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1

Mrinal, Kanti Das. "Women Education in Bengal: A case study of Women's rights and growth of personal law." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 3, no. 12 (2018): 978–82. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2532740.

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The present study is an attempt to explore the question of Women’s rights and growth of personal laws in Bengal. The most important think of this article are transformation of power, traditional rights under British rule and remoulding of Hindu and Muslim family laws of women in Bengal.
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2

Kausar Parveen and Dr. Shafiq Anjum. "Gender Concepts In The Novels of Nazar Sajjad In The Context Of Feminist Reform." Dareecha-e-Tahqeeq 4, no. 2 (2023): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.58760/dareechaetahqeeq.v4i2.126.

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Thousands of years ago, system “Madr sari” system was prevalent. Women used to live independent life. Modern agricultural system introduced “Padar.shahi” system which changed the whole situation and women became subjugated and negligible, which placed them in defiance of the historical powder and dominance under the British Rule women were granted some of basic rights giving rise to their recognition in the society. The authors including female writers presented women as a subject of their novels. One of the female writers of that era is Nazar Sajjad Haider who presented the concept of modern
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3

Ayub, Sheikh J., and Asif R. Raina. "Status of Woman in Ancient India: A Comparative Study of North Indian Society and Kashmir." Journal of South Asian Studies 6, no. 3 (2018): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/jsas.006.03.2544.

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There is no doubt in saying that ancient Indian society was predominantly patriarchal in nature. The woman lived in an awful state and was lumped with shudras. The most inhuman practice was that of Sati which had gained social acceptance across the length and breadth of the society. But unlike the ancient Indian society, the society of Kashmir was almost free from all these elements which all time remained the core issues of Indian society. Sati system in India continued till British rule while as one finds just some literary references regarding sati in Kashmir. Even both the societies were r
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4

Nagabhushana, B. "Education System Under British Rule in Andhra." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 10, no. 6 (2025): 272–76. https://doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2025.v10.n6.029.

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When the English East India Company took control of Indian territories, it initially preserved the traditional religious education systems of Hindus and Muslims. Pathshalas taught Sanskrit to Hindus, and mosques served as educational hubs for Muslims. By 1823, the Andhra region came under British rule, continuing with traditional education before reforms were introduced. Colonel Colin Mackenzie and C.P. Brown made notable contributions to Andhra’s history and Telugu literature, respectively. Under Governor Sir Thomas Munro (1822–27), Hindu and Muslim schools were established in each district.
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5

Srikrishna, B. N. "The Indian Legal System." International Journal of Legal Information 36, no. 2 (2008): 242–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500003024.

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The legal system in India follows the common law model prevalent in the countries which were at one time under British Rule or were part of the British Commonwealth. The jurisprudence followed in India is almost the same as the one prevalent in England, though it has been cross-fertilized by typical Indian values.
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6

Meena, Ramjeelal. "Role of women in Indian independence movement." RESEARCH HUB International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 10, no. 6 (2023): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53573/rhimrj.2023.v10n06.004.

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During British rule in India, the British repeatedly claimed their aim was to establish a prosperous, welfare-driven state and modernize the nation by eradicating social issues. However, their true objective was to exploit India's economy to strengthen their capitalist system. Amid this era, social reformers, influenced by British education and Western ideas, focused on women's conditions. Noteworthy figures like Raja Rammohan Roy, Dayanand Saraswati, Ishwarchand Vidyasagar, Ramakrishna Paramhans, Keshavchandra, and Mahadev Govind Ranade sought women's emancipation. As many reformers were uppe
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7

Prof. Girish Kumar Singh and Chetna Rana. "Swami Dayanand Saraswati – A Pioneer of Social Harmony." Integral Research 1, no. 8 (2024): 212–17. https://doi.org/10.57067/ir.v1.i8.335.

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Swami Dayanand Saraswati, a key thinker and social reformer of the Indian freedom struggle, was a leading force of the Indian renaissance. He raised awareness among people on significant issues related to religion, education, and social reform, and worked towards eliminating superstition and disorder prevalent in society to promote social harmony. Through his rational interpretations of the Vedas, Swami Ji emphasized critical issues such as child marriage, the practice of Sati, casteism, untouchability, and the education of women. The establishment of the Arya Samaj was a major step taken by h
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8

Dr, Sumanta Bhattacharya, and Kaur Sachdev Bhavneet. "Impactful role of women for freedom struggle in India and their contribution." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 12, no. 3 (2021): 124–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5804815.

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The untold, unheard and unseen facts of the struggle for an Independent India. The role of Indian women freedom fighters in the journey of freedom struggle. Everyone speaks about the prominent role played by the male freedom fighter. However, without female freedom fighters achieving Independent India would remain a dream. From being considered as second citizens, being victims of domestic violence, uneducated population, practising sati system to transforming themselves into great freedom fighter leaders has remained unknown to a lot of people. Indian women have played an impactful role in th
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9

Dr. Ranjit Kumar Meena. "Rebellion of Tribe Koya, Rampa or Manyam." Knowledgeable Research: A Multidisciplinary Journal 1, no. 08 (2023): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.57067/pprt.2023.1.08.36-45.

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The film, based on the story of South Indian cinema superstars Ram Charan and Junior NTR's film 'RRR', can be seen in the film based on the story of the British rule. It is being told that the film is based on the story of the life and rebellion of two revolutionaries Alluri Sitaram Raju and Komaram Bhima. In fact, during the British rule, the main focus of the British was to exploit the resources here. In this sequence, the Madras Forest Act of 1882 was introduced to exploit the forest resources and land here. With the help of this law, local forest dwellers were banned from using their own r
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10

JOHN MAKGALA, CHRISTIAN. "TAXATION IN THE TRIBAL AREAS OF THE BECHUANALAND PROTECTORATE, 1899–1957." Journal of African History 45, no. 2 (2004): 279–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853703008697.

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This essay examines, through taxation, the relationship between British colonial administrators, Tswana Dikgosi (chiefs) and their subjects in the Bechuanaland Protectorate from 1899 to 1957. It argues that since Bechuanaland became a British territory through negotiations the Tswana rulers were able to protect their interests aggressively but with little risk of being deposed. Moreover, the Tswana succession system by primogeniture worked to their advantage whenever the British sought to replace them. Taxation was one arena where this was demonstrated. Although consultation between the Dikgos
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11

Shuaibi, Zaeem Nasser Al. "Analyzing the British Judicial System: Ensuring Rights of the Accused During Investigation." International Journal of Religion 5, no. 11 (2024): 8783–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.61707/ps144w76.

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This paper investigates the historical development of the British judicial system and its compatibility with the safeguards provided to the accused under the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). This study emphasizes the critical milestones and reforms that have influenced contemporary British jurisprudence by tracing the evolution of legal principles and institutions from medieval England to the modern era. Special emphasis is placed on the procedural safeguards and rights that are enshrined in the ECHR, with a focus on their implementation and impact within the British legal context.
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12

Kumari, Sangeeta. "Contextualising Colonial Education from a Historiographical Perspective in the Nineteenth Century: Institutions and Policies." History and Sociology of South Asia 15, no. 1-2 (2021): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/22308075221077717.

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India was colonised by the British and was under the British rule for almost 200 years. During the British rule the shape of India changed and almost all aspects of life was affected. In this historical context that the paper is trying to locate the educational changes brought about not only by the British government but also by the philanthropists, missionaries in Delhi. The policies were changed to suit the needs of the colonial state and how the different sections of the society responded to those changes and apart from government run educational institutions many other institutions were se
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13

Agrata, Swamy. "Manifestation of thoughts with History and Literature in the Indian Knowledge System." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH 9, no. 8 (2024): 315–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13335375.

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A brief introduction about the advent of English language and British literature in India by establishment of Empire rule and the way it has condemned the Indian languages and literature. This paper pays an attention to make changes for the shifting of British literature to Indian literature under the domain of Indian Knowledge System to make Indian literature more Indian in nature by inculcating Indian literary text such as retelling of mythologies with modernity, postcolonial literature, theories etc. of renowned Indian authors. It will trace the relevancy of Indian Knowledge System in the c
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14

Bhabhor, Rajeshkumar. "Gujarat and 1857 (With reference to Dahod." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 7, no. 1 (2022): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2022.v07.i01.017.

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British rule was established in Gujarat in 1818. After that, one territory after another gradually came under British rule. By 1861, the whole of Gujarat came under the monopoly of British power. Throughout the process of administrative transfer, the British regime faced many obstacles, big and small. In which the British rule had to face the most obstacles from the tribes. There were economic, religious and social reasons behind it. After the establishment of British rule, the tribes of Gujarat came up with new administrative and political structures. The tribes became more and more entangled
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15

Price, Pamela G. "Ideology and Ethnicity under British Imperial Rule: ‘Brahmans’, Lawyers and Kin-Caste Rules in Madras Presidency." Modern Asian Studies 23, no. 1 (1989): 151–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00011446.

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Consolidated imperial rule tends to alter the relationships among indigenous elites. Some elite groups may adjust to the new regime by joining it or otherwise becoming collaborators in rule. Others may see a marked deterioration in their former ruling status and honor. Groups which cooperated politically during the pre-colonial period may experience new tensions and enter into relationships of a more adversary nature. It is sometimes difficult for observers of social and political change to see clearly the nature of the new conflicts among elites and the directions of cleavage. For this reason
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16

Thibault, MOURI Constantin, and SOCPA Antoine. "Conspiracies of Skills Transfer and Local Development in Cameroon: A Social Reality in Question." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, no. VII (2024): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.807006.

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Debates on the transfer of powers from central to local government are raging in Cameroon. Historically, since 1884, when Cameroon was under German protectorate. The transfer of power was a reality, notably through the division of the country into administrative districts. Following the German defeat at the end of the First World War in 1916, Cameroon was placed under a Franco-British mandate under the coordination of the League of Nations (SDN). In the British region of Cameroon, particularly in North-West and South-West regions, the administrative system was based on the principle of “indire
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17

Merve, Uysal. "English Language Policy in Cyprus under the British Empire Period and it is Impact on Current Sustainable Education Policies." International Journal of Social Science and Human Research 07, no. 05 (2024): 3212–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11245285.

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In this research, the foreign language education policy of Cyprus, which was under British rule between 1878 and 1960, with a special reference to the English Language and its reflection on the present day were examined. The study on the period in question is based on a qualitative analysis of British archival documents and domestic sources. As the history of Cyprus, it is still possible to see especially traces of the education policy formulated by the British who ruled the island in the 19th and 20th centuries. In the early years, relatively minor attempts at colonialism were made compared t
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18

Shanmugavelu, Ganesan, Khairi Ariffin, Nadarajan Thambu, and Zulkufli Mahayudin. "Development of British Colonial Education in Malaya, 1816 - 1957." Shanlax International Journal of Education 8, no. 2 (2020): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/education.v8i2.2072.

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The aim of this study is to discuss the development of education during the British Colonial rule in Malaya. The scope of this study is focussed on four school systems under British colonialists, namely the Malay Vernacular School, Chinese Vernacular School, Tamil Vernacular School, and English Schools and its implications to the society and nation. The introduction of these four school systems is aimed at the economic and political interests of the British in Malaya. The Colonial Education System does not have a National Education Policy and brings many implications to the society and nation.
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19

TRAVERS, T. R. "‘The Real Value of the Lands’: The Nawabs, the British and the Land Tax in Eighteenth-Century Bengal." Modern Asian Studies 38, no. 3 (2004): 517–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x03001148.

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Ever since the late eighteenth century, no subject has been more prominent in histories of ‘the transition to colonialism’ in south Asia, than the issue of taxation. In particular, the complex system of agrarian taxation that was developed under the Mughal empire, and further elaborated by various post-Mughal regimes, has often been seen as the defining institution of both the pre-colonial and colonial states. What the British called ‘land revenues’, which included taxes on land proper (mal) and taxes on trade and markets (sair), were the main source of income for both Indian and British ruler
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20

Islahuddin, Muhammad, and Dr Lutfullah Saqib. "Development of Judicial System in the Subcontinent under the East India Company and Its Existence in the Present Legal System of Pakistan (A Realistic Historical Jurisprudential Approach)." Journal of Law & Social Studies 5, no. 4 (2023): 722–28. https://doi.org/10.52279/jlss.05.04.722728.

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This study will conduct an investigation on the development of judicial system under East India Company (EIC) in the Indian Sub-continent. The Foundation of the Muslim rule in sub-continent was laid down by Qutb al-Din in 1206AD; it lasted until 1857AD and ended with the demise of Mughal Empire. Since the dawn of EIC in the Sub-continent started with a charter in 1600 AD issued by Queen Elizabeth, this research uncovers judicial powers of EIC, till Warren Hasting's judicial plan 1780 by analyzing its development over the course of history. This study will also give a brief account of how recor
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21

Sanyal, Sneha. "Complex Alliance: Nursing and Public Health in Colonial Bengal." Studies in People’s History 12, no. 1 (2025): 66–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/23484489251321674.

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Medicine and public health cannot be understood without considering the role of nurses, both as professionals and as working women. In India, unlike other countries, nurses have suffered an exceptional degree of neglect at the hands of the state (as well as medical professionals). This situation has been detrimental to the quality of both rural and urban health care. The present article examines the reasons why nurses have so consistently been marginalised and excluded from the public health system and policymaking. It questions the general assumption that nursing’s poor status is mainly due t
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22

McKay, Alex, and Dorji Wangchuk. "Traditional Medicine in Bhutan." Asian Medicine 1, no. 1 (2005): 204–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157342105777996737.

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The Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan is an independent state situated between China and India. It emerged as a unified polity in the early 17th century under the rule of an exiled Tibetan religious leader and much of its elite culture, including its medical traditions, were brought from Tibet during this period. The Bhutanese Traditional Medical system subsequently evolved distinct characteristics that enable it to be viewed as a separate part of the Himalayan tradition of Sowa Rigpa (̒the science of healing̓), which includes what is now known as Tibetan Medicine. After coming under the influence o
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23

Karpov, Grigory. "The role and place of Indian diaspora in the colonial Kenya." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 11 (November 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2021.11.36732.

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This article examines the role of Indian diaspora in Kenya under colonial rule of the British Empire. Detailed analysis is conducted on the key prerequisites for migration from British India to East Africa, population dynamics and ethno-religious composition of South Asian communities. The author reviews the impact of migrants from South Asia upon the economy, politics, demographics, and healthcare of Kenyan society. Emphasis is place on examination of the contribution of Indian workers to the construction of railways and establishment of the local law enforcement system. Special attention is
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24

Quinn, Thomas. "Third-Party Strategy under Plurality Rule: The British Liberal Democrats and the New Zealand Social Credit Party." Political Studies 65, no. 3 (2017): 740–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032321716677991.

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This article examines the strategic options facing small centrist third parties in two-party parliamentary systems operating under the single-member district plurality electoral system. It uses a spatial model to show that centrist third parties are better off targeting the ‘safe’ districts of a major party rather than marginal districts. Furthermore, it is optimal to target one party’s districts, not both, to benefit from tactical and protest voting. This article also questions the implicit conclusion of the median-legislator theorem that pivotality-seeking is the best strategy for a third pa
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25

Haron, Nadzan. "Colonial Defence and British Approach to the Problems in Malaya 1874–1918." Modern Asian Studies 24, no. 2 (1990): 275–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00010325.

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Colonial regimes have frequently shown a preference for sharing the burdens of defence with certain ethnic groups of the countries under their control. The advantages of a policy of this type—the essence of the divide and rule system—were many and varied. Binding natives to the service of colonial defence solved the functional problems of manpower in situations where no adequate corps of white regulars was readily available. The practice was cheaper to maintain and found to be an effective instrument of control. Its employment also drew off warlike elements that might have made trouble.
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26

Husein Kavazović. "Anglo-Muhammadan Law in British India: Historical-legal Aspect." Anali Gazi Husrev-Begove biblioteke 28, no. 42 (2021): 57–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.51719/25663267.2021.28.42.57.

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Over the course of its development, Sharia law, like other legal systems, has gone through periods of rise and stagnation. These processes were closely related to the development of society and the state, their highs and lows. Although it was based on the universal Islamic principles that represented its foundation, the building of Sharia law was built with various elements of an interpretative character from primary and secondary sources. Sharia law did not operate in isolation from other legal systems it encountered, came into contact with and co-operated with. This paper aims at pointing to
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27

Akhter, Sajjad, and Asma Sikandar. "Urbanization in Punjab due to the Establishment of the Canal Colonies." Global Anthropological Studies Review I, no. I (2018): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gasr.2018(i-i).02.

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The study determined the object to explore the dynamics of change, occurred due to the establishment of canal irrigation under colonial administration. The research work has suggested the shift in patterns of agriculture under the scheme of settlement along with a new irrigation system. The additional trade pattern was based upon the exchange of raw material with the finished goods from abroad, particularly from the United Kingdom, which also drove the new phase of social development in the lives of the people of this region. In the Canal Colonies in British Punjab, the British government trie
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28

Ahmad Awan, Mabqool. "An Evaluating Perusal of Punjab’s Role in the Paradigm of Pakistan Movement." Journal of Policy Research 10, no. 2 (2024): 679–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.61506/02.00285.

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This study attempts to comprehend the role of the Punjab Province in the Pakistan Movement from the annexation of the Punjab 1849 to the partition of India 1947. The Colonial Punjab was the largest province of the subcontinent before the Indian partition. Being situated in the north-west of India, it has been a gateway to the subcontinent for foreign invaders. The Punjab suffered many invasions by the external powers in different times. In fact, the fertile lands of the Punjab always provided lucrative temptation to the assailants. Thus, the geographical position made Punjabis the sturdy and e
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29

Houben, V. J. H. "VII. Native States in India and Indonesia: the Nineteenth Century." Itinerario 11, no. 1 (1987): 107–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300009414.

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Beneath the surface of apparent unity of the colonial empires of Britain and Holland in India and Indonesia, there existed a wide variety of relations between the Western power on the one hand and indigenous political structures on the other. A colonial power could control its territorial possessions in several ways, usually classified in terms of either direct or indirect rule. Furnivall, in his famous comparative study of British Burma and the Netherlands East Indies, saw Burma as a ‘typical example’ of direct rule and Java as exemplary of fhe system of indirect rule. In the same work the au
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30

Purba, Jesika Indah Sari, Desta Riani Br Perangin-angin, Santa Hoky Br Sembiring, and Rosmaida Sinaga. "Impact of British Colonial Economic Policies on Indonesia’s Trade and Agricultural Systems in the Early 19th Century." Warisan: Journal of History and Cultural Heritage 5, no. 3 (2025): 223–29. https://doi.org/10.34007/warisan.v5i3.2392.

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The British colonial administration in the early 19th century profoundly reshaped Indonesia’s trade and agricultural systems. This study examines the economic policies introduced under British rule, particularly during Sir Stamford Raffles’ administration, and their impact on Indonesia’s economic transformation. It focuses on key reforms implemented during the British occupation of Java (1811–1816), including changes to trade routes and agricultural policies. The central inquiry explores how these policies influenced local commerce and agricultural practices, with an emphasis on the introducti
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31

Lai, Yan-Ho. "Lady Justice or the golden calf? The “China factor” in Hong Kong’s legal system." Social Transformations in Chinese Societies 15, no. 2 (2019): 178–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/stics-01-2019-0005.

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Purpose Despite the preservation of “One Country, Two Systems” for 50 years under the Sino-British Joint Declaration and Basic Law, changes are palpable due to the emergence of a real contest between liberal and pro-China actors in the legal profession and the legal environment in Hong Kong. After celebrating the twentieth anniversary of Hong Kong’s sovereignty transfer from Britain to China, it is valuable to study how the sovereign power influence the rule of law in its semiautonomous city by non-legal measures. This paper aims to offer a preliminary research on China’s political economic st
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Abdul, Qayyum, Saleem Atif, and Shezad Khurram. "Impact of Colonial Rule on Todays Educational System of Pakistan." International Journal of Business, Economics and Management Works 2, no. 9 (2015): 51–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.32810.

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The British ruledIndia for more than 150 years. They came as separate entity with different religion, language, culture, style of politics and economic system. They colonize India for financial benefits. They institutionalized the systems more efficiently. Their focus was more on to facilitate their own rule than to work for the social welfare of the natives. They came to India as traders, however within short span of time they realized the weaknesses in then system of governance and planned to capture India. Local segments joined them to weakening the cohesive forces and asthey succeeded in c
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Kim, Kyung Su, Ki Sung Kim, Kyung Ho Lee, Jung Min Kwon, Seong Mo Park, and Nak Hoon Lee. "Effect of Local Strain on Low Cycle Fatigue Measured by ESPI System." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 678–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.678.

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Low cycle fatigue cracks are mainly detected at discontinuous welded locations with high stresses under repeated cyclic static loads due to cargo loading and unloading. Theoretical and analytical methods have been used to estimate the local stress and strain, which affect the prediction of fatigue life, but these methods have difficulties considering stress concentration at notched locations and complicated material behavior of welded joints or heat affected zones. Electronic speckle pattern interferometry(ESPI) system is a nondestructive and non-contact measurement system, which can provide r
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34

Kunkel, Sarah. "Forced Labour, Roads, and Chiefs: The Implementation of the ILO Forced Labour Convention in the Gold Coast." International Review of Social History 63, no. 3 (2018): 449–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859018000524.

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AbstractThis article analyses the implications of the Forced Labour Convention of 1930 on colonial labour policies for road labour carried out under chiefs in the Gold Coast. The British colonial administration implemented a legal application of the convention that allowed the continuation of the existing system of public works. In the Gold Coast, the issue of road labour was most prominent in the North, where chiefs maintained the majority of roads. Indirect rule became crucial in retaining forced labour in compliance with the convention. This article focuses on “hidden strategies” of British
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35

Le Roux, Cheryl S. "Schooling in the early Orange Free State: Inception to Union, 1836 to 1910." New Contree 76 (November 30, 2016): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/nc.v76i0.134.

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Schooling is generally affected by prevailing social, political and ideological trends. In this article, the provision of schooling for European children, mainly of Dutch Voortrekker descent, is examined through the years of settlement in the mid-1830s to the time of South Africa becoming a Union in 1910. This era spans four distinctive political periods, namely, the Voortrekker period and the Orange River Sovereignty under British rule (1836-1854), the independent Orange Free State Republic (1854-1900), the period of the Anglo-Boer War (also referred to as the South African War) when the regi
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Achbari, A., and F. van Lunteren. "Dutch Skies, Global Laws." Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 46, no. 1 (2016): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2016.46.1.1.

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This essay examines the transformation of a local rule of thumb into a widely acknowledged meteorological law, generally known as Buys Ballot’s law. This law relates wind direction to atmospheric pressure. From 1857 to 1867, Christophorus Buys Ballot (1817–1890) actively lobbied in the international arena for his wind rule, which he regarded as a promising basis for a system of storm warnings. At the same time he was reluctant to generalize his rule beyond the Dutch boundaries or to make strong claims about its predictive nature. Initially he failed to interest foreign meteorologists in his wo
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Peers, Douglas M. "Between Mars and Mammon; the East India Company and Efforts to Reform its Army, 1796–1832." Historical Journal 33, no. 2 (1990): 385–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00013388.

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The history of the East India Company's rule of India is marked by sporadic outbursts of civil-military conflict. It was not unknown in India for European officers to down tools and commit acts that bordered on outright mutiny. Perhaps this could be expected when, on the one hand, the Company, as a commercial body, sought to maximize its profits, while on the other, the army was essentially a mercenary force, ever grasping for a larger slice of the fiscal pie. If, however, we penetrate deeper into the labyrinth of their relations, we find that the issues at stake lose their simplicity. In the
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Singh, Geetashree. "Colonising Elephant Hunting in Assam (1826–1947)." Indian Historical Review 47, no. 2 (2020): 313–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0376983620968019.

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Elephant has always played an important role in the history of Assam. Because of its strategic importance, elephant has always been preserved while other wild animals such as rhinoceros, tigers, leopards, bears, wolves, hyenas, wild boars, wild pigs, hogs, wild dogs, deer and bear were hunted for games, and attempts were made at the total annihilation of these animals during the colonial rule. Though the cases of elephant hunting for ivory were not uncommon, it was mostly preferred to be captured for its usefulness. Elephant was not only used for transportation, hauling and administrative purp
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Kanika Bansal. "Impact of British Raj on the Education System in India: The Process of Modernization in the Princely States of India – The case of Mohindra College, Patiala." Creative Space 5, no. 1 (2017): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/cs.2017.51002.

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British rule is said to have been responsible for the modernization witnessed in the Indian civilization. The impact of this process was quiet evident from the changes adopted by the Indians in their life style, thinking processes, attires, food and education. Besides the advancements made in the spheres of roads, transports, postal services etc, their rule acted as a significant period of transition from the indigenous style of education to western education. The foundations were laid by the East India Company and the Christian Missionaries to employ Indians for administrative tasks as well a
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Gal, Amir. "Constitutional regulation of civil marriage in Israel." Constitutional and legal academic studies, no. 1 (November 10, 2022): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2663-5399.2022.1.01.

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The purpose of this paper is to review the history of the constitutional regulation of marriage and divorce in British mandate Palestine and the state of Israel from 1918 on. Israel was subject to British rule (mostly under a mandate of the League of Nations) from 1918 to 1948, and was called Palestine at the time. In 1948 some of this territory claimed its sovereignty as an independent state called Israel. The paper will highlight the different constitutional norms and procedures that govern the field of family law in British mandate Palestine and the state of Israel from the beginning of the
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Kenny, Susan. "The Law Commissions: Constitutional Arrangements and the Rule of Law†." Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 39, no. 3 (2019): 603–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqz013.

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Abstract This review article considers two publications concerning the Law Commissions created under the Law Commissions Act 1965: Fifty Years of the Law Commissions: The Dynamics of Law Reform, a collection of essays edited by Dyson, Lee and Wilson Stark, and Wilson Stark’s monograph, The Work of the British Law Commissions: Law Reform … Now? The writers demonstrate how the Commissions’ law reform work has made a unique contribution to the improved operation of the legal system and how they must continue to adapt to changes in the constitutional arrangements within which they discharge their
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Fadeyev, Ivan. "The Institutional Policies of the British Administration and New Communal Identities in Mandatory Palestine, 1920s — 1930s." ISTORIYA 15, no. 10 (144) (2024): 0. https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840032794-2.

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In this article, the author examines the British approach to engaging with religious communities in Mandatory Palestine in the context of the institutional policies of communalism implemented in other parts of the empire. He draws on institutional theory of identity to demonstrate the extent of continuity and divergence between the Ottoman and British administrations in these approaches. The author posits that by preserving and modernising the Ottoman millet system, the British authorities sought to define local differences and grievances not as political but as religious, thereby presenting t
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Choudhury, Mohd Shakir Hussain, and Habibullah Mazumdar. "Colonizing the Wild Elephant of Cachar (1850-1950)." International Journal of Forest, Animal And Fisheries Research 6, no. 2 (2022): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijfaf.6.2.1.

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Elephants have always played a significant role in Cachar's history. Elephant hunting was a monopoly of the British government in India during colonial rule as of its strategic importance. Elephants were given special attention by colonial officials because of their ability to navigate forests, their Tusks, and their role in hunting. The elephant capturing and management procedure was under British authority because it was one of the most important sources of revenue for the British government. Due to the poor transit system, the colonial rulers kept number of elephants on hand to perform vari
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Jerin, Dr Vandana, and Ms Yanvi Gupta. "Land Revenue Administration in Modern India (1740-1947)." International Journal of Enhanced Research in Educational Development 13, no. 03 (2025): 80–106. https://doi.org/10.55948/ijered.2025.0511.

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The land revenue administration in India between 1740 and 1947 played a pivotal role in shaping the socioeconomic landscape of the subcontinent. This research paper examines the evolution of revenue policies under successive regimes, from the late Mughal period to British colonial rule, analysing their impact on agrarian society, state power, and economic structures. The late Mughal administration relied on a decentralized revenue system, characterized by intermediary zamindars and regional revenue collectors. However, as British rule expanded, the colonial administration introduced systematic
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Sanchita, Nag. "Raja Rammohan Roy and the Dawn of Modernity and Nationalism in India." postScriptum: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Literary Studies 2, no. 1 (2017): 18–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1318839.

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The confluence of two different cultures marks the trajectory of India’s struggle for Independence – the European and the Indian. The late eighteenth and early nineteenth century was, in this respect, the culmination of a new age. With the introduction of the Western mode of education, a wave of new thoughts ushered in thereby accommodating itself with the prevailing notions of native forces at work at that time. A new era of change was perhaps unleashed with the advent of the British rule which led to the advent of constant struggle between despotism and liberty, superstition and
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Naheed Anwar. "Sir Syed Ahmad Khan’s Multifarious Activities in England." PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY 4, no. 1 (2023): 154–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v4i1.148.

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Throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, the British Empire surpassed all the earlier empires in territorial size, during this time period British Empire earned the illustrious title ‘the Empire which never sees a sunset’. From 1858 to 1947, known as the British Crown Raj, the entire territory encompassing India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh was under the direct rule of Britain by the Parliament working on behalf of the British Crown. During this era, a substantial number of Indians - largely professionals - went to Britain. Indian students won scholarships for pursuing higher education and v
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Bozhinovski, Andrej. "The Influence Of Magna Carta Libertatum In The Development Of The Principle Of Rule Of Law." SEEU Review 11, no. 1 (2015): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/seeur-2015-0021.

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Abstract The concept of Rule of Law is the cornerstone of the proper functioning of the judicial system in any modern democratic society. It is a basic concept of defined rights and liberties to all persons, which offers protection from arbitrary prosecution and incarceration. This principle was firstly stipulated by the instrument of Magna Carta and it is considered as a key principle for good governance in any modern democratic society. The development of the rule of law principle is personified through the independence of the Judiciary as a third branch of government. The contemporary democ
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Vanlalruati, C., Zarzoliana a, and Samuel V.L. Thlanga. "COLONIAL MIZORAM: FOREST PRODUCE AND FARMING METHODS." International Journal of Advanced Research 12, no. 07 (2024): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/19058.

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Frequent raids of areas that the Lushais claimed as their hunting grounds occupied by the British culminated to the creation of the Lushai Hills district under the British rule. Maintenance of public order being the prime concerned, policies relating to forests and fields were sparse allowing traditional patterns of livelihoods to continue almost unchanged. The demand for forest produce was only outside the District as there was no local industries or enterprises that needed raw materials. Trade in forest produce and traders, however, were introduced in this period. Trade permits were issued,
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Lapushkina, Alina O. "History of the Central Volta region (Ghana) 1870-1914: european merchants, christian missions and features of colonial German government." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 6 (2023): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080028823-2.

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The article is dedicated to the history of the central part of the Volta (Ghana) of the second half of the 19th-early 20th centuries: the trading operations of European entrepreneurs, Christian missions, and the peculiarities of colonial rule. The trade in slaves, cotton, ivory, palm oil and other goods made a significant contribution to the economy of the Volta basin. On the one hand, Europeans perceived it as a territory with valuable resources, and saw the potential in it for economic development and transformation into an economically self-sufficient and profitable zone under colonial rule
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Mazher, Hussain Muhammad Anwar Farooq Muhammad Yaseen Muhammad Husnain Sadia Saleem Ammara Rehman. "Rise of Muslim Modernist Discourse in the Nineteenth Century India: A Thematic." Multicultural Education 8, no. 1 (2022): 211. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914905.

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<em>Post-1857 milieu produced a number of Muslim scholars and thinkers in South Asia whose contributions in the domain of modernist and reformist thought have been acclaimed and applauded worldwide. They developed and disseminated their own Islamic reformist and modernist discourse. Their ideologue and methodology gave social reformists impetus and advancement throughout the Islamic world. These scholars although held variant views but their results were amazingly the same in the arena of social reformation which was extensively studied and became the basis of two extremes i.e., the Orthodox M
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