Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Satellites artificiels en géodésie'
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Lucchesi, David. "Effets des forces non-gravitationnelles sur les satellites LAGEOS : impact sur la détermination de l'effet Lense-Thirring." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE5691.
Full textThis Ph. D. Thesis has been concentrated upon the study of the non-gravitational perturbative effects on LAGEOS satellites orbit and on the influence of these perturbations with regard to the geodynamical applications and to the Lense-Thirring effect determination. Indeed, laser ranging from Earth bound stations of these passive satellites has allowed the first direct measurement of the relativistic precession of the satellite orbital plane due to the Earth angular momentum, the so called Lense-Thirring effect. In this work we have investigated the perturbative effects due to the following non-conservative forces: i) direct solar radiation pressure, ii) Earth albedo radiation pressure, iii) solar Yarkovsky thermal thrust, iv) Earth Rubincam thermal thrust and v) anisotropic reflectivity of the satellite hemispheres. Our studies and analyses have been focused on the subsequent elements of the satellites orbit: a) eccentricity vector excitations components, b) argument of perigee rate, c) inclination rate and d) node rate. These studies have been performed both analytically and numerically, integrating the satellites orbits over a 7 years period. We have been particularly interested to LAGEOS II orbit analysis, and indeed these studies are new for several of the cited elements in the case of LAGEOS II. We have analysed 4. 7 years of LAGEOS II perigee and node residuals with respect to a reference orbit and we estimated from their fit the satellite parameters characteristic of the Yarkovsky effect and of the anisotropic reflectivity. The results obtained are totally new for LAGEOS II. Then we have estimated how the uncertainties of these non-gravitational effects influence the measurement of the Lense-Thirring effect. Finally we have given – over a 7-year period – the error budget estimate for the Lense-Thirring effect measurement due to different perturbations
Perosanz, Félix. "Utilisation des mesures GPS pour la restitution dynamique précise d'orbites et l'amélioration des modèles globaux de champ de gravité terrestre : application au satellite TOPEX/POSEIDON et à la simulation des performances des futures missions géodésiques." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30183.
Full textExertier, Pierre. "Orbitographie des satellites artificiels sur de grandes périodes de temps : possibilités d'applications." Observatoire de Paris, 1988. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02095278.
Full textSoudarin, Laurent. "Positionnement précis et tectonique des plaques à partir du système spatial DORIS." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30169.
Full textZoulida, Myriam. "Determination of terrestrial frames by optimal combination of GNSS, DORIS and SLR measurements." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC050.
Full textIn the present approach used to produce the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF), observations of the different space geodetic techniques are reduced in independent analyses. The only mean to tie the resulting technique-specific frames into a homogeneous combined frame is then to use local topometric ties between stations of different techniques co-located at the same observatory. However, inconsistencies between these local ties and space geodesy estimates of the station positions are today a major limiting factor of the ITRF quality. An alternative way of tying the different space geodetic techniques together is through the use of multitechnique satellites equipped with instruments of more than one technique. The main challenge of using such a satellite as an inter-technique link resides in the accurate knowledge (or estimation) of the vectors between the satellite's center of mass and the reference points of its different instruments (i. E. Space ties). In this thesis we present the results from multi-technique (GPS+SLR+DORIS) analyses involving the Jason-2 satellite, and we compare them to the results from traditional single-technique analyses. We assess in particular the effect of simultaneously processing the observations of the three techniques with Jason-2 as inter-technique link on the resolution of the GPS phase ambiguities, on the estimation of the GPS and Jason-2 satellite orbits and on the estimation of the ground station positions. Moreover, results of the estimation of the Jason-2 space ties are presented, in order to assess the quality of the presently available values
Vaz, De Almeida Flavio-Guilherm. "Etudes des variations temporelles du champ de pesanteur terrestre à partir des données de la mission GRACE : application au bassin amazonien." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/583/.
Full textThe objective of this work is to analyze the temporal variations of the gravitational field, determined by the space mission Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), and its relationships to the dynamics of water in the Amazon basin area. For this reason, was developed a methodology to estimate the water level in not controlled stocks or difficult to reach floodplains. With this intention, the Stokes coefficients, calculated by the Groupe de Recherche de Geodesie Spatiale (GRGS) Toulouse-FR, were converted into equivalent water height (EWH) for a ~4-year period (July-2002 to May-2006). In this basin, the amplitudes of EWH signal are the largest on Earth and can reach about 1250mm at the center of the basin. Analysis of the uncertainties indicate that it represents ~160 mm of EWH in this basin, including Stokes coefficient uncertainties (~130 mm), leakage errors (12 ~ 21 mm) and spectrum truncation (10 ~ 15 mm). This amplitude was indirectly validated by the comparison between equivalent vertical crustal displacements due to surface water load and the vertical movements of the Manaus GPS permanent monitoring stations, near to the center of the basin. The values of EWH thus obtained were compared with the in-situ water level collected by the Brazilian National Agency of Water (ANA) at 233 ground-based hydrometric stations (HS). Although EWH and HS measure different water bodies, high correlation, up to ~80% in most of the cases, is detected. This high correlation allows adjusting linear relationships between both series for the major tributaries of the Amazon. The regression coefficients decrease from upstream to downstream along the rivers reaching the theoretical value 1 at the mouth of the Amazon in the Atlantic Ocean
Crétaux, Jean-François. "Orbitographie de satellites d'altitudes 500 à 1500 kilomètres à l'aide du système de positionnement global (GPS)." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30164.
Full textRémy, Frédérique. "Etude des calottes polaires par altimétrie satellitaire." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30223.
Full textMelachroinos, Stavros A. "Positionnement géodésique à haute fréquence de réseaux GNSS terrestres et marins." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2007. https://hal.science/tel-02071426.
Full textThe surface deformations of the Earth’s crust and the sea-level variations measured by terrestrial or maritime GNSS networks are a subject that the CNES/GRGS team wanted to investigate thoroughly. In the first part, the main characteristics and differences of four global positioning systems that will constitute the future Global Navigation Satellite System of Systems are presented. In the second part, I concentrate in the definition of the basic geodetic components of GNSS used in positioning. In the third part, GINS scientific software package the basic tool used in this PhD study is presented. Updated modifications implemented for the needs of my research are overseen. Then validations tests of the modifications on the level of precise orbit determination (for GPS and GIOVE-A) and positioning are presented. In the fourth part, the main study of ocean tide loading – OTL in a complex coastal area that of Brittany, in France is presented. The implemented method aims to use a dedicated dense GPS network in order to evaluate/validate the performances of ocean tide models in the region. The impact of OTL on tropospheric parameters, the datum stability used to align the GNSS solution and the aliasing affects on the campaign stations’ time-series of unmodeled vertical displacement are analyzed. In the final and last part, the preliminary results of a GPS kinematic data set designated to cross compare and validate altimetric and oceanographic observations of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current are analyzed
Tahayt, Abdelilah. "Apport des mesures de la géodésie spatiale dans l'étude des déformations tectoniques actuelles dans la Méditerranée occidentale." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/291/.
Full textThe plate boundaries are characterized by important tectonic and seismic activities. The present-day tectonic movements have been evaluated in the Western Mediterranean (Africa–Iberia–Eurasia plate limits) using three satellite techniques : GPS, InSAR (ENVISAT), Optical Imagery (SPOT5). This evaluation concerned different spatio-temporal scales, taking into account geological and geophysical knowledges in the region. The GPS used in one hand to estimate velocity field of deformations in oriental Pyrenees and Morocco with southern part of Iberia, in other hand for calculating coseismic displacements in Al Hoceima region. InSAR and Optical Imagery have been employed in the detailed study on the Al Hoceima earthquake (Mw = 6. 5) of 24 February 2004. At first, we show the potential of each technique in precise quantification of deformation in several cases of tectonic plate limits studied in this work. Then, we consider an approach of combination of the data sets. The last approach allowed us to suggest two new models : (1) A model on the block movements at the regional scale of the Africa–Iberia convergence zone, where we underlined in the Rif individualization of three blocks cinematically distinct ; (2) A model on the source parameters of the earthquake in the local scale of Al Hoceima region, suggesting a rupture with two abating faults. The last model can be integrated in the first one since it concerns a seismogenic limit of individualized blocks
Chupin, Clémence. "Apport des nouveaux systèmes GNSS de cartographie du niveau marin à l’exploitation des données altimétriques en zone côtière : application aux Pertuis Charentais et au Lagon de Nouméa." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS005.
Full textCoastal areas concentrate strong societal, economic and environmental issues. Monitoring and understanding the evolution of sea level in these zones is a key question, specially in the context of global climate change. To better understand the complex coastal dynamics, one needs to link and compare in-situ measurements (especially tide gauge ones) with global observations from altimetry satellites. Thanks to the development of GNSS technologies, it is now possible to design instruments that can map sea level, filling the gap between coastal observations and the satellite pass. This thesis presents an exhaustive study of two of these innovative systems: the CalNaGeo GNSStowed carpet and the Cyclopée system, mounted on the PAMELi autonomous surface vehicle. Through a series of tests, these two instruments have demonstrated their ability to measure sea level with centimetre accuracy. These new in-situ observations offer many perspectives for understanding and assessing the quality of altimetry data approaching the coast. We have analysed the raw altimetry observations and the correction parameters used to derive the water level in two coastal areas: the Pertuis Charentais and the Noumea Lagoon. In Noumea, in-situ data acquired during the GEOCEAN-NC campaign and those from coastal tide gauges were used to reconstruct along time series of sea level at the crossover point of three satellite tracks. By comparing in-situ and satellite data using methods developed at dedicated calibration/validation sites, we were able to reanalyse about twenty years of altimeter observations and re-address the question of relative and absolute sea level in this region
Doerflinger, Erik. "Utilisation de la méthode de positionnement satellitaire GPS pour la détermination précise des altitudes relatives et absolues." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20072.
Full textLuong, Ngoc-Dung. "Analyse d'erreurs de constellations de satellites en termes de positionnement global et d'orbitographie." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4112/document.
Full textThanks to the development of space techniques (GNSS, DORIS, laser and VLBI) geodesy provides amount of information to determine and to study the shape of the Earth (its geometry and its gravity), its rotation and orientation in space at global scales as well as at regional scales. The study of crustal deformations by using GPS, the ocean topography by satellite altimetry, the temporal variations of the gravity field (mass transports) as well as the construction and monitoring of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF), are some examples of the contribution of these techniques to the Earth observation including the current global change. Our work aims to separate causes and consequences. We developed a dedicated approach in which different source of errors, of geometrical and dynamical natures, are treated by analytical expressions. Starting from the dynamical satellite equation of motion, we propose to integrate and propagate the model errors and then to project the results into different measurement functions: altimetry, tracking distances and radial velocities. It results in a complex but comprehensive way that enables the propagation of prediction errors into some general geodetic products as the terrestrial reference frame or the ocean surface topography. The originality of this work lies in the development of a purely analytical method for circular orbits, which has been used to propagate errors from dynamical models. In addition, the resulting orbit errors were projected at the measurement level in order to deduce the impacts on some global geodetic products
Coulot, David. "Télémétrie laser sur satellites et combinaison de techniques géodésiques : contributions aux systèmes de référence terrestres et applications." Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00069016.
Full textNogues, Jean-François. "Identification et localisation spatiale de cibles sous-marines. Apport d'un noyau temps réel à la réalisation d'une instrumentation évolutive." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30115.
Full textBlazquez, Alejandro. "Caractérisation par satellite des échanges d'eau entre l'océan et les continents aux échelles interannuelles à décennales." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30074.
Full textSince 2002, GRACE provides estimates of the transfers of water-mass from land to the ocean. However, these estimates are uncertain as they show discrepancies when different approaches and different parameters are used to process the GRACE data. I revisit the treatment of GRACE data, paying a special attention to the different sources of errors and uncertainties. The main sources of uncertainty in the global water budget, at annual to interannual time scales, are the spread in the geocenter corrections and the uncertainty in the GIA correction. This is particularly true for the ocean mass and glacier and TWS mass change estimates for which the uncertainty in trends for the period from 2005 to 2015 is ±0.33mmSLE/yr
Frappart, Frédéric. "Hydrologie spatiale : développement d'applications pour l'utilisation de la télédétection sur les grands bassins fluviaux." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30013.
Full textRemote sensing can be considered as an important tool for studying the variations of water masses in large river basins due to a homogeneous sampling both in space and time. The objective of this PhD thesis was to develop new hydrological applications using measurements acquired by various types of satellite mission: radar altimetry, satellite imagery, gravimetry from space. Space altimetry is commonly used to study time variations of water level of large rivers, lakes and flooded zones. New hydrological products such as hydrological profiles or river slopes. Levelled limnimetric networks can thus be defined, with gauge stations on the rivers as well as on the flooded zones. Used in combination with imagery from space, satellite altimetry can be used to determine surface water volume variations in large river basins. These parameters are fundamental for hydrologists because hydrological profiles are necessary for hydrodynamic studies and distribution of water volume variations constrains the distribution of water masses between flooded zones and hydrographic network. Examples of use of these techniques are presented for the Amazon and the Mekong basins. In March 2002, a new generation of gravity missions was launched: the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) space mission. The objective of GRACE is to measure spatio-temporal variations of the gravity field with an unprecedented resolution and precision, over time scales ranging from a few months to several years. As gravity is an integral of mass, these spatio-temporal gravity variations represent horizontal mass redistributions only to the extent they are assumed to be caused by surface water changes. On time scales from months to decades, mass redistribution mainly occurs inside the surface fluid envelopes (oceans, atmosphere, ice caps, continental reservoirs) and is related to climate variability. An analysis of the evolution of water and snow mass is presented using the first monthly geoids from the GRACE mission, at global and regional scales, as well as the estimation of evapotranspiration rate at basin scale. These results are compared with surface water volume variations previously obtained for the Mekong basin
Jarrín, Tamayo Paúl. "Cinématique actuelle dans les Andes du Nord par GPS." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS334.pdf.
Full textThe Northern Andes is a continental domain located at the northwestern edge of the South American Plate. This ~2200 km long and 300 to 1000 km wide region defines a natural laboratory for various studies of divers processes, including deformation partitioning, inter-seismic coupling, and continental collision. The oblique and fast convergence of the Nazca plate beneath South America induces (1) elastic deformation induced by spatially variable locking at the subduction interface along the Equatorian-Colombian margin and (2) long-term shear stress, which results in a translation-like motion of the North Andean Sliver (NAS) towards northeast with respect to the South American plate. Furthermore, Nazca plate convergence also produces a diversity of interplate and intraplate seismicity, which has been observed since the 19th century. In the northwestern Andes, eastward collision of the Panama block against the NAS and the Caribbean subduction induce deformation that dominates the kinematics at the northern part of the NAS. Spatial geodesy techniques, in particular GPS/GNSS measurements, make it possible to quantify movements on the earth's surface with millimeter accuracy. The integration of these measurements with elastic models allows us to provide information about the kinematics and the inter-seismic coupling distribution at the subduction interface. This thesis focuses on studying the inter-seismic phase of the seismic cycle with a particular interest in the continental deformation along and within the NAS. The aim is to improve the kinematic models for the Nazca plate and the North Andean Sliver. For that, GPS measurements collected by several research institutes and the Franco-Ecuadorian collaboration (ADN & S5 projects, SVAN International Joint Laboratory), between 1994.0 and 2019.9 are used to derive a new and more refined horizontal velocity field at the continental scale. The analysis and modeling of this velocity field is centered on two main axes allowing to build the first kinematic elastic block model for the NAS and neighboring regions. This model simultaneously solves for rigid block rotations and spatially variable coupling at the subduction interfaces, providing crustal fault slip rates consistent with the derived kinematics. First, we propose a new Euler pole that describes the current motion of the Nazca plate with respect to South America. This pole is estimated from continuous measurements at 5 GPS sites, spatially sampling the entire plate. Our results show that GPS data are compatible with the kinematics of a single rigid plate (wrms = 0.6 mm/yr). Our pole predicts a maximum convergence rate at 65.5 ± 0.8 mm/yr at latitude ~30°S along the Chile trench, decreasing to 50.8 ± 0.7 mm/yr in northern Colombia, and 64.5 ± 0.9 mm/yr in southern Chile. A second-order result for the Nazca plate is that the velocity east component of Robinson Crusoe Island (latitude ~33.6°S) is ~4-5 mm/yr faster than the overall motion of the plate, which is induced by the visco-elastic relaxation following the Maule Mw 8.8 2010 earthquake in Chili. Secondly, our kinematic model for the northern Andes confirms that the Nazca/SOAM and Caribbean/SOAM relative motions are not accommodated inland by a single fault system. We find internal deformation at 2-4 mm/yr accommodated on active secondary faults (the Oca-Ancon, Santa Martha-Bucaramanga, Romeral, and Latacunga-Quito-El Angel faults). These faults bound tectonic blocks and define the rotation of 6 blocks. The NAS eastern boundary is found to be a right-lateral transpressive system accommodating 5 to 17 mm/yr of motion. Our model also quantifies the motion accommodated by the Panama block with respect to the NAS on active structures that we propose as new boundaries for these two continental domains. Relative motions take place at 6 mm/yr along the Uramita fault and 15 mm/yr in the Eastern Panama Deformed Zone. We also note that ~1 cm/yr of the Panama motion is transferred […]
Tarniewicz, Jérôme. "Etude d'une méthode de sondage de la vapeur d'eau dans la troposphère appliquée à la correction de mesures GPS pour l'altimétrie de haute précision." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011934.
Full textDans un premier temps, le système GPS est présenté dans son utilisation géodésique classique; un bilan d'erreur est donné, en insistant particulièrement sur la modélisation du délai troposphérique qui intervient dans les observations GPS. L'erreur de positionnement induite par des hétérogénéités atmosphériques est estimée par simulation simplifiée de la chaîne de traitement GPS d'une ligne de base en double différence. Il en ressort qu'une correction externe des mesures GPS est nécessaire, et que les méthodes de traitement GPS actuelles (correction a priori et estimation de paramètres troposphériques) ne sont pas adaptées à des situations présentant de fortes hétérogénéités dans la distribution de vapeur d'eau atmosphérique.
Dans un second temps, l'étude se focalise sur le mode de la correction des mesures GPS à utiliser. Après une rapide revue des différentes techniques de sondage de la vapeur d'eau troposphérique, les précisions des délais troposphériques humides obtenus à partir d'une mesure résolue en distance sont comparées, par simulation, à celles obtenues à partir d'une mesure intégrée; de ces simulations, il est conclu qu'une mesure résolue (rapport de mélange ou concentration absolue), fournie par un lidar Raman à balayage, permet d'obtenir la précision sub-millimétrique visée sur le délai troposphérique humide.
Le développement instrumental d'un lidar Raman vapeur d'eau à balayage est ensuite abordé. Le principe de la mesure de vapeur d'eau par lidar Raman est présenté, et compte-tenu des configurations instrumentales existantes, des contraintes d'encombrement imposées par la mobilité du système et des performances obtenues par un simulateur développé pour l'occasion, les caractéristiques d'un nouveau système lidar Raman sont présentées. Les premiers résultats expérimentaux obtenus en visée zénithale lors de la campagne ESCOMPTE en 2001 et d'une campagne de mesure à Toulouse au CNRM en 2002 sont présentés, validant ainsi le simulateur instrumental du lidar Raman développé pour le sondage de la vapeur d'eau atmosphérique.
Dans une dernière partie, le bénéfice d'une correction externe des mesures GPS par lidar Raman à balayage est démontré par la simulation numérique. Les observations GPS et les corrections lidar correspondantes sont calculées à partir d'une simulation de l'évolution de la distribution spatiale de la vapeur d'eau effectuée à méso-échelle par le modèle MM5. La simulation concerne une journée d'étude de la campagne IHOP (International H2O Project) pour un cas où la couche limite est très hétérogène. La stratégie d'observation est discutée en fonction de l'erreur obtenue. Il est montré que les erreurs de positionnement sub-millimétriques (environ 10 fois plus faibles que celles obtenues lors d'un traitement GPS classique) peuvent être obtenues sur une période de 24 heures, avec un balayage séquentiel et homogène de la constellation de satellites GPS (5 minutes d'observation par satellite pour des élévations supérieures à 5°).
Lacroix, Pascal. "Apport de l'altimétrie radar spatiale à l'étude de la neige de la calotte polaire Antarctique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00216105.
Full textDepuis 2002 et le lancement de ENVISAT, on dispose d'un altimètre radar qui couvre 80 \% de la calotte polaire Antarctique, dont la particularité est d'acquérir des signaux à deux fréquences différentes (bande S à 3.2 GHz et bande Ku à 13.6 GHz). Ces deux ondes pénètrent dans le manteau neigeux sur plusieurs mètres et ont des sensibilités aux propriétés de la neige différentes. Ainsi, l'idée de cette thèse est d'utiliser cette double information pour retrouver les propriétés du manteau neigeux.
On se propose de résoudre cette problématique par une analyse et une modélisation des signaux altimétriques bi-fréquences sur la calotte polaire, puis par leur inversion. On se penche tout d'abord sur quelques études de cas pour estimer la sensibilité des signaux aux différentes propriétés de la neige: i/ On montre tout d'abord que le signal altimétrique est sensible à la rugosité de la surface à différentes échelles, puis ii/ que le signal altimétrique est sujet à des variations saisonnières causées par la densification de la neige en surface, et enfin iii/ que les ondes radars sont réfléchies par des strates en profondeur.
Un modèle de l'interaction de l'onde avec le manteau neigeux est réalisé simultanément aux deux fréquences, afin de permettre une comparaison de ces signaux entre eux. Les résultats du modèle sont utilisés pour expliquer les variations saisonnières précédemment observées. Finalement, les paramètres du manteau neigeux sont estimés à l'échelle de la calotte polaire antarctique. Les tailles de grains retrouvées présentent un grossissement vers l'intérieur du continent. La densité montre des variations saisonnières de plusieurs g.cm3 notamment sur les côtes antarctiques. Certaines régions présentent un état de surface de la neige particulièrement lisse (Dronning Maud Land, par exemple).
La donnée in situ de l'état de surface de la neige étant quasi inexistante sur les calottes polaires, on développe finalement un protocole de mesure de la rugosité de la neige, qui est testé sur un glacier du Spitzberg.
Biancamaria, Sylvain. "Etude du cycle hydrologique des régions boréales et apport de l'altimétrie à large fauchée." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/765/.
Full textArctic regions will be the most affected by climate change: therefore this work aims at studying the hydrological cycle of these regions. A new methodology to extract snow volume from radiometric data has been validated for the boreal regions and exhibits a different behaviour between snow volume over Eurasia and over North America. Yet, water volume variation is more difficult to estimate from currently available satellite data. That's why the potential of the new SWOT (Surface Water and Ocean Topography) mission, which will provide global water elevation maps, has been investigated. This has been done by implementing a virtual mission. The first step has been to model a Siberian river, the lower Ob, by coupling a land surface scheme and an inundation model. A realist estimation of the river discharge and water heights has been performed by tuning some of the models parameters. Then, SWOT synthetic observations have been assimilated in the modelling using a local Ensemble Kalman Smoother, leading to a significant decrease (more than 50%) of the modelling errors. The benefit of SWOT for all surface waters has also been studied. From in-situ rating curves and SWOT instrumental error, it has been shown that SWOT will provide an estimate of instantaneous river discharge with an error below 30%, if the river depth is above 1m. The error on the monthly discharge due only to the satellite temporal sampling decreases with drainage area, and should be lower than 20% for drainage area above 6,900 km2. Finally, it has been computed that annual volume variation for all the lakes in the world is around 9,000 km3. Currently, less than 15% of this lake storage change can be monitored with nadir altimeters, whereas SWOT will be able to observe from 50% to 65% of this volume variation
Katsigianni, Georgia. "Hybridation multi-GNSS pour le positionnement précis." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30209.
Full textGNSS are widely used for precise positioning applications of geosciences and especially space geodesy. So far, mainly the existing GPS was extensively used for scientific applications. With the arrival of the new European Galileo system it became imperative to include the new system in the studies and check the new capabilities that it will bring as a system alone and as combined together with the others in a Multi-GNSS processing. The CNES/CLS analysis center of the IGS is weekly calculating GNSS (GPS, GLONASS and Galileo) products that can be taken from any kind of user to perform precise positioning. A way to achieve the best accuracy possible is to resolve the unknown integer ambiguities of the phase measurements. Up until now, the CNES/CLS was performing ambiguity resolution to the GPS system using the zero-difference method. In this way they are able to deliver precise satellite orbits and precise clock products with phase fixed ambiguities. The goal of this work was to implement and validate if the method can be also applied for the Galileo system. The method applied from the CNES/CLS is consisting of two further steps. The first one is the resolution of the Wide-Lane ambiguities. The Galileo Wide-Lane satellite biases have been proven to be stable over long periods of time. In addition, there is homogeneity in the way they are observed from different types of receivers. These findings were used and the Wide-Lane biases were successfully resolved with nearly 100% success rate percentage. The second step of zero-difference method is the Narrow-Lane ambiguity resolution. This step was executed for the Galileo system together with the GPS system in a Multi-GNSS Precise Orbit Determination processing. Galileo ambiguity fixing success percentage is around 93%, nearly similar to the one of the GPS system. The integer property of the Galileo phase clocks is demonstrated. Both orbit overlaps and orbit validation using SLR validation methods showed that ambiguity resolution improves mainly in the normal and the along track direction. Galileo orbit overlaps in 3D RMS showed an improvement of around 50%, from around 7 cm to 3.5 cm. The results of this work were used by the CNES/CLS IGS AC that has announced the delivery of weekly Galileo precise orbits, clocks and Wide-Lane satellite biases. A new method is also introduced on how to compare ambiguity resolution results for a common overlapping period. This method is also used to speculate the agreement and the disagreement between two different daily solutions. [...]
Loireau, Maud. "Espaces, ressources, usages : spatialisation des interactions dynamiques entre les systèmes sociaux et les systèmes écologiques au Sahel nigérien." Montpellier 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON30058.
Full textVieira, Getirana Augusto Cesar. "Contributions de l'altimétrie spatiale à la modélisation hydrologique des grand bassins en Amazonie." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/856/.
Full textIncreasing deforestation and climate change are considered as important factors with respect to changes of standards for the Amazon basin water availability. These changes can greatly impact biodiversity and also hydropower production in this region. Moreover, no reliable prevision can be carried out without a proper hydrological monitoring network. This thesis proposes a methodological approach that enables the integration of satellite data, spatial altimetry, in particular, into the large scale hydrological modeling of the Amazon basin. The MGB-IPH hydrological model has been used to simulate the hydrological processes of the Negro River basin, the second biggest tributary of the Amazon River. The main contributions of this study are: i) the proposition of two new treatments in the data pre-processing phase - the first one deals with digital elevation model modifications to improve hydrological information acquisition, while the second one proposes a watershed discretization approach based on mini-basins; ii) a procedure that allows hydrological model output flows to be evaluated taking into account spatial altimetry data; iii) the generation of rating-curves and the estimation of river bed heights and slopes by using modeled streamflow and spatial altimetry; and iv) the investigation of the potential of spatial altimetry data to be integrated into the automatic calibration of distributed hydrological models. The results indicate that spatial altimetry is an important source for generating data that can supply and complement in situ dataset, which, due to its scarcity, inhibits and constrains the adequate modeling of hydrological processes at large basins in Amazonia
Bès, Marie-Pierre. "Innovations et progrès technique : le cas du satellite dans l'industrie spatiale." Toulouse 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU10030.
Full textThe relationship between innovations and technical progress comes under the dynamic analysis of technology, which presents the concepts of irreversibility and institution. In fact, only the major innovations made on generic technology induce a shift of the technical system. The empirical work, about the satellite technologies, allows employing some operative concepts. The learning effects and the conception activities are more realistic than the classic innovation process: invention innovation diffusion. The analysis of the economic theory on the technical progress and the presentation of the satellite production constraints lead to propose two other assumptions first? The dynamic market failures in innovations prevent the firms in competition ton adopt a new generic technology; last, the public institutions play a crucial role in the trigger of technology cycle
Normandeau, Marc. "Le modele ROOM : formalisation de sa sémantique statique et son application au developpement d'un logiciel de poursuite de satellites." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1997.
Find full textLaas-Bourez, Myrtille. "Détection des satellites artificiels dans les images astronomiques : application aux images TAROT." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX11055.
Full textThe dream of humankind to conquer space became reality fifty years ago. After the euphoria of the beginning, one started to measure the environmental consequences of this achievement. Every satellite sent to space inevitably produced debris like booster rocket, fuel tank or fragments from collisions, creating space pollution in turn. Though objects in low earth orbits can get back and eventually burn, thanks to the dragging of the atmosphere, the majority stay in orbit for centuries. Some measures have been enforced to protect the environment and ensure the safety of space missions but we have to improve our knowledge of the debris at all altitudes. Since 2004, the CNES and the CNRS use the TAROT telescopes to observe and study satellites and debris on the geostationary orbit. The main focus of this work is to develop accurate, rapid and robust methods in order to provide near real-time detections and enable systematic surveys of both known and unknown satellites and debris. We worked both on the instrumental aspects and the data processing methods. We first improved the measurement precision calibrating the image datation with an accuracy better than the millisecond. Then we propose methods to enhance greatly the astrometrical restitution. Finally we have developed a new algorithm of source extraction adapted for images where most of the objects (the stars and eventually the debris) are trailed. We present a new method to extract satellites on various orbits from the image data. This work improves the quality of the survey of the geostationary belt. We extend the detection towards lower orbits such as Medium Earth Orbit, Geostationary Transfer orbit or Low Earth Orbit. Our method is based on morphological mathematics. The results obtained in real conditions with TAROT are quite impressive and can be applied to other astronomical images. Finally we have utilized a natural phenomenon that increases drastically the illumination of geostationary satellites. It occurs during the equinoxes, thanks to the peculiar geometrical configuration between the satellite, the observer and the Sun. This provides a means to increase the detectability of small objects on distant orbits
WAUTHIER, LAURENCE. "Utilisation du calcul formel en theorie analytique du mouvement des satellites artificiels." Rennes 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REN10097.
Full textExertier, Pierre. "Orbitographie des satellites artificiels sur de grandes périodes de temps possibilités d'applications /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613431p.
Full textGalligani, Victoria Sol. "La radiométrie micro-onde et millimétrique pour la caractérisation et quantification des nuages de glace et de la neige." Observatoire de Paris, 2014. https://hal.science/tel-02095287.
Full textQuantification of the cloud frozen phase on a global basis is essential to fully capture and quantify the Earth energy budget and hydrological cycle. The estimation of frozen quantities from satellite remote sensing, however, is at a very early stage. The main reason is the complex variability of the cloud frozen phase and the lack of parameterizations of their microphysical properties, and thus radiative properties. This thesis contributes to the development of the ice cloud remote sensing, by providing a better understanding of the sensitivity of microwave and millimeter satellite observations to the microphysical properties of the frozen phase, specifically snow. Current microwave and millimeter observations are interpreted via radiative transfer simulations, mainly for passive observations, but active measurements are also considered. Two main studies are pursued: (1) the analysis and interpretation of specific polarized scattering signatures over ice and snow clouds, and (2) the simulation of realistic passive and active microwave responses over ice and snow clouds, and their evaluation with satellite observations. Polarized observations are carefully analyzed with ancillary data and are interpreted with radiative transfer simulations, including the first polarized passive observations above 100GHz with Megha-Tropiques. Finally, the radiative transfer model is coupled to a meso- scale cloud model to simulate consistently coincident active and passive observations of real scenes, and assess the sensitivity of active and passive simulations to the different microphysical parameters
Lavina, Frédérique. "Risques et responsabilités dans la mise en place et l'exploitation d'une constellation de satellites : le cas Galiléo." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10060.
Full textRouzeau, Olivier. "Problématique de la transposition des modèles de distribution de température dans le sol aux interprétations issues de la télédétection thermique spatiale : application au Bassin de Paris /." Orléans : Ed. du BRGM, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35527684j.
Full textJulien, Yves Rodriguez Sobrino José Antonio Nerry Françoise. "Vegetation monitoring through retrieval of NDVI and LST time series from historical databases." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/1021/01/JULIEN_Yves_2008.pdf.
Full textThèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux. Thèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. 34 p.
Bazard, Jean-Pierre. "Le régime juridique de la télévision par satellites." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT3010.
Full textBoutonnet, Arnaud. "Déploiement optimal contraint et robuste de satellites volant en formation invariante." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ESAE0021.
Full textHamen, Pierre. "Les communications par satellites : éléments et perspectives en droit international." Strasbourg 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR30012.
Full textAfter having been modeled on the frequency spectrum which garantees the rights of the first occupant, the international legal regime of space communications tends, today, towards the adoption of a regulation which also takes into account the geostationary satellite orbit to which the notion of common heritage of mankind has been applied. In order to maintain the dynamic character of the uses of outer space, it seems necessary to prefer the enforcement of the notion of equitable access to the orbit spectrum resource to that of equal rights of states. Therefore, communications via satellite are a unique attempt in international law to reconcile the principles of common heritage of mankind and free enterprise. This objective must unable to reserve rights to those countries which have not yet used space communications as well as to allow the implementation of the expertise of the most advanced countries
Maubant, Louise. "Séismes lents et variations du couplage intersismique : le cas de la subduction Mexicaine vue par géodésie spatiale." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALU026.
Full textOver the last 20 years, the increasing number of transient deformation observations taking place during the seismic cycle has raised the question of their impact in estimating seismic hazard. Thus, in subduction zones, the role of slow slip events on spatial and temporal inter-seismic coupling variability and on the existence of seismic gaps is a matter of primary importance. We approached this problem by analyzing new geodetic observations and numerical modeling, focusing on the case of Mexican subduction. This area is a relevant target to study these issues thanks to the presence of slow slip events, which are among the largest observed in the world. The geometry of this subduction zone is also very favorable for geodetic measurements. The first part of this thesis is devoted to the study of the slow slip event of 2017-2018, which lasted several months in the Guerrero region. To achieve this, new observations have been made using satellite radar interferometry (InSAR) from Sentinel-1 data, in combination with data from the permanent GPS network. InSAR data have significantly improved the coverage and spatial resolution of ground deformation measurements compared to previous studies. The data acquisition frequency is between 6 and 12 days. Methodological developments were necessary to allow the extraction of tectonic signals included in the InSAR time series, due to the large extent of the study area, its strong topographic gradients, and the strong atmospheric perturbations that polluted the signal. Two source separation methods were used. The first approach consists of a parametric decomposition: the deformation signals' functional shapes are imposed, and the atmospheric signal is described using time series of zenithal tropospheric delays extracted from GPS as a constraint. The second approach uses Independent Component Analysis (ICA) of the InSAR time series, which does not require any a priori on the desired signal. Both methods provide consistent results and allow separating the atmospheric signal from the tectonic signal without prior corrections. Using time-series displacement maps validated by GPS measurements, the slow slip event on the subduction interface is inverted. The slip's spatial distribution is consistent with that of previous events and confirms a localization at the edge of the seismic zone. These observations also confirm the influence of distant earthquakes on this type of event's kinematics.The second part of this study analyzes the interseismic deformations in an area covering about 1000 km of the Mexican subduction from Jalisco to Oaxaca using InSAR and GPS measurements. Lateral coupling variations along the subduction between 2016 and 2019 are determined for the first time homogeneously over this zone. Between Michoacan and Jalisco, where large earthquakes took place, we find a zone with strong coupling. The analysis demonstrates the importance of transient signals such as slow slip events over a few years on the variability of the coupling measured by spatial geodesy. The last part of this thesis addresses this problem using numerical modeling of the seismic cycle along a 3D fault plane, based on "rate and state" type friction laws. This modeling allows us to reproduce specific characteristics of Mexican subduction and place the 20 years of geodetic observations at the scale of several seismic cycles. The preliminary results provide interesting insights into the possibility that an earthquake could occur in the Guerrero seismic gap and the role of slow slip events on the weak coupling observed in this region
Cances, Jean-Pierre. "Adaptativité d'une charge utile de télécommunication multifaisceaux par reconfiguration de couverture /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35737325r.
Full textPéret, Laurent Garcia Frédérick. "Recherche en ligne pour les Processus Décisionnels de Markov." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000039.
Full textKhan, Muhammad Murtaza. "Fusion d'images multispectrale, hyperspectrale et panchromatique de résolutions spatiales différentes et évaluation de la qualité en télédétection satellitaire." Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0090.
Full textFusion or Pansharpening improves the spatial quality of Multispectral satellite images by making use of details present in a high resolution Panchromatic image. The different nature of Panchromatic and Multispectral sensors requires that the details are added using a detail injection model. Most of the available detail injection model parameters are estimated at degraded resolution and then interpolated for use at the higher resolution. In this work we have presented a detail injection model which estimates the detail injection parameters directly at the desired higher resolution. The model optimizes the ”Quality Not Requiring a Reference index”. The proposed method is then extended for pansharpening of Hyperspectral images. Finally, a quality assessment index, not requiring a high resolution reference, is proposed for determining the quality of pansharpened images at full resolution. The novelty of the method lies in the use of sensors ”Modulation Transfer Function” filters for separating the low and high frequency information for determining the spectral and spatial distortions, respectively
Jardak, Nabil. "Localisation en zones de non-couverture des systèmes de radionavigation par satellites à base de répéteurs GNSS." Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TELE0027.
Full textThe indoor localisation systems are increasingly needed in supporting future Location Based Services (LBS). This thesis deals with the indoor positioning system based on GNSS repeaters. This system is based on the use of four repeaters which transmit the GNSS signals collected by an outdoor antenna indoors, in a time multiplexing mode. The positioning is based on the code phase jumps produced at the instant of the signal transition between two repeaters. This phase jumps mainly suffer from two error sources: thermal noise and multipath. Therefore, this thesis develops theoretical aspects of the system of repeaters and proposes innovative techniques to reduce the effect of the error sources on the phase jumps. The open loop technique was proposed to reduce the effect of thermal noise on the phase jumps based on the statistical properties of the noise. It implements an open code loop aided by the phase loop. Practical results showed a significant improvement in the phase jump measurement quality. The SMICL (Short Multipath Insensitive Code Loop) technique implements a code loop discriminator insensitive to multipath having relative delays lower than 0. 5 chip, typical of indoor environments. It dramatically improves the code phase measurements in the presence of multipath (maximum error between 1 and 2 m). Another multipath mitigation technique, the MIDLL (Multipath insensitive delay lock loop), is presented. The MIDLL is based on the fact that the code discriminator has an invariant point when it is suitably normalized. This technique outperforms the existing multipath mitigation techniques both in terms of simplicity of implementation in current receivers and precision (maximum error between 1 and 2 m, too). The SxPRCT (Subcarrier x PRN Reference Code Technique) filters medium and long multipaths by using a reference replica which is the product between the PRN code and a square subcarrier. The SxPRCT yields excellent results. The MIDLL and the SxPRCT were developed for the outdoor positioning using the GPS, as is the case of the SMICL but to a lesser extent. These techniques were adapted to the case of the system of repeaters. Moreover, the MIDLL has successfully been applied to the Galileo open service codes on E1. These techniques allow the repeaters based system to reach its theoretical accuracy namely indoor positioning in the range 2 meters
Desbiens, Jean-Marc. "Développement de composants d'un logiciel client-serveur pour la poursuite de satellites." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1998.
Find full textDesjardins, Camille. "Modélisation de la propagation troposphérique des signaux de systèmes de positionnement par satellites : un tour d'horizon." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2633/.
Full textThe electromagnetic signals emitted by satellite positioning systems, travel, in vacuum, at the ligth speed in a straight line but their propagation is modified through the neutral atmosphere by temporal and spatial changes of density, composition and refractivity of this part of atmosphere. These waves are slowed down and their trajectory is bent. This thesis models the tropospheric propagation by the ray-tracing technique through the assimilations of the European Meteorological Centre (ECMWF) for geodetic needs. The objective is achieved by modeling the propagation of the spatial variability using the three-dimensional information of pressure, temperature, water vapor, ice and liquid water, and maintaining the delays obtained in a functional named AMF, parametrized by few tens of coefficients. The sub-centimetre performances of AMF are demonstrated by the repetitivity of sites' positions and GPS orbits
Barotto, Béatrice. "Introduction de paramètres stochastiques pour améliorer l'estimation des trajectoires d'un système dynamique par une méthode de moindres carrés : application à la détermination de l'orbite d'un satellite avec une précision centimétrique." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30196.
Full textChamignon, Christel. "Evaluation comparée des satellites à haute résolution spatiale en zone de moyenne et haute montagne méditerranéenne (données TM de LANDSATt 4 et HRV de SPOT 1)." Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX30056.
Full textLion, Guillaume. "Dynamique des orbites fortement elliptiques." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2013. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01212844.
Full textThe methods for developing theories always use another type of approximation. Indeed, the explicit time dependence of the Hamiltonian is neglected for solving the partial differential equations that give the generator of the change of variables. This PhD thesis is devoted to propose several tools to overcome these limitations. Firstly, we expand the third-body disturbing function using Fourier series in multiples of the satellite's eccentric anomaly (instead of the mean anomaly). We then perform a normalization to expanded Hamiltonoan, which aims to eliminate all periodic terms. To this end, we apply a change of canonical variables based on time-dependent Lie transforms. The construction of the generating function of the change of variables requires solving a partial differential equations (PDE) with respect to the angular variables of the third body and the satellite. To our knowledge the PDE has no exact solution. An approximation is usually done at this step to solve it by neglected the terms related to the third body. We show how this approximation can be avoided by providing an interative method for solving the PDE. This amounts to carrying out a power series expansion of a small ratio of frequencies <<1. In addition, for overall consistency of the theory we had to modify the classifical solution of the central potential, especially the J₂effect. Finally we get a theory which allows to extrapolate the osculating motion (not just the mean motion) over long periods (many decades) efficiently and very high accuracy even for highly eccentric orbits (e > 0. 8). Moreover, since the traditional numerical integration methods are not very effective for highly elliptical orbits, even with adaptive variable-step size, we show the benefits of the so-called geometric integrators, especially the variational integrators. To this end, we present a high-order numerical scheme and we test its performance
Steichen, Daniel. "Étude des orbites de satellites artificiels autour de la Lune à l'aide d'une méthode de moyennisation." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 1994. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01958571.
Full textBonnefond, Pascal. "Méthode géométrique de trajectographie par arcs courts : application à l'analyse des mesures altimétriques des satellites Topex/Poseidon et ERS-1 en Méditerranée." Observatoire de Paris, 1994. https://hal.science/tel-02095267.
Full textThomas, Claire. "Fusion d'images des résolutions spatiales différentes." Paris, ENMP, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENMP1399.
Full textSpace-borne sensors such as SPOT, Ikonos or Quickbird, provide images with different characteristics : on one hand, images with high spectral resolution but low spatial resolutions, and on the other hand, images with high spatial resolution combined to low spectral resolution. This work deals with the synthesis of multispectral images at high spatial resolution by the mean of image fusion. Weak approaches to quality assessment were found in literature. Accordingly, we design a protocol for quality assessment based on two previous relevant works. An empirical survey about the changes in quality budget within scales completes the description of the protocol. We propose a categorization of distances found in literature, and add a new distance for geometrical quality assessment, based on the Modulation Transfer Function. It was validated on Ikonos actual imagery and synthesized images obtained by well-known fusion methods. The selection of a group of distances to form quality budgets is discussed in order to obtain a complete overview of the quality reached by fused products. Once the necessary tools of quality assessment built, we focused on the development of new fusion methods. We have chosen the ARSIS concept as framework because of the good quality budgets attained by its different implementations. However, the visual quality of the resulting images is often criticized. A campaign for the assessment of the visual quality of several ARSIS fused products resulted into the identification, the classification and the explanation of several artefacts. This critical study formed the basis for the development of three new methods. They were tested during a second campaign of experimentation. One of the new methods offers better results than that chosen as reference. The image analysts of this second campaign stated that this method was acceptable and recommendable for an operational exploitation within the minister of defence
Carrère, Guy. "Radiodiffusion numérique sonore par satellite : une nouvelle approche /." Paris : Ecole nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35707864d.
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