Relevant bibliographies by topics / Satellites artificiels

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Satellites artificiels'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 March 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Satellites artificiels"

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Exertier, Pierre, and Gilles Métris. "Dynamique des satellites artificiels et ses applications." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics 1, no. 4 (May 2000): 523–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1296-2147(00)00161-x.

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El kharki, Omar. "Panorama sur les méthodes de classification des images satellites et techniques d'amélioration de la précision de la classification." Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection, no. 210 (April 7, 2015): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.52638/rfpt.2015.259.

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Au cours des dernières années, de nombreuses approches avancées de classification, tels que les réseaux de neurones artificiels, arbres de décision, les ensembles flous, etc. ont été largement appliquées à la classification des images satellites. Chaque méthode de classification a son propre mérite. Sélectionner une approche de classification appropriéepour une étude spécifique n'est pas facile. Différents résultats de classification peuvent être obtenus selon le(s) classificateur(s) choisi(s). Dans cet article, nous passons en revue diverses méthodes de classification avec une analyse et étude comparative. Nous présentons également les techniques pour améliorer la précision de la classification de lacouverture terrestre.
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Schutz, B. E. "New Observational Techniques and Precise Orbit Determination of Artificial Satellites." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 165 (1997): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s025292110004639x.

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AbstractModern observational techniques using ground-based and space-based instrumentation have enabled the measurement of the distance between the instrument and satellite to better than one centimeter. Such high precision instrumentation has fostered applications with centimeter-level requirements for satellite position knowledge. The determination of the satellite position to such accuracy requires a comparable modeling of the forces experienced by the satellite, especially when classical orbit determination methods are used. Geodetic satellites, such as Lageos, in conjunction with high precision ground-based laser ranging, have been used to improve for modeling of forces experienced by the satellite. Space-based techniques, such as Global Positioning System (GPS), offer alternatives, including kinematic techniques which require no modeling of the satellite forces, or only rudimentary models. This paper will describe the various techniques and illustrate the accuracies achieved with current satellites, such as TOPEX/POSEIDON, GPS/MET and the expectations for some future satellites.
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Yifei, Xie. "Research on the development of artificial satellites." Theoretical and Natural Science 30, no. 1 (January 15, 2024): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/30/20241136.

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This paper aims to systematically explore the development history, current situation, and future trends of artificial satellites, and to comprehensively analyze the important role of artificial satellites in national science and technology, national defense, and economic construction. Firstly, the paper outlines the extensive applications of artificial satellites as an important component of modern aerospace technology in fields such as communication, navigation, meteorology, and earth observation, as well as their significant importance for national security and economic development. Secondly, this paper adopts the research methods of literature review and case analysis to systematically study the latest progress and achievements in artificial satellite technology in various countries around the world and deeply analyzes the key technological breakthroughs and current development status of China in remote sensing, navigation, communication and other fields. Finally, through an in-depth analysis of the development trends and challenges faced by artificial satellite technology, combined with the current development status of Chinas aerospace industry, strategies and suggestions for the future development of artificial satellite technology in China are proposed. This study can provide theoretical support for the research and application of artificial satellite technology in China, and help promote the sustained and healthy development of Chinas aerospace industry.
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Saiko, Volodymyr, Teodor Narytnyk, Valeriy Gladkykh, and Natalia Sivkova. "INNOVATIVE SOLUTION FOR LEO-SYSTEM WITH DISTRIBUTED SATELLITE ARCHITECTURE." Information systems and technologies security, no. 1 (2) (2020): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/ists.2020.1.77-83.

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An innovative solution for practical implementation in a LEO system with a "distributed satellite" architecture that can be used to provide low-orbital spacecraft communications with ground stations and users of 5G / IoT satellite services is proposed. The essence of the proposed development in the system of low-orbital satellite communication with FC-architecture is that to reduce the delay in signaling to consumers and the probability of overloading the network into a prospective system of low-orbital satellite communication, which contains artificial Earth satellites, each of which functions in Earth orbit and equipped with onboard repeaters, inter-satellite communications, a network of ground-based communication and control systems for artificial satellites of the Earth, a grouping of low-orbiting space their devices (LEO-system), which includes the grouping of root (leading) satellites and satellites-repeaters (slave), around each root satellite is formed micro-grouping of satellites-repeaters, and functions of the root satellite in the selected orbital phase of the orbital -or micro-satellites that are connected to the annular network by communication lines between satellites, and - functions of satellites-repeaters - kubsat, new is the introduction of a multilevel boundary cloud system, which is a heterogeneity distributed computing cloud structure. At the same time, the boundary clouds of the multilevel system are connected by ultra-high-speed wireless terahertz radio lines and wireless optical communication systems. The technique of estimation of access time in the proposed structure of "fog computing" on the basis of the model of access in "fog computing" with the resolution of collisions of data sources implementing the survey mode is presented.
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KUDO, ISAO. "Satellite Technology in Space Age. Commercialization of Artificial Satellites." Journal of the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan 118, no. 4 (1998): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjournal.118.206.

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Y. CH BISSA, Stevry, Ibnu Nurul Huda, Muhammad Bayu Saputra, Sofian Rizal, Ridlo W. Wibowo, and Farahhati Mumtahana. "Development of artificial Earth satellite simulation software for future radio telescopes in Indonesia." Romanian Astronomical Journal 33, no. 1-2 (December 12, 2023): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.59277/roaj.2023.1-2.01.

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"In the near future, four radio telescopes will be installed in Indonesia. Besides the astronomical purposes, these telescopes are expected to support the ground station for tracking the Artificial Earth Satellites (AES). In this study, we focus on the development of AES simulation software, named AESSIMS, that can be used to aid Indonesian radio telescope engineers in tracking the AES. This software is interactive and web-based. It can track the AES position in real time as well as predict the position for the near future. This software provides information about when a satellite signal can be acquired and lost, which can be beneficial for radio telescopes to establish communication with the satellite. We visualize the use of this software by conducting a simulation of satellite tracking by Indonesian future radio telescopes. Three Indonesian satellites named LAPAN-A1/TUBSAT, LAPAN-A2/ORARI, and LAPAN-A3/IPB are considered in the simulation. This study demonstrates that AESSIMS simulation results for Indonesian satellites and radio telescopes are consistent with the results obtained from already existing satellite tracking simulation software."
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Olukunle Kolawole, Soyinka, and Duan Haibin. "Satellite formation keeping via chaotic artificial bee colony." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 89, no. 2 (March 6, 2017): 246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-02-2014-0019.

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Purpose Keeping satellite position within close tolerances is key for the utilization of satellite formations for space missions. The presence of perturbation forces makes control inevitable if such mission objective is to be realised. Various approaches have been used to obtain feedback controller parameters for satellites in a formation; this paper aims to approach the problem of estimating the optimal feedback parameter for a leader–follower pair of satellites in a small eccentric orbit using nature-based search algorithms. Design/methodology/approach The chaotic artificial bee colony algorithm is a variant of the basic artificial bee colony algorithm. The algorithm mimics the behaviour of bees in their search for food sources. This paper uses the algorithm in optimizing feedback controller parameters for a satellite formation control problem. The problem is formulated to optimize the controller parameters while minimizing a fuel- and state-dependent cost function. The dynamical model of the satellite is based on Gauss variational equations with J2 perturbation. Detailed implementation of the procedure is provided, and experimental results of using the algorithm are also presented to show feasibility of the method. Findings The experimental results indicate the feasibility of this approach, clearly showing the effective control of the transients that arise because of J2 perturbation. Originality/value This paper applied a swarm intelligence approach to the problem of estimating optimal feedback control parameter for a pair of satellites in a formation.
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Alluhaybi, Abdulaziz, Panos Psimoulis, and Rasa Remenyte-Prescott. "An Evaluation of Optimization Algorithms for the Optimal Selection of GNSS Satellite Subsets." Remote Sensing 16, no. 10 (May 18, 2024): 1794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16101794.

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Continuous advancements in GNSS systems have led, apart from the broadly used GPS, to the development of other satellite systems (Galileo, BeiDou, GLONASS), which have significantly increased the number of available satellites for GNSS positioning applications. However, despite GNSS satellites’ redundancy, a potential poor GNSS satellite signal (i.e., low signal-to-noise ratio) can negatively affect the GNSS’s performance and positioning accuracy. On the other hand, selecting high-quality GNSS satellite signals by retaining a sufficient number of GNSS satellites can enhance the GNSS’s positioning performance. Various methods, including optimization algorithms, which are also commonly adopted in artificial intelligence (AI) methods, have been applied for satellite selection. In this study, five optimization algorithms were investigated and assessed in terms of their ability to determine the optimal GNSS satellite constellation, such as Artificial Bee Colony optimization (ABC), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Simulated Annealing (SA). The assessment of the optimization algorithms was based on two criteria, such as the robustness of the solution for the optimal satellite constellation and the time required to find the solution. The selection of the GNSS satellites was based on the weighted geometric dilution of precision (WGDOP) parameter, where the geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) is modified by applying weights based on the quality of the satellites’ signal. The optimization algorithms were tested on the basis of 24 h of tracking data gathered from a permanent GNSS station, for GPS-only and multi-GNSS data (GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo). According to the comparison results, the ABC, ACO, and PSO algorithms were equivalent in terms of selection accuracy and speed. However, ABC was determined to be the most suitable algorithm due it requiring the fewest number of parameters to be set. To further investigate ABC’s performance, the method was applied for the selection of an optimal GNSS satellite subset according to the number of total available tracked GNSS satellites (up to 31 satellites), leading to more than 300 million possible combinations of 15 GNSS satellites. ABC was able to select the optimal satellite subsets with 100% accuracy.
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Chandru, P. A., Arianne Gutierrez, Cynthia Valenzuela, Poorvi Shetty, and Shristy Kumar. "Review on Semi-Autonomous Robots for Satellite Maintenance and Refueling." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 11 (November 26, 2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem38888.

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As the number of satellites in Earth's orbit continues to grow, the need for efficient satellite servicing solutions becomes increasingly pressing. Currently, about 9,900 satellites are in orbit, with over 3,300 of these being inactive, posing a threat as space debris. Traditional methods for satellite maintenance and refueling are complex, expensive, and risky. The development of semi-autonomous robots, powered by advancements in artificial intelligence and robotics, presents a more efficient alternative. These robots can perform complex maintenance and refueling tasks with minimal human intervention, reducing costs and risks associated with satellite servicing. This paper investigates the design, technological advancements, and operational strategies behind these robots, and how they can mitigate space debris while enhancing the sustainability of satellite operations. Key Words: Maintenance, Satellites, Refuelling, Robots.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Satellites artificiels"

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Loireau, Maud. "Espaces, ressources, usages : spatialisation des interactions dynamiques entre les systèmes sociaux et les systèmes écologiques au Sahel nigérien." Montpellier 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON30058.

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L'objectif de ce travail etait de comprendre la structure et la dynamique des paysages et se donner les moyens de pronostiquer leur evolution. Cette etude a ete abordee a travers une approche de la dynamique et de la spatialisation des interactions entre les systemes ecologiques et sociaux, centree sur la dynamique entre ressources et usages. Les travaux ont conduit a differencier et proposer desmethodes pour caracteriser d'une part, a partir d'images aeriennes et satellitales, des espaces paysagers (unites paysageres), soumis a des facteurs biophysiques et a l'utilisation passee et actuelle des terres, et d'autre part, par modelisation, des espaces de pratiques homogenes (unites de pratiques homogenes) traduisant les modes d'intervention des societes rurales sur leur milieu. La confrontation de ces deux espaces conduit a definir des unites spatiales de reference, sur lesquelles sont quantifiees simultanement la nature et la quantite de ressources produites, ainsi que la nature et l'intensite des prelevements operes par les populations. Une approche modulaire par grand type d'utilisation des terres (agricole, pastorale et forestiere) a permis d'etablir des bilans spatialises pourchacun des modules, leur confrontation aboutissant a la comprehension des paysages actuels, a travers un bilan global multi-usage. Cette approche systemique a ete integree dans un systeme d'information sur l'environnement. Ce programme de recherche a ete conduit sur le site de banizoumbou au niger, sur lequel sont intervenues de nombreuses equipes de l'orstom, agronomes, pedologues et hydrologues, en collaboration avec l'equipe de m. D'herbes, phyto-ecologue a l'orstom. Les developpements informatiques ont ete realises en collaboration avec m. Gayte, actuellement a esrifrance.
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Bazard, Jean-Pierre. "Le régime juridique de la télévision par satellites." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT3010.

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Les emissions de television relayees par satellites posent le probleme juridique de la liberte d'information et de la souverainete des etats. Toutes les reglementations internationales (et nationales) interdisant ou limitant la libre reception directe des emissions de television par satellites se sont revelees inefficaces. On constate, ainsi, un mouvement mondial propice a la liberte de receptiondirecte appuye par le droit europeen qui met en echec les regles des institutions internationales. La revendication de la souverainete etatique reste symbolique. La television satellitaire est favorable aux etats s'ils savent l'utiliser et s'y adapter. Les preoccupations economiques ont mis en arriere plan la question de l'interdiction de la reception directe. Cependant, il faut souligner que la liberte de reception est violee des qu'il y a cablodistribution des emissions de television satellitaire. Un nouvel ordre juridique de la television par satellites s'elabore. Il se construit grace a de nouvelles actrices comme les organisations europeennes et mondiale du commerce. Les etats doivent s'interroger sur la commercialisation mondiale des services audiovisuels qui permettrait, malgre sesinconvenients, une plus grande liberte de reception. Egalement, les acteurs prives, tels que certains exploitants de satellites, font pression pour exiger une libre reception totale. En revanche, le role des organisations internationales initiales s'estompe quelque peu. Le nouvel ordre juridique se caracterise par un droit conventionnel au plan technique et par la naissance d'une coutume internationale quant a la liberte de diffusion et de reception des emissions. Il faut rechercher l'equilibre audiovisuel entre les etats ou que ces derniers considerent que la diffusion globale des emissions de television par satellites tend vers un equilibrage satisfaisant. Alors, les etats ont tendance a accepter plus volontiers la reception directe. Les problemes juridiques poses par la television satellitaire apparaissent bien minimes compares a ceux que creeront les autoroutes de l'information.
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Soudarin, Laurent. "Positionnement précis et tectonique des plaques à partir du système spatial DORIS." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30169.

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Depuis quelques annees, la geodesie spatiale permet de mesurer le deplacement de stations d'observation a la surface de la terre avec une precision de quelques millimetres par an. Par rapport aux techniques existantes (vlbi, slr), le systeme spatial d'orbitographie et de positionnement precis doris (determination d'orbite et radiopositionnement integres par satellite) offre une meilleure couverture du globe grace a son reseau de poursuite constitue d'une cinquantaine de balises permanentes reparties sur 10 plaques lithospheriques majeures. Les mesures des instruments doris embarques sur les satellites spot2 et topex-poseidon ont ete analysees par une methode semi-dynamique pour determiner la position et le deplacement des stations du reseau. Les performances du positionnement qui etaient de 15-20 cm apres la premiere annee de vie de doris sur spot2 ont pu etre ameliorees grace a la reduction des principaux postes d'erreurs qui affectent l'orbite du satellite et le trajet du signal haute frequence entre les balises emettrices doris et le recepteur embarque. Une precision et une exactitude de 2-4 cm ont ete obtenues apres une meilleure modelisation de la perturbation du frottement atmospherique, de l'allongement du trajet du signal dans la troposphere et la prise en compte d'erreurs d'orbite periodiques. Ce niveau de performance a permis de calculer a partir de trois ans de mesures de doris sur spot2 et un an de mesures de doris sur topex-poseidon, les vitesses de deplacement d'une vingtaine de stations et les poles de rotation decrivant les mouvements relatifs des plaques pacifique, eurasie et afrique. Les resultats obtenus ont ete compares avec les valeurs predites par le modele geologique nuvel-1. Le tres bon accord entre les deux types de determination montre la capacite du systeme doris pour l'etude des phenomenes tectoniques a l'echelle globale
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Perosanz, Félix. "Utilisation des mesures GPS pour la restitution dynamique précise d'orbites et l'amélioration des modèles globaux de champ de gravité terrestre : application au satellite TOPEX/POSEIDON et à la simulation des performances des futures missions géodésiques." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30183.

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La determination de modeles de champ de gravite terrestre est une activite essentielle du groupe de recherches de geodesie spatiale (grgs) depuis plus de 20 ans. Chaque nouvelle iteration de la serie des modeles grim a apporte des ameliorations sensibles de la description du geopotentiel tant en resolution qu'en precision. Cependant pour differentes applications geophysiques et oceanographiques la qualite de ces modeles apparait d'ores et deja comme limitative. Un gain d'un ordre de grandeur sur la connaissance du geoide doit etre realise dans un proche avenir. La communaute scientifique s'accorde a penser qu'un tel progres ne pourra venir que d'une nouvelle mission satellitaire mettant en uvre les techniques de poursuite de satellite par satellite (sst) et/ou de gravimetrie embarque (sgg) a une altitude inferieure a 500 km. Le satellite topex/poseidon (t/p), lance en 1992 sur une orbite a 1300 km d'altitude, embarquait a titre probatoire et pour la premiere fois dans de bonnes conditions de suivi, un recepteur gps de grande qualite. Des mesures radioelectriques de precision centimetrique entre l'ensemble des 24 satellites de la constellation gps orbitants a 20000 km d'altitude et t/p allaient etre possible. L'orbitographie operationnelle du satellite etait assuree par les systemes de poursuites doris et laser dont les performances etaient reconnues. De gravite. Dans un premier temps les travaux de these ont consiste a etendre les capacites du logiciel de calcul d'orbites gins du grgs au traitement des mesures gps. Cela a implique le developpement complet de la chaine de pre-traitement de ces mesures, l'introduction de la fonction de mesure gps (double difference de phase) et la gestion des inconnues associees dans gins ainsi que sa reorganisation pour en faire un outil d'orbitographie multi-satellites. L'ensemble des mesures gps, doris et laser mettant en uvre le satellite t/p, 20 satellites gps, 20 stations gps du reseau igs et l'ensemble des stations des reseaux doris et laser sur une periode de 10 jours (cycle 15 de t/p) ont ete traitees. Differents tests ont montre une precision de restitution de l'orbite de t/p de 3-4 cm dans la direction radiale et decimetrique dans les trois directions (rms), soit des performances comparables a celles obtenues par d'autres groupes (jet propulsion laboratory, university of texas). De plus les differentes combinaisons des trois types d'observables ont montre une amelioration de la restitution de l'orbite de t/p faible mais systematique lorsque les mesures gps et doris sont traitees simultanement. Enfin, les systemes d'equations normales issus du traitement des mesures gps, doris et laser sur l'ensemble du cycle 15 ont ete generees et combinees pour donner 5 modeles de champ de gravite. Une etude relative de ces differentes solutions a montre d'une part, q ue les donnees gps avaient l'impact le plus important sur les modeles et d'autre part, que les solutions incluant les equations normales (gps+doris) et (gps+doris+laser) donnaient les meilleurs resultats suggerant une certaine complementarite au sens dynamique de ces differents systemes de poursuite. Dans un second temps, le developpement d'un logiciel de simulation des performances de mission geodesique a ete entrepris. En effet, depuis l'abandon du projet aristoteles en 1991, differents projets dediees a l'amelioration des modeles de champ de gravite ont ete proposees (step, games, grace). La variete des techniques mises en uvres (sst ou sgg), des caracteristiques instrumentales (type d'observation, precision, bruit) et orbitales (altitude entre 200 et 500 km) necessitaient le developpement d'un logiciel de simulation a la fois general et rapide. Cet outil, baptise manege (methode analytico-numerique d'estimation du geopotentiel), a permis d'effectuer une etude comparative des performances de chacun de ces projets ainsi que de contribuer a la definition du concept bridge du cnes
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Bès, Marie-Pierre. "Innovations et progrès technique : le cas du satellite dans l'industrie spatiale." Toulouse 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU10030.

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Les relations économiques des innovations au progrès technique relèvent de l'analyse des technologies, qui met en avant les concepts d'irréversibilité et d'institutions. En effet, seules les innovations majeures portant sur les technologies génériques provoquent un changement de système technique. Le travail empirique, qui porte sur les technologies liées au satellite, offre un terrain propice à l'utilisation de concepts opératoires. Les effets d'apprentissage et activités de conception se substituent à la cryptique classique invention innovation diffusion. L'étude approfondie des théories du changement technique et l'expose des contraintes propres au secteur des satellites, permet d'émettre deux hypothèses complémentaires : a) les externalités dynamiques de l'innovation empêchent les firmes d'adopter, en situation de concurrence, une nouvelle technologie générique ; b) les institutions publiques jouent un rôle essentiel dans le déclenchement d'un nouveau cycle technologique
The relationship between innovations and technical progress comes under the dynamic analysis of technology, which presents the concepts of irreversibility and institution. In fact, only the major innovations made on generic technology induce a shift of the technical system. The empirical work, about the satellite technologies, allows employing some operative concepts. The learning effects and the conception activities are more realistic than the classic innovation process: invention innovation diffusion. The analysis of the economic theory on the technical progress and the presentation of the satellite production constraints lead to propose two other assumptions first? The dynamic market failures in innovations prevent the firms in competition ton adopt a new generic technology; last, the public institutions play a crucial role in the trigger of technology cycle
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Normandeau, Marc. "Le modele ROOM : formalisation de sa sémantique statique et son application au developpement d'un logiciel de poursuite de satellites." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1997.

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Laas-Bourez, Myrtille. "Détection des satellites artificiels dans les images astronomiques : application aux images TAROT." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX11055.

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Il y a cinquante ans, le rêve de l’Humanité de conquérir l’espace est devenu réalité. Après l’euphorie des débuts, nous avons commencé à mesurer les conséquences environnementales de cet exploit. Chaque satellite envoyé dans l’espace a inévitablement produit son lot de débris tels que les différentes parties de son lanceur, le réservoir à carburant ou des fragments issus de collisions, créant ainsi la pollution spatiale. Bien que les objets sur des orbites basses puissent redescendre et brûler en traversant l’atmosphère, ceux des orbites hautes perdureront pendant des siècles. Des mesures ont été mises en place pour préserver l’environnement et assurer la sécurité de missions spatiales. Il est alors nécessaire d’améliorer notre connaissance de cette population. Depuis 2004, le CNES et le CNRS utilisent les télescopes TAROT pour observer et étudier des satellites et des débris sur l’orbite géostationnaire. L’objectif principal de ce travail est de développer des méthodes précises, rapides et robustes pour mettre en place le suivi et la détection d’objets catalogués ou non catalogués en orbite circumterrestre. Nous avons travaillé tant sur les aspects instrumentaux que sur les méthodes de traitement de données. Nous avons d’abord amélioré la précision des mesures en étalonnant la datation de chaque image à la milliseconde près. Puis nous proposons des méthodes pour améliorer la précision de l’étalonnage astrométrique. Finalement nous avons développé un nouvel algorithme d’extraction de sources adapté aux images faites sans suivi sidéral où les étoiles ne sont pas ponctuelles. Nous présentons cette nouvelle méthode qui permet d’extraire des satellites sur différentes orbites. Ce travail améliore la qualité de la surveillance de la ceinture géostationnaire. Nous avons étendu la détection vers des orbites inférieures telles que l’orbite moyenne (MEO), l’orbite de transfert géostationnaire (GTO) ou l’orbite basse (LEO). Notre méthode est basée sur la morphologie mathématique. Les résultats obtenus avec TAROT démontrent un réel apport dans des conditions pratiques par rapport aux premiers tests réalisés et peuvent être appliqués à d’autres images astronomiques. Enfin, pendant les équinoxes, lors d’une configuration géométrique particulière entre l’observateur, le Soleil et le satellite, ce dernier peut devenir jusqu’à 4000 fois plus brillant. Nous avons utilisé un phénomène naturel qui augmente l’illumination des satellites géostationnaires et fournit le moyen d’augmenter la détectabilité de petits objets sur des orbites éloignées
The dream of humankind to conquer space became reality fifty years ago. After the euphoria of the beginning, one started to measure the environmental consequences of this achievement. Every satellite sent to space inevitably produced debris like booster rocket, fuel tank or fragments from collisions, creating space pollution in turn. Though objects in low earth orbits can get back and eventually burn, thanks to the dragging of the atmosphere, the majority stay in orbit for centuries. Some measures have been enforced to protect the environment and ensure the safety of space missions but we have to improve our knowledge of the debris at all altitudes. Since 2004, the CNES and the CNRS use the TAROT telescopes to observe and study satellites and debris on the geostationary orbit. The main focus of this work is to develop accurate, rapid and robust methods in order to provide near real-time detections and enable systematic surveys of both known and unknown satellites and debris. We worked both on the instrumental aspects and the data processing methods. We first improved the measurement precision calibrating the image datation with an accuracy better than the millisecond. Then we propose methods to enhance greatly the astrometrical restitution. Finally we have developed a new algorithm of source extraction adapted for images where most of the objects (the stars and eventually the debris) are trailed. We present a new method to extract satellites on various orbits from the image data. This work improves the quality of the survey of the geostationary belt. We extend the detection towards lower orbits such as Medium Earth Orbit, Geostationary Transfer orbit or Low Earth Orbit. Our method is based on morphological mathematics. The results obtained in real conditions with TAROT are quite impressive and can be applied to other astronomical images. Finally we have utilized a natural phenomenon that increases drastically the illumination of geostationary satellites. It occurs during the equinoxes, thanks to the peculiar geometrical configuration between the satellite, the observer and the Sun. This provides a means to increase the detectability of small objects on distant orbits
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WAUTHIER, LAURENCE. "Utilisation du calcul formel en theorie analytique du mouvement des satellites artificiels." Rennes 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REN10097.

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La theorie analytique etudiee propose une solution aux equations du mouvement du satellite artificiel perturbe par le champ gravitationnel terrestre. Elle est formee de trois transformations canoniques pour eliminer les variations periodiques a courtes et longues periodes de la fonction hamiltonienne. Grace au calcul formel, on peut automatiser le calcul de ces transformations (methode de deprit), pour peu que l'on dispose d'un manipulateur de series de poisson et de fonctions de calcul differentiel. Le systeme de calcul formel scratchpad, muni d'un domaine pour representer les sommes trigonometriques, nous permet d'aboutir aux formules associees au probleme principal ou au probleme du j2-j6. Au moyen d'un generateur de code fortran construit pour cette application, nous obtenons les divers sous-programmes realisant l'evaluation numerique. Ces programmes de prediction d'orbite correspondent a un modele plus ou moins fin du geopotentiel. Ils sont valides au cnes par comparaison avec un integrateur numerique, et au vu de leur excellente precision, sont desormais integres dans la bibliotheque de mecanique spatiale mslib du cnes
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Exertier, Pierre. "Orbitographie des satellites artificiels sur de grandes périodes de temps : possibilités d'applications." Observatoire de Paris, 1988. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02095278.

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Depuis le lancement des premiers satellites artificiels, l'intégration numérique des équations différentielles régissant leur mouvement de révolution est venue très vite compenser le manque de précision des différentes théories analytiques compte tenu de la complexité croissante des fonctions de forces à intégrer. La méthode que nous avons développée, pour l'étude des systèmes dynamiques sur de grandes périodes de temps, s'attache à la détermination précise d'un mouvement moyen, autour du mouvement réel instantané. Sa force résulte de l'utilisation conjointe des méthodes de la mécanique céleste, pour transformer le système différentiel classique des équations du mouvement et de méthodes numériques récentes pour une intégration rapide, à grands pas. Les possibilités d'application sont d'abord liées à une détermination des constantes géophysiques, qui sont à l'origine des perturbations a longues périodes dans le mouvement de révolution des satellites artificiels. Plus généralement, la méthode de centrage s'applique à l'étude du comportement à long terme de systèmes dynamiques a plusieurs corps.
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Exertier, Pierre. "Orbitographie des satellites artificiels sur de grandes périodes de temps possibilités d'applications /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613431p.

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Books on the topic "Satellites artificiels"

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Chetty, P. R. K. Satellite technology and its applications. 2nd ed. Blue Ridge Summit, PA: TAB Professional and Reference Books, 1991.

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Chetty, P. R. K. Satellite technology and its applications. Blue Ridge Summit, PA: TAB Books, 1988.

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G, Evans B., and Institution of Electrical Engineers, eds. Satellite communication systems. 3rd ed. London, United Kingdom: Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1999.

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Blonstein, Larry. Communications satellites: The technology of space communications. New York: John Wiley, 1987.

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Leick, Alfred. GPS satellite surveying. New York: Wiley, 1990.

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Leick, Alfred. GPS satellite surveying. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1995.

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Canada. Dept. of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. Telecommunications : agreement between the Government of Canada and the Government of Argentine Republic concerning the provision of satellite facilities and the transmission and reception of signals to and from satellites for the provision of satellite services to users in Canada and the Argentine Republic (with protocol), Buenos Aires, October 17, 2000, in force October 17, 2000 =: Télécommunications : accord entre le gouvernement du Canada et le gouvernement de la République Argentine concernant la fourniture d'installations de satellite de même que la transmission et la réception de signaux à destination et en provenance de satellites pour la fourniture de services par satellite aux utilisateurs du Canada et de la République Argentine (avec protocole), Buenos Aires, le 17 octobre 2000, en vigueur le 17 octobre 2000. Ottawa, Ont: Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada = Ministre des travaux publics et services gouvernementaux Canada, 1998.

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Canada. Dept. of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. Telecommunications : agreement between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United States of America concerning the operation of commercial remote sensing satellite systems (with annex), Washington, June 16, 2000, in force June 16, 2000 =: Télécommunications : accord entre le gouvernement du Canada et le gouvernement des États-Unis d'Amérique concernant l'exploitation de systèmes commerciaux de télédétection par satellite (avec annexe), Washington, le 16 juin 2000, en vigueur le 16 juin 2000. Ottawa, Ont: Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada = Ministre des travaux publics et services gouvernementaux Canada, 1998.

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Trade, Canada Dept of Foreign Affairs and International. Telecommunications : protocol between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United Mexican States concerning the transmission and reception of signals from satellites for the provision of mobile-satellite services and associated feeder links in Canada and the United Mexican States (with annex), Mexico, January 16, 2001, in force January 16, 2001 =: Télécommunications : protocole entre le gouvernement du Canada et le gouvernement des États-Unis du Mexique relatif à l'émission et à la réception de signaux par satellite pour la fourniture de services mobiles par satellite de liaisons de connexion associées au Canada et aux États-Unis du Mexique (avec annexe), Mexico, le 16 janvier 2001, en vigueur le 16 janvier 2001. Ottawa, Ont: Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada = Ministre des travaux publics et services gouvernementaux Canada, 2001.

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Trade, Canada Dept of Foreign Affairs and International. Telecommunications : protocol between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United Mexican States concerning the transmission and reception of signals from satellites for the provision of fixed-satellite services in Canada and the United Mexican States, Mexico, January 16, 2001, in force January 16, 2001 =: Télécommunications : protocole entre le gouvernement du Canada et le gouvernement des États-Unis du Mexique relatif à l'émission et à la réception de signaux par satellite pour la fourniture de services fixes par satellite au Canada et aux États-Unis du Mexique, Mexico, le 16 janvier 2001, en vigueur le 16 janvier 2001. Ottawa, Ont: Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada = Ministre des travaux publics et services gouvernementaux Canada, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Satellites artificiels"

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Miles, Howard. "Artificial Satellites." In The Observational Amateur Astronomer, 253–69. London: Springer London, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0389-9_17.

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Bertotti, Bruno, Paolo Farinella, and David Vokrouhlický. "Artificial Satellites." In Astrophysics and Space Science Library, 587–620. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0233-2_18.

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Bertotti, Bruno, and Paolo Farinella. "Artificial Satellites." In Physics of the Earth and the Solar System, 391–417. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1916-7_18.

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Beutler, Gerhard. "Artificial Earth Satellites." In Astronomy and Astrophysics Library, 123–210. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26512-0_3.

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Kresken, R. "Artificial Earth Satellites." In Compendium of Practical Astronomy, 169–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45704-3_6.

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Schmude, Richard. "Observing Artificial Satellites." In Astronomers' Observing Guides, 113–42. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3915-8_4.

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Wukelic, G. E., R. A. Duffee, and R. C. Behn. "Artificial Earth Satellites." In Handbook of Soviet Space-Science Research, 25–60. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032674247-3.

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Batsukh, Khulan. "Cold Atom Interferometry in Satellite Geodesy for Sustainable Environmental Management." In Civil and Environmental Engineering for the Sustainable Development Goals, 43–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99593-5_4.

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AbstractOur Earth is a complex system. By monitoring the integrated geodetic-geodynamic processes, we can understand its sub-systems and geographical distribution of its resources. With the development of space techniques and artificial satellites, satellite geodesy era started, e.g., it became possible to observe a wide range of processes, occurring both on and below the Earth's surface. Such observations can be exploited not only in environmental activities, but also in societal activities like natural disasters monitoring. Thus, satellite geodesy can bring great benefits to “Climate action”, one of the 17 sustainable development goals of the United Nation: we can estimate the ice-sheet mass balance and study the impact of climate change by monitoring sea levels. This paper aims to investigate the possible implementation of cold atom sensors for future satellite gravity missions, which would improve our current knowledge of the Earth’s gravity field and contribute into the sustainable environmental management. Graphical Abstract
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Kumar, Ajay, B. S. Tewari, and Kamal Pandey. "Quantum Computing Application for Satellites and Satellite Image Processing." In Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Blockchain in Quantum Satellite, Drone and Network, 63–81. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003250357-5.

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Martin, C. F., T. V. Martin, and David E. Smith. "Satellite-Satellite Tracking for Estimating Geopotential Coefficients." In The Use of Artificial Satellites for Geodesy, 139–44. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm015p0139.

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Conference papers on the topic "Satellites artificiels"

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De Canio, Gabriele, Alisa Krstova, Florian Hegwein, Jonas Hansen, Patrick Fleith, Jose Martinez, and Jens Lerch. "Artificial Intelligence-Based Short-Term Satellite Health Forecasting." In IAF Space Operations Symposium, Held at the 75th International Astronautical Congress (IAC 2024), 638–43. Paris, France: International Astronautical Federation (IAF), 2024. https://doi.org/10.52202/078367-0069.

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Jaspin, K., K. Yogasundar, and S. Shree Vishnu. "Satellite Images Classification by Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques." In 2024 International Conference on Innovations and Challenges in Emerging Technologies (ICICET), 1–6. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicet59348.2024.10616283.

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Han, Xiaoyu. "Artificial Intelligence-based Interference Signal Recognition for Satellite Communications." In 2024 International Conference on Advanced Control Systems and Automation Technologies (ACSAT), 279–82. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/acsat63853.2024.10823708.

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Bortolotti, Sigfrido Valentino, Marco Eugeni, Paolo Gaudenzi, Filippo Bianchini, and Guido Volpi. "Study of Autonomous Satellite Planning Methods using Artificial Intelligence Techniques." In IAF Earth Observation Symposium, Held at the 75th International Astronautical Congress (IAC 2024), 1172–86. Paris, France: International Astronautical Federation (IAF), 2024. https://doi.org/10.52202/078362-0149.

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Kouhalvandi, Lida, Ladislau Matekovits, Mohammad Alibakhshikenari, and Mehmet Atif Kasim. "Artificial Intelligence for 3-D Satellite Networks: A Comprehensive Overview." In 2024 Advanced Topics on Measurement and Simulation (ATOMS), 58–61. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/atoms60779.2024.10921550.

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Chapman, Matthew, Andrew Tewkesbury, Doreen S. Boyd, Boguslaw Obara, and Deepayan Bhowmik. "Satellite image manipulation detection in generative AI era." In Artificial Intelligence for Security and Defence Applications II, edited by Henri Bouma, Yitzhak Yitzhaky, Radhakrishna Prabhu, and Hugo J. Kuijf, 28. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3033974.

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Chinnasamy, P., D. Tejaswini, Ramesh Kumar Ayyasamy, S. Dhanasekaran, B. Santhosh Kumar, and Likha Chandran. "Crop Optimization and Disease Detection using Satellite Imagery & Artificial Intelligence." In 2024 Second International Conference on Intelligent Cyber Physical Systems and Internet of Things (ICoICI), 1531–35. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icoici62503.2024.10696197.

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Zheng, Yichen, Gaoshen Li, and Weitao Xi. "Study on Monostatic RCS Fluctuation Model of a Small Artificial Satellite." In 2024 4th International Signal Processing, Communications and Engineering Management Conference (ISPCEM), 970–76. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ispcem64498.2024.00172.

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Myrick, Wil, Mike Tolfree, and Tom Matarese. "Complementary PNT with Fusion Artificial Intelligence Link Synchronization Array for eVTOL Systems (FAILSAFESTM)." In Vertical Flight Society 80th Annual Forum & Technology Display, 1–5. The Vertical Flight Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-1055.

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Fusion Artificial Intelligence Link Synchronization Array for eVTOL Systems (FAILSAFES™) is a resilient and redundant timing and positioning architecture based on low Size, Weight, Power, and Cost (SWaP-C) RF Ranging links for eVTOL systems navigating with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) in degraded or denied environments. This paper describes the overall FAILSAFES™ concept and discusses the underlying Complementary Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (CPNT) capabilities based on ENSCO's PicoRangerTM Array technology (PRAT). PRAT provides an array of low-cost RF ranging links between FAILSAFES™ ground stations and aircrafts to support navigation and timing distribution in GNSS degraded or denied environments. This paper will explore components of FAILSAFES™ and discuss initial PRAT based fusion results with respect to frequency and time stability.
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J, Sathya, and Ramkumar S. "Smart Satellites: Unveiling the Power of Artificial Intelligence in Space Communication-A Study." In 2024 5th International Conference on Data Intelligence and Cognitive Informatics (ICDICI), 1296–302. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icdici62993.2024.10810891.

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Reports on the topic "Satellites artificiels"

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Hwang, Tim, and Emily Weinstein. Decoupling in Strategic Technologies: From Satellites to Artificial Intelligence. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20200085.

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Geopolitical tensions between the United States and China have sparked an ongoing dialogue in Washington about the phenomenon of “decoupling”—the use of public policy tools to separate the multifaceted economic ties that connect the two powers. This issue brief provides a historical lens on the efficacy of one specific aspect of this broader decoupling phenomenon: using export controls and related trade policies to prevent a rival from acquiring the equipment and know-how to catch up to the United States in cutting-edge, strategically important technologies.
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Hofer, Martin, Tomas Sako, Arturo Martinez Jr., Mildred Addawe, Joseph Bulan, Ron Lester Durante, and Marymell Martillan. Applying Artificial Intelligence on Satellite Imagery to Compile Granular Poverty Statistics. Asian Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200432-2.

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This study outlines a computational framework to enhance the spatial granularity of government-published poverty estimates, citing data from the Philippines and Thailand. Computer vision techniques were applied on publicly available medium resolution satellite imagery, household surveys, and census data from the two countries. The results suggest that even using publicly accessible satellite imagery, predictions generally aligned with the distributional structure of government-published poverty estimates after calibration. The study further examines the robustness of the resulting estimates to user-specified algorithmic parameters and model specifications.
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Temple, Dorota S., Jason S. Polly, Meghan Hegarty-Craver, James I. Rineer, Daniel Lapidus, Kemen Austin, Katherine P. Woodward, and Robert H. Beach III. The View From Above: Satellites Inform Decision-Making for Food Security. RTI Press, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2019.rb.0021.1908.

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Despite notable progress in reducing global poverty and hunger in recent decades, about one out of nine people in the world suffers from hunger and malnutrition. Stakeholders charged with making decisions pertaining to agricultural production, development priorities, and policies at a region-to-country scale require quantitative and up-to-date information on the types of crops being cultivated, the acreage under cultivation, and crop yields. However, many low- and middle-income countries lack the infrastructure and resources for frequent and extensive agricultural field surveys to obtain this information. Technology supports a change of paradigm. Traditional methods of obtaining agricultural information through field surveys are increasingly being augmented by images of the Earth acquired through sensors placed on satellites. The continued improvement in the resolution of satellite images, the establishment of open-access infrastructure for processing of the images, and the recent revolutionary progress in artificial intelligence make it feasible to obtain the information at low cost and in near-to-real time. In this brief, we discuss the use of satellite images to provide information about agricultural production in low-income countries, and we comment on research challenges and opportunities. We highlight the near-term potential of the methodology in the context of Rwanda, a country in sub-Saharan Africa whose government has recognized early the value of information technology in its strategic planning for food security and sustainability.
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Lane, M. T. On Analytic Modeling of Lunar Perturbations of Artificial Satellites of the Earth. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada210440.

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Thegeya, Aaron, Thomas Mitterling, Arturo Martinez Jr, Joseph Albert Niño Bulan, Ron Lester Durante, and Jayzon Mag-atas. Application of Machine Learning Algorithms on Satellite Imagery for Road Quality Monitoring: An Alternative Approach to Road Quality Surveys. Asian Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220587-2.

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This paper examines the feasibility of using satellite imagery and artificial intelligence to develop an efficient and cost-effective way to determine and predict the condition of roads in the Asia and Pacific region. The paper notes that collecting information on road quality is difficult, particularly in harder to reach middle- and low-income areas, and explains why this method offers an alternative. It shows how the study’s preliminary algorithm was created using satellite imagery and existing road roughness data from the Philippines. It assesses the accuracy rate and finds it sufficient for the preliminary identification of poor to bad roads. It notes that additional enhancements are needed to increase its prediction accuracy and make it more robust.
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Velinov, Peter I. Y. Development of advanced space sciences after first artificial satellite. 60-th anniversary of the space age. Prof. Marin Drinov Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/aerebu.29.18.01.13.

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Miller, Kyle, and Andrew Lohn. Onboard AI: Constraints and Limitations. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/2022ca008.

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Artificial intelligence that makes news headlines, such as ChatGPT, typically runs in well-maintained data centers with an abundant supply of compute and power. However, these resources are more limited on many systems in the real world, such as drones, satellites, or ground vehicles. As a result, the AI that can run onboard these devices will often be inferior to state of the art models. That can affect their usability and the need for additional safeguards in high-risk contexts. This issue brief contextualizes these challenges and provides policymakers with recommendations on how to engage with these technologies.
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Goldfarb, Danielle. Can Real-Time Metrics Fill China’s Data Gap? Balsillie School of International Affairs, January 2025. https://doi.org/10.51644/bcs005.

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After Chinese authorities abruptly reversed the country’s zero-COVID policy in 2022, global policymakers needed a clear and timely picture of the economic and health fallout. China’s economy is the world’s second largest and the country has deep global links, so an accurate picture of its trajectory mattered for global health, growth and inflation. Getting a solid read was a challenge, however, since official health and economic data not only were not timely, but were widely viewed as unreliable. There are now vast amounts and varied types of digital data available, from satellite images to social media text to online payments; these, along with advances in artificial intelligence (AI), make it possible to collect and analyze digital data in ways previously impossible. Could these new tools help governments and global institutions refute or confirm China’s official picture and gather more timely intelligence?
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Perdigão, Rui A. P. Information physics and quantum space technologies for natural hazard sensing, modelling and prediction. Meteoceanics, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46337/210930.

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Disruptive socio-natural transformations and climatic change, where system invariants and symmetries break down, defy the traditional complexity paradigms such as machine learning and artificial intelligence. In order to overcome this, we introduced non-ergodic Information Physics, bringing physical meaning to inferential metrics, and a coevolving flexibility to the metrics of information transfer, resulting in new methods for causal discovery and attribution. With this in hand, we develop novel dynamic models and analysis algorithms natively built for quantum information technological platforms, expediting complex system computations and rigour. Moreover, we introduce novel quantum sensing technologies in our Meteoceanics satellite constellation, providing unprecedented spatiotemporal coverage, resolution and lead, whilst using exclusively sustainable materials and processes across the value chain. Our technologies bring out novel information physical fingerprints of extreme events, with recently proven records in capturing early warning signs for extreme hydro-meteorologic events and seismic events, and do so with unprecedented quantum-grade resolution, robustness, security, speed and fidelity in sensing, processing and communication. Our advances, from Earth to Space, further provide crucial predictive edge and added value to early warning systems of natural hazards and long-term predictions supporting climatic security and action.
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Borrett, Veronica, Melissa Hanham, Gunnar Jeremias, Jonathan Forman, James Revill, John Borrie, Crister Åstot, et al. Science and Technology for WMD Compliance Monitoring and Investigations. The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37559/wmd/20/wmdce11.

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The integration of novel technologies for monitoring and investigating compliance can enhance the effectiveness of regimes related to weapons of mass destruction (WMD). This report looks at the potential role of four novel approaches based on recent technological advances – remote sensing tools; open-source satellite data; open-source trade data; and artificial intelligence (AI) – in monitoring and investigating compliance with WMD treaties. The report consists of short essays from leading experts that introduce particular technologies, discuss their applications in WMD regimes, and consider some of the wider economic and political requirements for their adoption. The growing number of space-based sensors is raising confidence in what open-source satellite systems can observe and record. These systems are being combined with local knowledge and technical expertise through social media platforms, resulting in dramatically improved coverage of the Earth’s surface. These open-source tools can complement and augment existing treaty verification and monitoring capabilities in the nuclear regime. Remote sensing tools, such as uncrewed vehicles, can assist investigators by enabling the remote collection of data and chemical samples. In turn, this data can provide valuable indicators, which, in combination with other data, can inform assessments of compliance with the chemical weapons regime. In addition, remote sensing tools can provide inspectors with real time two- or three-dimensional images of a site prior to entry or at the point of inspection. This can facilitate on-site investigations. In the past, trade data has proven valuable in informing assessments of non-compliance with the biological weapons regime. Today, it is possible to analyse trade data through online, public databases. In combination with other methods, open-source trade data could be used to detect anomalies in the biological weapons regime. AI and the digitization of data create new ways to enhance confidence in compliance with WMD regimes. In the context of the chemical weapons regime, the digitization of the chemical industry as part of a wider shift to Industry 4.0 presents possibilities for streamlining declarations under the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and for facilitating CWC regulatory requirements.
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