Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Satamat'
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FLEURY, MARIE-CLAIRE. "Ecologie et organisation sociale du colobe satan (colobus satanas)." Rennes 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN10134.
Full textEnnamany, Rachid. "Mécanisme d'action de la Bolesatine, glycoprotéine de Boletus Satanas Lenz." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2B004.
Full textBolesatine is a toxic glycoprotein purified from Boletus satanas Lenz. It is a monomeric protein of 63 kD glycolsylated with mannose residues, comprising 567 amino acids ane intrachain disulphide bound. Its LD 50 (24 h) per os is 3. 3 mg/kg mouse. When initiating the presents investigations, bolesatine was known to inhibit orotein synthesis in cell-free systems, cultured renal cells and hepatoma cells, and as a glycoprotein possessing the biological properties of lectines. In fact bolesatine was known to agglutinate human red blood cells and platelets, to display mitogenic properties on human lymphocytes ad to inhibit protein synthesis in different systems. But the mecanisms whereby these mitogenic and inhibitory effects were induced remained to be elucidated. During these investigations, we purified bolesatine from Boletus satanas and improved the yields from 0. 62 to 0. 80 by replacing the first FPLC chromatographic step by bach technique. The proliferating activity was studied invivo in thymus of Winstar rat, in vitro in human fibroblastes, in MRC 5 and in cell-free systems consisting in thymus homogenate. This effect was found to be mediated by activation of cellular transduction signal. The proliferating concentrations (up to ng/ml) induced an increase in the liberation intracellular inositol (1, 4,5) - triphosphate (InsP3) and activation of protein kinase C. We confirmed that bolesatine agglutined human red blood cells without any group specificity. It also agglutinated human and rat platelets. Platelet agglutination was mediated by a passive mechanism since no platelet aggregation occured. This blood cells agglutination could be prevented by antithrombotic drugs such as heparin, aspirin or ticlopidin even they failed in preventing the death of animal poisened by bolesatine. The inhibitory properties were studied in cell-free systems of rat thymus, and several cell-lines (SP2/O, L1210, P388 etc. ) and in vivo (rat, mouse). This inhibitory effect was found to be mediated by hydrolysis of triphosphate nucleosides (GTP, ATP). Bolesatine induced modification of cytosine methylation rate in DNA which could interfere with cellular regulation. Finally bolesatine was found to induce DNA adducts formation in a concentration dependent-manner in Vero cells at concentrations of 10 to 200 ng/ml. Possible use in industry was showh : - as antitumour drug in cancerous Balb/c mice having SP/O plasmocytoma, which survived more 120 days after controls and - as a loboratory reagent for cell culture to replace phytohemagglutinin, calf serum and growth factors
Giacomelli, Renato. "Eresia e tolleranza. Jacopo Aconcio e gli stratagemmi di Satana." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2014. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1221/1/Renato_Giacomelli_Eresia_e_tolleranza.pdf.
Full textVEIGA, Liza Maria. "Ecologia e comportamento do Cuxiú-Preto (Chiropotes Satanas) na paisagem fragmentada da Amazônia Oriental." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006. http://www.repositorio.ufpa.br:8080/jspui/handle/2011/1802.
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Bearded sakis are frugivores specialised for seed predation. The black bearded saki (Chiropotes satanas) is endemic to a densely populated and deforested area in eastern Amazonia in Brazil and is threatened with extinction. The principal objective of this study was to research the behaviour and ecology of two groups of black bearded sakis living under different degrees of habitat fragmentation, to understand how ecological parameters in these different settings influence behavioural strategies. In addition, the study aimed to identify factors that may limit the long-term viability of the black bearded saki and identify information that may contribute to conservation and management plans. The study took place on the right bank of the Tocantins River in the Tucuruí Reservoir, Pará State, Brazil (415'S, 4931'W). Two groups of bearded sakis were studied: one (denominated T4) in a large mainland fragment (1,300 ha - 39 members), and one on a small (19.4 ha - eight members) forested island. Twelve months behavioural sampling (1,153 observation hours) was undertaken using both scan and behaviour-sampling methodologies for 4 to 5 consecutive days per month per group. In addition to collecting activity budget data, all food resources were documented, daily routes plotted and intraspecies and interspecies social interactions recorded. Botanical transects (10 x 100 ha) covering one hectare at the T4 site and 0.5 hectare on the island were established, and a subsample of trees (≥ DAP 10cm) and lianas (≥ DAP 5 cm) marked and measured for a floristic inventory and phenological data collection which took place at 30-day intervals over 14 months. The two groups differed in all aspects of their behaviour and ecology. Time spent in different activities varied significantly between the groups. Moving (35.4%) comprised the largest proportion of annual budget in the T4 group, while the Island group devoted more time to feeding (30.0%). Social interactions accounted for a relatively large proportion of activity budget for both groups (T4 8.5%; Island 15.2%). Over the study, the two groups consumed a large number of different plant species (T4 173; Island 132; both groups 240) and their diets varied significantly in terms of items consumed and taxonomic composition. Both groups spent most of their time consuming seeds (T4 54.0%; Island 59.9%), however other items, including fruit pulp (T4 25.0%; Island 13.7%), flowers (T4 12.3%; Island 17.4%) and to a lesser extent pith and arthropods were also included in their diets. Members of the T4 group used an area of 98.6 ha and the island group, 17.2 ha. Use of space and daily path length (T4 4025 m 994 m; Island 2807 m 289 m) varied between groups and was linked in T4 group to the variation in group size throughout the year as a result of their complex fission-fusion sociality, the island group on the other hand was more cohesive. Variations in ecology and behaviour of the two groups were linked to differences in their respective habitats. The size of the sites was important but so too was the variation in the availability of food. Results from the floristic inventory revealed a greater diversity of different species on the T4 site, however important food species were either missing or available in varying amounts at both site. In addition to the intrinsic value of the knowledge of ecological characteristics of the bearded saki the detailed knowledge accumulated this study will help in the formulation of conservation action and management plans and in the identification of the factors which limit the long term viability of remaining populations in the fragmented landscapes of eastern Amazonia.
Cuxiús são primatas frugívoros especializados na predação de sementes. O cuxiú-preto (Chiropotes satanas), atualmente ameaçado de extinção, é endêmico de uma área da Amazônia oriental brasileira bastante povoada e desmatada. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi pesquisar o comportamento e a ecologia de dois grupos de cuxiús-pretos vivendo sob diferentes graus de fragmentação de hábitat, de maneira a entender como parâmetros ecológicos nestes diferentes contextos influenciam estratégias comportamentais. Além disso, o estudo procurou identificar fatores que limitam a viabilidade a longo prazo do cuxiú-preto e coletar informações que possam contribuir com planos de manejo e conservação. O estudo foi realizado na margem direita do rio Tocantins, no reservatório de Tucuruí, Estado do Pará, Brasil (415'S, 4931'W). Dois grupos de cuxiús-pretos foram estudados: um (denominado T4) em um grande fragmento de floresta situado na margem do reservatório (1.300 ha, 39 indivíduos) e outro numa pequena ilha (19,4 ha, oito indivíduos) coberta por floresta. O comportamento dos dois grupos foi monitorado durante 12 meses (1.153 horas de observação) utilizando metodologias de amostragem por varredura e de todas as ocorrências por 4 a 5 dias consecutivos por mês por grupo. Além de coletar dados sobre seus orçamentos de atividades, todos os recursos alimentares utilizados foram documentados, os percursos diários anotados e as interações sociais intra e interespécies registradas. Transecções botânicas (10 x 100 ha) cobrindo um hectare no sítio T4 e 0,5 ha no sítio Ilha foram estabelecidas e uma subamostra de árvores (DAP ≥ 10 cm) e cipós (DAP ≥ 5 cm) foi marcada e medida para um inventário florístico e para a coleta de dados fenológicos que ocorreu em intervalos de 30 dias durante 14 meses. Os dois grupos diferiram em todos os aspectos de seu comportamento e ecologia. O tempo empregado em diferentes atividades variou significativamente entre eles. O deslocamento (35,4%) foi responsável pela maior proporção do orçamento de atividades anual do grupo T4, enquanto o grupo Ilha dedicou mais tempo para a alimentação (30,0%). Interações sociais foram responsáveis por uma proporção relativamente grande do orçamento de atividades dos dois grupos (T4 8,5%; Ilha 15,2%). Ao longo do periodo do estudo ambos os grupos consumiram um grande número de diferentes espécies vegetais (173 grupo T4; 132 grupo Ilha; 240 ambos) e suas dietas variaram significantemente tanto em termos de itens consumidos quanto em composição taxonômica, sendo que a dieta do grupo T4 foi mais diversa. Ambos os grupos despenderam a maior parte de seu tempo consumindo sementes (T4 54,0%; Ilha 59,9%), apesar de sua dieta também incluir outros itens tais como polpa de frutos (T4 25,0%; Ilha 13,7%), flores (T4 12,3%; Ilha 17,4%) e, em menor grau, medula de galhos e artrópodes. O grupo T4 utilizou uma área de 98,6 ha, enquanto os membros do grupo Ilha utilizaram 17,2 ha. O uso do espaço e o tamanho do percurso diário (T4 4025 m 994 m; Island 2807 m 289 m) variaram entre os grupos e estiveram ligados, no grupo T4, à variação no tamanho do grupo ao longo do ano resultante de seu sistema de organização social de fissão-fusão. Ao contrário, o grupo Ilha foi mais coeso. As diferenças na ecologia e comportamento dos dois grupos estiveram ligadas ás diferenças em seus respectivos hábitats. O tamanho dos sítios foi importante mas também o foi a variação na disponibilidade de alimentos determinada pela composição taxonômica da vegetação dos mesmos. Resultados do inventário florístico revelaram uma maior diversidade de espécies no sítio T4. No entanto importantes espécies alimentares estavam ausentes ou disponíveis em quantidades variáveis em ambos os sítios. Além do valor intrínseco do conhecimento sobre as características ecológicas do cuxiú-preto, o conhecimento detalhado acumulado neste estudo pode contribuir para a formulação de ações de conservação e planos de manejo, assim como para a identificação de fatores que limitam a viabilidade a longo prazo das populações remanescentes nas paisagens fragmentadas da Amazônia oriental.
Giani, Luiz Antonio Afonso. "Musica de protesto : do subdesenvolvimento a canção do bicho e proezas de satanas : 1962-1966." [s.n.], 1985. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278888.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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SANTOS, Ricardo Rodrigues dos. "Ecologia de cuxiús (Chiropotes Satanas) na Amazônia oriental: perspectivas para a conservação de populações fragmentadas." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/4175.
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Encontrados na Amazônia brasileira do Maranhão ao Amazonas e Rondônia, os cuxiús (Chiropotes albinasus e Chiropotes satanas) são primatas especializados na predação de sementes. Visando caracterizar padrões de atividade e exploração de recursos alimentares, dois grupos sociais (TU e B4) de C. satanas foram monitorados entre julho e novembro de 2001 na área de influência do reservatório da UHE de Tucuruí (PA). O grupo IG (C.s. utahicki), de 24 indivíduos, ocupa uma ilha de 100 ha e o grupo B4 (C.s. satanas), com 27 indivíduos, habita uma área de mata contínua, ambas protegidas pela Eletronorte S.A. Dados quantitativos foram coletados em amostras de varredura, com intervalo de 5 min, realizadas continuamente durante 5 dias por mês. Observações complementares foram registradas de forma ad libitum durante todo o trabalho, de abril a novembro. Um total de 5490 registros foram coletados para o grupo IG (apenas o comportamento alimentar do grupo B4 foi analisado aqui), que foram distribuídos entre alimentação (58,8%), deslocamento (30,8%), parado (9,5%) e outras atividades (0,9%). Estas proporções variaram consideravelmente entre meses. Cento e dez espécies diferentes de plantas foram exploradas pelos cuxiús, mas não foi observada insetivoria. Como esperado, o componente maior da dieta foi semente em ambos os casos (grupo IG: 75,6%, n = 2721 registros, grupo B4: 49,6%, n = 1865). Flor, fruto, broto foliar e o mesocarpo de cocos de palmeiras complementaram a dieta. Padrão semelhante na variação do consumo de diferentes itens foi observado nos dois grupos entre setembro e novembro. A diversidade taxonômica da dieta do grupo IG foi maior do que a do B4, como também foi a área de vida (100 contra 57 ha). Não foi encontrado um padrão sistemático de variação no tamanho de agrupamento de forrageio. Os resultados do estudo indicam um potencial muito grande para a conservação a longo prazo de populações remanescentes de cuxiús na paisagem fragmentada da região. Palavras chave: Chiropotes satanas, fragmentação, dieta, orçamento de atividades, conservação.
Found throughout much of Brazilian Amazonia, the bearded sakis (Chiropotes albinasus and Chiropotes satanas) are primates specialised for seed predation. In order to delineate activity patterns and the exploitation of dietary resources, two social groups (10 and B4) of C. satanas were monitored between July and November, 2001, at the reservoir of the Tucurui hydroelectric power station in the state of Pará. Group 1G (C.s. utahicki), with 24 members, occupies an island of 100 ha, whereas group B4 (C. s. satanas), with 27 members, inhabits an area of continuous forest, both protected by Eletronorte S.A. Quantitative behavioural data were collected in scan samples, with a 5 min interval, collected continuously during five days per month. Complementary observations were recorded in ad libitum fashion throughout the study period, which started in April. A total of 5490 reords were collected for group 1G (only the feeding behaviour of group B4 was analysed here), distributed between feeding (58,8%), locomotion (30,8%), rest (9,5%) and other activities (0,9%). These proportions varied considerably between months. One hundred and ten plant species were exploited by the sakis. As expected, seeds were the main dietary item in both cases (group 1G: 75,6%, n = 2721 records; group B4: 49,6%, n = 1865). Remaining dietary items included flowers, fruit, leaf shoots and the mesocarp of palm fruits, although insectivory was not observed. Similar variation in the consumption of different items was observed in the two groups between September and November. Taxonomic diversity of the diet of group 1G was greater than that of B4, as was its home range (100 vs. 57 ha). No systematic variation was found in foraging party size. The results of the study indicate that the remnant populations of bearded sakis in the region's fragmented landscape have good long-term potential for conservation.
Perrenoud, Marcelo Alves. "Valoração ambiental do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar - Núcleo de Satana Virgínia." Universidade de Taubaté, 2010. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=168.
Full textThe main objective of this work was to develop an environmental valuation study of Serra do Mar State Park - Núcleo Santa Virgínia. The journey cost approach (MCV), was utilized to validate arguments for the preservation and recuperation of the Atlantic Forest and to estimulate sustainable forms of tourism in the Park area. Beyond that, the present work focused in developing knowledge do out the profile of Park visitors regarding several factors varied, such as: age, marital status, education, monthly income, origin, frequency of visits, time of permanence, and total costs of journey. For This research 181 tests were applied between the months January and July of 2009. The profile of interviewed visitors showed that: 55% were male, the predominate age group was 26 to 40 years old (86,6%); and the majority hold high education degree (91,2%). Most of interviewed visitors (67%) had as main objective of their journey to visit this Park and 75,6% of visitors were visiting the Park for the first time. The Park - Núcleo Santa Virgínia provides visitors an stimulated consumer excess in the order of R$ 4.496,82 and, as a result, the agregated recreational value of the Park was estimated in R$ 13.490.462,33 per year or US$ 7.331.772,40 per year. This amount was obtained, based on an average of 3000 visitis/year, which was the average of the previous four years in the Park. Results also indicated that visitors are seeking a closer contact with natural attractions and are willing to pay for that, reaffirming the premise that the higher the preservation level of an area, the higher the environmental value. This scenario leads generate direct and indirect benefits for visitors and local population, including socio-economic benefits, such as the generation of income profits, and new jobs.
Marchetto, Monia <1969>. "La Satasaī di Bihārī Lāla Caube (1595-1663), un’opera del rītikāla in lingua brajabhāṣā : traduzione, note e commento." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/6507.
Full textSILVA, Suleima do Socorro Bastos da. "Comportamento alimentar do Cuxiú-Preto (Chiroptes Satanas) na área de influência do Reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí-Pará." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/4202.
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A Usina Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí, construída em 1985, criou um lago de 2430 km² (3°43'-5°15'S, 4992'-50°00'W) que isolou populações do cuxiú-preto (Chiropotes satanas), um primata ameaçado de extinção, em uma série de ilhas e outros fragmentos de hábitat. Este estudo foi realizado em dois pontos na margem direita do lago, um na mata contínua (T4) e outro em uma ilha de 16,3 hectares (Su), com grupos de 34 e sete indivíduos, respectivamente. O objetivo principal foi avaliar a influência da fragmentação de hábitat sobre o comportamento de forrageio dos cuxiús. Dados básicos foram coletados em amostras de varredura de um minuto de duração e cinco de intervalo, e o comportamento de forrageio foi registrado em maiores detalhes através da amostragem de árvore focal e de todas as ocorrências. As categorias comportamentais básicas foram locomoção, descanso, forrageio, alimentação e interação social, com algumas subcategorias. De julho a dezembro de 2002 foram obtidos 3501 registras (varredura) para o grupo T4 e 835 para o grupo Su. O orçamento de atividades de T4 foi 55,8% de locomoção, 21,7% alimentação, 16,1% descanso, 3,6% forrageio, com 2,8% de interação social. No caso de Su, a alimentação foi registrada em uma proporção semelhante (22,4%), mas foi registrada uma proporção significativamente menor de locomoção (45,9%) e maior de descanso (27.0%). Uma diferença grande foi encontrada também no numero de espécies vegetais exploradas por seus recursos alimentares, sendo 40 por T4 (maior família Arecaceae) e apenas 22 por Su (maior família Lecythidaceae), embora não foi encontrada uma diferença significativa na diversidade de suas dietas. A composição da dieta dos dois grupos foi significativamente diferente, sendo o item mais utilizado por T4 as sementes imaturas (embora o mesocarpo de frutos de palmeiras também foi importante), enquanto o consumo de flores — praticamente todas da espécie Alexa grandiflora (Leguminosae) — foi muito alto no grupo Su. As diferenças entre grupos parecem estar relacionadas, pelo menos parcialmente, à diferença no tamanho da área de vida, que foi de 68,9 hectares para T4 e apenas 16,3 ha (toda a área da ilha) para Su. Aspectos do comportamento dos membros do grupo Su, como as taxas altas de descanso e consumo de flores, parecem refletir efeitos da fragmentação de hábitat sobre sua ecologia, com implicações negativas para sua sobrevivência a longo prazo. Espera-se que estes resultados contribuam de forma significativa para o desenvolvimento de estratégias efetivas de conservação tanto deste importante primata, como também da paisagem fragmentada da Amazônia oriental.
Constructed in 1985, the Tucuruí hydroelectric power station created a 2430 lun2 lake (3°43'-5°15’S, 49°12'-50°00'W), and restricted populations of the southem bearded saki (Chiropotes satanas), an endangered primate, to a series of islands and other habitat fragments. This study took place at two sites on the lake's right bank, one in continuous forest (T4) and the other on a small island of 16.3 hectares (Su), with groups of 34 and seven sakis, respectively. The principal objective was an evaluation of the influence of habitat fragmentation on the sakis' foraging behaviour. Basic data were collected in one-minute scan samples with a five-minute interval, whereas foraging behaviour was recorded in greater detail in focal-tree samples, and behavioural sampling. Basic behavioural categories were locomotion, rest, forage, feed, and social interaction, with a number of subcategories. Between July and December 2002, 3503 scan records were obtained for group T4, and 835 for group Su. 'The activity budget of T4 was 55.8% locomotion, 21.7% feed, 16.1% rest, 3.6% forage, and 2.8% social interactions. Feeding was recorded at a similar proportion (22.4%) for Su, although this group spent significantly less time in locomotion (45.9%), and more at rest (27.0%). A major difference was also found in the number of plant species exploited for the dietary resources, 40 for T4 (Arecaceae being the most important family) but only 22 for Su (Lecythidaceae), although no significant difference was found in the diversity of their diets. The composition of their diets was significantly different, however, the major item for T4 was immature seeds (the mesocarp of palm fruits was also important), whereas the consumption of flowers — practically all from the species Alexa grandiflora (Leguminosae) — was very frequent in Su. The differences between groups seem to be at least partly related to that in their home ranges, which was 68.9 hectares for T4 and only 16.3 ha (the whole island) for Su. Aspects of the behaviour of group Su members, such as increased rest and feeding on flowers, may reflect the effects of habitat fragmentation on their ecology, with negative implications for the group's long term survival. It is hoped that these results will make a significant contribution to the development of effective conservation strategies at this endangered primata as well in the fragmented landscape of eastern Amazonia.
KRETZ, OLIVIER. "Isolement et etudes des proprietes physico-chimiques, biologiques et toxicologiques de la bolesatine, toxine glycoproteique extraite de boletus satanas lenz." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR13245.
Full textCunningham, Ian Stacy. "Shoulder morphology in four species of New World primate: Possible links to foraging behavior (Cebus apella, Cebus albifrons, Saimiri sciureus, Pithecia pithecia, Chiropotes satanas)." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/colorado/fullcit?p1425795.
Full textPelser, Alida Yonanda. "Adaptation of trees to the urban environment : Acacia karroo in Potchefstroom, South Africa / by Alida Yonanda Pelser." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1550.
Full textRoddy, Kevin M. "A sketch grammar of Satawalese : the language of Satawal Island, Yap State, Micronesia." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20678.
Full textPawar, Mahadev G. "Raising and utilisation of finances by co-operative sugar factories in Satara District." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/4747.
Full textKhambete, Jayashree D. "A comparative study of EGS and IRDP schemes with special references to Satara District." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/4360.
Full textKadam, C. P. "A critical study of use of audio-visual aids in secondary schools in Satara District." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/4030.
Full textSwami, R. K. "A study of role of voluntary agencies in ecnonomic development in Satara, Sangli and Solapur Districts." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/5206.
Full textShinde, M. N. "Trends and problems of urbanization, since 1951 (With special reference to Sangli, Satara, Kolhapur and Solapur Districts)." Thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/5179.
Full textJadhav, Mohan L. "Development of education in Satara District during post-Independence period and its impact on rural socio-economic life." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/4308.
Full textLuhdo, Zoe. "Determining the role and relative importance of predator avoidance and nutrition as processes influencing herbivore utilisation of burnt areas in Satara, Kruger National Park, South Africa." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/20379.
Full textThis study aimed to determine the role and relative importance of predator avoidance and nutrition as processes influencing herbivore utilisation of burnt areas, at Satara, Kruger National Park by using variation in fire size and fire season. The driving factors investigated included forage quality, forage quantity, vegetation structure and predation risk. The effect of fire size and season on the landscape was tested by recording grass height, greenness, grass nutrient sampling and visibility. Results showed that fire size and season had a significant impact on the physical environment by decreasing grass/forage quantity post-fire but increasing grass/forage quality. Over time the plots returned to near pre-fire conditions, with forage quantity increasing (grass height and biomass) and forage quality decreasing (nitrogen availability). Visibility increased immediately post-fire, more significantly in regards to herbivores with their heads in a “head-down/grazing” position than in a “head raised/vigilant” position. As with forage quantity and quality, visibility returned to near pre-fire conditions at the end of the study sampling period. The response of animals to these changes in the environment was recorded through dung counts, camera traps and behavioural observations. I found that there was increased use of burnt plots post-fire through comparing herbivore presence on plots burned in different sizes and seasons, day/night utilisation of plots, and using behaviour data I could determine to what extent forage and predation risk were driving the use of burnt areas. I focused on three herbivore species (Aepyceros melampus, Connochaetes taurinus and Equus quagga) which varied in terms of body size digestive systems, forage type, and social behaviour. As expected, I found that predation risk did appear to be more important in driving the behaviour of the smaller-bodied herbivores but both nutrient requirements and susceptibility to predation were shown to play a role in explaining the use of burnt areas for all three herbivore species. Variation between plots in environmental factors such as tree density, forb percentage and distance to water, were found to be not significant and thus did not confound our results
Joshi, G. B. "An enquriry into the working of lead bank scheme with special reference to bank of Maharashtra, lead bank for Satara District for the period from 1977 to 1987." Thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/3598.
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