Relevant bibliographies by topics / SAS Institute

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'SAS Institute'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "SAS Institute"

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Sinclair, Andrew. "SAS Institute Inc v World Programming Limited." European Law Reports 15, no. 3 (May 1, 2011): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/109132911795903604.

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Ράπτης, Νίκος. "Worldwatch Institute, Η κατάσταση του κόσμου 2002." Επιστήμη και Κοινωνία: Επιθεώρηση Πολιτικής και Ηθικής Θεωρίας 10 (September 24, 2015): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/sas.714.

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Oliveira, Izabela Regina C. de, Marcelo T. Rezende, Carlos Tadeu dos S. Dias, Daniela de S. Gomes, Élberis P. Botrel, and Luiz Antônio A. Gomes. "Evaluation of crisphead lettuce cultivars in different cover types by manova and discriminant analysis." Horticultura Brasileira 31, no. 3 (September 2013): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-05362013000300015.

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In many agricultural experiments the variables are biologically correlated and it is inappropriate to study them only under univariate analysis. Therefore, we evaluated commercial characteristics of crisphead lettuce cultivars and covers under a multivariate approach, using canonical discriminant analysis. We used a split plot design and we tested the cover crop, cultivar and interaction effects by using MANOVA (α= 5%). Means and its standard errors were obtained for average total weight, weight of the head, volume and density of plants. Canonical discriminant analyses were performed using PROC CANDISC procedure in SAS (SAS Institute, 2008) system. Canonical plots were obtained using JMP 9.0 (SAS Institute, 2010) linked to SAS database. With these plots it was possible to note the differences among factors levels. When polyethylene film was used as cover the plants had inferior commercial characteristics than plants in which cover crops were used. Thus, the cover with polyethylene film can be discouraged in the cultivation of crisphead lettuce, promoting environmental sustainability. We suggest these multivariate techniques in horticulture studies.
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Husár, Karol. "Areas of Land-Cover Forms and Calculation of Their Morphometric Parameters." Geografie 101, no. 1 (1996): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie1996101010041.

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The article aims to sum up selected vector-oriented quantitative methods that evaluate spatial units (i.e. areas or regions). Calculations of spatial morphometric parametres, namely of frequency, area and circumference, shape (form), spatial orientation of a region and regional spatial interrelations, are presented. The above mentioned methods are shown on the interpretative scheme of land-cover forms in the Šurany region with help of the computer programs APTAB and DIGEDIT whitch were compiled at the Institute of Geography SAS. The article is part of the project 2/999310/92 (Analysis of Information Potential of Remote Sensing Data) researched at the Institute of Geography SAS.
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Abate, Alemayehu, Emana Getu, Melaku Wale, Mamuye Hadis, and Wubegzier Mekonen. "Effective residual life of bendiocarb insecticide on sprayed surfaces." Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejst.v15i1.1.

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Effective residual life of insecticides on sprayed surfaces determines the number of spraying cycles required to cover malaria transmission season. However, residual efficacy of insecticides varies with spray surface type. This study assessed effective residual life of bendiocarb on cow dung plastered and mud plastered wall surface types of human dwellings against An. arabiensis. Wall cone bioassays were carried out following the WHO (World Health Organization) standard operating procedures. Percentage mortality was calculated according to WHO bioassay protocol and Poisson regression model was fitted to show the association of mosquito mortality with explanatory variables using SAS (SAS Institute Inc. 2016. SAS® 9.4 Language Reference: Concepts, Sixth Edition. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.). Efficacy of bendiocarb against An. arabiensis was 100% for the first 35 days on both cow dung and mud wall surface types. However, its efficacy deteriorated earlier on non-plastered wall surfaces after 35 days. The relationship between mosquito mortality and explanatory variables was: Mortality =3.637542, Sprayed = + 0.282841, Plastering= - 0.0094612 35-Days after spray, - 0.600159 65-Days after spray. Because coefficients for cone position were not significant, they were excluded from the regression equation. Generally, the effective residual life of bendiocarb on mud plastered wall surface was too short to cover malaria transmission season. Therefore, alternative insecticide with longer residual effective life is required in areas having more than two months of malaria transmission season.
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Li, Kang, Fengbo Zheng, Panpan Wu, Qiuyuan Wang, Gongbo Liang, and Lifen Jiang. "Improving Pneumonia Classification and Lesion Detection Using Spatial Attention Superposition and Multilayer Feature Fusion." Electronics 11, no. 19 (September 28, 2022): 3102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11193102.

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Pneumonia is a severe inflammation of the lung that could cause serious complications. Chest X-rays (CXRs) are commonly used to make a diagnosis of pneumonia. In this paper, we propose a deep-learning-based method with spatial attention superposition (SAS) and multilayer feature fusion (MFF) to facilitate pneumonia diagnosis based on CXRs. Specifically, an SAS module, which takes advantage of the channel and spatial attention mechanisms, was designed to identify intrinsic imaging features of pneumonia-related lesions and their locations, and an MFF module was designed to harmonize disparate features from different channels and emphasize important information. These two modules were concatenated to extract critical image features serving as the basis for pneumonia diagnosis. We further embedded the proposed modules into a baseline neural network and developed a model called SAS-MFF-YOLO to diagnose pneumonia. To validate the effectiveness of our model, extensive experiments were conducted on two CXR datasets provided by the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) and the AI Research Institute. SAS-MFF-YOLO achieved a precision of 88.1%, a recall of 98.2% for pneumonia classification and an AP50 of 99% for lesion detection on the AI Research Institute dataset. The visualization of intermediate feature maps showed that our method could facilitate uncovering pneumonia-related lesions in CXRs. Our results demonstrated that our approach could be used to enhance the performance of the overall pneumonia detection on CXR imaging.
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Saur, Joe. "Review of "Visualizing categorical data by Michael Friendly." SAS Institute, Inc. 2000." ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 29, no. 5 (September 2004): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1022494.1022555.

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Eigenbrode, Sanford D., John Barnard, and Anthony M. Shelton. "A SYSTEM FOR QUANTIFYING BEHAVIOR OF NEONATE CATERPILLARS AND OTHER SMALL, SLOW-MOVING ANIMALS." Canadian Entomologist 121, no. 12 (December 1989): 1125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent1211125-12.

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We have developed a system for recording and quantifying animal behavior on artificial or natural substrates. The system is designed for subjects such as insects and mites with movement rates as high as 4 cm/min. The principle is the same as in automatic stage or sphere centering devices (Berg 1971; Kramer 1976; Thiery and Visser 1986), but the compensations are made manually by an observer who may also simultaneously enter codes for specific behaviors on a microcomputer keypad. Data files produced are analyzed or plotted using programs in SAS® (SAS Institute 1985a) or similar data analysis packages.
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Schaalje, G. Bruce, Jared L. Shaw, and Mark C. Belk. "Using nonlinear hierarchical models for analyzing annulus-based size-at-age data." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59, no. 9 (September 1, 2002): 1524–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f02-120.

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Size-at-age data for fish (derived from otoliths or other structures) are valuable but statistically messy. The data are typically serially correlated and unbalanced, with both time-independent and time-varying covariates. Appropriate growth models are typically nonlinear, with an unknown functional form. We recommend the use of nonlinear hierarchical models for the analysis of such data. We illustrate the use of these methods by applying the recently introduced SAS procedure NLMIXED (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, N.C.) to otolith-based estimated standard lengths of Utah chub (Gila atraria) collected in four locations with predators and four locations without predators.
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Brown, Veena Looknanan, Denise Dickins, Dana R. Hermanson, Julia L. Higgs, J. Gregory Jenkins, Christine Nolder, Tammie J. Schaefer, and Kecia Williams Smith. "Comments of the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on Proposed Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS), Audit Evidence." Current Issues in Auditing 14, no. 1 (October 12, 2019): C1—C9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/ciia-52603.

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SUMMARY On June 20, 2019, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Auditing Standards Board (the Board or ASB) issued a request for comment on its Exposure Draft, Proposed Statement on Auditing Standards, Audit Evidence. Enhancements in the proposed SAS include the use of emerging technologies by both preparers and auditors, audit data analytics, the application of professional skepticism, and the expanding use of external information sources as audit evidence. The comment period ended on September 18, 2019. This commentary summarizes the participating committee members' views on selected questions posed by the ASB. Questions not addressed by the committee are listed at the end of this manuscript. Data Availability: Proposed Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS), Audit Evidence, including questions for respondents, is available at: https://www.aicpa.org/content/dam/aicpa/research/exposuredrafts/accountingandauditing/downloadabledocuments/20190620a/20190620a-ed-sas-audit-evidence.pdf
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "SAS Institute"

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Moravec, Petr. "Monitoring internetu a jeho přínosy pro podnikání nástroji firmy SAS Institute." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165263.

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This Thesis is focused on the ways of getting information from the World Wide Web source . The Introduction pays attention to the theoretical approach towards data collection options . The main part of the Introduction is engaged in the Web Crawler program as the possibility of data collection from internet and consequently they are followed by alternative methods of data collection. E.g. Google Search API. The next part of the Thesis is dedicated to SAS products and their meanings in the context of reporting and internet monitoring. SAS Intelligence platform is presented as the crucial Company platform In the framework of the platform there could be found concrete SAS solutions. SAS Web Crawler and Semantic Server are described in SAS Content Categorization solution. Whilst the first two parts of Thesis are focused on the theory , the third and closing part pays attention to practical examples. There are illustrated examples of Internet Data collection, which are mainly realized in SAS. The practical part of Thesis follows the theoretical one and it cannot be detached.
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Silva, Penroz Carmen Gloria. "Instituto de Investigación Arqueológica Tagua Tagua." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/111649.

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Memoria (arquitecto)
El sitio arqueológico Tagua-Tagua, emplazado en el borde norponiente de la actualmente desecada Laguna de Tagua- Tagua, constituye el segundo centro de hallazgos arqueológicos más antiguo de Chile, después de Monteverde, Región de Los Lagos y es también uno de los principales de América. Ubicado en la comuna de San Vicente de Tagua-Tagua, Sexta Región del Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, fue escenario de una de las primeras ocupaciones humanas detectada en Chile hace 11.380 años aproximadamente. Los restos encontrados corresponden a las osamentas de 8 mastodontes, además de caballos y ciervos americanos, todos con indicios de actividad humana, los que han sido datados en una edad aproximada a los 12.000 años. Además de este sitio, la hoya de la Laguna de Tagua- Tagua presenta varios sitios arqueológicos en lo que se constituía como su borde y en los cerros aledaños, como Cuchipuy, cuyo cementerio conserva osamentas humanas de 8.070 años de antigüedad. A lo que se suma un pucará pre hispano que aún no ha sido estudiado, emplazado en la cima del cerro La Muralla y otros sitios de carácter arqueológico ubicados en los bordes de la seca Laguna de Tagua-Tagua. En términos culturales, estos lugares representan los sitios arqueológicos de mayor antigüedad más cercanos a Santiago, por lo que presenta un gran potencial turístico y cientifico, como también de investigación. Se propone entonces la creación de un proyecto de Instituto de Investigación Arqueológica Tagua-Tagua, lugar necesario para el desarrollo de la Investigación Arqueológica de los primeros hombres que habitaron la zona central del país, buscando el reconocimiento de la identidad cultural y patrimonial de la comuna de San Vicente de Tagua-Tagua, identidad que se desarrolla desde la presencia del hombre precolombino, generando un núcleo cultural y educativo en la ciudad de San Vicente, con la creación de un lugar para la Investigación y Difusión del Patrimonio Arqueológico de la comuna.
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Palomino, Sánchez Juan David. "Instituto Oncológico Pediátrico en San Juan de Lurigancho." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656708.

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El desarrollo físico y emocional de las personas empieza en la etapa de la niñez, es por ello, que es necesario enfatizar en la salud física y psicológica de los niños. El Instituto Oncológico Pediátrico se da como respuesta a la necesidad de salud pública que se ve en el país. No obstante, es necesario diferenciar el tratamiento que se da en un niño y un adulto para obtener mejores resultados. El presente proyecto mediante una simbiosis entre la arquitectura y el uso del énfasis arquitectónico “neuroarquitectura”, genera espacios intermedios donde los pacientes puedan recuperarse de forma psicológica y física. Es por ello que el proyecto toma como objetivo principal la importancia de que los niños tengan acceso a establecimientos de salud con espacios eficientes que mejoren la autoestima de los niños. Esto se ve a través de la iluminación y ventilación natural, ambientes para la integración y el encuentro entre los niños y familiares. Sin perder la funcionalidad de un hospital debido a su alto nivel de complejidad.
The physical and emotional development of people begins at the childhood stage, which is why it is necessary to emphasize the physical and psychological health of children. The Pediatric Oncology Institute is created in response to the need for public health seen in the country. However, it is necessary to differentiate the treatment given to a child or an adult to obtain better results. The present project, through a symbiosis between architecture and the use of the architectural emphasis “neuroarchitecture”, generates intermediate spaces where patients can recover psychologically and physically, Therefore the main project’s objective is the importance of children having access to health facilities with efficient spaces that improve children's self-esteem. This is achieved through natural lighting and ventilation, meeting areas for children and their families without losing the functionality of a hospital due to its high level of complexity.
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Aranibar, Campana Liz. "La Biblioteca del Instituto San Ignacio de Loyola (San Isidro): situación actual y perspectivas." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/14471.

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Dar a conocer la realidad actual de la biblioteca del Instituto San Ignacio de Loyola (ISIL), ubicado en el distrito de San Isidro, el estudio se basa específicamente en colecciones e infraestructura, aspectos considerados de suma importancia en la organización de las bibliotecas. Las bibliotecas académicas son piezas clave en la formación de los futuros profesionales, en ese sentido debe dotarse de colecciones y equipos acordes a las necesidades de los alumnos, forjando profesionales destacados y eficientes. La infraestructura de una biblioteca de educación superior debe contar con espacios adecuados acorde a la cantidad de alumnos con los que cuenta. De esta forma, se debe diseñar ambientes espaciosos, en los cuales se pueda estudiar y realizar trabajos grupales.
Trabajo de suficiencia profesional
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Castro, Aguilar Diego Paolo. "Implantación e integración de ERP SAP Business One en un instituto de idiomas." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/5637.

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Hoy en día los Institutos de Idiomas, en lo que a soluciones de software se refiere, buscan sistemas que permitan cubrir los principales procesos del negocio, como por ejemplo matrícula de alumnos, programación de horarios, asignación de profesores, creación de cursos, etc. Estos procesos son manejados por soluciones de software que no están integradas con los procesos del back office como contabilidad, finanzas, compras, etc.., y en otros casos se opta por desarrollar soluciones a medida para evitar realizar grandes inversiones, teniendo en cuenta que un gran porcentaje de los institutos se encuentran entre la categoría de pequeña y mediana empresa. Finalmente ya sea que se adquiera una solución o se desarrolle internamente los institutos priorizan los procesos operativos dejando de lado la gestión y otras actividades estratégicas importantes para el negocio. Este proyecto de fin de carrera, aborda la implementación de una solución completa e integrada (ERP) para un Instituto de Idiomas. El objetivo principal, es ayudar a la empresa a mostrar la situación financiera real, de cada una de las sucursales con las que esta pueda contar, así como también la rentabilidad de cada uno de los cursos que se dictan. Por otro lado una vez que la empresa conozca la situación real, se busca brindarle herramientas de control para una eficiente gestión, que finalmente se verá reflejada en una situación financiera con mejores resultados. El ERP seleccionado fue SAP Business One, solución desarrollada para la pequeña y mediana empresa. El proyecto como tal abordó 4 importantes componentes, por un lado la implementación de procesos contables, financieros y otros del back-office, la integración de este ERP con el sistema de matrícula, la elaboración de informes financieros que permitan a la alta dirección del Instituto tener conocimiento pleno del negocio y finalmente la implementación y desarrollo de una solución de presupuesto, que combinada con la funcionalidad que SAP ofrece permitió un control eficiente de cada uno de los procesos. Este proyecto se basa de una implementación real de SAP Business One en un Instituto de Idiomas, dicha institución actualmente viene operando con este ERP y día a día ve reflejada en sus operaciones los beneficios de los objetivos que la presente tesis pretende demostrar.
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Powell, Frank. "Effects of salinity on eggs and yolk-sac larvae of Atlantic cod, Atlantic halibut, haddock and winter flounder." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0004/MQ42426.pdf.

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Alava, Ubillús Patricia Anahí. "Filmoteca Nacional en San Borja." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653737.

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El siguiente trabajo de investigación, es de carácter cultural y se encuentra ubicado en el distrito de San Borja, Lima, Perú. En primer lugar, este trabajo expone las problemáticas y a raíz de estas se genera una justificación por la cual este proyecto es necesario y brinda un aporte no solo cultural, sino tipológico en el país. Por otro lado, también se definen los conceptos de cine como expresión artística totalmente accesible a través de la visualización o realización, de filmoteca, como espacio que alberga y restaura archivos fílmicos, los cuales son importantes para una nación no solo por aportar en la herencia cultural sino porque es un registro audiovisual de la historia a través del tiempo. A partir de estas definiciones la investigación continúa tomando forma definiendo también los usuarios potenciales a los que se les dirige el proyecto. Por otro lado, este proyecto al ser de una tipología que es bastante escasa en el país busca analizar referentes en el mundo para obtener una guía sobre materialidad, áreas, programa, entre otros. Finalmente, se presenta la Filmoteca Nacional como un proyecto que es resultado de la generación de un análisis e investigación de un conjunto de elementos, tales como usuario, programa, proyectos referenciales, normativa. Todos estos elementos conllevan a la ejecución de criterios de diseño que posteriormente fijan las bases para la creación de un proyecto con una volumetría y funcionalidad importantes que representen la magnitud de lo que es un proyecto metropolitano.
The following research work is of a cultural nature and is located in the district of San Borja, Lima, Peru. In the first place, this work exposes the problems and as a result of these a justification is generated for which this project is necessary and provides a contribution not only cultural, but typological in the country. On the other hand, the concepts of cinema as an artistic expression totally accessible through the visualization or realization of film library are also defined, as a space that houses and restores filmic archives, which are important for a nation not only to contribute to the heritage cultural but because it is an audiovisual record of history through time. From these definitions the research continues to take shape also defining the potential users to whom the project is directed. On the other hand, this project it’s a typology that is quite rare in the country, so it seeks to analyze referents in the world to generate a guide in the creation of spaces, functional packages, functionality among others. Finally, the National Film Library is presented as a project that is the result of the generation of an analysis and investigation of a set of elements, such as user, program, referential projects, regulations. All these elements lead to the execution of design criteria that later establish the bases for the creation of a project with an important volume and functionality that represent the magnitude of what is a metropolitan project.
Tesis
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Wheeler, Cordero Hugo Ricardo. "Instituto de investigación arqueológica y museo Gustavo Le Paige San Pedro de Atacama Región de Antofagasta Chile." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2008. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/111860.

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Memoria (arquitecto)
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El presente documento sistematiza los resultados de un proceso de recopilación de observaciones en torno al Proyecto Arquitectónico Nuevo Museo entre sus potenciales usuarios, para que pudiesen enriquecerlo tanto en la concepción funcional de los espacios proyectados, como en su propuesta estética. Que la arquitectura invite a quedarse en el lugar, a tomarse un café a comer algo típico, conectado a un lugar de venta y muestra de artesanías al aire libre, pero conectado con el interior del museo. (Carlos Aguilar, Asesor Cultural Escuela E-26 San Pedro). El museo de San Pedro debiera estar construido con materiales de la zona como el adobe y la piedra para los pisos. (Sylvia Arias, Profesora Escuela E-26 de San Pedro). Se piensa que el museo no incluye estética local ni simbolismos en su infraestructura. Sugiriendo considerar aspectos locales e iconográficos también en accesorios, mobiliario, señalética, etc. del nuevo museo. (René Huerta, Dideco- Cultura, Municipalidad de San Pedro).
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Vásquez, Rivera Felipe. "Biocentro Chinchorro : desembocadura Río San José, Arica." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/169918.

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Steyn, J., and Vries I. de. "Exploring the impact of the SAPS basic training institute in changing the deviant police culture attitudes of new recruits." Acta Criminologica, 2007. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001420.

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Abstract The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act 108 of 1996, demands a fundamental reassessment and transformation of the nature and style of policing in South Africa, from denying the human rights of the majority of South Africans during the ‘apartheid era’ to gaining the trust and respect of all. This includes changing the basic assumptions of individual police officers with regards to the organisation and its environment. Based on the comments of a representative sample (1 168) of newcomers to the South African Police Service (SAPS) during the 2005 calendar year, this article explores the impact that the SAPS basic training institutes have in changing the attitudes of new recruits that conform to deviant themes in police culture. The research found significant evidence that most of the SAPS basic training institutes, excluding the Bisho SAPS Basic Training Institute, only served to either maintain or strengthen newcomers’ attitudes in support of police culture solidarity, isolation and cynicism.
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Books on the topic "SAS Institute"

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Ramos, Michael J. Fraud detection in a GAAS audit: SAS no. 99 implementation guide. New York, NY: American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, 2003.

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Institute, SAS, ed. SAS 9.1.3 intelligence platform: System administration guide. Cary, NC: SAS Pub., 2006.

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Institute, SAS, ed. SAS 9.1.3 intelligence platform: Security administration guide. 2nd ed. Cary, NC: SAS Pub., 2006.

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Institute, SAS, ed. SAS 9.1.3 intelligence platform: Web application administration guide. 2nd ed. Cary, NC: SAS Pub., 2007.

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Institute, SAS, ed. SAS 9.1.3 intelligence platform: Desktop application administration guide. Cary, NC: SAS Pub., 2006.

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Institute, SAS, ed. SAS 9.1.3 intelligence platform: Web application administration guide. Cary, NC: SAS Pub., 2006.

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Institute, SAS, ed. SAS 9.1.3 intelligence platform: Web application administration guide. 2nd ed. Cary, NC: SAS Pub., 2007.

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Institute, SAS, ed. SAS 9.1.3 intelligence platform: Application server administration guide. Cary, NC: SAS Pub., 2006.

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Goodnight, J. H. Oral history interview with Jim Goodnight, July 22, 1999: Interview I-0073, Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007). [Chapel Hill, N.C.]: University Library, UNC-Chapel Hill, 2006.

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Universidad Mayor de San Andrés. Instituto de Investigaciones Industriales. Catalógo de proyectos de grado y tesis. La Paz: Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "SAS Institute"

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Zabransky, Douglas, He Li, Chang Lu, and Yaling Yang. "SZ-SAS: A Framework for Preserving Incumbent User Privacy in SAS-Based DSA Systems." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 78–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05490-8_8.

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Mockovčiaková, A. "Research in the Institute of Geotechnics Sas — Water Treatment Technologies." In Water Treatment Technologies for the Removal of High-Toxity Pollutants, 323–29. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3497-7_35.

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Kong, Deguang, Yoon-Chan Jhi, Tao Gong, Sencun Zhu, Peng Liu, and Hongsheng Xi. "SAS: Semantics Aware Signature Generation for Polymorphic Worm Detection." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 1–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16161-2_1.

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Blancas, Jorge, Luis Barba, and Agustín Ortiz. "Integrated Archaeological Prospection Studies in Mexico: A Review." In One World Archaeology, 325–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57900-4_12.

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AbstractThis chapter provides a retrospective of the work carried out by the Archaeological Prospection Laboratory, of the Institute of Anthropological Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico (IIA, UNAM). In 1983, geophysical surveys, combining different methods, were performed for the first time to study the San José Ixtapa archaeological site. Since, multi-technique geophysical surveys, integrating a wide range of complementary methods such as satellite remote sensing and soil analyses, have been performed at other sites in Mexico. To illustrate the development of the work carried out for this institution, the chapter syntheses the main achievement of some key case studies.
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Tang, Renzhi, Guowei Shen, Chun Guo, and Yunhe Cui. "SAD: Website Fingerprinting Defense Based on Adversarial Examples." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 88–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96791-8_7.

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Kong, Deguang, Donghai Tian, Peng Liu, and Dinghao Wu. "SA3: Automatic Semantic Aware Attribution Analysis of Remote Exploits." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 190–208. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31909-9_11.

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Zha, Zhenzhu, Qun Wan, Yue Yang, Di Zhang, and Yuanyuan Song. "Variable Scale Iterative SAR Imaging Algorithm Based on Sparse Representation." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 219–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36405-2_23.

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Shi-Yu, Wang, Zhang Sheng-Bing, An Jian-Feng, Huang Xiao-Ping, and Wang Dang-Hui. "Optimization Bottleneck Analysis in GPU-Based Aiming at SAR Imaging." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 43–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60753-5_5.

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Dittrich, Nele. "Wenn die konkret dreimal klingelt." In Abseits der Universität?, 68–97. Kiel: Universitätsverlag Kiel | Kiel University Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38072/2701-5122/p4.

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Der Beitrag stellt eine Episode der Kieler Universitätsgeschichte aus der bewegten Zeit der 68er-Bewegung vor: Ende der 1960er Jahre sah sich Professor Dr. Horst Gärtner mit einer Verleumdungskampagne der Hamburger Zeitschrift konkret konfrontiert, die ihn beschuldigte, im Rahmen einer Forschungsstelle der Bundeswehr an ABC-Waffen experimentiert zu haben. Dittrich schildert, welche Auswirkungen diese Anschuldigungen auf das weitere Leben und den Ruf des Kieler Professors hatten und welche Ausmaße die Proteste gegen ihn annahmen. Im Beitrag begegnet uns eine stark politisierte Studierendenschaft, die weder vor lautstarken Protestaktionen noch vor juristischen Auseinandersetzungen zurückschreckte, um Professor Gärtner und sein Institut zu diffamieren und ihre Forderungen nach einer Demokratisierung der Universität
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Vargas, Ángel Humberto Guapisaca, and Verónica Gabriela Venegas Riera. "Virtual Classroom Leveling Model Based on Self-regulation for the Higher Technological Institute “San Isidro”." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 366–77. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63437-6_30.

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Conference papers on the topic "SAS Institute"

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Jiang, Wendy Xi, Bahar Biller, Jim Box, and Barry L. Nelson. "Sensitivity Analysis in Clinical Trial Simulation At Sas Institute." In 2021 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wsc52266.2021.9715389.

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Fuchs, Fabian, and Laura Cordes. "Secondary Air System: A Current Review and Future Investigations." In ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-81262.

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Abstract Since every new scientific work starts with a comprehensive literature study about the state of the art, this paper should give an overview about previous, but still useful, and more recent publications to describe a secondary air system (SAS) for gas turbines. Nevertheless, in current times it is impossible to present a complete research, but the well-disposed reader will get a meaningful insight and may use the references as a start for their own detailed search. The first part will give a description of a typical set up of a SAS and the common flow elements that can be found along the flow path. It also includes an explanation of the elements operating behavior, especially regarding the pressure and temperature changes as well as the resulting air mass flow. In the second part the authors describe the plans at the German Aerospace Centers (DLR) Institute of Test and Simulation for Gas Turbines in the SAS’ field of research.
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Tucker, Paul, Jeff Rybak, James Hulka, Gregg Jones, Tom Nesman, and Jeffrey West. "The NASA Constellation University Institutes Project: Thrust Chamber Assembly Virtual Institute." In 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-4524.

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Zanazzi, Giorgio, Ottmar Schaefer, Michael Sell, and Colin Ridoutt. "Unsteady CFD Simulation of Control Valve in Throttling Conditions and Comparison With Experiments." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94788.

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The operational flexibility of steam power plant is becoming more important as power generation becomes increasingly decentralized, with a growing contribution from renewable energy sources. In a power plant the control valve is a key component to guarantee the control of the plant of which is increasingly demanded to extend the operational capability. At specific operating conditions, the control valve could experience vibrations. In this paper, the physical phenomena of the unsteady aerodynamic excitation force have been investigated by means of CFD techniques. An in-house code was used to simulate the flow-induced vibration. Unsteady transonic 3D simulation generally requires huge computational effort. A novel unsteady quasi-3D approach has been developed and applied as pre-design tool to establish the qualitatively operational map of the valve and to detect the critical operational range, to reduce the number of detailed 3D simulations. The numerical results are compared with experimental test undertaken in the Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry [4] and full 3D simulation performed with the commercial tool CFX, using the Scale-Adaptive Simulation (SaS) turbulence model. Different pressure drops at certain lift have been selected from the operational map and reproduced numerically. Different modes have been identified, from stochastic behavior with wide width of frequency to periodic flow with one dominant frequency. Results indicate good agreement between the predicted frequency and amplitude and benchmark experiments. The quasi-3D simulation is able to reproduce the principle behavior of the flow field for different drop of pressure and capture the different operational mode. Similar behaviour has been detected also for the selected operating condition in the full 3D analysis. In addition, flutter calculation of the downstream pipe is carried out. It has demonstrated that the implementation of oscillating discharge piping influences the amplitudes and frequency of the upstream flow region.
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Krajnc, Nicolas, Filippo Merli, Asim Hafizovic, Andreas Peters, and Emil Göttlich. "Numerical Investigation of a Turbine Vane Frame for Co- and Counter-Rotating Configuration." In ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-81083.

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Abstract This paper presents the numerical comparison of a turbine vane frame (TVF) for future high-bypass turbofan engines for architectures with a co-rotating setup between the high-pressure turbine (HPT) and the low-pressure turbine (LPT) and with a counter-rotating setup. The flow field in the TVF is impacted by the decision of a co- or counter-rotating architecture which is driven not only by aerodynamics but also by the dynamic and mechanical design constraints in an engine. As boundary conditions for the steady RANS simulation, measurements are used which were carried out in the engine-representative two-spool rig at the Institute for Thermal Turbomachinery and Machine Dynamics at the Graz University of Technology. The test vehicle in this rig consists of an HPT with nearly axial exit flow and a counter-rotating LPT connected via the TVF with aft-loaded struts and splitters. To reproduce a realistic HPT flow field, purge air is provided by a secondary air system (SAS). The inlet and outlet boundary conditions are defined based on the five-hole probe (5HP) measurement set up- and downstream of the TVF, acquired for three different purge conditions (0%, 100% = nominal, and 200%). To simulate a co-rotating configuration, the measured inlet flow field has been mirrored. The focus of this paper is to gain additional insights into the general flow behavior of a TVF in a co- and counter-rotating configuration, respectively. A special focus is placed on the differences between the development of strut secondary flows on their way through the TVF depending on the inlet flow field. Additionally, a duct loss comparison of the two configurations and its sensitivity to different purge flow levels is presented.
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Daniel, T., M. Smaga, T. Beck, T. Schopf, L. Stumpfrock, S. Weihe, and J. Rudolph. "Investigation of the Very High Cycle Fatigue (VHCF) Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steels and Their Welds for Reactor Internals at Ambient Temperature and 300°C." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21460.

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Abstract The fatigue assessment of safety relevant components is of importance for ageing management with regard to safety and reliability of nuclear power plants. For reactor internals, austenitic stainless steels are often used due to their excellent mechanical and technological properties as well as their corrosion resistance. During operation the material is subject to loadings in the Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) regime due to start up and shut down procedures as well as high frequency loadings in the Very High Cycle Fatigue (VHCF) regime induced e.g. by stresses due to fast cyclic thermal fluctuations triggered by fluid dynamic processes. While the LCF behavior of austenitic steels is already well investigated the fatigue behavior in the VHCF regime has not been characterized in detail so far. Accordingly, the fatigue curves in the applicable international design codes have been extended by extrapolation to the range of highest load cycles (Fig. 1). The aim of the cooperative project of the Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (WKK), Materials Testing Institute (MPA) Stuttgart and Framatome GmbH, Germany is to create a comprehensive database up to the highest load cycles N = 2·109 for austenitic stainless steels. For this fatigue tests on metastable austenitic steel AISI 347 / 1.4550 / X6CrNiNb1810 as well as austenitic welds (Fox SAS 2-A) were performed at an ultrasonic testing system at a test frequency of 20 000 Hz to realize acceptable testing times. In addition, an induction generator was implemented in the test system to investigate the influence of operation relevant temperature of 300 °C on the fatigue behavior. The ultrasonic testing system works under displacement control. Therefore, for reliable statements on fatigue life according NUREG/CR-6909 and using of S-N-curve (total-strain amplitude vs. cycle to failure) a fictitious-elastic and elastically-plastic numerical material model was used for calculation of total-strain amplitudes based on experimental data. The results shown, that at ambient temperature (AT) and 300 °C no specimen failure occurred in the VHCF regime for the base material as well as for the welds. Consequently, for these materials a real endurance limit exists. Additionally, in a continuative test a specimen with a pre-autoclaving period in high temperature water (HTW) of 2500 hours was tested in air at a total strain amplitude of 0.1 % in the VHCF-regime up to number of cycle N = 109 using an ultrasonic fatigue testing system. The chemical composition of the HTW for the pre-autoclaving period is comparable to near operation conditions. Afterwards by using of scanning electron microscope no defects or cracks were detected in the oxide layer.
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Youden, James, Desmond Power, Ping Han, Jerry English, Rick Gailing, and Moness Rizkalla. "Satellite-Based Monitoring of Subsidence Ground Movement Impacting Pipeline Integrity." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27321.

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Ground movements due to a range of governing mechanisms are recognized to pose hazards to the operating integrity of pipelines in California. As part of an extensive technology management program, Southern California Gas Company (SoCalGas) is involved in the development and implementation of satellite-based monitoring of subsidence ground movements impacting pipeline integrity. By both hosting a Gas Technology Institute (GTI) and Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI) study and undertaking an internal study, SoCalGas is supporting the investigation of two aspects of this promising pipeline integrity management technology. The current project of monitoring ground subsidence due to oil production in the San Joaquin Valley utilizes synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to derive sub-centimeter ground movement measurements from February to September, 2001. The estimates of the subsidence derived from the SAR data are compared with GPS survey results taken at 65 monuments. In addition, archived SAR data from 1992 to 2000 are used to better estimate the movement that has occurred there over the past decade.
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Abou-Taouk, Abdallah, Suresh Sadasivuni, Daniel Lörstad, and Lars-Erik Eriksson. "Evaluation of Global Mechanisms for LES Analysis of SGT-100 DLE Combustion System." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95454.

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This paper presents the results of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analyses obtained for the experimental version of the SGT-100 Dry Low Emission (DLE) gas turbine burner provided by Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd (SIT). A testing and measurement campaign for this burner was previously carried out at the DLR Institute of Combustion Technology, Stuttgart, Germany, for various operating pressure conditions. The present work shows the successful validation of the CFD model in terms of time-averaged temperature and velocity data within measurement errors at an operating pressure of 3 bar. Several well known global mechanisms are tested in this work, namely the Westbrook Dryer 2-step (WD) scheme, the Jones and Lindstedt 4-step (JL4) scheme, the Meredith et al. 3-step (M3) scheme and a recently developed in-house 4-step scheme (M4) for methane-air mixtures. The M4 scheme is optimized by matching the detailed GRI-Mech 3.0 mechanism in terms of 1D laminar flame speed, using the CHEMKIN software for a wide range of pressures (1 to 6 bar), unburned gas temperatures (295 to 650 K) and equivalence ratios range (0.4 to 1.6). CFD simulations are performed using the Eddy Dissipation Model (EDM)/Finite Rate Chemistry (FRC) non-premixed turbulence chemistry interaction model. Both steady-state Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) and hybrid Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes /Large Eddy Simulation (URANS/LES) turbulence models are used. The LES Wall Adaptive Large Eddy-Viscosity (WALE) model with finite rate chemistry is also tested for validation. Velocity profiles, flame temperatures and major species are compared with experiments for different global reaction mechanisms used with different turbulence models. A reasonable agreement is found with the M4 global reaction mechanism in predicting mixing, temperatures and major species. RANS simulations are observed to underpredict the temperature profiles downstream and overpredict in the upstream region, while the velocity profiles are found to be in close agreement with experiments. The SAS-SST turbulence model predicts the velocity profiles in good agreement with experimental data and slightly better than the RANS model. Both the transient simulations slightly overpredict the temperature profiles. The LES-WALE model gives too high and unrealistic temperatures.
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"Institute and Society Awards Presentations at the San Francisco IMS." In 2006 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwsym.2006.249887.

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Gandjbakhche, A. "Small Animal Fluorescence Imaging at the National Institutes of Health." In Biomedical Topical Meeting. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bio.2004.sa1.

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Reports on the topic "SAS Institute"

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Moore, Gabriel, Sian Rudge, and Brydie Jameson. Quarantine and elective surgery_The Sax Institute. The Sax Institute, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/zxft3500.

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Peters, Sandra. Methodology for Enhancing the International Applicability of the SASB Standards and SASB Standards Taxonomy Updates. CFA Institute, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56227/23.2.3.

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Ellisor, Debra, Nina Buzby, Michael Weaver, Melissa Foley, and Rebecca Pugh. The San Francisco Estuary Institute Collection at the NIST Biorepository. National Institute of Standards and Technology, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.8370.

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Tapiero, Anibal L., Yudy Alejandra Guevara, and Marcela Hernandez. Índices de crecimiento, desarrollo y comportamiento fitosanitario de 7 materiales evaluados en campos clonales en Colombia. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2016.44.

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En el ámbito mundial se dispone de un gran número de clones de caucho (Hevea brasiliensis), desarrollados con diferente especificidad regional. En ausencia de riesgo al Mal Suramericano de las Hojas (SALB) en Asia, el Rubber Research Institute of Malasia (RRIM), el Rubber Research Institute of India (RRII), el Rubber Research Institute of Sri Lanka (RRSL), han desarrollado clones con alta producción de látex, aunque susceptibles a Pseudocercospora ulei (previamente Microcyclus ulei). En América, el Instituto Agronómico do Norte (IAN) y la Ford Motor Company (FX) han desarrollado clones con resistencia a algunas razas de P. ulei (GONÇALVES et al., 1997); en tanto que la Comissão Executiva de Planejamento da Lavoura Cacaueira - CEPLAC se ha orientado al desarrollo de clones con estructuras de copa apropiadas para sistemas agroforestales cacao o café (BONADIE et al., 2012). También, en convenio con el Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - CIRAD de Francia, la empresa Michelin ®, se ha enfocado a la evaluación de clones con resistencia durable al SALB, como los de las series CDC y FDR procedentes de la Firestone en Guatemala y Liberia (GARCÍA et al., 2004). De otra parte, el Instituto Agronómico de Campinas – IAC ha generado clones de interés para Colombia, como IAC 35, IAC 40, IAC 301, IAC 302 que junto con los clones de las series 400 y 500 han mostrado tolerancia a Colletotrichum spp. y P. ulei y buen desarrollo fenotípico en el estado de Sao Paulo. La selección por adaptación de clones en Colombia es aún incipiente, con información fragmentaria relativa al desempeño de las series IAN, FX, RRIM, AVROS, GT y PB en algunos ambientes regionales. Con la reciente ampliación del área de siembra restringida a la utilización de muy pocos clones (MINISTERIO de AGRICULTURA y DESARROLLO RURAL, 2016) hicieron necesario ampliar la evaluación de nuevos clones, cuya productividad se destaque sobre la de los utilizados actualmente y que presenten resistencia a la incidencia de las enfermedades más limitantes.
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Renner, Ernie. Best Manufacturing Practices. Report of Survey Conducted at SAE International and Performance Review Institute, Warrendale, PA. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada397899.

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Vernon, W. Continuation of support for the intercampus Institute for research at particle accelerators. [Univ. of California, San Diego]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7067316.

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Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust, and Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.

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Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.
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8

Moxham-Hall, Vivienne, Anton du Toit, and Deshanie Rawlings. Clinical interventions for e-cigarette cessation in young people: an Evidence Snapshot brokered by the Sax Institute for the NSW Ministry of Health. The Sax Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/fyfv7482.

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Key messages • We found that there are limited studies analysing the effectiveness of e-cigarette cessation interventions in a clinical setting and of those that do exist the sample sizes are small, and the studies are underpowered to make any confident assessment of their effectiveness. • Clinical interventions appropriate for young people included nonpharmacologic interventions such as contingency management and behavioural counselling while NRT may be an effective pharmacologic intervention. • There was limited evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness of behavioural counselling as a stand-alone cessation strategy, but it may be effective in conjunction with other approaches. • Emerging evidence suggests that digital cessation interventions (i.e. text message or app-based delivery) may be the preferred mode of delivery for young people, however, their effectiveness in maintaining abstinence is yet to be confirmed. • Evidence suggests there is a need to quantify and create a consistent measure of nicotine intake to appropriately inform clinical treatment decisions. • Studies are generally very low quality, and it is not possible nor is it appropriate to make any definitive conclusions.
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White, William B., and Jonathan B. Martin. Frontiers of Karst Research: Proceedings and recommendations of the workshop held in San Antonio, Texas on 3-5 May 2007. Karst Waters Institute Special Publication 13. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada500922.

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10

Kurth, Margaret, Bari Greenfeld, Matthew Smith, Samuel Fielding, Marriah Abellera, and Jeffrey King. Financing natural infrastructure : South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project, California. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45240.

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This technical note is part of a series collaboratively produced by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)–Institute for Water Resources (IWR) and the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC). It describes the funding and financing process for the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project in San Francisco Bay, California and, like the other technical notes in this series, documents successful examples of funding natural infrastructure projects. The research effort is a collaboration between the Engineering With Nature® (EWN®) and Systems Approach to Geomorphic Engineering (SAGE) programs of USACE. A key need for greater application of natural infrastructure approaches is information about obtaining funds to scope, design, construct, monitor, and adaptively manage these projects. As natural infrastructure techniques vary widely by location, purpose, and scale, there is no standard process for securing funds. The goal of this series is to share lessons learned about a variety of funding and financing methods to increase the implementation of natural infrastructure projects.
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