger and Sartre’s thought originate from the ethical question. Beginning with an alienated or perverted existence, they attempt to lay the foundations of an authentic one. This quest leads Heidegger to ontological mysticism and political wanderings. It lead Sartre to outline morals based on generosity
Laositthiwarong, Yanyong. "Bouddhisme et existentialisme : convergences et divergences dans la pensée de Buddhadasa et de Jean-Paul Sartre." Paris, INALCO, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INAL0026.
Full textGrell, Isabelle. "La création de quelques personnages dans Les chemins de la liberté : L'âge de raison, Le sursis, La mort dans l'âme, La dernière chance de Jean-Paul Sartre, étude génétique." Grenoble 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE39006.
Full textLiogier, Bénédicte. "Le cogito et la question de Dieu ou La liberté cartésienne et la question de la vérité selon l'interprétation de Sartre." Lyon 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO31013.
Full textBouillet, Frédéric. "La réalité des apparences : le théâtre de J.P. Sartre (1943-1951)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX10013.
Full textYoon, Jeong-Im. ""Saint Genet, comédien et martyr" : De la préface à la critique littéraire." Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100014.
Full textThe saint genet of j. -p. Sartre is a problematical book, at one by its dimensions and the same time by its contents. Considered, in the beginning, as a preface for the oeuvres completes of jean genet, this book offers the ideas indispensable for the studies of that two writers : sartre and genet, and also for the essential problematic in the notion of literature. Throughout the structural analysis, we ascertain that the structure of this text is founded on the concept of temporality. This work reveals one of the senses immanent in the text. By the examination of the statute of the text, - saint genet as a fictionalized biography and as a literary critic - we understand why this book can modify our conception of literary genre, and this contribute to vary the meaning of the text : saint genet, the polymorphous text
Charlier, Jean-François. "La guerre dans les romans de JP Sartre : "les chemins de la liberté", un itinéraire de la conscience vers le monde." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100097.
Full textMouillie, Jean-Marc. "De l'être au monde : ontologie et phénoménologie de l'existence dans la première philosophie de Sartre." Paris 12, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA120012.
Full textThe status of intentionality is the central concern of sartre's first philosophy. The exploration of this theme enables the discovery of the original structure of existence. It is thus possible to describe our being-inthe-world. This study examines the realisation of this project and its inherents difficulties. In fact, under the rubric of <>, sartre has two perspectives in mind : transcendental phenomenology and being-in-the-world. His originality lies in his confrontation with the systematic and methodological point of view and the taking into account of the irreducible contingency of our existence. The consequence of this tension is a problematic phenomenology
Rizk, Hadi. "Les conditions ontologiques d'une rationalité du collectif : analyse du statut des ensembles pratiques dans la critique de la raison dialectique (Sartre) et de la modalité des relations entre individus chez Spinoza." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010632.
Full textThe term of "society" implies a totality which serves as a substitute of its elemens. Therefore, when one collectively considers a plurality of individuals, one could think that a transcendent principle, which comes in addition to their diversity unifies them, in the first case, the irreductibility of individuals is compromised; in the second case, the "collective" being of these very individuals does not account for the relationship issued by each of them, as well as under gone by him, when the discovers that he belongs to the whole. One has to make an ontological analysis of the social being, which describes the constitution of the collective derived from the activity of the individuals, as well as intersubjective relationships. This thesis develops some of sartre's intuitions in the critic or the dialectical reason in order to emphasize the building up of practical ensembles, which derives from the tension between individual praxes and the practico-inert. His tory is the background of the antagonism between series and groups. This thesis aims to enhance the definition of the multitude (according to Spinoza) in terms of an articulation of individual powers, without external mediation : the notion of community therefore fades away
Bizet, François. "Une communication sans échange : Georges Bataille critique de Jean Genet." Paris 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA030072.
Full textGeorges Bataille (1897-1962) did not write on Jean Genet (1910-1986) more than two articles, published respectively in 1949 and 1952. Only the second one went down to posterity, since it also figures in an important essay called Literature and Evil (1957). The terms of Bataille's second critique are irrevocably clear-cut : Genet's work is a " failure ". They contrast with the positive reception Genet had got on the occasion of Bataille's first article. Our research aims at explaining the reasons of such an about-turn. Is it just a consequence of Jean-Paul Sartre's masterful preface, Saint Genet, Comedian and Martyr, written for Genet's Complete Works ? The question should be answered with an exhaustive analysis of Sartre and Bataille's conflictual relationship since 1943. Is it rather a matter of some deeper rejection, or some kind of affect, whose a close examination of Bataille's text should be able to reveal the main symptoms ? This work tries to put both critical systems in their intellectual context : for Bataille, a comprehensive approach, based on the key notion of " communication ", for Sartre, a phenomenological approach, illustrated by the notion of " commerce " (dealings). It also tries to identify the nature of Bataille's fierce and unforeseen resistance. However, what we call " communication without exchange " does not refer to the complex relationship between Bataille and Sartre, it designates the way the poet Jean Genet came to express his own conception of poetical communication, as he probably was weary of quarrels he had given rise to : in the 1960's indeed, he often claimed that a work of art should be offered to " the vast people of the dead "
Parant, Noémie. "Corps et langage : à la croisée de la phénoménologie et de la littérature - la pratique de Sartre et Merleau-Ponty." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUEL013.
Full textOh, Eun Ha. "Les figures féminines dans l'oeuvre fictionnelle de Jean-Paul Sartre." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030143.
Full textThe female figures in Jean-Paul Sartre’s fictional work can be seen as standing at a crossroads where all the forms of ambivalence in his work intersect, and thus illuminate his viewpoints in the context of social history. Sartre often uses his female figures to condemn the inauthenticity of marginal persons by showing the forms of ‘feminine’ alienation, represented by such expressions as ‘be sequestered,’ ‘become the object of the gaze’ and ‘play affected comedy.’ However, this mode of existence of femininity is summoned for social hierarchy rather than sexual difference. In spite of the provocative transgression of the border between the two sexes, the idea related to femininity and masculinity remains intact: it seems to be a strategy in collusion with his readers. Nevertheless, at a symbolic level, the metaphorical expressions related to ‘viscosity’ link the feminine to proliferating nature, thus connecting with traditional dualism. In front of the ‘feminine’ that offers an opportunity to confront otherness, fear and fascination always intertwine: in the desire to escape otherness is hidden a dream of symbiosis with it. This symbiosis takes the form of ‘incestuous fraternity’; its failure gives birth to an intense craving for women - like that for a mother. In the end, for the author, the woman becomes ‘neither one nor the other.’ Faced with ‘the Other-woman,’ the Sartrian man runs away, but also refuse to completely rule her out of his life: this constant shift is characteristic of the representation of female figures in Sartre’s work
Astier-Vezon, Sophie. "Sartre et la peinture : pour une définition de l'"analogon" pictural." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010525.
Full textSilva, Guimarães Renato. "De la critique de la raison dialectique à l'esthétique de la faim : Jean-Paul Sartre et Glauber Rocha." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010576.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to unravel the strands of the aesthetic of hunger through a serie of mediations, dispersed discourses, that are neither a simple procedure aiming for and describing a practice nor pure theory, because of its both implicite and explicit derivations from social realityµ. We found the parole that reveals the contradictions of this world, but not from the point of view of the cinematographic image, through this image is what renders it operational. The principle thesis seeks its manifestation in the Brazilian intellectual tradition and confirms, as in Sartre, the refusal « […] to confuse the alienated man with a thing or alienation with the physical laws governing external conditions... For us man is characterized above all by his going beyond a situation, and by what he succeeds in making of what he has been made – even if he never recognize himself in his objectivation ».The intellectual production of Glauber Rocha goes beyond cinema in conjuring art, life, and the political, without dissociating them, in a poetic experience directed by the metaphoric locus of hunger as linked to the social reality of arid zones in Brazil.[1] Search for a method, translated by Hazel E. Barnes, New York, Vintage Books, 1968, p. 91
Schnittka, Sabine. "Le temps dans "l'être et le néant" de Sartre et dans la théorie de la relativité restreinte : un essai de comparaison." Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT3035.
Full textTime is one of the basic subjects of philosophy and plays a fundamental role in physics. The aim of this project is to compare and contrast Sartre's philosophy of time and the concept of time in the special theory of relativity. The textual sources are, on the one hand, Being and Nothingness, and on the other hand, the relevant publications of Albert Einstein, Hans Reichenbach and Weyl. A commented analytical presentation of both theories and a reflection on the basic concepts of the "event" and the "experienced event" (German: "Erlebnis") precede and lay the groundwork for the comparison, which is structured according to the following aspects: the forms of time, time's flow and arrow, time as topological and metrical order and the relationship between time and space. The comparison of the propositions of the two theories concerning these topics leads to a determined judgement on their compatibility and indicates which properties of time are accessible to a physical analysis and which are specific to consciousness
Ehrlich, Irène. "L' approche biographique dans l'orientation professionnelle : de la sociologie clinique aux contributions de l'existentialisme sartrien." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070009.
Full textThe goal of this research is to analyze the theory and method of the Existentialism of J. P. Sartre for the development of a biographical approach in the field of career guidance. We propose with this work to examine to what extent the approach sartreana prorposciona a biographical Research Advancement in order to help the person to lie as subject of their history vis-à-vis socio-historical conditions,, as well as in consideration of the role of the profession within the set of personality for the future. The biographical approach was built in the field of vocational guidance during the years 80. Their integration was characterised by the attempt to overcome the initial proposition, since the development of industrial capitalism, focused on the extent of human skills to find the right place for the subject in the world of work. (Guichad Huteau, 2007). Contributing to the construction of a new perspective to the field, the biographical approach inuagurada by G. Francequin (2004) seeks to integrate the personal history of subject to the professional choice, considering the determinants of mental and social situation. In this sense, it is mainly from the Clinical Sociology and particularly the perspective developed by Vincent de Gaulejac, that Francequin is the theoretical and methodological bases for the development of a perspective biografica in op
Flajoliet, Alain. "La première philosophie de Sartre (1) : métaphysique - psychologie - phénoménologie transcendentale." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010632.
Full textReato, Elisa. "La liberté pour quoi faire ? : éthique et politique de l’engagement chez Sartre." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100078.
Full textThe notion of “engagement” has become central to contemporary moral and political philosophy. This study focuses on Jean-Paul Sartre’s theory of engagement and starts from the assumption that this notion carries with it a new conception of the subject. Most interpretations of Sartre’s engagement theory are founded on the traditional idea of the writer’s commitment and do not consider the works as a whole. Our project goes much further in this direction. The starting point of this investigation is Sartre’s hypothesis which defines man’s freedom in situation, distinct from the conception promoted by the traditional theory of freedom. In order to define the concept of engagement, we investigate the problem in Sartre’s philosophical, literary and political works. This comparison leads us to develop a triadic conception of engagement according to which it can be understood as an anthropological category, as well as a moral and a political one. This research is composed of four chapters, each dealing with a different aspect of “engagement”: chapter 1 investigates the notion of freedom; chapter 2 examines the problem of the other; chapter 3 specifies the consequences in ethics; chapter 4 analyses the possible issues in response to contemporary matters. Finally, we focus on the ambiguity of man’s condition in order to highlight the implications of Sartre’s conception of engagement
Collamati, Chiara. "La ragione dialettica come esperienza critica : praxis, storia ed etica nella filosofia di Jean-Paul Sartre." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20142/document.
Full textThe aim of this research is to delineate, within the Sartrian thought of the Sixties, the mobile perimeter inside which to define ethics as the overcoming possibility for a critical thought. In other words: as the subjective assumption of its political dimension. The shift of Sartre’s historical-political thought follows a development not yet studied enough by scholars. The manuscripts of the Sixties about dialectical ethics appear as the fundamental completion of the dialectical experience of the Critique de la Raison dialectique (1960). Sartre was not able to publish the second part of the book during his life: indeed, the blockage of that work is the result of the structural limit of every attempt to conceptualize historical experience. In the Critique, the possibility to make a single history intelligible depends on a refoundation of dialectics as research method for concrete historical reality. Starting by such refoundation, it becomes possible to define the epistemological basis of a historical structural anthropology, and the conditions for the insurgence of human collective action at the same time. In our interpretation, this approach is out of a future perfect’s logic that means out of the core of the modern sovereignty’s system. Once fixed those points, the research moves around two principal problematic axis. The first evaluates the methodological and epistemological accuracy of Sartre’s attempt to formulate a theory of knowledge for Marxism, considering this one as a theoretical-practical experiment yet to be done. At this point, Sartre’s regressive-progressive method is compared to Marx’s method of critique of political economy, evaluating affinity aspects and overcoming lines. Around the second axis, transverse to the first, the more properly historical-political plexus finds its profile: the dialectical comprehension of events connoting subjectively (that means politically) historical time’s flow isn’t detachable from questioning about the historicity of subjects involved in this flowing. For this reason, in the Sartrian thought of the Sixties the subjectivity’s status is analyzed questioning the normative disposition of social sphere: focusing on normativity allows to understand the mutual implication of subjectification and objectification, in addition to locating basis for a Marxist axiology. Moreover, this perspective allows to improve historical effectiveness of praxis’s ethical dimension. This one is the lens by which Sartre analyzes both Stalinism and colonial liberation struggles, but also the point of clarification of the torsion he imposes to the notion of longing. Materialistically, with the longing Sartre discovers the root of an ethics as the necessary step for every politics
Il lavoro di ricerca si propone di circoscrivere, all’interno del pensiero sartriano de-gli anni ’60, il perimetro mobile entro cui si definice l’etica come possibilità ulteriore del pensiero critico, come assunzione soggettiva della sua politicità. Lo spostamento operato nella riflessione storico-politica di Sartre si compie in una direzione – seguita finora solo parzialmente dagli interpreti ‒ volta ad assumere i manoscritti degli anni ’60 sull’etica dialettica come complemento fondamentale dell’esperienza critica condotta nella Critique de la Raison dialectique (1960) ‒ il cui blocage, esito di un limite struttu-rale ed interno ad ogni concettualizzazione dell’esperienza storica, impedirà la pubbli-cazione del secondo tomo dell’opera. Nella Critique, la possibilità di rendere una storia intelligibile è sospesa alla rifondazione della dialettica come metodo d’indagine del concreto storico. A partire da tale rifondazione è possibile determinare tanto le basi epi-stemologiche di un’antropologia storica e strutturale, quanto le condizioni d’insorgenza dell’agire in comune degli uomini. Nella nostra lettura, tale prospettiva si sottrae alla logica del futuro anteriore, caratterizzante il moderno dispositivo sovranista. Fissati questi punti, la ricerca ruota attorno a due assi problematici principali. Il primo valuta, su un piano al contempo metodologico ed epistemologico, la tenuta del tentativo sar-triano di fornire una teoria della conoscenza al marxismo, reso possibile dalla convin-zione che quest’ultimo sia un esperimento teorico-pratico ancora da compiere. A questa altezza, il metodo regressivo-progressivo di Sartre viene confrontato con quello adottato dal Marx critico dell’economia politica, per valutarne i punti di vicinanza e di supera-mento. Attorno al secondo asse, trasversale al primo, si profila il plesso più propriamen-te storico-politico: la comprensione dialettica degli eventi che connotano in senso sog-gettivo (e quindi politico) il corso del tempo storico, non è separabile da un’interroga-zione sulla storicità dei soggetti che, in tale movimento, sono implicati. Per questo mo-tivo, lo statuto della soggettività nel pensiero sartriano degli anni ‘60 viene analizzato mediante un’interrogazione sul carattere normativo del sociale: il focus sulla nozione di normatività permette infatti da un lato, di comprendere l’interiorità reciproca di sogget-tivazione ed oggettivazione e, dall’altro, d’individuare le basi per un’assiologia marxi-sta. Tale prospettiva consente di valorizzare l’efficacia storica della dimensione etica 4 della praxis, attraverso cui Sartre analizza i problemi posti dallo stalinismo e dalle lotte di liberazione coloniale, ma anche d’illuminare la torsione cui egli sottopone la nozione di bisogno per farne, materialisticamente, la radice di un’etica che diviene passaggio obbligato per ogni politica
Martins, Fayad Marilda. "L'idiot de la famille et ses leçons : Sartre, un penseur pour aujourd'hui." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA1007/document.
Full textThe Fool of the family is complement to the book of philosophy Questions of Method. Sartre asks in Questions of Method a change of language. It will be in this thesis to decipher Sartre writing in its nuances, details and colors. In other words, it is designed to study books from Sartre in order to find a meaning that makes sense for us, where his words are full of statements and their contrary at the same time. Our task of re-reading in The Fool of the family is to clarify the central axis of the existential psychoanalysis and point the most hidden of the philosophy of life. Insofar as Sartre will show that we must decide on the kind of life we want to have, this study aims to illuminate why Sartre is an indispensable thinker for the man of today. Thus, it will be necessary to treatThe Fool of the family as a work for learning. In this sense, the meaning and significance of our research are not closed and still opened to new readings. Our main objective is to clarify what has been the main theme of Sartreto write The Fool of the family and to check if the essence of the writer can be defined by his writings. In other words, do the writings show us who is the author as a man, or else can we rather see his double, one who speaks at his place and then become written word?
Leclercq, Emmanuel. "Les transgressions inabouties : marxisme et homosexualité dans l'oeuvre de Luchino Visconti." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010694.
Full textSalem, Bilel. "Sartre, critique des poètes." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20078/document.
Full textMy thesis deals with one aspect of Sartre's critic: the poetic criticism. It has three major parts. The first and the second parts of my thesis discuss two poets of the nineteenth century: Baudelaire and Mallarmé.Baudelaire and Mallarmé, La lucidité et sa face d’ombre represent two principals books which have been support my study. Both essays play a great role to change the way in which we thought about them before Sartre’s studies.The nineteenth century has made Baudelaire and Mallarmé as two most important poets, however Sartre brought innovation and tried to broke our popular belief. In the first part, Sartre has been denouncing Baudelaire’s disengagement.In the second part which deals with Mallarmé, la lucidité et sa face d’ombre,, Sartre describe the poets of second half of the nineteenth century as “The heirs of Atheism” . As a result, Sartre creates a new notion of freedom which is totally different from those of Mallarmé and Baudelaire. Finally, in the third part Sartre chose to express his admiration for Genet because he assumed his responsibility for his choice of being. Genet’s conception of existence is contradicted with that of Baudelaire.To crown it all, Sartre show his existential philosophy throughout these three poets of XIX and XX centuries. In relation to Sartre there is no Unconscious that would explain our actions. Consequently, he confirms the absolute freedom of Man
Çankaya, Eksen Zubeyde Gaye. "L'articulation de l'éthique et de la politique chez Spinoza et Sartre." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010567/document.
Full textIn the origin of the present study lies a passage from Alexandre Matheron's book Individu et communauté chez Spinoza, where a highly interesting question incites the reader to reflect on the articulation of ethics and politics through a comparative study of Spinoza's and Jean-Paul Sartre's practical philosophies. In the present work, Matheron's question will constitute the point of departure of a reflection on the possibility of establishing a parallelism between the philosophies of Spinoza and Sartre. By proposing a negative answer to it, we will make a categorical distinction between Sartre's and Hobbes' political theories. To the existent that we will distinguish Sartre's political theory from classical contractualism, we will be able to emphasize the points of contact between the Sartrian and Spinozian standpoints, which, in our opinion, share a common anticontractualist basis. Throughout this comparative study, a detailed analysis of the moment of the organization of political society will be presented, with a view to disclose a particular way of articulating politics and ethics that is common to both of these philosophers who seems radically different at first glance
Popa, Délia. "L'imagination et le problème du sens." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE2009.
Full textThis research investigates the phenomena’s meaning and its relation to imagination. Is imagination discovering the meaning of the phenomena? Does it participate at its constitution? If we admit that meaning (Sinn) is different from signification (Bedeutung), the sensitive genesis of meaning as sense is to explore, as well at the active level of consciousness as in its passive synthesis. Meaning is a phenomenological problem because the active level of its constitution (Konstitution) is always hiding the passive level of its evolution (Bildung). This is why a phenomenological épochè is necessary, in order to attempt the meaning as a living process which connects consciousness to the world. Imagination intervenes in this passage from a level of constitution to another, relaying the instituted senses to their phenomenological birth. This research claims that imagination doesn’t just open the empirical effectuations to their eidetic possibility: its main task is to root the transcendental life in the world. An investigation of the phenomenological essences and their specific time makes possible the analyses of the mediation by the “as if” mode of the imagination. Thanks to this imaginary way, the meaning of our life is not founded on splits and bounds, but on a coherent experience concretely made possible at any moment. Assuming the communication between different levels of its constitution, imagination preserves the problem of meaning and deepens it
Uçan, Timur. "La question du solipsisme dans les premiers travaux de Sartre et Wittgenstein." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30065.
Full textSolipsism was conceived as a preliminary to grounding knowledge in the seventeenth century. This doctrine suggested that, in order to achieve certainty, one had to temporarily admit the conceivability of doubt about the existence of other minds and the external world as a whole. The existence of the external world was then taken to be established by means of proofs of the existence of a unique creator, or assured by means of transcendental deduction. By comparison, nothing seems to prove the existence of others. On the one hand, nothing seems to count as proof a posteriori of the existence of others, for the doubt it would dispel cannot be grounded in experience. On the other hand, nor can a proof which would dispel such doubt be produced a priori, for the empirical and generalized absence of others is conceivable a posteriori. Thus, nothing seems to exclude the possibility of an a priori discovery of one’s unicity. This thesis endeavours to bring out the similarity of the treatment of this difficulty by Sartre and Wittgenstein. Each of these philosophers confronted the illusion of confinement that presupposes admitting the generalized absence of others. In Being and Nothingness, Sartre proposes a conceptual means to establish that the theoretical problem of the existence of other minds is a pseudo-problem. In the Tractatus, Wittgenstein proposes to dissolve the philosophical problems of the existence of the external world and the existence of other minds via reflexion on the intelligibility conditions of expression. Both cases involve dispelling the appearance that doubt about the world and other minds is possible and required. Not only that proof of the existence of other minds is impossible, it is also superfluous. To require such a proof therefore can lead to nothing but missing the obviousness of our commitments to others, and thereby to denying their existence
Alt, Froes Garcia Fernanda. "A hantologie de Sartre : sobre a espectralidade em o ser e o nada." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H212.
Full textToday, it's possible to affirm that, since the publication of Being and Nothingness (L 'Être et le Néant), a certain reading based on this work has consolidated and established itself as the dominant interpretative view over Jean-Paul Sartre's ontology. This reading's most remarkable traces can be attributed to Merleau-Ponty's critical work, whose philosophy has developed in part because of an affinity which, at the same time, claimed for an opposition to Sartre's thinking. Merleau-Ponty's critical view, however, cannot actually be described as a simple opposition, since it leads to the deeper questioning of aspects which form the groundwork of Sartre's ontology, specially concerning the problem of dualism. This thesis calls into question MerleauPonty's reading - as well as the more general dominant view that has formed about L 'Être et le Néant - while proposing another interpretation, which does not aim at simply offering answers to the resulting aporias of Sartre' s apparent dualism, but primarily at amplifying the possibility to return to such line of thought through an original path. Thus, going over Merleau-Ponty's critical view did not mean defending a text has a single meaning; though it did suggest that Sartre's ambiguities could be worked with in other ways, indicating a seldom explored depth in his philosophical thinking. It was then necessary to explain the division established by Sartre between the modes of being For-itself and Being- in-itself, and its inherent problems. Moreover, after the displacement of Merleau-Ponty's arguments, it was essential to highlight the impasses revealed when reconsidering the issue of dualism in terms of being and nothingness, subjectivity and objectivity. Our work consisted in demonstrating there are implicit - or even explicit, but unexplored - elements in the text which allow us to surpass the difficulties created by the dualism. By way of an inspiration caused by a few analyses of specters by Jacques Derrida, we refer to spectrality as the implicit layer, which might arise from the work, undermining the dualistic basis seemingly supporting it. By making the spectral layer emerge, we also reveal the omnipresence and the essential character of the haunting (hantise) relations, to the point of understanding Sartre's ontology as an hauntology, and stressing the significance and predominance of such relations. From this perspective, it is possible to observe not only that a rigid dualism between the For-itself and the in Being-in-itself cannot encompass the multiple modes of being present in Sartre 's work, but also the relevance of the haunting relations as those which guarantee the imbrication of the ontological regions, at times taken as incompatible. Finally, this reading demonstrates how a spectral mode of non-intuitive presence disrupts the supposed luminous "purity" of conscience which bas stablished itself as a paradigm of Sartre's view of the subject, insofar as the haunting shows a unique kind of opacity which ultimately inscribes the subject in the world and overshadows his relationship to himself
Grira, Sarra. "Roman autobiographique et engagement : une antinomie ? (XXe siècle)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA017.
Full textHow do authors reconcile the desire to share their personal experience — where the “I” is the heart of the work — with the desire to participate in public and political life ? And how can they bring together these two dimensions in the poetic space of fiction, so that neither their biography nor their main thesis end up of overshadowing the work’s novelistic qualities? These are the questions we proposed to examine through five novels: La Maison du Peuple by Louis Guilloux, L’Espoir (“Man’s Hope") by André Malraux, La Conspiration (“The Conspiracy”) by Paul Nizan, Les Mandarins (“The Mandarins”) by Simone de Beauvoir, and Le Premier Homme (“The First Man”) by Albert Camus. We found that, beyond their friendship and their shared battles, these authors also shared similar views on how to reconcile their personal experiences and the causes of their time — with, here and there, their own particularities, which we examined. The confrontation of these works, which range from the 1920s to the late 1950s, with the literary theories that emerged starting in the 1970s attests to the pertinence of questions raised by this socially-conscious literature (and not only on the formal level). Using this corpus for analysis, but without restricting ourselves to it, we examined the questions of poetics and genre raised by the term “autobiographical novel”, techniques of representation and transposition, and the subjectivity inherent to engaged writing. This will lead us to understand how a personal experience can be transformed into an aesthetic exercise and result in an ethics of praxis
Boncardo, Robert Malcolm. "Appropriations politiques de l'oeuvre de Stéphane Mallarmé : Les cas de Sartre, de Tel Quel, de Badiou et de Rancière." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3015.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the political appropriations of the work of Stéphane Mallarmé. We will explore how Mallarmé has been made an object of political reflection, as well as examining the conceptual resources used to give his writings a political significance, and the different conjunctures, at once political and intellectual, in which his writings have played a political role. We begin with the works of Sartre and study his dialogue with the poet, which lasted the entirety of his career. We will explain how Mallarmé could be, for Sartre, at once a member of an anti-democratic and nihilistic literary tendency and a proto-existentialist hero. Then we will turn to the early work of Julia Kristeva. By closely studying this reading, we will show why Mallarmé had to be for the Telquellians at once an object of privileged reflection and an object of critique. In our third chapter, we examine the reading of Mallarmé proposed by Alain Badiou, focusing on his first book, Théorie du Sujet. We will also attempt to determine the political signfication of Mallarmé for Badiou after the publication of his masterwork, L'Etre et l'événement. In our fourth chapter, we turn to the writings of Jacques Rancière and offer a critical exegesis of his reading of the poet. We will clarify the political signification that Rancière gives to Mallarmé. We will end by briefly examining the recent intervention into this interprétative history by Quentin Meillassoux
Lapierre, Christopher. "Le temps du désir : ontologies de l'imaginaire et de l'affectivité chez Sartre, Merleau- Ponty et Grimaldi." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01002900.
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