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Journal articles on the topic 'Satellite estimates'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Smith, Thomas M., Phillip A. Arkin, John J. Bates, and George J. Huffman. "Estimating Bias of Satellite-Based Precipitation Estimates." Journal of Hydrometeorology 7, no. 5 (2006): 841–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm524.1.

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Abstract Systematic biases in satellite-based precipitation estimates can be the dominant component of their uncertainty. These biases may not be reduced by averaging, which makes their evaluation particularly important. Described here are several methods of evaluating the biases and their characteristics. Methods are developed and tested using monthly average precipitation estimates from several satellites. Direct estimates of bias are obtained from analysis of satellite–gauge estimates, and they indicate the general bias patterns and magnitudes over land. Direct estimates cannot be computed

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2

Zhang, Hai, Zigang Wei, Barron H. Henderson, Susan C. Anenberg, Katelyn O’Dell, and Shobha Kondragunta. "Nowcasting Applications of Geostationary Satellite Hourly Surface PM2.5 Data." Weather and Forecasting 37, no. 12 (2022): 2313–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-22-0114.1.

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Abstract The mass concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5; diameters less than 2.5 μm) estimated from geostationary satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) data can supplement the network of ground monitors with high temporal (hourly) resolution. Estimates of PM2.5 over the United States were derived from NOAA’s operational geostationary satellites’ Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) AOD data using a geographically weighted regression with hourly and daily temporal resolution. Validation versus ground observations shows a mean bias of −21.4% and −15.3% for hourly and daily PM2.5 estimates, r

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3

Itkin, M., and A. Loew. "Multi-satellite rainfall sampling error estimates – a comparative study." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 10 (2012): 11677–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-11677-2012.

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Abstract. This study focus is set on quantifying sampling related uncertainty in the satellite rainfall estimates. We conduct observing system simulation experiment to estimate sampling error for various constellations of Low-Earth orbiting and geostationary satellites. There are two types of microwave instruments currently available: cross track sounders and conical scanners. We evaluate the differences in sampling uncertainty for various satellite constellations that carry instruments of the common type as well as in combination with geostationary observations. A precise orbital model is use

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Bowman, Kenneth P., Cameron R. Homeyer, and Dalon G. Stone. "A Comparison of Oceanic Precipitation Estimates in the Tropics and Subtropics." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 48, no. 7 (2009): 1335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jamc2149.1.

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Abstract A number of Earth remote sensing satellites are currently carrying passive microwave radiometers. A variety of different retrieval algorithms are used to estimate surface rain rates over the ocean from the microwave radiances observed by the radiometers. This study compares several different satellite algorithms with each other and with independent data from rain gauges on ocean buoys. The rain gauge data are from buoys operated by the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. Potential errors and biases in the gauge data are evaluated. Satellite data are from the Tropical Rainfal

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Tian, Yudong, Christa D. Peters-Lidard, Robert F. Adler, Takuji Kubota, and Tomoo Ushio. "Evaluation of GSMaP Precipitation Estimates over the Contiguous United States." Journal of Hydrometeorology 11, no. 2 (2010): 566–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jhm1190.1.

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Abstract Precipitation estimates from the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) project are evaluated over the contiguous United States (CONUS) for the period of 2005–06. GSMaP combines precipitation retrievals from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite and other polar-orbiting satellites, and interpolates them with cloud motion vectors derived from infrared images from geostationary satellites, to produce a high-resolution dataset. Four other satellite-based datasets are also evaluated concurrently with GSMaP, to provide a better perspective. The new Climate Prediction

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Utsumi, Nobuyuki, Hyungjun Kim, F. Joseph Turk, and Ziad S. Haddad. "Improving Satellite-Based Subhourly Surface Rain Estimates Using Vertical Rain Profile Information." Journal of Hydrometeorology 20, no. 5 (2019): 1015–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-18-0225.1.

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Abstract Quantifying time-averaged rain rate, or rain accumulation, on subhourly time scales is essential for various application studies requiring rain estimates. This study proposes a novel idea to estimate subhourly time-averaged surface rain rate based on the instantaneous vertical rain profile observed from low-Earth-orbiting satellites. Instantaneous rain estimates from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) are compared with 1-min surface rain gauges in North America and Kwajalein atoll for the warm seasons of 2005–14. Time-lagged correlation analysis be

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Konings, Alexandra G., A. Anthony Bloom, Junjie Liu, Nicholas C. Parazoo, David S. Schimel, and Kevin W. Bowman. "Global satellite-driven estimates of heterotrophic respiration." Biogeosciences 16, no. 11 (2019): 2269–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2269-2019.

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Abstract. While heterotrophic respiration (Rh) makes up about a quarter of gross global terrestrial carbon fluxes, it remains among the least-observed carbon fluxes, particularly outside the midlatitudes. In situ measurements collected in the Soil Respiration Database (SRDB) number only a few hundred worldwide. Similarly, only a single data-driven wall-to-wall estimate of annual average heterotrophic respiration exists, based on bottom-up upscaling of SRDB measurements using an assumed functional form to account for climate variability. In this study, we exploit recent advances in remote sensi

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Gerbi, Gregory P., Emmanuel Boss, P. Jeremy Werdell, et al. "Validation of Ocean Color Remote Sensing Reflectance Using Autonomous Floats." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 33, no. 11 (2016): 2331–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-16-0067.1.

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AbstractThe use of autonomous profiling floats for observational estimates of radiometric quantities in the ocean is explored, and the use of this platform for validation of satellite-based estimates of remote sensing reflectance in the ocean is examined. This effort includes comparing quantities estimated from float and satellite data at nominal wavelengths of 412, 443, 488, and 555 nm, and examining sources and magnitudes of uncertainty in the float estimates. This study had 65 occurrences of coincident high-quality observations from floats and MODIS Aqua and 15 occurrences of coincident hig

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Dietrich, S., D. Casella, F. Di Paola, M. Formenton, A. Mugnai, and P. Sanò. "Lightning-based propagation of convective rain fields." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 5 (2011): 1571–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-1571-2011.

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Abstract. This paper describes a new multi-sensor approach for continuously monitoring convective rain cells. It exploits lightning data from surface networks to propagate rain fields estimated from multi-frequency brightness temperature measurements taken by the AMSU/MHS microwave radiometers onboard NOAA/EUMETSAT low Earth orbiting operational satellites. Specifically, the method allows inferring the development (movement, morphology and intensity) of convective rain cells from the spatial and temporal distribution of lightning strokes following any observation by a satellite-borne microwave

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Li, Min, and Yunbin Yuan. "Estimation and Analysis of the Observable-Specific Code Biases Estimated Using Multi-GNSS Observations and Global Ionospheric Maps." Remote Sensing 13, no. 16 (2021): 3096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163096.

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Observable-specific bias (OSB) parameterization allows observation biases belonging to various signal types to be flexibly addressed in the estimation of ionosphere and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) clock products. In this contribution, multi-GNSS OSBs are generated by two different methods. With regard to the first method, geometry-free (GF) linear combinations of the pseudorange and carrier-phase observations of a global multi-GNSS receiver network are formed for the extraction of OSB observables, and global ionospheric maps (GIMs) are employed to correct ionospheric path delays.

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Shige, Shoichi, Satoshi Kida, Hiroki Ashiwake, Takuji Kubota, and Kazumasa Aonashi. "Improvement of TMI Rain Retrievals in Mountainous Areas." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 52, no. 1 (2013): 242–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-12-074.1.

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AbstractHeavy rainfall associated with shallow orographic rainfall systems has been underestimated by passive microwave radiometer algorithms owing to weak ice scattering signatures. The authors improve the performance of estimates made using a passive microwave radiometer algorithm, the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) algorithm, from data obtained by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) for orographic heavy rainfall. An orographic/nonorographic rainfall classification scheme is developed on the basis of orographically forced upward vertical m

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Peter, Heike, Jaime Fernández, and Pierre Féménias. "Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellites: sensitivity of antenna offset estimation to orbit and observation modelling." Advances in Geosciences 50 (March 27, 2020): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-50-87-2020.

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Abstract. The SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellites require a high orbit accuracy of 5 cm in 3D in comparison to external processing facilities. The official orbit products delivered by the Copernicus POD (Precise Orbit Determination) Service fulfil this requirement. Nevertheless, analyses have shown discrepancies in the orbit results for the two satellites Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-1B. Since the satellites are identical in construction estimated orbit parameters like the scale factor for the radiation pressure are expected to be at the same magnitude, which is not the

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Robertson, Franklin R., Jason B. Roberts, Michael G. Bosilovich, et al. "Uncertainties in Ocean Latent Heat Flux Variations over Recent Decades in Satellite-Based Estimates and Reduced Observation Reanalyses." Journal of Climate 33, no. 19 (2020): 8415–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0954.1.

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AbstractFour state-of-the-art satellite-based estimates of ocean surface latent heat fluxes (LHFs) extending over three decades are analyzed, focusing on the interannual variability and trends of near-global averages and regional patterns. Detailed intercomparisons are made with other datasets including 1) reduced observation reanalyses (RedObs) whose exclusion of satellite data renders them an important independent diagnostic tool; 2) a moisture budget residual LHF estimate using reanalysis moisture transport, atmospheric storage, and satellite precipitation; 3) the ECMWF Reanalysis 5 (ERA5);

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Kuhlmann, Gerrit, Dominik Brunner, Grégoire Broquet, and Yasjka Meijer. "Quantifying CO<sub>2</sub> emissions of a city with the Copernicus Anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> Monitoring satellite mission." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, no. 12 (2020): 6733–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6733-2020.

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Abstract. We investigate the potential of the Copernicus Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Monitoring (CO2M) mission, a proposed constellation of CO2 imaging satellites, to estimate the CO2 emissions of a city on the example of Berlin, the capital of Germany. On average, Berlin emits about 20 Mt CO2 yr−1 during satellite overpass (11:30 LT). The study uses synthetic satellite observations of a constellation of up to six satellites generated from 1 year of high-resolution atmospheric transport simulations. The emissions were estimated by (1) an analytical atmospheric inversion applied to the p

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Shen, Youjiang, Dedi Liu, Liguang Jiang, et al. "Estimating Reservoir Release Using Multi-Source Satellite Datasets and Hydrological Modeling Techniques." Remote Sensing 14, no. 4 (2022): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14040815.

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Reservoir release is an essential variable as it affects hydrological processes and water availability downstream. This study aims to estimate reservoir release using a satellite-based approach, specially focusing on the impacts of inflow simulations and reservoir water storage change (RWSC) on release estimates. Ten inflow simulations based on hydrological models and blending schemes are used in combination with three RWSC estimates based on two satellite-based approaches. A case study is performed at the Ankang reservoir, China. The results demonstrate that release estimates show high skill,

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16

Yang, Y., Y. Zhao, and L. Zhang. "EVALUATING THE INFLUENCE OF SATELLITE OBSERVATION ON INVERSING NOX EMISSION AT REGIONAL SCALE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W9 (October 25, 2019): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w9-211-2019.

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Abstract. In order to explore the influence of satellite observation data on the top-down NOx estimates at regional scale, the top-down NOx emissions for Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region at 9 km spatial resolution were developed with Peking University Ozone Monitoring Instrument NO2 product (POMINO) v1 and POMINO v2 satellite observation data in January and July of 2016. The differences of top-down NOx estimates derived from the two satellites were quantitative evaluated, and the reasons were comprehensively analyzed. The total NOx emissions based on POMINO v2 in January and July was 27% and 4

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Tan, Jackson, Walter A. Petersen, and Ali Tokay. "A Novel Approach to Identify Sources of Errors in IMERG for GPM Ground Validation." Journal of Hydrometeorology 17, no. 9 (2016): 2477–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-16-0079.1.

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Abstract The comparison of satellite and high-quality, ground-based estimates of precipitation is an important means to assess the confidence in satellite-based algorithms and to provide a benchmark for their continued development and future improvement. To these ends, it is beneficial to identify sources of estimation uncertainty, thereby facilitating a precise understanding of the origins of the problem. This is especially true for new datasets such as the Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) product, which provides global precipitation gridded at a high resolution using meas

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Rodriguez-Puebla, C., R. T. Pinker, and S. Nigam. "Relationship between downwelling surface shortwave radiative fluxes and sea surface temperature over the tropical Pacific: AMIP II models versus satellite estimates." Annales Geophysicae 26, no. 4 (2008): 785–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-785-2008.

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Abstract. Incident shortwave radiation at the Earth's surface is the driving force of the climate system. Understanding the relationship between this forcing and the sea surface temperature, in particular, over the tropical Pacific Ocean is a topic of great interest because of possible climatic implications. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between downwelling shortwave radiative fluxes and sea surface temperature by using available data on radiative fluxes. We assess first the shortwave radiation from three General Circulation Models that participated in the seco

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Dowd, Emily, Alistair J. Manning, Bryn Orth-Lashley, et al. "First validation of high-resolution satellite-derived methane emissions from an active gas leak in the UK." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 17, no. 5 (2024): 1599–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1599-2024.

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Abstract. Atmospheric methane (CH4) is the second-most-important anthropogenic greenhouse gas and has a 20-year global warming potential 82 times greater than carbon dioxide (CO2). Anthropogenic sources account for ∼ 60 % of global CH4 emissions, of which 20 % come from oil and gas exploration, production and distribution. High-resolution satellite-based imaging spectrometers are becoming important tools for detecting and monitoring CH4 point source emissions, aiding mitigation. However, validation of these satellite measurements, such as those from the commercial GHGSat satellite constellatio

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McCord, Mark R., Yongliang Yang, Zhuojun Jiang, Benjamin Coifman, and Prem K. Goel. "Estimating Annual Average Daily Traffic from Satellite Imagery and Air Photos: Empirical Results." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1855, no. 1 (2003): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1855-17.

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Vehicles can be identified in high-resolution satellite imagery that recently has become available to the civilian community. The vehicle information contained in this imagery, and in air-based imagery, could be used in annual average daily traffic (AADT) estimation, a task conducted by many transportation agencies around the world. However, because the imagery provides information equivalent to traffic counts of very short duration, it is possible that the information is too noisy to be of use. Empirical differences between AADT estimated from 14 satellite images and air photos of Interstate

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Utomo, Joko Budi, Eko Yuli Handoko, Muhammad Aldila Syariz, and Ardhasena Sopaheluwakan. "Developing Surface Rainfall Data Based on Blending of Satellite-Based Products and Rain Gauge Observations in the Ngawi Region, East Java." JURNAL ILMU FISIKA | UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS 17, no. 2 (2025): 110–24. https://doi.org/10.25077/jif.17.2.110-124.2025.

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Rainfall estimation can be performed using various methods, including direct satellite observations (RR-Satellite). However, these estimates show discrepancies when compared to actual observations in-situ rain gauges (RR-Obs). To address this challenge, one potential solution is integrating RR-Satellite with RR-Obs. The Kriging with External Drift (KED) interpolation method is a blending technique that incorporates RR-Satellite as external drift. This study utilized four satellite dataset, namely CHIRP, CMORPH, GSMAP_V8, and IMERG as auxiliary information to generate monthly rainfall estimates

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Abou Galala, Mohammed, and Wu Chen. "Estimation of Signal Distortion Bias Using Geometry-Free Linear Combinations." Remote Sensing 16, no. 23 (2024): 4463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16234463.

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Signal distortion bias (SDB) in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data processing, defined as the time difference between the distorted chip and the ideal rectangular chip, leads to systematic biases in pseudoranges, affecting satellite and receiver differential code biases (DCBs). The stability of SDBs, allowing them to be treated as constant values, highlights the importance of investigating both their stability and estimation accuracy. Two different methods are used to estimate SDBs: (1) the hybrid method and (2) the geometry-free method. Data from approximately 430 stations, spanni

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Fisher, Brad, and David B. Wolff. "Satellite Sampling and Retrieval Errors in Regional Monthly Rain Estimates from TMI, AMSR-E, SSM/I, AMSU-B, and the TRMM PR." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 50, no. 5 (2011): 994–1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jamc2487.1.

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AbstractPassive and active microwave rain sensors on board Earth-orbiting satellites estimate monthly rainfall from the instantaneous rain statistics collected during satellite overpasses. It is well known that climate-scale rain estimates from meteorological satellites incur sampling errors resulting from the process of discrete temporal sampling and statistical averaging. Sampling and retrieval errors ultimately become entangled in the estimation of the mean monthly rain rate. The sampling component of the error budget effectively introduces statistical noise into climate-scale rain estimate

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Goldberg, Daniel L., Susan C. Anenberg, Zifeng Lu, et al. "Urban NO _x emissions around the world declined faster than anticipated between 2005 and 2019." Environmental Research Letters 16, no. 11 (2021): 115004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac2c34.

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Abstract Emission inventory development for air pollutants, by compiling records from individual emission sources, takes many years and involves extensive multi-national effort. A complementary method to estimate air pollution emissions is in the use of satellite remote sensing. In this study, NO2 observations from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument are combined with re-analysis meteorology to estimate urban nitrogen oxide (NO X ) emissions for 80 global cities between 2005 and 2019. The global average downward trend in satellite-derived urban NOX emissions was 3.1%–4.0% yr−1 between 2009 and 201

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Mehrjardi, Mohamad Fakhari, Hilmi Sanusi, Mohd Alauddin Mohd Ali, and Montadar Abas Taher. "Proportional Derivative Controller Using Discrete Kalman Filter Estimation Method for Spacecraft Attitude Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 789-790 (September 2015): 923–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.789-790.923.

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This paper deals with the objective of controlling a satellite by driving a six-state discrete Kalman Filter to estimate angular rates of satellite base on control sensor noisy data. A typical satellite is assumed in a special orbit and orbital angular velocity and orbital angular acceleration are established. For completion of simulation linear dynamics model of satellites and environment disturbances model such as solar pressure and gravity gradient torque is derived as well. The simulation is progressed at discrete ten second which assumed as data updating rate from sensor. The noisy measur

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Vogt, M., T. Hashioka, M. R. Payne, et al. "The distribution, dominance patterns and ecological niches of plankton functional types in Dynamic Green Ocean Models and satellite estimates." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 11 (2013): 17193–247. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-17193-2013.

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Abstract. We compare the spatial and temporal representation of phytoplankton functional types (pPFTs) in four different Dynamic Green Ocean Models (DGOMs; CCSM-BEC, NEMURO, PISCES and PlankTOM5) to derived phytoplankton distributions from two independent satellite estimates, with a particular focus on diatom distributions. Global annual mean surface biomass estimates for diatoms vary between 0.23 mmol C m−3 and 0.77 mmol C m−3 in the models, and are comparable to a satellite-derived estimate (0.41 mmol C m−3). All models consistently simulate a higher zonal mean diatom biomass contribution in

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Lin, Xiaojuan, Ronald van der A, Jos de Laat, et al. "Monitoring and quantifying CO₂ emissions of isolated power plants from space." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 11 (2023): 6599–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6599-2023.

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Abstract. Top-down CO2 emission estimates based on satellite observations are of great importance for independently verifying the accuracy of reported emissions and emission inventories. Difficulties in verifying these satellite-derived emissions arise from the fact that emission inventories often provide annual mean emissions, while estimates from satellites are available only for a limited number of overpasses. Previous studies have derived CO2 emissions for power plants from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 and 3 (OCO-2 and OCO-3) satellite observations of their exhaust plumes, but the acc

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Harsa, Hastuadi, Agus Buono, Rahmat Hidayat, et al. "Fine-tuning satellite-based rainfall estimates." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 149 (May 2018): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/149/1/012047.

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Wernecke, Andreas, Dirk Notz, Stefan Kern, and Thomas Lavergne. "Estimating the uncertainty of sea-ice area and sea-ice extent from satellite retrievals." Cryosphere 18, no. 5 (2024): 2473–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2473-2024.

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Abstract. The net Arctic sea-ice area (SIA) can be estimated from the sea-ice concentration (SIC) by passive microwave measurements from satellites. To be a truly useful metric, for example of the sensitivity of the Arctic sea-ice cover to global warming, we need, however, reliable estimates of its uncertainty. Here we retrieve this uncertainty by taking into account the spatial and temporal error correlations of the underlying local sea-ice concentration products. As 1 example year, we find that in 2015 the average observational uncertainties of the SIA are 306 000 km2 for daily estimates, 27

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Maggioni, Viviana, Mathew R. P. Sapiano, Robert F. Adler, Yudong Tian, and George J. Huffman. "An Error Model for Uncertainty Quantification in High-Time-Resolution Precipitation Products." Journal of Hydrometeorology 15, no. 3 (2014): 1274–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-13-0112.1.

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Abstract This study proposes a new framework, Precipitation Uncertainties for Satellite Hydrology (PUSH), to provide time-varying, global estimates of errors for high-time-resolution, multisatellite precipitation products using a technique calibrated with high-quality validation data. Errors are estimated for the widely used Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) 3B42 product at daily/0.25° resolution, using the NOAA Climate Prediction Center (CPC) Unified gauge dataset as the benchmark. PUSH estimates the probability distribution of reference p

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Kidd, C., and V. Levizzani. "Status of satellite precipitation retrievals." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 4 (2011): 1109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1109-2011.

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Abstract. Satellites offer an unrivalled vantage point to observe and measure Earth system processes and parameters. Precipitation (rain and snow) in particular, benefit from such observations since precipitation is spatially and temporally highly variable and with satellites overcoming some of the deficiencies of conventional gauge and radar measurements. This paper provides an overall review of quantitative precipitation estimation, covering the basis of the satellite systems used in the observation of precipitation, the dissemination and processing of this data, and the generation, availabi

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Yuan, Zhimin, Changsheng Cai, Lin Pan, and Cuilin Kuang. "An Improved Multi-Satellite Method for Evaluating Real-Time BDS Satellite Clock Offset Products." Remote Sensing 12, no. 21 (2020): 3638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12213638.

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Two methods are widely used for evaluating the precision of satellite clock products, namely the single-satellite method (SSM) and the multi-satellite method (MSM). In the satellite clock product evaluation, an important issue is how to eliminate the timescale difference. The SSM selects a reference satellite to eliminate the timescale difference by between-satellite differencing, but its evaluation results are susceptible to the gross errors in the referenced satellite clock offsets. In the MSM, the timescale difference is first estimated and then removed. Unlike the GPS, the BeiDou Navigatio

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Cheng, Weiwei, Guigen Nie, and Jian Zhu. "Characterizing Periodic Variations of Atomic Frequency Standards via Their Frequency Stability Estimates." Sensors 23, no. 11 (2023): 5356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23115356.

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The onboard atomic frequency standard (AFS) is a crucial element of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites. However, it is widely accepted that periodic variations can influence the onboard AFS. The presence of non-stationary random processes in AFS signals can lead to inaccurate separation of the periodic and stochastic components of satellite AFS clock data when using least squares and Fourier transform methods. In this paper, we characterize the periodic variations of AFS using Allan and Hadamard variances and demonstrate that the Allan and Hadamard variances of the periodics

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Varsha, H. S., B. Chougule Shreyanka, V. Vighnesam N., and K. L. Sudha. "IRNSS Orbit and Clock Bias Estimation using NavIC Ground Receiver Data: Extended Kalman Filter." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 9, no. 2 (2019): 713–17. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.B3670.129219.

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The aim of this work is to precisely estimate the IRNSS satellite’s orbit and clock errors using NavIC receiver data. Orbit determination is required to precisely calculate the user/receiver position on the Earth. In this study, Bengaluru, Surat, Kolkata, and Hyderabad’s NavIC ground receivers’ data is considered for orbit estimation. The pseudo-range measurements received by the ground receivers have multiple errors added due to ionospheric delay, tropospheric delay, multipath delays, satellite clock errors, and some unmodeled effects. But, the major factor accounting for er

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Bastos, Eduardo J. de Brito, Jaidete M. de Souza, and Tantravahi V. Ramana Rao. "Potential evapotranspiration estimates for northeast Brazil using GOES-8 data." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 4, no. 3 (2000): 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-43662000000300008.

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In this study, an empirical method proposed by Caselles et al. (1992a) is utilized to determine the potential evapotranspiration (ETP) on a regional scale. This method uses the global solar radiation data retrieved by the global radiation model GL1.0, which in turn utilizes data from the visible channel of the GOES-8 satellite. This method is applied to the northeast region of Brazil, using daily and monthly climatological data as the ground truth information to estimate the ETP and the estimated daily ETP data for September, 1997. The methodology involved three steps: 1) to perform a spatial

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Santos, Luiz Octavio Fabricio dos, Carlos Alexandre Santos Querino, Juliane Kayse Albuquerque da Silva Querino, et al. "Validation of rainfall data estimated by GPM satellite on Southern Amazon region." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 14, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2249.

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Rainfall is a meteorological variable of great importance for hydric balance and for weather studies. Rainfall estimation, carried out by satellites, has increased the climatological dataset related to precipitation. However, the accuracy of these data is questionable. This paper aimed to validate the estimates done by the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite for the mesoregion of Southern Amazonas State, Brazil. The surface data were collected by the National Water Agency – ANA and National Institute of Meteorology – INMET, and is available at both institutions’ websites. The sate

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Liu, Lei, Xiuying Zhang, Wen Xu, et al. "Reviewing global estimates of surface reactive nitrogen concentration and deposition using satellite retrievals." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 14 (2020): 8641–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8641-2020.

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Abstract. Since the industrial revolution, human activities have dramatically changed the nitrogen (N) cycle in natural systems. Anthropogenic emissions of reactive nitrogen (Nr) can return to the earth's surface through atmospheric Nr deposition. Increased Nr deposition may improve ecosystem productivity. However, excessive Nr deposition can cause a series of negative effects on ecosystem health, biodiversity, soil, and water. Thus, accurate estimations of Nr deposition are necessary for evaluating its environmental impacts. The United States, Canada and Europe have successively launched a nu

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Zhao, Lin, Zhong Hua Su, and Yong Hao. "Research on Satellite Multi-Sensor Attitude Determination System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 1917–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.1917.

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An attitude determination system has been designed for the geocentric pointing triaxial stabilized satellites which employ a continuously running inertial rate sensor in conjunction with sun sensor and earth sensor. Earth/sun sensor data are processed to generate corrections to satellite attitude, gyro constant drift and earth sensor drift bias estimates. An extended Kalman filter based on the attitude determination system is derived in this paper for the satellite using two earth sensors, a two-axis digit sun sensor as attitude sensors and a three-axis gyro for the angular velocity. A simulat

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Sapiano, M. R. P., J. E. Janowiak, P. A. Arkin, H. Lee, T. M. Smith, and P. Xie. "Corrections for Temporal Discontinuities in the OPI." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 27, no. 3 (2010): 457–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jtecha1366.1.

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Abstract The longest record of precipitation estimated from satellites is the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) precipitation index (OPI), which is based on polar-orbiting infrared observations from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) instrument that has flown onboard successive NOAA satellites. A significant barrier to the use of these data in studies of the climate of tropical precipitation (among other things) is the large bias caused by orbital drift that is present in the OLR data. Because the AVHRR instruments are deployed on the polar-orbiting spacecraft, OLR observatio

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Kulawik, Susan, Debra Wunch, Christopher O'Dell, et al. "Consistent evaluation of ACOS-GOSAT, BESD-SCIAMACHY, CarbonTracker, and MACC through comparisons to TCCON." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, no. 2 (2016): 683–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-683-2016.

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Abstract. Consistent validation of satellite CO2 estimates is a prerequisite for using multiple satellite CO2 measurements for joint flux inversion, and for establishing an accurate long-term atmospheric CO2 data record. Harmonizing satellite CO2 measurements is particularly important since the differences in instruments, observing geometries, sampling strategies, etc. imbue different measurement characteristics in the various satellite CO2 data products. We focus on validating model and satellite observation attributes that impact flux estimates and CO2 assimilation, including accurate error

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Pathak, Harshavardhana Sunil, Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh, Krishnaswamy Krishna Moorthy, and Ravi Shankar Nanjundiah. "Assessment of regional aerosol radiative effects under the SWAAMI campaign – Part 2: Clear-sky direct shortwave radiative forcing using multi-year assimilated data over the Indian subcontinent." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 22 (2020): 14237–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14237-2020.

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Abstract. Clear-sky, direct shortwave aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) has been estimated over the Indian region, for the first time employing multi-year (2009–2013) gridded, assimilated aerosol products, as an important part of the South West Asian Aerosol Monsoon Interactions (SWAAMI) which is a joint Indo-UK research field campaign focused at understanding the variabilities in atmospheric aerosols and their interactions with the Indian summer monsoon. The aerosol datasets have been constructed following statistical assimilation of concurrent data from a dense network of ground-based observat

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Callingham, Thomas M., Marius Cautun, Alis J. Deason, et al. "The mass of the Milky Way from satellite dynamics." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 484, no. 4 (2019): 5453–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz365.

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Abstract We present and apply a method to infer the mass of the Milky Way (MW) by comparing the dynamics of MW satellites to those of model satellites in the eagle cosmological hydrodynamics simulations. A distribution function (DF) for galactic satellites is constructed from eagle using specific angular momentum and specific energy, which are scaled so as to be independent of host halo mass. In this two-dimensional space, the orbital properties of satellite galaxies vary according to the host halo mass. The halo mass can be inferred by calculating the likelihood that the observed satellite po

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Chua, Zhi-Weng, Yuriy Kuleshov, and Andrew Watkins. "Evaluation of Satellite Precipitation Estimates over Australia." Remote Sensing 12, no. 4 (2020): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12040678.

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This study evaluates the U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH) and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency’s (JAXA) Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) satellite precipitation estimates over Australia across an 18 year period from 2001 to 2018. The evaluation was performed on a monthly time scale and used both point and gridded rain gauge data as the reference dataset. Overall statistics demonstrated that satellite precipitation estimates did exhibit skill over Australia and that gauge-blending yie

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Sahlu, Dejene, Semu A. Moges, Efthymios I. Nikolopoulos, Emmanouil N. Anagnostou, and Dereje Hailu. "Evaluation of High-Resolution Multisatellite and Reanalysis Rainfall Products over East Africa." Advances in Meteorology 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4957960.

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The performance of six satellite-based and three newly released reanalysis rainfall estimates are evaluated at daily time scale and spatial grid size of 0.25 degrees during the period of 2000 to 2013 over the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia, with the view of improving the reliability of precipitation estimates of the wet (June to September) and secondary rainy (March to May) seasons. The study evaluated both adjusted and unadjusted satellite-based products of TMPA, CMORPH, PERSIANN, and ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis as well as Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP) estimates. Amon

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Barré, Jérôme, Hervé Petetin, Augustin Colette, et al. "Estimating lockdown-induced European NO<sub>2</sub> changes using satellite and surface observations and air quality models." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 9 (2021): 7373–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7373-2021.

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Abstract. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of NO2 changes across the main European urban areas induced by COVID-19 lockdowns using satellite retrievals from the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5p satellite, surface site measurements, and simulations from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) regional ensemble of air quality models. Some recent TROPOMI-based estimates of changes in atmospheric NO2 concentrations have neglected the influence of weather variability between the reference and lockdown periods. Here we provide weather-nor

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Sadeghi, Morteza, Ardeshir Ebtehaj, Wade T. Crow, et al. "Global Estimates of Land Surface Water Fluxes from SMOS and SMAP Satellite Soil Moisture Data." Journal of Hydrometeorology 21, no. 2 (2020): 241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-19-0150.1.

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AbstractIn-depth knowledge about the global patterns and dynamics of land surface net water flux (NWF) is essential for quantification of depletion and recharge of groundwater resources. Net water flux cannot be directly measured, and its estimates as a residual of individual surface flux components often suffer from mass conservation errors due to accumulated systematic biases of individual fluxes. Here, for the first time, we provide direct estimates of global NWF based on near-surface satellite soil moisture retrievals from the Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and Soil Moisture Active Pa

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Rayner, Nick A., Renate Auchmann, Janette Bessembinder, et al. "The EUSTACE Project: Delivering Global, Daily Information on Surface Air Temperature." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 101, no. 11 (2020): E1924—E1947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-19-0095.1.

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AbstractDay-to-day variations in surface air temperature affect society in many ways, but daily surface air temperature measurements are not available everywhere. Therefore, a global daily picture cannot be achieved with measurements made in situ alone and needs to incorporate estimates from satellite retrievals. This article presents the science developed in the EU Horizon 2020–funded EUSTACE project (2015–19, www.eustaceproject.org) to produce global and European multidecadal ensembles of daily analyses of surface air temperature complementary to those from dynamical reanalyses, integrating

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Lewis, William E., Timothy L. Olander, Christopher S. Velden, Christopher Rozoff, and Stefano Alessandrini. "Analog Ensemble Methods for Improving Satellite-Based Intensity Estimates of Tropical Cyclones." Atmosphere 12, no. 7 (2021): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070830.

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Accurate, reliable estimates of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity are a crucial element in the warning and forecast process worldwide, and for the better part of 50 years, estimates made from geostationary satellite observations have been indispensable to forecasters for this purpose. One such method, the Advanced Dvorak Technique (ADT), was used to develop analog ensemble (AnEn) techniques that provide more precise estimates of TC intensity with instant access to information on the reliability of the estimate. The resulting methods, ADT-AnEn and ADT-based Error Analog Ensemble (ADTE-AnEn), were

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Le Coz, Camille, Arnold Heemink, Martin Verlaan, Marie-claire ten Veldhuis, and Nick van de Giesen. "Correcting Position Error in Precipitation Data Using Image Morphing." Remote Sensing 11, no. 21 (2019): 2557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11212557.

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Rainfall estimates based on satellite data are subject to errors in the position of the rainfall events in addition to errors in their intensity. This is especially true for localized rainfall events such as the convective rainstorms that occur during the monsoon season in sub-Saharan Africa. Many satellite-based estimates use gauge information for bias correction. However, bias adjustment methods do not correct the position errors explicitly. We propose to gauge-adjust satellite-based estimates with respect to the position using a morphing method. Image morphing transforms an image, in our ca

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Kidd, C., and V. Levizzani. "Status of satellite precipitation retrievals." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, no. 5 (2010): 8157–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-8157-2010.

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Abstract. Satellites offer an unrivalled vantage point to observe and measure Earth system processes and parameters. Precipitation (rain and snow) in particular, benefit from such observations since precipitation is spatially and temporally highly variable and overcomes some of the deficiencies of conventional gauge and radar measurements. This paper provides an overall review of quantitative precipitation estimation, covering the basis of the satellite systems used in the observation of precipitation and the dissemination of this data, the processing of these measurements to generate the rain

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