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Journal articles on the topic 'Saudin Basic'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Mofareh A, Alqahtani. "Saudi Student and Teacher Perceptions of Poor High School Results and Overall Proficiency in English." Journal of Asian Research 3, no. 3 (August 21, 2019): p251. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jar.v3n3p251.

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“English is the only foreign language taught in Saudi schools as part of the mandatory curriculum and therefore enjoys a relatively high status” (Carfax Educational Projects, 2016, p. 10). The teaching of English as a Foreign Language (EFL/L2) within the basic curriculum of Saudi Arabia commences in the fourth grade. However, in spite of the best efforts of the Saudi Ministry of Education (MoE) to develop English learning in schools, the language proficiency of Saudi high school leavers remains insufficient to carry out even basic interactions, let alone undertake university study through the medium of English (Al-Johani, 2009; Al-Seghayer, 2014; Alhawsawi, 2013; Alrabai, 2016; Khan, 2011; Rajab, 2013). In fact, the recent Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL iBT, 2017) demonstrated an overall average score of 64 of 120 for Saudis who took the TOEFL iBT between January and December 2016. This paper therefore seeks to examine the factors responsible for the low EFL performance of Saudi students on completion of their high school studies. In order to do so, the researcher randomly selected 60 school leavers and 30 teachers who responded to an interview designed to elicit the underlying causes of such poor English proficiency. The results revealed that the reasons fall into a number of discrete categories related to the student, the teacher, the learning environment, and the curriculum.
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Kassim, Norizan Mohd, Naima Bogari, Najah Salamah, and Mohamed Zain. "Product status signaling as mediator between materialism and product satisfaction of Saudis and Malaysians." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 44, no. 6 (July 15, 2016): 973–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2016.44.6.973.

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We investigated the mediating role of product status signaling in the relationship between materialism and product satisfaction of Saudi and Malaysian adults. We performed structural equation modeling to analyze data from 894 Generations X and Y participants in Malaysia and Saudi Arabia, who responded to a self-administered survey. Contrary to previous research findings both from Malaysia, and from North American and other Western-culture samples, there were positive significant direct effects of materialism on product satisfaction for consumers in both countries. The results of the mediating effect (materialistic values → product status signaling → product satisfaction) indicated that, for Saudis, the effect was positive and moderate in strength, whereas for Malaysians, the effect was positive and strong. The overall results showed that product status signaling acted as a partial mediator in the relationship between materialistic values and product satisfaction. On the basis of these results, it is important for marketers to understand that both Malaysian and Saudi consumers—Saudis in particular—tend to rely, and focus, on the symbolic meanings attached to products that will only be successfully communicated if the symbolism in the product is socially and visibly recognized by these consumers. Suggestions for future research are offered.
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Hamdan, Amani. "The Role of Authentic Islam: The Way Forward for Women in Saudi Arabia." HAWWA 10, no. 3 (2012): 200–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341237.

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AbstractThis paper explores the main reasons for which progressive Saudis can be optimistic that women will eventually achieve their rightful place in society in general and in the employment sector in particular. A critical analysis is performed of the social, cultural, and religious background to gender inequality as well as of the current state of women’s education and employment. The evidence considered of the everlasting gender discourses in Saudi Arabia includes examples from the girls’ home economics textbook for Grades 7 and 8. This paper confirms that Saudi society is witnessing a growing acknowledgment of the undeniable Scriptural basis for women’s participation in all aspects of public life and an accompanying dilution of the influence of the some conservativeUlamaas enforcers of a narrow and literal interpretation of Islam. This paper also confirms that important institutional and policy changes are underway that are creating new educational and employment opportunities for women. The result is that the deeply entrenched gender issues that has for so long characterized the Saudi education system and society as a whole is being challenged by progressive Islamic principles and by a variety of institutional reforms, among other factors.
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Alomi, Yousef Ahmed, Dima Ahmad Alaskari, Malak Mohammad Almelfi, Dima Ali Badawi, and Abdullah Mohammad Alshihri. "Patient’s Knowledge of Basic Medication Information in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Community Medicine 4, no. 3 (September 4, 2018): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/jppcm.2018.3.41.

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Bajow, Nidaa A., Yousef I. Alawad, and Samer M. Aloraifi. "A Basic Course in Humanitarian Health Emergency and Relief: A Pilot Study from Saudi Arabia." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, no. 6 (October 16, 2019): 580–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19004977.

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AbstractBackground:Political unrest in the Middle East heightens the possibility of catastrophe due to violent conflict and/or terrorist attacks. However, the disaster risk reduction strategy in the Saudi health care system appears to be a reactive approach focused more on flood hazards than other threats. Given the current unstable political situation in its neighboring countries and Saudi Arabia’s key role in providing humanitarian assistance and disaster relief to those affected by internal conflicts and wars, it is essential to develop a framework for training standards related to complex humanitarian disasters to provide the requisite skills and knowledge in a gradual manner, according to local context and international standards. This framework could also support the World Health Organization’s (WHO; Geneva, Switzerland) initiative for establishing a national disaster assistance team in Saudi Arabia.Problem:The main aim of this study is to provide Saudi health care providers with a competencies-based course in Basic Principles of Complex Humanitarian Emergency.Methods:The interactive, competencies-based course in Basic Principles of Complex Humanitarian Emergency was designed by five experts in disaster medicine and humanitarian relief in three stages, accordance to international standards and the local context. The course was piloted over five days at the Officers Club of the Ministry of Interior (MOI; Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). The 33 participants were from different health disciplines of the government sectors in-country. The participants completed the pre- and post-tests and attended three pilot workshops for disaster community awareness.Results:The overall knowledge scores were significantly higher in the post-test (62.9%) than the pre-test (44.2%). There were no significant differences in the pre- and post-knowledge scores for health care providers from the different government health disciplines. A 10-month, post-event survey demonstrated that participants were satisfied with their knowledge retention. Importantly, three of them (16.6%) had the opportunity to put this knowledge into practice in relation to humanitarian aid response.Conclusion:Delivering a competencies-based course in Basic Principles of Complex Humanitarian Emergency for health care providers can help improve their knowledge and skills for humanitarian assistance and disaster relief, which is crucial for disaster preparedness augmentation in Saudi Arabia.
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Harby, Fahad AL, Rami Qahwajim, and Mumtaz Kamala. "Towards an Understanding of User Acceptance to Use Biometrics Authentication Systems in E-commerce." International Journal of E-Business Research 6, no. 3 (July 2010): 34–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jebr.2010070103.

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Security is an increasingly important issue for business, and with it, the need for authentication. The use of biometric systems for personal authentication is a response to the rising issue of authentication and security. As with any new technology, user acceptance is often hard to measure, thus, in this work, a study of user acceptance of a biometrics authentication system in e-commerce, such as online banking within the Saudi society, was conducted. The study examined whether Saudis are practically willing to accept this technology by involving 306 participants in a large scale laboratory experiment that actively tested a biometric authentication system in combination of a survey. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was adopted as the theoretical basis to develop the research framework in which the model has proven its efficiency as a good predictor for the study’s application.
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Alharbi, Manal. "Emotional intelligence of Saudi children in the basic education program." Saudi Medical Journal 39, no. 6 (June 5, 2018): 615–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15537/smj.2018.6.22141.

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Alomi, Yousef Ahmed, Dima Ahmad Alaskari, Malak Mohammad Almelfi, Dima Ali Badawi, and Abdullah Mohammad Alshihri. "Healthcare professionals and Basic Knowledge of Medications in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Community Medicine 4, no. 3 (September 4, 2018): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/jppcm.2018.3.39.

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9

Alsawalha, Murad. "Overview of Current and Future Perspectives of Saudi Arabian Natural Clinoptilolite Zeolite: A Case Review." Journal of Chemistry 2019 (March 3, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3153471.

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After a thorough review of existing studies of clinoptilolite zeolites, three areas for potential investigation of the Saudi Arabian zeolites were found. They are the characterizations, the catalytic activity, active sites, and uses of natural clinoptilolite zeolites. First, no analysis is available worldwide to compare the percentage weight of local zeolites with those sourced from other countries, nor does one exist for the establishment on the zeolite conversion of MBOH with water on acidic catalysts at lower temperatures. Secondly, a review of current literature on the topic revealed that basic and active sites of Saudi Arabian zeolites have yet to be examined. Future investigation of zeolite catalytic activity can be achieved by methyl butynol test reaction (MBOH) and absorption-desorption of ammonia. In the characterization of a range of international materials, the methyl butynol test reaction was utilized, including on natural zeolites, natural clays, and synthesized hydrotalcites. However, the catalytic performance of natural Saudi Arabian clinoptilolite zeolites by test reaction of MBOH conversion has not been yet investigated. Therefore, this article also includes an outline of the general testing conditions and parameters required to execute the accurate characterization of local Saudi clinoptilolite under optimal test conditions. Likewise, knowledge of the important active acidic centers of local materials is prescribed. This can be ascertained by determining the conditions together with the test parameters for the application of the “temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia” method in order to obtain an accurate determination of local Saudi clinoptilolite acidic centers. Additionally, an outline of the catalytic activity of worldwide clinoptilolite is given in this article together with kinetic investigations of other sources for the clinoptilolite zeolite in order to form the basis for the testing of local Saudi clinoptilolite. The percentage average of chemical composition (Wt.%) of natural clinoptilolite from various countries is also included. Finally, a future research plan is proposed here. This will form the basis for a complete study or survey to be compiled detailing the modifications needed to increase the surface areas for Saudi natural clinoptilolite zeolites using different methods of modifications. This could enhance its application as acid catalysts for use in the retardation of coke formation and for membrane separation on cationic exchange.
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El-Hoby, Hany Mohamed Hassan, and Dr Adamu Abobakar Ibrahim. "EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION OF ICT RESOURCES AND ICT CAPABILITIES IN SAUDI ARABIA HIGHER INSTITUTES." European Journal of Technology 2, no. 2 (July 17, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ejt.269.

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Purpose: The research aims to identify the reality of the contribution of information and communication technology to keep pace with the educational trends that adopt call to the quality of performance and improving the educational system with a view to the composition of the forces of human, economic growth and social council, and contribute to the building of civilization on the basis of racial superiority and discrimination.Methodology: The study used a quantitative research method in order to uncover the problems of the effective utilization of information technology in learning in private colleges.Results: The Ministry of Higher Education in Saudi Arabia has always been working closely with Saudi Universities to improve the quality of higher education to ensure that university graduates have the skills and learning outcomes. Saudi’s young student generation needs to acquire new skills and capabilities to meet the current diversification objectives and to be competitive with the best students from anywhere in the world. This study proposed effective framework to ensure that acceptable quality educational standards are fulfilled in private colleges. Saudi’s young student generation needs to acquire new skills and capabilities to meet the current diversification objectives and to be competitive with the best students from anywhere in the world. This study proposed effective framework to ensure that acceptable quality educational standards are fulfilled in private colleges. This study will focus on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) resources and capabilities.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: This study can contribute in both empirical study and theoretical approach to understand the effective utilization of ICT in higher educational institutional
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11

Bahdailah, Amani Abdullah. "Basic Knowledge of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs among Saudi Community." Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biomedical Reports 5, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/ptb.2019.5.17.

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Al-Shamiri, Hashem Motahir, Sadeq Ali Al-Maweri, Bassam Shugaa-Addin, Nader Ahmed Alaizari, and Abdulrahman Hunaish. "Awareness of basic life support among Saudi dental students and interns." European Journal of Dentistry 11, no. 04 (October 2017): 521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_44_17.

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ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the torque and detorque values of screw intermediates of external hexagon, internal hexagon, and Morse taper implants in single restorations before and after mechanical cycling. Materials and Methods: The study sample was divided into three groups (n = 10) as follows: group EH - external hexagon implant, group IH - internal hexagon implant, and group MT - Morse taper implant. Universal abutments were screwed on the implants, and metal crowns were cemented onto the abutment. The samples were submitted to a mechanical testing of 1 million cycles, with a frequency of 8 cycles per second under a 400 N load. The application and registration of the screw torque (T0) and detorque (T1) values of the intermediate were performed before and after the test. The results were statistically evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey′s test (α = 0.05). Results: There was no difference between the values of T0 and T1 in the intra-group samples. However, the inter-group difference in T0 between the EH (12.8 N cm) and MT (18.6 N cm) groups and in T1 between the EH (10.4 N cm) and IH (13.8 N cm), EH and MT (19.4 N cm), and MT and IH (P = 0.001) groups were significant. The MT group showed a lower variation of T0 and T1. Conclusion: The internal implants, particularly MT, showed better stability in these cases when used for single restorations.
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Alomi, Y. A., A. Altebainawi, A. Alabdullatif, and A. Alharbi. "PNS103 PHARMACY RESEARCH BASIC KNOWLEDGE IN THE KINDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA." Value in Health 22 (November 2019): S779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2019.09.2005.

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Bajow, Nidaa, yousef Alawad, and Samer Aloraifi. "Basic Principles in Complex Humanitarian Emergency: A Pilot Course." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x1900219x.

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Introduction:The international and national response team faces many challenges during a complex humanitarian emergency. These include difficult organization, an unprepared national disaster plan, and a disrupted political system. Previous studies showed a reactive approach in earlier disasters in Saudi Arabia and the need for greater involvement of health professionals in disaster management. As a result, several medical education and training institutes began to introduce courses which were mainly about Major Incidents Response, but with less attention to Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief.Aim:The course provides Basic Principles in Complex Humanitarian Emergency for healthcare providers in the kingdom and is focused on the aspect of community awareness for disaster and humanitarian relief.Methods:The interactive competencies-based course in Basic Principles of Complex Humanitarian Emergency was implemented. The course was designed by 5 experts in disaster medicine and humanitarian relief and was piloted over five days at officers club of Minister of Interior in Riyadh, sponsored by King Fahd Security College. The participants (n=30) were from different health disciplines. They completed the pre- and post-tests and presented three pilot workshops for disaster community awareness.Results:The overall scores were 44.19% for the pre-test and 62.85% for the post-test (Wilcoxon test for paired sample: z = 3.729, p<0.001). There were no significant statistical differences among professions of healthcare providers for both pre- and post-tests.Discussion:Delivering competencies-based course in Basic Principles of Complex Humanitarian Emergency for health care providers can help in the improvement of knowledge and skills for humanitarian assistance and disaster relief in Saudi Arabia, which is important for disaster preparedness augmentation in the kingdom. The next course for the same group may be recommended for achieving the level that will train them to participate in the National Disaster Assistance team.
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Pezeshki, Ali, and Bahman Bahri Khiavi. "An Analysis of the Saudi-led coalition's Attack on Yemen on the Basis of the International Criminal Court." International Academic Journal of Humanities 05, no. 02 (December 24, 2018): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/iajh/v5i2/1810027.

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16

El-Omari, Hussein Abdulla. "Marketing information, management and use: the case of Saudi Arabia." Journal of Islamic Marketing 10, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 653–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jima-06-2017-0071.

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Purpose Obtaining, managing and using proper marketing information are considered an important strategic issue that cannot be ignored in the light of stiffening competition locally and internationally. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the level of importance attached by Saudi industrial organizations to good management and use of quality marketing information. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire method was used to collect the required data. Using a self-distributed method, the questionnaire was provided to top management levels of 80 companies from different industrial sectors in Saudi Arabia, selected randomly from a list provided by Saudi’s Chamber of Industry. Despite all attempts, only 30 completed questionnaires were returned and used in the statistical analysis for this study. This gave a response rate of 37.5 per cent. Used in this study’s statistical analysis were descriptive statistics such as frequencies, measures of central tendency such as the mean and median, measures of dispersion such as standard deviation and measures of distribution such as skewness and kurtosis. Advanced statistics, such as factor analysis statistics, were also used. Findings The study’s findings indicate how company variables are related to the ideal and actual marketing information application variables. Management’s capacity to develop a marketing plan and effectively observe the improvement may be the most demanding part of achieving desired results. This study further examined the degree to which Saudi business organizations are aware of how important it is to obtain and use proper marketing information. To develop good marketing plans, those business organizations must understand the nature of Saudi’s social structure. Its organization and welfare services are rooted in the values and traditions of Arab Muslim Culture. One of the five basic Pillars of Faith in Islam is the practice of Alms-giving and care of needy. Furthermore, people’s behavior is heavily influenced by the value, norms and expectations of Islam. Research limitations/implications This research offers a methodology to develop a better comprehension of the importance of having good management of marketing information and its use in Saudi Arabia via a description of the significant variables that form marketing information management and use. The current study also calls for more empirical research into this area of marketing in Saudi Arabia. The empirical nature of this study revealed some recommendations for future work that should look into the issues highlighted in this study. It would be useful to apply this study to other similar contexts, which may prove helpful in reexamining the validity of its results. However, further studies are needed to validate the findings of this study, as all behavioral and cultural variables were not investigated and are left for future research. In addition, this is a deductive research; therefore, some important variables may have been omitted, which is another reason for recommending more empirical studies of this type in Saudi Arabia and similar contexts. Practical implications Investigating this type of study in Saudi Arabia gives a unique implication, as it calls for better understanding of the Islamic Marketing Environment of this country, which has two important holy Mosques of Islam (i.e. Al-Haram and the Prophet’s Mosques). There is no denying that the marketing environment characteristics in any society are affected by environmental circumstances, and Saudi Arabia as the most important Muslim Country, is no exception. Originality/value The central issue of this paper is related to the importance of having, managing and using good marketing information by industrial organizations. With this issue in mind, this study was carried out in a Muslim country (i.e. Saudi Arabia). Although the Saudi market has many dealers, domestic and international trades and co-operatives, there is little relevant data about the existing marketing systems, i.e. scarcity of market data and information concerning demand, consumption, opportunities and competition.
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Korany, Baghat. "Pétro-puissance et système mondial : le cas de l’Arabie saoudite." Études internationales 10, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 797–819. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/700991ar.

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Despite Us increasing weight in the global System, the international repercussions of Saudi petro-power are very under-researched. This study starts with a critical evaluation of the literature on the underdeveloped study of underdeveloped countries. The author then elaborates his research framework, defines and operationalizes his main concepts, and explicits two main hypotheses concerning the international status and the political role of Saudi Arabia. The study proceeds then to empirical verification. Eight tables, data analysis of recent Saudi international initiatives, and some interviews with Saudi and U.S. policy makers support the author's thesis : Saudi political elite works actively to maintain the basic structures of the contemporary global System.
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Abbas, Haytham Abdulnasser, Safa Yousef Khudari, Rawan Hamed Almalki, Raghad Taher Abed, Salam Atif Sait, and Afnan Ahmad Sulaiman. "Public knowledge and attitude toward basic life support in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 3 (February 24, 2021): 1082. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20210785.

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Background: Basic life support (BLS) is an integral component of initial resuscitative care during critical situations like sudden cardiac arrest, stroke, and airway obstruction. Tragic consequences of such life-threatening emergencies can be prevented with adequate knowledge and training on BLS principles. This study sought to assess the current status of public knowledge and attitude towards BLS in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Methods: Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, a study was conducted amongst residents of Jeddah, during July 2020. Participants were asked to fill a validated online questionnaire consisting of 9 demographic items, and 23 items determining attitude and general knowledge on BLS and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Results: A total of 740 participants completed the questionnaire, with the majority being between 18 to 39 years old. Overall, the study findings show inadequate levels of BLS knowledge, with a mean knowledge score of 5.3 (SD±2.8) out of 15. The highest rates of correct responses were observed in the question concerning the recognition of the national emergency contact number (72.3%). Participants who had previously received BLS training had significantly higher knowledge scores (p<0.001), as well as those who took BLS courses within one year or less (p<0.001), and those who previously witnessed CPR (p<0.001).Conclusions: In general, knowledge about BLS among the participants was very limited, yet a positive attitude towards BLS training was observed. Therefore, a nation-wide effort is advised to enhance the public exposure on BLS.
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Abaalalaa, Hessah S., and Reem A. Alosaimi. "The Portrayal of the First Female Saudi Lawyer: A Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis of Online Newspaper Articles." International Journal of Linguistics 12, no. 5 (October 29, 2020): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v12i5.17712.

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This study utilized a developed MCDA (Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis) framework proposed by Machin and Mayr (2012). It intends to uncover how interceded verbal and visual choices cooperate to show a shift in the construction of the female Saudi lawyer’s identity in two articles, Saudi and Iranian. The framework is indebted to Van Dijk's (1998) work in which CDA was viewed as a multidisciplinary field where ideology was the basic theory. The MCDA showed that both articles, i.e., Iranian and Saudi, maintained different ideologies in their representations of the first female Saudi lawyer's achievement and used different linguistic and visual choices to portray this achievement.
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Mathew Nalliveettil, George, and Abdullah Mahasneh. "Developing Competence in Basic Writing Skills: Perceptions of EFL Undergraduates." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, no. 7 (October 10, 2017): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.7p.332.

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English language course materials in EFL contexts are tailored to enhance the proficiency levels of receptive and productive skills of undergraduates. These course materials are designed in the form of worksheets to fulfil the aims and objectives of communicative/task based syllabus. During the process of completing these tasks/activities, students are expected to actively engage in writing words and meaningful sentences. In order to understand the effectiveness of their writing skills, the researchers administered a 30-item questionnaire to EFL undergraduates studying at Aljouf University, Saudi Arabia. This study focused on eliciting the perceptions of EFL undergraduates on various aspects related to writing proficiency. A total of 52 male students participated in responding to the questionnaire. The findings of our study reveal that translating strategies often impede progress in the writing skills development.
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Al-Asmary, Saeed Mohammad, Saeed Kadasah, Misbahul Arfin, Mohammad Tariq, and Abdulrahman Al-Asmari. "Basic research Apolipoprotein E polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia among Saudis." Archives of Medical Science 4 (2015): 869–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2015.53308.

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Alkhatnai, Mubarak. "Use of Think-Aloud Protocols: Investigating the Writing Habits of Saudi EFL/ESL Learners." International Journal of Linguistics 8, no. 5 (September 20, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v8i5.9607.

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<p>This paper aims to investigate the writing processes of bilingual Saudi writers by means of think-aloud protocols. Think-aloud or talk-aloud protocols involve having participants verbally describe their activities while performing a given task. My goal was to understand the writing habits of Saudi EFL/ESL learners and what native Arabic speakers experience when writing in English by examining how they write compositions in English. My basic question for this investigation was “How do EFL/ESL Saudi learners write in English?” The goal of this study was to identify useful information for teaching EsL composition to Arabic-speaking learners in general and Saudi learners in particular. </p>
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AL-SULAIM, MESAAD IBRAHIM. "ESTIMATION OF TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA AND AZERBAIJAN." Economic innovations 22, no. 3(76) (September 20, 2020): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2020.22.3(76).76-86.

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Topicality.Trade is the most important tool of the world economy in terms of building ties between countries, strengthening their interaction in the international exchange of goods, services and intellectual labor products. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to estimate trade and economic relations between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Azerbaijan, to prove having correlations between basic economic variables. Research results.The macro, micro and institutional factors affecting trade are initially classified and in separately explained in the article. Moreover, all economic indicators influencing exports have been analyzed in detail. The international experience on the estimation of foreign trade potential has been then investigated, it is pointed out that there are several models considering available, but the most suitable for research is the gravity model. The essence of the gravitational model is explained and the economic literature is studied to determine its application mechanism. On the basis of the gravity model, the trade relations of Saudi Arabia and Azerbaijan have been estimated by the method of the least squares of econometrics. Thus, two models have been set up initially with the variables of export of Saudi Arabia and Azerbaijan. One of variables is real exchange rate and this variable for each country has been calculated and added to the models by years. Conclusion.The features characterizing the adequacy of these models have been analyzed by using the e-views software package. So that, seasonal adjustment, their stationary, heteroschedasticity/homoscedasticity, the ratio of determination, autocorrelation have been analyzed. The models have been adjusted accordingly depending on the test results. The results have been interpreted on the basis of coefficients and their economic essence has been analyzed. It has been proved that there are positive trade correlations between two countries. In the conclusion, a summary of research has been noted.
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Alfakey, Mysara, and Ahmed Alkarani. "Students’ knowledge and attitudes toward basic life support." International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i3.21703.

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<span lang="EN-US">Students spend a significant proportion of their day in colleges and healthcare facilities where they might experience medical emergencies, or unexpected accidents, that occur in these places. Nursing students are expected to play a key role in performing basic life support. This study is to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and training status with regard to basic life support (BLS). An online cross-sectional survey was conducted in Taif University, Saudi Arabia. 170 students agreed to fill out a questionnaire. The questions used in the questionnaire were prepared according to 2015 AHA guidelines. The majority of subjects (52.9%) reported that they had attended a BLS course. The mean age of the study population was 21.64 years. Previous CPR training had a significant effect on the correct responses (P &lt;0.01). This study found significant differences between the students observed: (58.3%) of students with previous BLS training felt capable of providing CPR to their fellow college students, compared to (42.7%) in the group without previous training (P =0.01). Importantly, over all subjects the attitude to learning on a BLS training course was positive. Inconclusions this study corroborates previous reports that the knowledge, skills and attitudes of trained students are better than those of untrained students.</span>
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Wilson, A. O. "Chapter 4 Depositional geometry at selected locations around the basin." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 53, no. 1 (2020): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m53.4.

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AbstractThis chapter includes 11 cross-sections and one well log profile to show the depositional geometry and setting in specific areas around the basin: the Saudi Arabia outcrop belt; the Rimthan Arch; and the eastern and central areas of the intrashelf basin in Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, Abu Dhabi and Oman. These cross-sections are used to demonstrate the similarity and degree of continuity of the upper Dhruma Formation, the Tuwaiq Mountain Formation, the source rock, the Hanifa, Jubaila–Arab and Arab–Hith formations and depositional sequences in these different locations in the basin. They show the manner in which the underlying platform formed, the rim developed, the source rock was deposited and the basin progressively filled. The blanket deposition of the Arab-D anhydrite was followed by the Arab-C to Arab-A and Hith carbonate and evaporite sequences. The cross-sections provide the framework used in subsequent chapters to make a series of facies maps and other interpretative diagrams and cross-sections that summarize and, for some intervals, revise the interpretation of the settings and geological events that formed the Arabian Intrashelf Basin.
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Hajisaaid, Alwalid Mohammad Saleh A. "The Effect of Capital Structure on Profitability of Basic Materials Saudi Arabia Firms." Journal of Mathematical Finance 10, no. 04 (2020): 631–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmf.2020.104037.

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Althubaiti, Suha, and Norah Althubaiti. "Saudi Medical Students’ Interest in Basic Medical Sciences and the Factors Affecting It." Global Journal of Health Science 10, no. 3 (February 28, 2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v10n4p30.

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OBJECTIVES: To evaluate medical students’ interest in basic sciences and identify perceived obstacles for choosing a career in basic science.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted and carried out between March and May 2016 with 600 undergraduate medical students at the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Students’ interest towards basic medical sciences was evaluated using a questionnaire.RESULTS: A total of 352 medical students (180 male and 172 female) responded. The leading reasons for not pursuing a career in basic sciences were that medical students aimed primarily to become clinicians (71.6%), would prefer to engage in clinical research (40.4%), were concerned about salaries in basic sciences (36.6%), and had not experienced exciting practical training in basic sciences (26.2%).CONCLUSION: Integrating basic sciences and clinical medicine and increasing research participation will result in more positive attitudes towards basic sciences. Furthermore, reducing the students’ concerns will encourage medical students to engage more with basic medical science.
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KOTB, H., S. ZAIDI, and H. HAKIM. "Hydrochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in the Usfan Basin, Saudi Arabia." Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Earth Sciences 1, no. 1 (1988): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/ear.1-1.6.

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29

Stewart, S. A. "Structural geology of the Rub' Al-Khali Basin, Saudi Arabia." Tectonics 35, no. 10 (October 2016): 2417–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016tc004212.

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30

Al‐Salamah, Abdullah, and Rodney Wilson. "The implications for employment conditions of foreign direct investment in Saudi Arabia: lessons from the Saudi Arabian Basic Industries Corporation." Managerial Finance 27, no. 10/11 (October 2001): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03074350110767547.

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31

Thein, SL, RB Wallace, L. Pressley, JB Clegg, DJ Weatherall, and DR Higgs. "The polyadenylation site mutation in the alpha-globin gene cluster." Blood 71, no. 2 (February 1, 1988): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v71.2.313.313.

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Abstract In a previous study, we described a form of nondeletion alpha- thalassemia (alpha T Saudi alpha) found in subjects of Saudi Arabian origin. In the current study, using synthetic oligoprobe hybridization and restriction enzyme analysis, we have demonstrated that the molecular basis of alpha T Saudi alpha is due solely to a single base mutation (AATAAA----AATAAG) in the polyadenylation signal of the alpha 2 gene and that the frameshift mutation in codon 14 of the linked alpha 1 gene is the result of a cloning artefact. The alpha 2 polyadenylation signal mutation occurs in other Middle Eastern and the Mediterranean populations and is responsible for the clinical phenotype of Hb H disease in some Saudi Arabian individuals with five alpha genes (alpha T Saudi alpha/(alpha alpha alpha)T Saudi). Evidence suggests that the (alpha alpha alpha)T Saudi haplotype has arisen as a result of a recombination between two misaligned chromosomes bearing the alpha T Saudi alpha defect.
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32

Thein, SL, RB Wallace, L. Pressley, JB Clegg, DJ Weatherall, and DR Higgs. "The polyadenylation site mutation in the alpha-globin gene cluster." Blood 71, no. 2 (February 1, 1988): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v71.2.313.bloodjournal712313.

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In a previous study, we described a form of nondeletion alpha- thalassemia (alpha T Saudi alpha) found in subjects of Saudi Arabian origin. In the current study, using synthetic oligoprobe hybridization and restriction enzyme analysis, we have demonstrated that the molecular basis of alpha T Saudi alpha is due solely to a single base mutation (AATAAA----AATAAG) in the polyadenylation signal of the alpha 2 gene and that the frameshift mutation in codon 14 of the linked alpha 1 gene is the result of a cloning artefact. The alpha 2 polyadenylation signal mutation occurs in other Middle Eastern and the Mediterranean populations and is responsible for the clinical phenotype of Hb H disease in some Saudi Arabian individuals with five alpha genes (alpha T Saudi alpha/(alpha alpha alpha)T Saudi). Evidence suggests that the (alpha alpha alpha)T Saudi haplotype has arisen as a result of a recombination between two misaligned chromosomes bearing the alpha T Saudi alpha defect.
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33

Seraj, Mohamed A., and Paul J. Harvey. "15 Years of Experience with Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Critical Analysis." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 14, no. 3 (September 1999): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00027564.

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AbstractThe objective of this review is to establish a framework about the educational activities of the Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) National Committee of the Saudi Heart Association (SHA) and determine if it has had any effect on the survival rate in daily hospital work. Further, the review puts forward recommendations regarding the key to success for future implementations and improvement in the outcome of heart attacks in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was introduced into the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the 1980s. The birth of CPR in the Kingdom was conducted by the American Heart Association (AHA) provision of the first instructor course in Basic Cardiac Life Support (BCLS) and Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) in the spring of 1984. This educational activity was initiated by the Postgraduate Center of the College of Medicine and currently is a function of the Saudi Heart Association (SHA). The National Heart Center (NHC) continually expands its activities. The number of courses organized, conducted, and reported herein totaled 459 for providers and instructors in BCLS and advanced cardiac life support. This resulted in certification of 916 and 204 instructors in basic and advanced CPR respectively. There were 80 centers established in the Kingdom over the span of 15 years. They all provide BCLS courses; only 13 provide advanced cardiac life support courses. The SHA issued a total of 84,659 certificates.
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34

Al Rasasi, Moayad H., John H. Qualls, and Bander K. Algamdi. "Oil Revenues and Economic Growth in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, no. 53 (March 10, 2019): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijefr.53.49.55.

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This paper examines the relationship between Saudi oil revenues and the Kingdom’s economic growth over the past 47 years. In analyzing the data that are needed for this analysis, problems were encountered with the basic real GDP and government oil revenue data that are typically used. The most widely-used measure of non-oil private sector activity that is available, the Non-Oil Private Institutional Sector GDP, does not include the Gross Value Added of all of the private activities, omitting over SAR 80 billion of real activity (in 2010 prices). A new series was constructed, consisting of all of the non-oil private activities, including the recently corporatized/privatized companies. In addition, the oil revenue data prior to 1987 were found to be unsatisfactory for use as published, due to their being based on the 354-355 day Hijra calendar. A new conversion methodology, based on a recently published paper by Qualls et al. (2017), was applied, and the pre-1987 data were converted to a consistent Gregorian basis with good results. The two series were determined to have a unit root of order one, with a highly significant long-run relationship. An error-correction model was then estimated, and highly significant short- and long-run relationships were found. A Ganger Causality test was performed, with the results confirming the ECM’s results, with real government oil revenue growth “Granger-causing” real private-sector GDP growth. Finally, the new non-oil activity GDP measure produced better results than did the traditionally-used Non-Oil Private Sector GDP.
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35

Batool, Asma. "Pakistan's State Sovereignty in the Light of Saudi Arab's Overt Dictation." Global Pakistan Studies Research Review II, no. I (December 30, 2019): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpsrr.2019(ii-i).03.

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Historically Pakistan's relations with Saudi Arab have been concerted and coordinated on the basis of calculated strategy, except for the few exceptions. Pakistan had maintained friendly ties with Saudi Arab but with time Saudi Arab started playing more assertive role in relation to Pakistan. Since inception Pakistan tends to look towards the Saudi Arab due to cultural orientation of its public. The unprecedented transition in paradigm of Pak-Saudi relations came when Saudi Arab assumed the role of major economic aid donor. Today, the role of Pakistan can be described as 'shatter belt' vis-à-vis major powers. Pakistani an attempt to pull itself out of Western influence relied on Saudi Aid which resulted in explicit dictation of Saudi Arab.The internal weakness of Pakistan extended the opportunity for accepting external pressure which compromised the sovereignty of state directly and placed Pakistan in compliant position in relation to Saudi Arab. This paper will divulge the unique relations of Saudi Arab and Pakistan by dissecting the dimensions of Saudi Arab's political, economic and cultural influence on Pakistan. It will also illume the Saudi hegemonic policies in which Pakistan adjusts and influenced to revise its own policy choices. This paper will dwell on the way forward in Pak-Saudi relations in order to restore balance and maintain sovereignty of the state.
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36

Al-Suhaibani, A., E. Sharaf, and A. Al-Abdullatif. "A Model for Asphalt Concrete Modulus Prediction from Basic Mix Variables in Saudi Arabia." Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences 9, no. 1 (1997): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1018-3639(18)30663-9.

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Gazzeh, Karim, and Ismaila Rimi Abubakar. "Regional disparity in access to basic public services in Saudi Arabia: A sustainability challenge." Utilities Policy 52 (June 2018): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2018.04.008.

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38

Al-Aama, Tareef. "Basic Geriatrics Knowledge Among Internal Medicine Trainees in a Teaching Hospital in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology 31, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10823-016-9289-x.

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39

Alshammari, Fehaid Salem. "A Mathematical Model to Investigate the Transmission of COVID-19 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2020 (October 10, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9136157.

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Since the first confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) on March 02, 2020, Saudi Arabia has not reported quite a rapid COVD-19 spread as seen in America and many European countries. Possible causes include the spread of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases. To characterize the transmission of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia, a susceptible, exposed, symptomatic, asymptomatic, hospitalized, and recovered dynamical model was formulated, and a basic analysis of the model is presented including model positivity, boundedness, and stability around the disease-free equilibrium. It is found that the model is locally and globally stable around the disease-free equilibrium when R 0 < 1 . The model parameterized from COVID-19 confirmed cases reported by the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia (MOH) from March 02 till April 14, while some parameters are estimated from the literature. The numerical simulation showed that the model predicted infected curve is in good agreement with the real data of COVID-19-infected cases. An analytical expression of the basic reproduction number R 0 is obtained, and the numerical value is estimated as R 0 ≈ 2.7 .
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40

Alahmary, Ayed Saad Ayed, and Muhammad Abdurrahman Sadique. "The criminal responsibility of the director of a one-person company in the Saudi system and Jordanian law." Al Hikmah International Journal of Islamic Studies and Human Sciences 4, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 184–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.46722/hkmh.4.3.21j.

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This study aims to study the nature of the criminal liability of one-person company director in both the Saudi and Jordanian systems in light of the legal basis of the criminal liability of one-person company director which is represented in freedom and choice. It also aims to present the conditions for criminal liability of one-person company director, and to examine the pillars of criminal liability. Additionally, it aims to highlight the most important situations in which the criminal liability apply to one person company director; and the difference between the Saudi system and the Jordanian system as the Saudi law contains several provisions for situations which the Jordanian law does not have, besides the severity of penalties in the Saudi law. The researcher used the analytical, inductive, and comparative methods by which several findings were achieved. The most important of which are the Saudi government did not create any exclusive legal regulations for one-person companies as it is the case for other companies. Also, the basis of criminal liability is the existence of harm, and the effects of criminal liability of one-person company director requires him to compensate for the damage caused by the breach of his obligations.
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Hadadin, Nidal, Zeyad Tarawneh, Khaldoun Shatanawi, Qais Banihani, and Moshrik R. Hamdi. "Hydrological Analysis for Floodplain Hazard of Jeddah’s Drainage Basin, Saudi Arabia." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 38, no. 12 (October 17, 2013): 3275–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13369-013-0812-x.

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42

Awadalla, Nabil J., Razan S. Al Humayed, and Ahmed A. Mahfouz. "Experience of Basic Life Support among King Khalid University Health Profession Students, Southwestern Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 13 (July 4, 2020): 4822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134822.

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Background: Satisfactory experience about basic life support (BLS) is crucial to ensure rapid and efficient delivery of essential life-saving care during emergency situations. Objectives: To assess BLS experience among health profession students at King Khalid University (KKU), Southwestern Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a representative sample of male and female health profession students, during the academic year 2019–2020. A self-reported questionnaire was utilized to collect data about BLS experiences, which included receiving BLS training, reasons for not having BLS training, suggestions to improve BLS training, encountering a situation that required the use of BLS, practicing BLS when needed and reasons for not practicing BLS when needed. Results: Out of 1261 health profession students, 590 received formal BLS training with a prevalence rate of 46.8% (95% CI: 44.0–49.6), and 46.0% of them trained at the university. Important obstacles for non-attendance included busy academic schedule (54.7%) and high cost of the training course (18%). Overall, 84.1% supported integration of BLS training into their college curricula. Almost 26% encountered a situation that required BLS; however, only 32.4% responded. Through multivariate regression, the significant determinant of response was having formal BLS training (aOR = 4.24, 95% CI: 2.38–7.54). The frequent reasons for non-response were lack of adequate BLS knowledge (35.0%), nervousness (22.8%), and that the victim was of opposite sex (9.0%). Conclusion: It is recommended that more emphasis should be given to BLS training among undergraduates of health profession colleges in Southwestern Saudi Arabia. It is recommended that BLS training be integrated into health profession college curricula. Including BLS training as a graduation requirement for health profession students might motivate students to attain BLS training courses.
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43

Okruhlik, Gwenn. "ANDERS JERICHOW, The Saudi File: People, Power, Politics (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998). Pp. 340. Price not available." International Journal of Middle East Studies 32, no. 1 (February 2000): 183–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800002233.

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The Saudi File is a handy volume, with limitations, for those who write on Saudi Arabia: it is a compilation of various documents, statements, press clips, and reports that broadly concern politics in the country. The chapter titles reflect important subjects, such as the Basic Law, government and sh―ur―a council, political reform, an Islamic state, religious police, human rights, the press and freedom of speech, refugees, gender, labor, terror, security, international relations, dissidents abroad, and the Gulf War. The relevance of these issues and institutions makes the volume a convenient tool for research.
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Alsahlawi, Abdulaziz Mohammed. "The Effect of Institutional Factors on the Profitability Risk in the Insurance Companies Listed in the Saudi Stock Market." International Business Research 11, no. 7 (June 5, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v11n7p12.

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This paper conducted an investigation into the effect of institutional factors namely, leverage, capital market assets, and firm size on the risk of profitability among Saudi insurance companies listed in the Saudi Stock market (Tadawul). The paper also determined if the institutional theory has a significant impact on the profitability risk of Saudi insurance firms. On the basis of the findings from the multiple regression analysis that was conducted on the data obtained, the study’s institutional factors namely, leverage, capital market assets, and firm size had a significant relationship with the return on assets of the Saudi insurance companies, which in turn, increased their profitability. In other words, the findings supported the contribution of leverage, capital market assets and firm size to the profitability of Saudi insurance companies and provided considerable directions as to developing a strategy of profitability among the companies.
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Esmail, Hanaa Abdelaty Hasan. "The Contribution of Education Expenditure in Saudi Universities to Achieve Economic Development." International Education Studies 13, no. 3 (February 18, 2020): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v13n3p90.

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Though there is an existence of writings on human capital and its relationship to growth, but it has missed the economic impact of universities. It is known that the knowledge of economy has a positive role in achieving economic development. So my paper focuses on the role of education expenditure in achieving economic development. The human resource is the basis for growth and development because it is able to achieve the appropriate scientific achievement and its future economic performance which is a positive return. The improvement in performance of skilled workers will be affected if Saudi government increases the education expenditure in addition to the investment in human capital. From here we can say that the human resources and the universities (government education expenditure) are two sides of a single coin whose basic and sole objective is economic growth. Therefore, this paper will test the relationship between education expenditure and economic development during the period from 2003 to 2019 through a theoretical analysis of the relationship of higher education to economic development. To explore the relationship between spending on education and economic development the author used econometric technique to analyze the study by using multi regression model depending on weighted least square (WLS). The study results show that there is a significant relationship between Saudi education expenditure and economic development, but regarding to R & D expenditure it is not significant. So the author excluded it from the model due to lack of data. Furthermore, the model WLS is effective to explore results and relations between dependent and independent variable in the case of Saudi Arabia.
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Trenkler, Igor Vladimirovich. "The aquaculture of acipenseriformes. Part 5. Dunabe Basin and Middle East." Rybovodstvo i rybnoe hozjajstvo (Fish Breeding and Fisheries), no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-09-2009-07.

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The history and contemporary state of global aquaculture of sturgeons and paddlefish are reviewed. 5th part is devoted to sturgeon breeding in the basin of Black sea (without countries of former USSR reviewed earlier) аnd in the Middle East. Six species of sturgeon once migrated in the Danube River and Turkish rivers Yeşilırmak, Kızılirmak and Sakarya for spawning: anadromous beluga Huso huso, Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, stellate sturgeon A.stellatus, European sturgeon A. sturio and the river resident ship sturgeon A. nudiventris and sterlet A. ruthenus. Sturgeons had played an important role in the history Black sea fisheries, but due to overexploitation, followed by extensive river regulations and deterioration of water quality decrease in their populations has led most of them to the verge of extinction. During the 20th Century, world demand for sturgeon meat and caviar has inflated the economic value of sturgeons so Danube basin countries and Turkey develop commercial aquaculture and conservational programs. As result of protective measures the limited natural spawning of beluga, Russian and stellate sturgeons and sterlet is preserved in Danube. In Sakarya River last spawning population of stellate sturgeon exists. These species and Siberian sturgeon are important objects of commercial aquaculture in all countries of Black sea basin. The leaders of commercial sturgeon farming in this region are Bulgaria and Israel. The sturgeon aquaculture of Hungary and Turkey developed rapidly. Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates are important importers of caviar. Saudi Arabia is large consumer of caviar and UAE is one of main re-exporter of caviar. Both Arab countries develop own sturgeon aquaculture.
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Subki, Ahmed Hussein, Hatan Hisham Mortada, Mohammed Saad Alsallum, Ali Taleb Alattas, Mohammed Ali Almalki, Muhab Mohammed Hindi, Siham Hussein Subki, and Wesam Awad Alhejily. "Basic Life Support Knowledge Among a Nonmedical Population in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Cross-Sectional Study." Interactive Journal of Medical Research 7, no. 2 (November 28, 2018): e10428. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/10428.

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48

Al-Mohaissen, Maha A. "Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Basic Life Support Among Health Students at a Saudi Women’s University." Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal 17, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): e59-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2016.17.01.011.

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GILL, ANTHONY C., SERGEY V. BOGORODSKY, and AHMAD O. MAL. "Review of Red Sea Xenisthmus Snyder (Teleostei: Gobioidei: Xenisthmidae), with description of a new species." Zootaxa 4286, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4286.2.4.

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Three species of the xenisthmid genus Xenisthmus Snyder are recorded from the Red Sea. Xenisthmus polyzonatus (Klunzinger), the only described species previously known from the Red Sea, is reported on the basis of eight specimens from Egypt, Eritrea and Saudi Arabia. Xenisthmus oligoporus new species is described from four specimens, 17.7–25.0 mm SL, from Sudan and Saudi Arabia. It is distinguished from all other congeners in having a reduced number of cephalic sensory pores and 14–15 segmented rays in the second dorsal fin. Xenisthmus balius Gill & Randall is newly recorded from the Red Sea on the basis of 13 specimens from Eritrea, Egypt and Saudi Arabia. The new specimens of this species are described and compared with previously known specimens, the holotype and eight paratypes from the Arabian (= Persian) Gulf. All three species are described in detail and illustrated with colour photographs. An identification key to the species is also provided.
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Ruhul, M. Amin, Basel F. Abu-Sharkh, and Mamdouh Al-Harthi. "Surface Microstructure Study of Polyethylene Blends for Developing Environmental Degradable Plastic Bags." Journal of Chemical Engineering 27 (July 26, 2013): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v27i1.15847.

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The morphology of the polymer blends retrieved from degradation experiments was investigated by studying the fractured surfaces using Scanning Electron Microscope for investigating the degradability of environmentally degradable plastic bags. We study the influence of adding photodegradable additives to film grade polyethylene under natural weathering conditions in Saudi Arabia. The films were exposed in outdoor environments located in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Comparison of different additives was determined and the additive PDQ-H shows the highest performance on the basis of degradation rate in the harsh environment of Saudi Arabian desert. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v27i1.15847 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 27, No. 1, June 2012: 8-11
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