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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sasanian'
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1
Bagot, David John. "State and aristocracy in the Sasanian Empire." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6949.
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This thesis aims to consider the competing visions of Sasanian Iran advanced by Arthur Christensen in ‘L'Iran sous les Sassanides' (1944) and Parvaneh Pourshariati in ‘Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire' (2008), discuss the relevant evidence in relation to their arguments, and to suggest our own theory of how the Sasanian Empire operated. Christensen argued for the strength of the Sasanian monarchy and the subservience of the aristocracy to the kings, whilst Pourshariati's thesis stressed Sasanian royal weakness and the relative power of the aristocracy. These theses are incompatible, offering fundamentally different conceptions of the natures of the Sasanian monarchy and aristocracy, and how they interacted with each other. Firstly, this thesis critiques the models established by Christensen and Pourshariati, especially their failure to acknowledge evidence at variance with their thesis, and their lack of discussion concerning how the aristocracy perceived their relationship with the monarchy. We then turn to our own discussion of the evidence relating to the Sasanian monarchy and royal power, and the cultural outlook of the aristocracy, with reference to the above theories, so as to understand how strong the Sasanian monarchy was, the nature of royal power, and how the aristocracy perceived their relationship with the crown. We argue for a conception of Sasanian Iran somewhere between the theories of Christensen and Pourshariati. There is very little evidence that the Sasanian kings ruled through a state enjoying significant institutional power; indeed Sasanian power seems very limited in the periphery of the Empire. However, the inherent respect for the monarchy held by the aristocracy, and the ties of mutual dependence which existed between kings and aristocrats, allowed for Sasanian rule to in general be highly effective.
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Simpson, St John. "Aspects of the archaeology of the Sasanian period in Mesopotamia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.577570.
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Puschnigg, Gabriele. "A diachronic and stylistic assessment of the ceramic evidence from Sasanian Merv." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343958.
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Morley, Craig. "Rome and the Sasanian Empire in the fifth century A.D. : a necessary peace." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2025143/.
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Since Ardashir’s victory over the Parthians in A.D 224 to his successors’ eventual defeat at the hands of the Arabs in 651 the Roman and Sasanian Empires had been bitter and deadly rivals. Throughout Late Antiquity the Roman-Sasanian relationship was dominated by competition; a constant battle for imperial prestige, military supremacy, cultural influence and economic advantage. In the course of their relationship Ctesiphon, the Sasanian capital, was sacked by Roman forces, the Roman emperor Valerian was captured and taken prisoner, Julian the Apostate was killed by Sassanian forces in his infamous campaign of 363, and the great Roman city of Antioch had been captured and razed. Yet in this seemingly never-ending imperial struggle the fifth century stands out as a period of unprecedented peace between the imperial rivals. It is the aim of this thesis to analyse what made the fifth century a unique period of peace. This thesis seeks to expand on current scholarship on the fifth-century Roman-Sasanian relationship, which has focused on the investigation of specific and individual events, by taking a more holistic approach. In this regard, all aspects of the relationship, military conflicts, frontier zones, barbarian threats, religious issues, economic considerations and the development of diplomatic contacts, will be analysed in order to identify what pushed the two empires towards a peace and, more importantly, how this peace was maintained in the face of old hostilities and traditional antagonism. Viewing the Roman-Sasanian relationship as merely one part of the wider late antique world, not as something unique and separate, will also be a key component of this investigation. Central to the aim and approach of this thesis is the use of political realism, a theory for understanding international relations, to reveal the motivations and pressures that both empires faced in this period that pushed them towards peace. In this regard, it will be argued that the Roman and Sasanian overriding desire and goal of ensuring their own safety and security in an anarchic world in the face of the new and dangerous threats posed by the ascendant Huns, Hephthalites and Vandals was the underlying motivation behind the fifth-century peace. It was the threat posed by these groups that forced a shift in Roman-Sasanian relations towards the accommodation that both needed to survive the turbulent fifth century. As such, it was these new threats that stimulated the development of imperial diplomacy in the fifth century that allowed the two empires to mediate their traditional casus belli and maintain peace throughout this period. This diplomatic development allowed them to reach new and innovative diplomatic solutions to their problems in the frontier zones of Arabia and Armenia.
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Movassat, Johanna Domela. "The large vault at Taq-i Bustan : a study in late Sasanian [i.e. Sassanian] royal art /." Lewiston (N.Y.) : E. Mellen Press, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39969536z.
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RICCIARDI, RYAN ANN. "A RECONSIDERATION OF THE ICONOGRAPHY OF THE TRIUMPHAL RELIEFS OF SHAPUR I." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1046729676.
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Karimian, Hassan. "Space and society at Bam : an archaeological investigation of Iranian urban space." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4337.
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During the 1980s, it was frequently claimed that spatial patterns of archaeological and contemporary settlements were closely related to the social nature of the societies which had created and modelled them (Hietala 1984; Hillier & Hanson 1984). Despite a decade of alternative claims, such theories are still widely accepted although in many cases the emphasis has shifted from economic factors to symbolic or social ones. The presence of a class-based social system is one of the major characteristics of Iranian society during the Sasanian era (224-651 CE). This social system was based upon the official religion of Sasanians - Zoroastrianism - and had a major impact on most aspects of Iranian society during this period. The far-reaching impact of this social system on architectural space and urban infrastructure is clearly representative of a class-based society. The collapse of the Sasanian world, accelerated by Arab invasions (641 CE), severely reduced the dominance of Zoroastrianism within Iran, heralding a fundamental change in the social life of its people. These changes, accompanied by the acceptance of a new religion, have been the focus of several researchers over the last decades (Kennedy 2001). In contrast to Sasanian society, Early Islamic social structure was characterised as one of equality and its urban forms as ones with little differentiation as typified by Medina (Zarrinkub 1993). The aim of this dissertation is to test the above assumptions and models with reference to a single urban site - the city of Barn. Selected due to its Pre-Islamic and Islamic occupations, its excellent state of preservation allows a full testing of the above assumptions through archaeological analysis. The results of this research indicate a continuation of patterns of Sasanian space and society into the Islamic period. In addition, the space and society of Bam, documented in this research, provides an important step towards a further understanding of the social and spatial organisation of Sasanian and Early-Islamic cities, as well as providing a foundation for additional research in this field.
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Rouhani, Esfahani Mina. "Représentation des femmes dans l'argenterie sassanide du IIIe au VIIe siècle : une approche iconographique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0618.
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L’étude de la représentation des femmes sur les objets d’art de l’Iran Sassanide (224-651 EC) a signifié à la fois un défi considérable mais a suscité en même temps beaucoup de plaisir et de curiosité. Au cours des quatre siècles sassanides, on constate une augmentation des représentations féminines sur les vaisselles en argent notamment à la fin de cette période. De plus, cette iconographie a évolué de façon beaucoup plus significative que sur toute autre source artistique à cette époque telle que les bas-reliefs, les sceaux et cachets, les monnaies, les mosaïques, les stucs et les figurines.Le volume I (texte, illustrations) étudie sur trois chapitres les représentations des femmes sur les argenteries puis compare leur iconographie avec celle des autres objets d’arts. Le volume II est constitué du catalogue reprenant les documents des représentations féminines sur l’argenterie Sassanide du IIIe siècle au VIIe siècle (61 objets en argent). Une annexe comporte les explications supplémentaires, les tableaux et les figures pour soutenir les chapitres de Volume IThe study of women representations on works of art from Sasanid Iran (224-651 CE) has not only meant a tremendous challenge subject but also a source of pleasure and curiosity. During the four Sassanid centuries, the female representations on silver vessels have increased especially at the end of this period. The relevant iconography on vessels have significantly changed more than on any other artistic sources of this period such as the rock reliefs, seals, coins, mosaics, stucco and figurines.Volume I (text, illustrations) in three chapters, studies women representations on silver vessels and addresses the comparison of its iconography with other works of art of this period.Volume II is the catalog of iconographic documents on women representations on Sassanid silver vessels from the 3rd to the 7th century (61 silver objects).An appendix contains additional explanations, tables and figures to support the chapters of Volume I
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Hopper, Kristen Alicia. "The Gorgan Plain of northeast Iran : a diachronic analysis of settlement and land use patterns relating to urban, rural and mobile populations on a Sasanian frontier." Thesis, Durham University, 2017. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12326/.
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The Gorgan Plain of northeast Iran was one of the northern frontiers of the Sasanian Empire (c. AD 225-640), and was marked by considerable investment in water management and defensive features such as canals, fortifications and the nearly 200 km long-wall known as the Gorgan Wall. However, in comparison we know very little about settlement and land use associated with urban, rural, and mobile pastoral communities in this period. What impact did Sasanian investment in this landscape have on settlement patterns, networks of movement, and subsistence economies of the communities inhabiting the plain, and how do these developments fit within the long-term settlement history of the region? This thesis reconstructs Late Iron Age through Islamic settlement and land use patterns utilising data obtained from historical (CORONA) satellite imagery, integrated with the available settlement data draw from field surveys conducted by the Gorgan Wall project, other published surveys, and historical and ethnographic information. At the local and regional scale, the observed trends are discussed in terms of changes in site type and location, subsistence strategies and agricultural investment. These trends are then compared to landscape developments associated with the later territorial empires in other regions of the Near East.
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Jackson, Bonner Michael Richard. "An historiographical study of Abu Hanifa Ahmad ibn Dawud ibn Wanand al-Dinawari's Kitab al-Ahbar al-Tiwal (especially of that part dealing with the Sasanian kings)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:36f7c6b5-f9f2-44cd-83e6-2a4eaa7f4559.
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This thesis is a study of the pre-Islamic passages of Abū Ḥanīfa Aḥmad ibn Dāwūd ibn Wanand Dīnawarī's Kitāb al-Aḫbār al-Ṭiwāl. This is to say that it stops at the beginning of the Arab conquest of Iran. It is intended for scholars of Late Antiquity. Special emphasis is placed on Dīnawarī's exposition of the rule of the Sasanian dynasty and questions relating to the mysterious Ḫudāynāma tradition which are intimately connected with it. Beginning with a discussion of Dīnawarī and his work, the thesis moves into a discussion of indigenous Iranian historiography. Speculation on the sources of Kitāb al-Aḫbār al-Ṭiwāl follows, and the historiographical investigation of the most substantial portion of Kitāb al-Aḫbār al-Ṭiwāl's notices on the Sasanian dynasty comes next. The conclusion summarises the findings of the thesis. The final section (an appendix) is a translation of the relevant part of Kitāb al-Aḫbār al-Ṭiwāl running from the beginning of that text to the reign of Šīrūya. This thesis was written with one main question in mind: what does Dīnawarī's Kitāb al-Aḫbār al-Ṭiwāl have to say about pre-Islamic Iranian history? A host of other questions arose immediately: who was Dīnawarī; when did he live; what did he do; how was his work perceived by others; where did Dīnawarī get his information and how did he present it; is Dīnawarī's information reliable? These questions are addressed one by one in my thesis.
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Poinsot, Delphine. "Les animaux de la Perse : étude du corpus des sceaux et des bulles d’époque sassanide." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEP026.
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La dynastie des perses sassanides (224-651) a laissé un important répertoire d’images via le conséquent corpus de la glyptique. Son iconographie est caractérisée par une représentation répétitive et normée, et possède plusieurs thèmes, dont celui de la figuration animale. En quoi la représentation des animaux dans la glyptique d’époque sassanide est-elle l’enregistrement d’un savoir zoologique ? Peut-on trouver à son aspect répétitif et normé une forme de structuration ? Pour répondre à ces questions, nous avons suivi la méthode d’analyse iconologique d’E. Panofsky, en l’adaptant à notre corpus. La première étape est la description. Nous avons construit un système d’information documentaire permettant l’enregistrement dissocié de l’ensemble des informations iconographiques contenu dans un objet de la glyptique. L’étape intermédiaire est l’analyse iconographique, pour laquelle nous avons effectué une identification zoologique de chaque espèce. La dernière étape de cette méthode est l’analyse historique de ces informations iconographiques, ici dans le contexte de la glyptique et de la culture d’époque sassanide. Les principaux résultats de cette étude sont la construction d’un outil adapté à l’étude de la glyptique ; la mise en lumière de l’originalité du système zoroastrien de classification des espèces ; la correction d’identifications erronées pour celles-ci ; la structuration du système iconographique autour des deux pôles, quadrupèdes et oiseaux ; et enfin l’identification d’un double répertoire iconographique, zoroastrien et impérial comme préalable au choix de la figuration animaleThe persian dynasty of the Sasanian (224-651) left an important repertoire of images through the consequent corpus of the glyptic. Its iconography is characterized by a repetitive and standardized representation, and has several themes, including that of animal figuration. In what way is the representation of animals in the Sasanian era’s glyptic the recording of a zoological knowledge? Can one find in the repetitive and standardized aspect a form of structuring? To answer these questions, we have followed the iconological analysis method of E. Panofsky, adapting it to the characteristics of our corpus. The first step is the description. We have built a documentary information system allowing dissociated recording of all iconographic informations contained in an object of the glyptic. The intermediate stage is the iconographic analysis, for which we carried out a zoological identification of each species. The last step is the historical analysis of the iconographic informations, here in the context of glyptic and sasanian culture. The main results of this study are: the construction of a tool adapted to the study of the glyptic, highlighting the originality of the Zoroastrian system of classification of species; the correction of erroneous identifications for these; the structuring of the iconographic system around two poles, quadrupeds and birds; and finally the identification of a double zoroastrian and imperial iconographic repertoire as a preliminary to the choice of animal figuration
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Brelaud, Simon. "Présences chrétiennes en Mésopotamie durant l’époque sassanide (IIIe-VIIe siècles) : géographie et société." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL146.
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La présente thèse étudie à la fois les réalités de la présence chrétienne en Mésopotamie ainsi que l’image que les chrétiens se sont données d’eux-mêmes. Installé sur les rives du Tigre et de l’Euphrate, le christianisme de l’empire perse s’est diffusé à l’ombre d’un pouvoir non chrétien, comme dans l’empire romain. Toutefois les destinées des deux christianismes, celui d’Occident et celui d’Orient, se sont séparées lorsque l’empire romain est devenu chrétien. Les chrétiens de la Mésopotamie sassanide ont dû alors osciller entre l’hostilité franche du pouvoir et les périodes de tolérance jusqu’à la chute de la dynastie au milieu du VIIe siècle. Le christianisme mésopotamien fut caractérisé par une forme de diversité à la fois linguistique et religieuse, marqué par la porosité avec les autres groupes, contre laquelle les autorités religieuses n’ont cessé de délimiter des frontières claires. Il s’est progressivement étendu à l’ensemble des couches de la société sassanide, jusqu’aux élites dirigeantes, et jusqu’aux campagnes. Alors, une production littéraire et historiographique d’ampleur a contribué à la formation d’un portrait cohérent et linéaire dans la documentation syro-orientale dominante, issue de l’Église de l’Est. Ailleurs, des mémoires divergentes des chrétiens de Perse nous sont parvenuesThis dissertation looks at both the realities of the Christian presence in Mesopotamia and how the Christians constructed their own image. Established on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Christianity during the Persian Empire it developed under a shadowy non-Christian power, as with the case with the Roman Empire. However, the fate of Western and Eastern Christianities diverged when the Roman Empire became Christian. In Sasanian Mesopotamia, the treatment of Christians wavered between direct hostility from Zoroastrian power and periods of tolerance, until the fall of the dynasty in the middle of the 7th century. A form of linguistic and religious diversity characterized Mesopotamian Christianity. The lines between Christians and the other communities were narrow, which caused religious authorities to draw clear boundaries between Christians and non-Christians. Christianity expanded into the whole Sasanian society, including the peasantry and ruling elites. Therefore, after the 5th century, there was a large proliferation of East-Syrian literature and historiography, which had a key role in the development of the dominant Christian image within the Church of Persia. However, other literary traditions passed down different views of the Christians of Sasanian Mesopotamia
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Olaya, Montero Núria. "Las fuentes clásicas y orientales relativas a las fronteras septentrionales del imperio sasánida (224-651)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457542.
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Esta tesis es un estudio sobre las relaciones entre el Irán sasánida, llamado así a causa de la dinastía gobernante en Persia desde el primer cuarto del siglo III d.C. hasta la segunda mitad del siglo VII d.C., y los nómadas esteparios de Eurasia Central (iranófonos y/o turcófonos). Estos contactos entre los persas sasánidas y los pueblos nómadas esteparios no siempre fueron pacíficos, ya que existieron numerosos conflictos militares entre ellos, aunque también hubo momentos de paz, en los que florecieron las alianzas y el comercio. Este trabajo, dividido según los reinados de los diferentes reyes sasánidas, se centra en las fronteras septentrionales del Imperio persa, con especial interés en los principales focos de penetración nómada: las regiones caucásicas (actualmente en el noroeste del Irán, Azerbaiyán, Armenia, Georgia y el sur de Rusia) y las estepas de Asia Central (noreste del Irán, Turkmenistán, Uzbekistán, Kazajistán, Tayikistán, Afganistán y el norte de Pakistán), de acuerdo con las informaciones recogidas por fuentes contemporáneas y posteriores (desde los inicios del siglo III hasta el siglo XVI). Estas fuentes se encuentran en diversas lenguas y, pese a que las fuentes clásicas (griegas y latinas) son mayoritarias, también se cuenta con testimonios en persa medio, árabe, armenio, bactriano, chino, etíope, georgiano, paleoturco, persa, siriaco y sogdiano, entre otros. Así pues, se ha recopilado un corpus de textos originales con traducción junto con un comentario de realia destinado a ser utilizado como un instrumentum philologicum para la investigación histórico-arqueológica.This doctoral dissertation is a study on the relations between Sasanian Iran, named after the ruling dynasty in Persia from the first quarter of the 3rd century AD to the second half of the 7th century AD, and the Central Eurasian steppe nomads (Iranian and / or Turkic speaking). These relations between Sasanians and steppe nomads were not always peaceful, considering that there was much warfare between them; although, there were also times of peace, in which alliances and commerce flourished. This dissertation, divided according to the reigns of the different Sasanian kings, focuses on the Northern frontiers of the Persian Empire, with special interest in the main spots of nomad penetration: the Caucasian regions (nowadays, Northwest Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia and South Russia) and the steppes of Central Asia (Northeast Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan and North Pakistan), all that according to the information collected by contemporary and later sources from the beginning of the 3rd century AD up to the 16th century AD. These sources are in different languages and, even though Classical (Greek and Latin) sources are the majority of them, there is also evidence in Middle Persian, Arab, Armenian, Bactrian, Chinese, Ethiopian, Georgian, Old Turkic, Persian, Syriac and Sogdian, among others. So, this thesis has gathered a corpus of original texts with translation and a realia commentary, destined to be used as an instrumentum philologicum for historical-archaeological research.
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Delaini, Paolo <1966>. "La scuola di Gundēšābūr. La conoscenza del corpo umano (anatomia e fisiologia) e la trasmissione delle teorie medico-scientifiche nel mondo sasanide e post-sasanide." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4985/.
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Questo lavoro traccia un quadro della diffusione e trasmissione delle conoscenze riguardanti l’anatomia e la fisiologia del corpo umano nel mondo iranico in età sasanide (III-VII sec. d.C.). La tesi analizza il ruolo delle scuole di medicina in territorio iranico, come quelle sorte a Nisibi e Gundēšābūr, delle figure dei re sasanidi interessati alla filosofia e alla scienza greca, e dei centri di studio teologico e medico che, ad opera dei cristiani siro-orientali, si fecero promotori della conoscenza medico-scientifica greca in terra d’Iran.This paper provides an overview of the spread and transmission of knowledge about the anatomy and physiology of the human body in the Iranian world in Sasanian times (3rd to 7th Century AD). The thesis analyzes the role of medical schools in the Iranian territory, such as those arising in Nisibis and Gundēšābūr, the figures of the Sasanian kings interested in philosophy and Greek science, and theological study centers and physicians who, by the work of East-Syrian Christians, became promoters of Greek scientific medical knowledge in the Iranian world.
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Sangari, Esmaeil. "Les femmes à l’époque sassanide. Données iconographiques et sources textuelles en Iran du IIIème au VIIème siècle apr. J.-C." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20125.
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L’étude de la place et du statut des femmes dans l’Iran sassanide est fondée sur des données textuelles (cinq livres en pehlevie) et sur des matériaux archéologiques et iconographiques. L’objectif est la confrontation entre les deux séries de sources.Le volume I (texte, illustrations) en trois chapitres étudie les représentations des femmes puis traite du statut des femmes d’après les textes. Le troisième chapitre est la confrontation des deux séries de données. Le deuxième volume est le catalogue donnant d’une part la transcription et la traduction de textes d’époque sassanide et post-sassanide décrivant la situation des femmes dans la société, accompagnées de commentaires ; d’autre part des documents iconographiques: personnages féminins sur les bas-reliefs, sceaux et cachets, argenterie, mosaïques, monnaies, tissus, stucs, figurines et quelques autres objets.Au cours des quatre siècles sassanides, on constate une évolution relativement positive du statut de la femme d’après les textes, et en parallèle une augmentation des représentations féminines sur des documents officiels comme les sceaux, les meilleurs indicateurs de la place et du rôle des femmes dans la société de l’Iran sassanideThe study of the role and status of women in Sasanian Iran is based on the textual sources (five books in Pahlavi) and series of archaeological and iconographic objects. This dissertation aims at confronting these two series of data.Volume I (text and illustrations) including three chapters is a study of women representation on the iconographic objects and then deals with their status in the texts. In the third chapter these two categories will be confronted. Volume II contains the catalogues: on the one hand the transcription and translation of the texts surviving from Sasanian and Post-Sasanian periods, which describe women’s status in the society, enriched with some commentaries; on the other hand the catalogue of iconographic evidence depicting women, including rock-reliefs, seals and bullae, silverware, mosaics, coins, fabrics, stuccoes, figurines, textiles, and the other varied kinds of objects. Our investigations suggest a rather positive evolution of the women’s status during the four-century period of the Sasanian empire, according to the available texts. At the same time, one observes an increasing number of female representations on such official documents as the seals, which are the most precise evidence on the social situation and place of women in Sasanian Iran
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Zubani, Alessia. "Les machines du pouvoir : technique et politique entre l’Iran sassanide et le califat abbasside." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLP055.
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Dans l’Antiquité, la recherche et la réflexion sur la technique permettent les premières réalisations de dispositifs ingénieux, tels que des appareils qui accomplissent une série d’actions par le biais de stimulus externes et de mécanismes cachés. Les organismes politiques et religieux saisissent rapidement la puissance communicative de ces machines, en devenant les promoteurs et patrons privilégiés de leur production. L’Empire sassanide (224-650) ne constitue pas une exception. En effet, les souverains perses consacrent, au moins à l’époque tardive, une grande attention à la conception et au déploiement de dispositifs savants et ingénieux. De même, un siècle plus tard, dans le milieu du califat islamique, les Abbassides (750-1258) semblent également s’entourer de tels dispositifs. La continuité entre les deux empires dans plusieurs domaines, de la théorie politique à l’administration, est bien connue. Cependant, la question de la réutilisation du patrimoine technique et scientifique ancien, et notamment sassanide, par la cour abbasside, demeure encore largement inexplorée. L’étude d’un corpus de sources, aussi vaste qu’hétérogène, rassemblant des ouvrages historiographiques, géographiques, poétiques et d’adab, ainsi que des traités scientifiques et techniques en plusieurs langues, permet d’analyser différents aspects de la production et de l’usage politique des machines. Au sein de la cour sassanide, comme de la cour abbasside, la machine s’avère constituer un véhicule préférentiel de représentation et de diffusion de l’idéologie politique. À travers sa mise en scène publique, elle contribue de manière substantielle à la définition de l’espace du pouvoir, en participant à la création d’une image de la cour comme un microcosme au cœur duquel le Roi des rois, et plus tard le calife, occupaient le rôle cardinal de maître incontesté du monde. La continuité entre l’empire sassanide et l’empire abbasside dans le domaine technique ne se limite donc pas à une récupération de savoirs, mais s’opère aussi sous la forme d’une véritable réactivation d’un patrimoine symboliqueIn the Antique world, research on technology and applied sciences allowed for the construction of the very first ingenious devices, i.e. apparatuses which, through external stimulation and hidden mechanisms, can perform a series of actions and movements. Political and religious organisms quickly came to appreciate the communicative power of such devices, thus actively sponsoring their production. The Sasanian Empire (224-650) is no exception. In fact, at least since the late period, Iranian rulers devoted remarkable attention to the conception and material deployment of ingenious devices. Similar efforts seem to have been taken about a century later by the Abbasids (750-1258). The continuity between these two empires in various domains, such as political theory and administration, is widely acknowledged. However, the issue of the recovery of the ancient – and, particularly, Sasanian – technical and scientific heritage by the Abbasid court is still largely neglected. The study of a various corpus of historiographic, geographic, poetic, and literary sources, as well as of scientific treaties, allows shedding light on various aspects regarding the production and political use of machines at the Abbasid court. Both at the Sasanian and the Abbasid court, ingenious devices prove themselves to be a preferential vehicle of representation and diffusion of political ideology. Through their public display, they substantially contributed to the definition of the space of power, taking part in the creation of an image of the court as a microcosm in which the King of kings, and later on the Caliph, hold the cardinal place of universal world-rulers. The Sasanian-Abbasid continuity in the realm of technology and science thus is not limited to the recovery, by Abbasid scholars, of Sasanian scientific knowledge, but rather takes the form of a true reactivation of a symbolic heritage
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Landskron, Alice. "Parther und Sasaniden : das Bild der Orientalen in der römischen Kaiserzeit /." Wien : Phoibos, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41035092x.
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Hasan, Bekas. "Les bas-reliefs rupestres des montagnes du Kurdistan (Irak) : (IIIème millénaire avant J.C..- IIIème siècle après J.C.)." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2030/document.
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Cette étude concerne les bas-reliefs rupestres des montagnes du Kurdistan irakien, notamment ceux découverts dans les trois provinces de Dohuk, Erbil et Sulaymaniyeh.Les bas-reliefs sont une source importante de données sur les sociétés du Proche-Orient ancien. Ils sont des témoignages d’idéologies, de croyances, de cérémonies et de rituels anciens. Nous avons pris en compte une large période depuis le début de l’âge du Bronze jusqu’au 3e siècle après J.-C. Cela concerne un corpus d’étude de 132 objets dont 43 bas-reliefs du Kurdistan irakien. Les bas-reliefs étaient aussi un moyen de satisfaire le désir d'immortalité des gouvernants ; une partie de ces bas-reliefs représentent une iconographie royale avec des scènes de guerre et de victoire sur les ennemis, de couronnement royal, la mise en place des projets d’irrigation, d’autres concernent des événements religieux.L’analyse des bas-reliefs a été effectuée à partir d’observations réalisées sur le terrain et l’étude de la bibliographie existante afin de mieux connaître les causes de leur création. Nous disposons de mesures précises, de photos et de schémas de ces bas-reliefs, élaborés de façon exhaustive et similaire, ce qui permet ensuite de les comparer avec d'autres vestiges archéologiques bien datés. Nous les avons traité sur les plans technique et artistique, en étudiant l’iconographie, les décors, les personnages, les vêtements, les armes et les symboles divins que l’on retrouve sur ces œuvres. Cette analyse détaillée des éléments figurés et des scènes de ces reliefs est très utile pour connaitre leur contexte historique qui étaient encore mal connues, en raison du grand nombre d’avis contradictoires émis par les précédents chercheurs.Nous retraçons à travers ces bas-reliefs une fresque de l’histoire du Kurdistan irakien qui va de 3000 avant J.-C à 300 ans après J.-CThis study concerns the rock reliefs of the mountains of the Kurdistan (Iraq), including those discovered in three provinces of Dohuk, Erbil and Sulaymaniyeh.The reliefs are an important source of data concerning the societies of the Ancient Near East. They have been used as evidence of former ideologies, beliefs, ceremonies and rituals. We have taken in account a large period from the early Bronze Age until the 3rd century after AD. This concerns a corpus of study including 132 objects which 43 low-reliefs found in the Iraqi Kurdistan. The reliefs were also a way to satisfy the desire for immortality of previous rulers; some of these reliefs represent a royal iconography with scenes of war and victory on the enemies, royal coronation, the implementation of projects of irrigation; others relate to religious events.The analysis of the low-reliefs was conducted from observations of the field and by the study of the previous bibliography to have a better knowledge of the causes of their creations. We have a description of these reliefs with accurate measurements, photos, and drawing, done with exhaustive and similar methods, which then allows them to compare with other well dated archaeological evidence. Then we have dealed with these reliefs on technical and artistic level, by studying their iconography, the decors, the characters, the clothes, the weapons and the divine symbols found on these works. This detailed analysis of the figuredelements and sceneries of these reliefs is very useful to know their historic context that were still not wellknown, because of the large number of conflicting opinions from the previous researchers.We track through these low-reliefs a fresco of the Iraqi Kurdistan history that goes from 3000 BC to 300 years after AD
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Potluri, Sasanka Verfasser], Christian [Gutachter] [Diedrich, and Andreas [Gutachter] Wendemuth. "Efficient deep learning algorithms for securing Industrial Control Systems from cyberattacks / Sasanka Potluri ; Gutachter: Christian Diedrich, Andreas Wendemuth." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1232911798/34.
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Ghannad, Hervé. "Rupture et continuité dans la politique étrangère de la République Islamique d'Iran." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20030.
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Depuis la révolution iranienne de 1979, la diplomatie du régime en place semble marquer une rupture avec un anti-occidentalisme affiché –l’affrontement sous forme de guerre asymétrique avec les USA-, un antisionisme déclaré-les déclarations du Président Ahmadinejad- et le réveil de la vieille rivalité arabo-musulmane –Guerre Iran/Irak et perturbations par des fidèles iraniens du pèlerinage de la Mecque. Des moyens conventionnels et non conventionnel sont employés, du terrorisme avec de nombreux attentats, au pan chiisme avec l’utilisation à des fins politiques de communautés chiites dans les pays du Golfe, en passant par le chantage de la fermeture du détroit d’Ormuz où transitent près de 40 % du pétrole de la planète. Pourtant, cette attitude, si ambiguë et si violente par certains égards, semble n’est que le reflet de la continuité diplomatique, au regard de l’histoire de cette antique civilisation. La peur de l’éclatement interne, comme d’ailleurs celle des pays limitrophes, ont poussé ce pays depuis des millénaires à adopter une diplomatie de l’équilibre, dans une sorte de diplomatie des 4 points cardinaux. De plus, la Perse puis l’Iran a toujours possédé un désir hégémonique régional au niveau du Golfe persique, désir qui s’est traduit par de nombreuses guerres avec ses voisins, notamment avec l’ex Mésopotamie- L’Irak. Cela s’est traduit par la recherche d’une armée puissante, le nucléaire n’étant qu’un moyen pour affirmer sa grandeur ou diplomatie de la synthèse. Les négociations actuelles placent la République islamique d’Iran au centre du grand jeu asiatique où s’affrontent deux supers puissance en devenir, l’Inde et la Chine. Offrir la possibilité à l’Iran d’être reconnu comme un acteur civil du nucléaire la positionne comme une référence vis-à-vis des pays arabes : l’Iran devient , de facto , hégémonique Les ruptures ne sont en fait que des continuités liées aux valeurs perses, fondées sur l’indépendance, le désir de briller et de dominer. L’histoire, la religion, et l’Iranité sont la source de ces valeurs identitaires, terreau et fondement de la diplomatie de la République islamique d’IranSince the Iranian revolution of 1979, the diplomacy of the regime seems to mark a break with an anti-Westernism -l'affrontement displayed in the form of asymmetric war with the USA-a-Zionism declared presidential statements and waking Ahmadinejad- the old Arab-Muslim rivalry -Guerre Iran / Iraq and disturbances by Iranian faithful pilgrimage to Mecca. Conventional and non-conventional means are employed, with many terrorist attacks in Shia pan with the use for political purposes Shiite communities in the Gulf, through blackmail closing the Strait of Hormuz where handling approximately 40% of the oil on the planet. Yet this attitude, so ambiguous and so violent in some ways seem is but a reflection of the diplomatic continuity, in terms of the history of this ancient civilization. Fear of the internal breakdown, as also that of neighboring countries has driven this country for thousands of years to adopt a diplomacy of balance, in a kind of diplomacy 4 cardinal points. Furthermore, Persia and Iran has always had a regional hegemonic desire in the Persian Gulf, a desire that has led many wars with its neighbors, including the former Mésopotamie- Iraq. This was reflected by the search of a powerful army, nuclear being a means to assert its size or diplomacy synthesis. The current negotiations put the Islamic Republic of Iran at the center of the great Asian game where two great power clash in the making, India and China. Provide an opportunity for Iran to be recognized as a civil nuclear player in the position as vis-à-vis the reference of Arab countries: Iran becomes de facto hegemonic Ruptures are in fact only continuities related to Persian values, based on independence, the desire to shine and dominate. The history, religion, and Iranianness are the source of these identity values, soil and foundation of the diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran
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Amanatidis-Saadé, George. "Yazdgird I - He Who Maintains Peace in His Dominion: Re-examining the Rise and Fall of Romano-Iranian Relations in the Early Fifth Century." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39075.
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It is generally acknowledged among scholars in the field of Late Antiquity that relations
between the Roman and Iranian Empires reached its climax in the early fifth century. Countless
sources report a variety of co-operative events depicting positive dealings between the Iranian
shah Yazdgird and the Roman emperors Arcadius and Theodosius II. On the other hand, there
exist just as many accounts that Yazdgird persecuted the Christians of his realm towards the end
of his life. We are thus left with opposing narratives about the Iranian monarch, and no
clarification about what truly transpired.
This thesis seeks to clarify the ambiguities surrounding Yazdgird‟s reign. In order to
achieve this goal, the events and circumstances that led to the apogee of Roman-Iranian relations
is first retraced. An examination of potential sources of tension follows this, with the thesis
culminating in the final chapter directly engaging the question of whether Yazdgird persecuted
the Christians of his realm or not.
The focus of this study is not solely to answer the question outlined above, but also to
analyze and revise the entire topic utilizing a more holistic approach. Recent scholarship on East
Syrian Christianity and the Sasanian Empire aided in providing alternative perspectives to the
traditionally unilateral Roman views of the outlined issues. These different viewpoints in turn
helped shape new interpretations and conclusions concerning the apogee and decline of RomanoIranian relations in the early fifth century.
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Robinet, Jean-Michel. "Le Cercle de justice et la notion de justice dans l’espace iranien, des inscriptions sassanides au Čahār Maqāle." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLP060.
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Il incombe au souverain d’apporter la prospérité, il est ainsi à même de lever un impôt dont le produit lui permet d’entretenir une armée affectée à la défense du royaume. Si rien ne vient en enrayer la course ce mécanisme vertueux, ce Cercle de justice, a vocation à se reproduire à l’infini. Le cercle est omniprésent dans les Miroirs des princes iraniens des XIe et XIIe siècles et deux de leurs plus éminents spécimens, le Sīyar al-Molūk et le Naṣīḥat al-Molūk saisissent dans l’ère sassanide une période où les souverains, élus de Dieu et habités par la justice, sont institués en modèles. Les enchaînements subsumés par le cercle sont en réalité bien antérieurs à la période sassanide et, pour nous en tenir à Hammurabi de Babylone (1792-1750 av. J.-C.), le « code » qui lui est associé le présente en souverain appelé par les dieux pour, pasteur, apporter prospérité et protection au troupeau dont il a la charge. Dans cette longue histoire du cercle le rôle des Sassanides n’aura pas été négligeable puisqu’il leur serait revenu de pérenniser les objectifs qui leur étaient assignés (prospérité et protection) par le moyen du trésor royal ou de l’impôt. Se résumerait-il à un produit de l’idéologie royale le cercle mérite examen en ce qu’il témoigne précisément de l’époque, des époques, qui l’ont vu invoqué en principe de gouvernement. Notre recherche s’est ainsi proposée d’identifier les références au Cercle de justice au cours de l’ère sassanide, de les resituer dans leurs environnements religieux, politiques et sociaux et d’en cerner la portée, avant d’en suivre les évolutions dans l’espace iranien au cours des premiers siècles de l’Islam jusqu’à peu avant l’invasion mongole, soit au total sur une période de plus de 9 sièclesIt is the sovereign’s responsibility to bring prosperity, thus he is able to raise a tax, the proceeds of which enable him to maintain an army assigned to the defense of the kingdom. If nothing comes to stop the race this virtuous mechanism, this Circle of Justice, has a vocation to reproduce infinitely. The circle is omnipresent in the Iranian Mirrors of princes of the 11th and 12th centuries, and two of their most eminent specimens, the Sīyar al-Molūk and the Naṣīḥat al-Molūk capture in the Sasanid era a period when the rulers, elected by God and inhabited by justice, are instituted as models. The subsumed sequences of the circle actually predate the Sassanid period and, to keep us at Hammurabi of Babylon (1792-1750 BC), the “code” associated with it as a sovereign called by the gods to, pastor, bring prosperity and protection to the herd in his care. In this long history of the circle the role of the Sasanids will not have been negligible since it would have been their return to perpetuate the objectives assigned to them (prosperity and protection) through the royal treasury or tax. Would it be a product of royal ideology the circle deserves examination in that it testifies precisely to the time, the eras, which saw it invoked in principle of government. Our research thus proposed to identify references to the Circle of Justice during the Sasanid era, to re-establish them in their religious, political and social environments and to identify their scope, before following its evolutions in Iranian space during the first centuries of Islam until shortly before the Mongol invasion, a total of more than 9 centuries
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Aune, François. "Recherches sur la politique orientale de l’empire romain tardif : Rome, le royaume de Grande Armenie et l’Iran Sassanide dans la seconde moitie du IVeme siecle ap. J.-C." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040168.
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A une date mal fixée au cours des années 380, mais généralement placée en 387, l’empereur Théodose, princeps depuis 379, abandonne officiellement les quatre cinquième de l’Arménie aux Perses sassanides. C’est un acte sans précédent : depuis plus de quatre siècles, la plupart de ses prédécesseurs avaient tout mis en œuvre pour maintenir le royaume caucasien dans la sphère d’influence romaine ou, à défaut, neutre face à un Etat iranien menaçant ou jugé comme tel. Dorénavant, la présence de l’Empire y est limitée à une bande de terre étroite située le long de ses frontières orientales et qui s’étend, du nord au sud, de l’extrémité orientale du Pont (Pontus en anglais) à la pointe septentrionale de la Syrie. Le cœur du pays et ses régions les plus importantes d’un point de vue historique et stratégique sont aux mains du grand rival oriental. Comment expliquer ce quasi retrait romain qui établit une situation qui perdurera jusqu’au début du 6ème siècle, une longueur inédite pour un accord entre les deux parties ? L’objectif de notre étude est de répondre à cette interrogation, en distinguant notamment les prémices de cette politique de repli à partir de la seconde moitié du 4ème siècleAt an uncertain date in the 380's A.D. yet generally set in 387, Emperor Theodose, princeps since 379, officially abandons four fifths of Armenia to the benefit of the Sassanide Persian people. This had never happened before since for over four centuries, most his predecessors had managed to maintain the Caucasian kingdom into the Roman sphere of influence , or even to keep it neutral to a threatening -or considered as such - Iranian state. Now the presence of the Empire is limited to a narrow strip of land located along its oriental borders that stretches over from the eastern end of the Pontus to the northern end of Syria. The heart of the land and its most important regions from a historical and strategical point of view belong to the great opponent from the east. How can we explain this Roman quasi-withdrawal which lead to a situation that will last to the beginning of the 6th century – a period of time for an agreement between the two parties that had never been seen before in history ?Our study aims at answering this question, by identifying more particularly the beginnings of such a withdrawal policy from the second half of the 4th century
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Chen, Wen-yu, and 陳玟瑀. "The Cultural Transmission from the Sasanian Empire and the Arab Empire during the Tang Dynasty: A Study of Tributes and Hu Merchants." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/login?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22107NCHU5493015%22.&searchmode=basic.
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碩士國立中興大學
歷史學系所
107
As early as the Han Dynasty and the Parthian Empire, China has official communication records with Arsacid Persia, which mainly describes local customs and specialty that could be indicated connecting outside world of China. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty, the records of Sasanian Empire specialty were more abundant than the previous generation. This article has combed the specialties and tributes of Sasanian and Arab Empire in the historical records. I In addition to arising from their changes, comprehending more about their correspondence with modern objects. Horses and fabrics, the most two characteristics in material culture propagation, and Hu Merchants play important role for spreading them. Therefore, this article presents the relationship between these three factors and the Medieval of political situation.The Hongjun Temple and Sifang Pavilion are mainly diplomatic organizations of the Tang Dynasty, dealing with the transactions of foreign emissaries or visitors, surely included Sasanian and the Arab Empire emissaries, particularly perished Sasanian Empire prince Belus. Through the Tang Dynasty''s handling of Sasanian and Arab Empire foreign affairs, could derive the complex situation changes in the Western Region at that time, such like: After Arab Empire conquered Sasanian Empire, is any changes of trade with Tang Empire caused by regime and religion ? Any Sasanian or Arab specialty has been introduced, renamed and processed in the Tang Dynasty? Does the far distance, through Sogdiana, Hvatana, Tibet, and huihe, would impact it? It’s worth attention.In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, the sea silk road, specially maritime trade with Persian and Arab in southeast coast became more active, mature and presented another culture features.
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Emadinia, Arash. "The Soul in Afterlife." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-1268-2.
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ŠVECOVÁ, Markéta. "Etické otázky při sociální práci s Romy ve vybraných zařízeních v Českých Budějovicích." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-393949.
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This diploma thesis deals with the ethical issues that arise during work with Roma families. In the first chapters of the text, the work deals with the Roma, their culture, family, traditions, historical origin. The following text presents organizations that work with the Roma in the territory of the city České Budějovice, their value foundation, principles, requirements for social workers etc. These were the Sociálně aktivizační služby pro rodiny s dětmi Sasanka, Oddělení sociálně - právní ochrany dětí and Jihočeská rozvojová o.p.s. Ethical issues have resulted freely from a critical reflection of the three compared facilities working with Roma families. In the following text there are presented two ethical theories by which the selected ethical questions are further processed, deontology and ethics of care. In the last part of this work, ethical questions are further elaborated using both ethical theories.