Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sauter-Mean Diameter

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Sauter-Mean Diameter'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 October 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sauter-Mean Diameter"

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Hukuda, katsuya, and Tomohisa Dan. "Marine Boiler and Sauter Mean Diameter." Journal of The Japan Institute of Marine Engineering 44, no. 3 (2009): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime.44.485.

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Robles, Coral, Juan Mora, and Antonio Canals. "Experimental Evaluation of the Nukiyama-Tanasawa Equation for Pneumatically Generated Aerosols Used in Flame Atomic Spectrometry." Applied Spectroscopy 46, no. 4 (April 1992): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702924125014.

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The Nukiyama-Tanasawa equation has been checked for its applicability to predict the Sauter mean diameter of aerosols generated pneumatically under the conditions usually employed in FAAS. The measurements of droplet-size distribution have been carried out by means of a laser Fraunhofer diffraction system. The effects of both gas and liquid flows, and solvent physical properties, on experimental and calculated Sauter mean diameters of the aerosols have been studied. The results show that this equation, under normal conditions used in FAAS, correctly describes the trends of Sauter mean diameter variation of aerosols generated pneumatically with respect to the flows of nebulizing gas and liquid. Increases in liquid flow or decreases in gas flow give rise to increases in Sauter mean diameters of the aerosols. However, the absolute values predicted according to the equation far exceed the experimental Sauter mean diameters obtained, the divergences being larger at higher liquid flow/nebulizing gas flow ratios. The overestimation for water ranged from 1.8- to 8.1-fold, and for organic solvents and methanol+water mixtures from 3.6- to 13.3-fold. Under the conditions studied, experimental Sauter mean diameter values for the organic solvents and methanol+water mixtures studied were well below those found for water, under comparable conditions. This result contradicts the predictions of the Nukiyama-Tanasawa equation mainly at high liquid flow/nebulizing gas flow ratios. The main reason for this divergence is the overweighting assigned to the second term of the equation.
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Liu, Chen Wei, and Ming Zhong Li. "Effect of Dispersed Phase Viscosity on Emulsification in Turbulence Flow." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 571–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.571.

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Systematic experimental study has been performed to examine the effects of dispersed phase viscosity on emulsification in turbulence flow. It is found that the volume drop size distributions widen as dispersed phase viscosity increased; at lower dispersed phase viscosity, both Sauter mean diameter and the maximum stable diameter increase with the viscosity, while at higher dispersed phase viscosity, Sauter mean diameter and the maximum stable diameter decreasing and increasing, respectively. It has also been found that linear relation between the Sauter mean diameter and the maximum stable drop diameter is still valid for the emulsions which show a bimodal volume distribution, and the proportional constant decreases as dispersed phase viscosity increases.
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Koegl, Matthias, Yogeshwar Nath Mishra, Michael Storch, Chris Conrad, Edouard Berrocal, Stefan Will, and Lars Zigan. "Analysis of ethanol and butanol direct-injection spark-ignition sprays using two-phase structured laser illumination planar imaging droplet sizing." International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics 11 (April 22, 2018): 175682771877249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756827718772496.

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This paper reports on the spray structure of the biofuels, ethanol, and butanol generated by a multihole direct-injection spark-ignition injector, which is studied in a constant volume chamber. The spray shape and structure are analyzed using two-phase structured laser illumination planar imaging where both laser-induced fluorescence and Mie-scattering light are recorded simultaneously for the extraction of instantaneous laser-induced fluorescence/Mie-scattering ratio images. Quantitative planar measurements of the droplet Sauter mean diameter are conducted, using calibration data from phase-Doppler anemometry. The resulting Sauter mean diameters are presented for ethanol and butanol at various fuel temperatures at different times after the start of injection. It is found that an increase in fuel temperature results in a faster atomization and higher evaporation rate, which leads to reduced spray tip penetration and smaller droplet Sauter mean diameter. At equivalent conditions, butanol consistently showed larger spray tip penetration in comparison to ethanol. This behavior is due to the higher surface tension and viscosity of butanol resulting in the formation of larger droplets and larger Sauter mean diameters in the whole spray region. Finally, the butanol injection also shows larger cyclic variations in the spray shape from injection to injection which is explained by the internal nozzle flow that is influenced by larger fuel viscosity as well. The Sauter mean diameter distribution is also compared to phase-Doppler anemometry data showing good agreement and an uncertainty analysis of the structured laser illumination planar imaging-laser-induced fluorescence/Mie-scattering technique for planar droplet sizing in direct-injection spark-ignition sprays is presented.
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Ochowiak, Marek, Andżelika Krupińska, Sylwia Włodarczak, Magdalena Matuszak, Małgorzata Markowska, Marcin Janczarek, and Tomasz Szulc. "The Two-Phase Conical Swirl Atomizers: Spray Characteristics." Energies 13, no. 13 (July 2, 2020): 3416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133416.

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This paper presents the results of experimental studies on two-phase conical swirl atomizers. The impact of various atomizer geometries and different operational parameters of the atomization process on the spray characteristics was investigated. The influence of the mixing chamber height HS to diameter DS ratio and the volumetric flow rates of liquid and gas on the discharge coefficient values, spray angle, droplet size expressed by Sauter mean diameter D32, volumetric and radial distributions of droplet diameters in the spray stream were determined. The analysis of results showed that the discharge coefficient values depend on the Reynolds number for liquid and gas and the atomizer geometry. The spray angle increases as the flow rate of liquid and gas increases depending on the applied atomizer construction. The Sauter mean diameter value is correlated with the geometric dimensions of the atomizer swirl chamber. The rapid increase in D32 occurs after exceeding the value HS/DS ≈ 3. The Sauter mean diameter also depends on the operating parameters. A central area of stream is filled with smaller sized droplets as the gas flow rate increases.
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Kracht, W., and C. Moraga. "Acoustic measurement of the bubble Sauter mean diameter d32." Minerals Engineering 98 (November 2016): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2016.08.001.

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Wang, Shu, Xiao Xiao, Tian Deng, Ang Chen, and Ming Zhu. "A Sauter mean diameter sensor for fire smoke detection." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 281 (February 2019): 920–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.11.021.

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Mishra, Yogeshwar Nath, Matthias Koegl, Kevin Baderschneider, Bernhard Hofbeck, Edouard Berrocal, Chris Conrad, Stefan will, and Lars Zigan. "3D mapping of droplet Sauter mean diameter in sprays." Applied Optics 58, no. 14 (May 6, 2019): 3775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.58.003775.

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Couto, H. S., J. A. Carvalho, and D. Bastos-Netto. "Theoretical Formulation for Sauter Mean Diameter of Pressure-Swirl Atomizers." Journal of Propulsion and Power 13, no. 5 (September 1997): 691–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.5221.

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Martinez, Gabrielle L., Farzad Poursadegh, Gina M. Magnotti, Katarzyna E. Matusik, Daniel J. Duke, Benjamin W. Knox, Alan L. Kastengren, Christopher F. Powell, and Caroline L. Genzale. "Measurement of Sauter mean diameter in diesel sprays using a scattering–absorption measurement ratio technique." International Journal of Engine Research 20, no. 1 (December 19, 2018): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087418819912.

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A new diagnostic for the quantification of Sauter mean diameter in high-pressure fuel sprays has been recently developed using combined optical and X-ray measurements at the Georgia Institute of Technology and Argonne National Laboratory, respectively. This diagnostic utilizes liquid scattering extinction measurements from diffuse back-illumination imaging, conducted at Georgia Tech, and liquid absorption measurements from X-ray radiography, conducted at Argonne’s Advanced Photon Source. The new diagnostic, entitled the scattering–absorption measurement ratio, quantifies two-dimensional distributions of path-integrated Sauter mean diameter, enabling the construction of the spatial history of drop size development within practical fuel sprays. This technique offers unique benefits over conventional drop-sizing methods in that it can be more robust in optically dense regions of the spray, while also providing high spatial resolution of the corresponding droplet field. The methodology for quantification of Sauter mean diameter distributions using the scattering–absorption measurement ratio technique has been previously introduced and demonstrated in diesel sprays using the Engine Combustion Network Spray D injector; however, a more detailed treatment of measurement uncertainties has been needed. In this work, we present a summary of the various sources of measurement uncertainty in the scattering–absorption measurement ratio diagnostic, like those due to the experimental setup, data processing methods, and theoretical assumptions, and assess how these sources of uncertainty affect the quantified Sauter mean diameter. The spatially resolved Sauter mean diameter measurements that result from the scattering–absorption measurement ratio diagnostic will be especially valuable to the engine modeling community for the quantitative validation of spray submodels in engine computational fluid dynamics codes. Careful evaluation and quantification of measurement uncertainties are important to support accurate model validation and to ensure the development of more predictive spray models.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sauter-Mean Diameter"

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Nesset, Jan Edward. "Modeling the Sauter mean bubble diameter in mechanical forced-air flotation machines." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96742.

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There currently exists no available model for predicting the Sauter mean bubble diameter, D32, from the key process variables for mechanical flotation machines. This is seen as a significant shortcoming since flotation is a surface area (of bubbles) dependent process, the key metric being the bubble surface area flux, Sb, defined as 6 Jg/ D32, where Jg is the superficial gas velocity. Knowledge of how key variables affect the bubble size distribution (BSD), and hence Sb, is seen as an essential component of process understanding and optimization. The objective of this work was to develop a mathematical expression for D32 based on the key process variables of frother type and concentration, superficial gas velocity, power intensity (impeller tip speed), liquid viscosity, and altitude (elevation above sea level). In order to effectively measure the BSD that links to the Sb leaving the pulp phase, a relatively large 700 liter cell, a Metso RCS™ 0.8 m3 pilot unit, was selected. This unit, having an internal shelf baffle, produced separation of turbulent (near impeller) and quiescent (near froth) regions, ensuring that the measured BSD was truly reflective of the surface area flux leaving the pulp zone. Failure to adequately address this has been a shortcoming of work by others. The Metso unit was powered by a variable speed drive that permitted an 8-fold increase in power intensity covering the full range of industrial impeller tip speed (4.6 to 9.2 m/s). Five frothers were tested, covering a broad range in types including alcohols and polyglycols, Viscosity was modeled by varying water temperature between 4 and 40 oC. Altitude was modeled by varying gas density, an air-helium mixture fed to a smaller 5.5 liter laboratory Denver cell. The McGill gas dispersion sensors; bubble viewer and Jg probe, were used for measurement. The work showed that the effect on D32 for all frothers can be normalized to the same set of curves when dividing concentration by a frother's CCC95 value. The notion of CCC95 is introduced and is equivalent to Laskowski's CCC (critical coalescence concentration) but more suitable for mathematical analysis and model development. It represents the frother concentration (ppm) for which 95% reduction in D32 has been achieved. Frother concentration was found to be the variable with the largest impact on D32 and is modeled with an exponential decay function that reaches a limiting bubble size at frother concentration exceeding the CCC95 value. Higher CCC95 results in a lower limiting bubble size. It appears that the CCC95 value for a frother may be predicted from its' basic molecular structure using the Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance/Mol. Wt. parameter. It was also found that the CCC95 value for a frother increases with increasing Jg. D32 was found to depend on Jg0.5 with a notional "bubble creation size" at Jg = 0 cm/s. The dependence on viscosity relative to that at 20 oC was a power relationship having an exponent of 0.776, while similarly, that for simulated altitude (gas density relative to air density at sea level)) showed less dependency with an exponent of -0.132. Surprisingly, impeller speed was found not to have any significant effect on D32 across the range representing an 8-fold increase in power intensity and a doubling of impeller tip speed.The overall D32 model, developed in a 2-phase air-water system, shows very good agreement with measured plant data from 5 operating sites worldwide, representing 3-phase (air-water-solids) flotation systems. The Sb- Jg curves produced by the model can be used as a "road-map" to benchmark plant operation as illustrated by a case study from the Lac des Iles palladium mine in Ontario. This approach is seen as a significant development for process understanding and optimization.
Présentement aucun modèle ne permet de prédire le diamètre moyen de Sauter d'une bulle, D32, dans une cellule mécanique de flottation à partir des variables clés de ce même procédé. Cette lacune est significative puisque la flottation est un procédé dépendant de l'aire surfacique (des bulles), le paramètre clé étant le flux d'aire surfacique de bulles, Sb, défini comme étant 6 Jg/D32 où Jg est la vélocité superficielle du gaz. La façon dont les variables clés influencent la distribution des tailles de bulles (DTB) et par conséquent Sb est une confirmation essentielle pour comprendre et optimiser le procédé.L'objectif de travaux de recherche de cette thèse est de développer une expression mathématique pour la détermination du D32 basée sur des variables clés : type et concentration du moussant, vélocité superficielle du gaz, puissance d'agitation, viscosité du liquide et l'altitude (élévation au-dessus du niveau de la mer).Afin de mesurer efficacement la DTB en lien avec le Sb des bulles quittant la phase de pulpe, une cellule relativement grande (700 litres) soit une unité pilote Metso RCSTM de 0,8 m3, a été choisie. Cette unité, qui a un plateau déflecteur interne, produit une séparation des zones de turbulence (près de l'agitateur) et de quiescence (près de l'écume) assurant ainsi que la DTB mesurée est le reflet exact de flux surfacique de bulles quittant la pulpe. Cette démarche constitue en soit une contribution importante car elle rectifie une mauvaise interprétation souvent retrouvée dans les travaux d'autres chercheurs.Les travaux entrepris ont aussi permis de découvrir que le D32 est fonction du Jg 0,5 avec une notion de « création de la taille de bulle » à Jg = 0 cm/s. Le D32 est également fonction de la viscosité à 20 ºC par une relation de puissance avec un exposant de 0,776, alors quelle a moins de dépendance à (densité de gaz) avec un exposant de -0,132.De façon surprenante, il a été découvert que la vitesse de l'agitateur n'avait pas un effet significatif sur le D32 dans la plage testée, soit une augmentation de l'intensité de puissance de l'ordre de 8 fois et le doublement de la vitesse en bout de l'agitateur. Il est postulé que les conditions hydrodynamiques à l'intérieur de la zone agitateur/stator sont celles où le niveau élevé de turbulence à écoulement libre et la fraction de vide élevée (taux de rétention de gaz) résultent en un coefficient de traînée non constant plus bas pour les bulles individuelles, signifiant une force (perturbatrice) de traînée moins dépendante de la vélocité relative des fluides mais avec plus d'effet de viscosité.Finalement, le modèle D32 développé pour un système biphasé (air-eau) montre une bonne concordance avec les données mesurées en usine dans 5 sites industriels, représentant des systèmes de flottation à 3 phases (air-eau-solides). Les courbes Sb-Jg produites par le modèle peuvent être utilisées comme un abaque pour étalonner les opérations en usine tel qu'illustré par l'étude de cas de la mine de palladium du Lac des Îles en Ontario confirmant ainsi l'utilité du modèle, une avancé en soit pour la compréhension et l'optimisation du procédé de flottation.
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Sescu, Carmen. "Experimental and Computational Study on Liquid Atomization by Slinger Injector." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1310163402.

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"Theoretical Prediction of Sauter Mean Diameter for Pressure-Swirl Atomizers through Integral Conservation Methods." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.18734.

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abstract: A new theoretical model was developed utilizing energy conservation methods in order to determine the fully-atomized cross-sectional Sauter mean diameters of pressure-swirl atomizers. A detailed boundary-layer assessment led to the development of a new viscous dissipation model for droplets in the spray. Integral momentum methods were also used to determine the complete velocity history of the droplets and entrained gas in the spray. The model was extensively validated through comparison with experiment and it was found that the model could predict the correct droplet size with high accuracy for a wide range of operating conditions. Based on detailed analysis, it was found that the energy model has a tendency to overestimate the droplet diameters for very low injection velocities, Weber numbers, and cone angles. A full parametric study was also performed in order to unveil some underlying behavior of pressure-swirl atomizers. It was found that at high injection velocities, the kinetic energy in the spray is significantly larger than the surface tension energy, therefore, efforts into improving atomization quality by changing the liquid's surface tension may not be the most productive. From the parametric studies it was also shown how the Sauter mean diameter and entrained velocities vary with increasing ambient gas density. Overall, the present energy model has the potential to provide quick and reasonably accurate solutions for a wide range of operating conditions enabling the user to determine how different injection parameters affect the spray quality.
Dissertation/Thesis
M.S. Aerospace Engineering 2013
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ZUNAID, MOHAMMAD. "ANALYSIS OF AIR AND WATER SPRAY INTERACTION." Thesis, 2017. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/16156.

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In this study, we present energy and exergy analysis of mono and multi droplets shower cooling tower (SCT) for two-dimension (2-D) MATLAB mathematical model and three dimensional (3-D) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model for parallel flow and counter flow arrangements. SCT operated without fill because salt decomposition on the fill performance of conventional cooling tower leads to deteriorate. In MATLAB model mass, momentum, energy, exergy and droplet trajectory equations are solved simultaneously for predicting the exit conditions of water and air. 3-D CFD model has also been used for predicting the exit condition of water and air. The low temperature exit water is required for industrial application to cool condenser in industries, and low temperature exit air can be used for air cooling application for producing comfortable atmosphere indoors in India and other parts of the world. Mono and multi droplet diameters model were used to study 2-D MATLAB model and 3-D CFD model. Experimental data obtained from SCT are used to validate mono and multi droplets MATLAB and CFD models. Mono droplet model has uniform Sauter mean diameter (SMD), and multi droplet model has ten different diameters water droplets for the study. Rosin Rammler distribution is used to distribute ten different diameter droplets in multi droplet model. Parametric study of industrial and air cooling application of SCT are based on the variation of Inlet droplet diameters, water temperature, air DBT, air relative humidity, and water to air mass flow ratio (RLG). The variation in inlet parameters shows significant changes in exit air DBT, air specific humidity, water temperature, thermal efficiency, air convective exergy, evaporative air exergy, total exergy of air, water exergy, total exergy of the system, exergy destruction and second law efficiency (SLE). The results show the thermal efficiency of parallel and counter flow mono and multi droplet SCT decreases with increase in the inlet droplet diameters and RLG, and SCT thermal efficiency increases with increase in the inlet air DBT and air relative humidity. The results also show the model of cooling tower system produces the entropy. Therefore the amount of total exergy absorbed by air is less than exergy supplied by water. SLE of parallel and counter flow mono and multi droplet SCT decreases with increase in the inlet water temperature and air relative humidity, and SLE of SCT increases with increase in the inlet droplet diameter, air DBT and RLG. Parameters of air and water become asymptotic up to 0.5 m height of the parallel flow SCT, so the optimum height of tower should be 0.5 m for same operating conditions. Thus by reducing tower height investment cost can also be reduced.
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Toppo, Niraj. "Determination of sauter mean diameter of four different fuels and their effects on performance and emission in a CI engine." Thesis, 2013. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/4840/1/211ME3194.pdf.

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Spray characteristics play a vital role on mixture formation of injected fuel with air in a compression ignition (CI) engine. The better mixing rate of fuel with air helps to improve performance and reduce the tailpipe emissions of the CI engine. Spray characteristics are generally influenced by engine’s injection characteristics and fuel quality. The physical properties of fuels like viscosity, density, bulk modulus and surface tension affect the droplet size that causes spray formation. In this experimental study, the droplet size in terms of sauter mean diameter (SMD) of different non conventional liquid fuels were studied experimentally and compared the performance and emission parameters with diesel fuel. For this purpose, an experimental setup was developed in a lab scale to capture the droplets of injected fuel at 200 bar injection pressure. The fuel was injected on a magnesium oxide coated plate materials. The droplet size and spray angle were measured with the help of image analyzer. The results showed that as the blending ratio increases, the spray size Distribution and mean diameter become large. For all the blended fuel Sauter mean diameter (SMD) is higher than that of diesel.
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Gadgil, Hrishikesh Prabhakar. "Studies On Impinging-Jet Atomizers." Thesis, 2007. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/485.

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Characteristics of impinging-jet atomizers in the context of application in liquid propulsion systems are studied in this thesis. A review of past studies on impinging jets revealed the necessity of a correlation in terms of injector parameters for predicting Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) of a spray. So, an experimental study of atomization in doublet and triplet impinging jet injectors is conducted using water as the stimulant? The major injector parameters considered are orifice diameter, impingement angle and jet velocity. Relative influences of these parameters are explained in terms of a single parameter, specific normal momentum. SMD of the spray reduces as specific normal momentum is increased. A universal expression between non-dimensional SMD and specific normal momentum is obtained, which satisfactorily predicts SMD in doublets as well as triplets. Noting that practical impinging injectors are likely to have skewness (partial impingement), the study is extended to understand the behavior of such jets. In perfectly impinging doublet, a high aspect ratio ellipse-like mass distribution pattern is obtained with major axis normal to the plane of two jets whereas in skewed jets the major axis turns from its normal position. A simple correlation is obtained, which shows that this angle of turn is a function of skewness fraction and impingement angle only and is independent of injection velocity. Experimental data from both mass distribution and photographic technique validate this prediction. SMD is found to decrease as skewness is increased. This may be the combined effect of shearing of liquid sheet at the point of impingement and more sheet elongation. Hence, skewness turns out to be an important parameter in controlling drop size.
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Gadgil, Hrishikesh Prabhakar. "Studies On Impinging-Jet Atomizers." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/485.

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Characteristics of impinging-jet atomizers in the context of application in liquid propulsion systems are studied in this thesis. A review of past studies on impinging jets revealed the necessity of a correlation in terms of injector parameters for predicting Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) of a spray. So, an experimental study of atomization in doublet and triplet impinging jet injectors is conducted using water as the stimulant? The major injector parameters considered are orifice diameter, impingement angle and jet velocity. Relative influences of these parameters are explained in terms of a single parameter, specific normal momentum. SMD of the spray reduces as specific normal momentum is increased. A universal expression between non-dimensional SMD and specific normal momentum is obtained, which satisfactorily predicts SMD in doublets as well as triplets. Noting that practical impinging injectors are likely to have skewness (partial impingement), the study is extended to understand the behavior of such jets. In perfectly impinging doublet, a high aspect ratio ellipse-like mass distribution pattern is obtained with major axis normal to the plane of two jets whereas in skewed jets the major axis turns from its normal position. A simple correlation is obtained, which shows that this angle of turn is a function of skewness fraction and impingement angle only and is independent of injection velocity. Experimental data from both mass distribution and photographic technique validate this prediction. SMD is found to decrease as skewness is increased. This may be the combined effect of shearing of liquid sheet at the point of impingement and more sheet elongation. Hence, skewness turns out to be an important parameter in controlling drop size.
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Book chapters on the topic "Sauter-Mean Diameter"

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Rocco Jr., Leopoldo. "Disintegration of Liquid Sheet Produced by Swirl Injector." In Energetic Materials Research, Applications, and New Technologies, 133–45. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2903-3.ch006.

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The development of liquid sheets that emerges from nozzles is influenced mainly by their initial speed and by the physical properties of the liquid and the ambient gas. A minimum speed of the sheet is necessary for its enlargement against the superficial tension that tends to contract the surface. As this speed increases, the sheet expands until a main extremity is formed, where balance exists among the superficial tension and the inertial forces. The form and regularity of the sheet's disintegration process has influence in the size distribution of the produced drop and in the Sauter mean diameter (SMD). The initial thickness of the produced liquid sheet is important to determine the medium size of obtained drops. It was observed that thicker films produce thicker ligaments and larger drops. The medium drop diameter produced in conical sheets of pressurized swirl atomizers is calculated according to the thickness of the sheets and in the wavelength for the maximum growth tax.
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Conference papers on the topic "Sauter-Mean Diameter"

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Jawad, Badih A., and Chris H. Riedel. "Analysis of Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) for Fuel Sprays." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37643.

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The spray-tip penetrations and the drop sizes of intermittent fuel sprays were measured by using a modified pulsed optical spray sizer. The average spray tip speeds were determined from simultaneously recorded needle lift signals and obscuration traces. The speeds of a sequence of fuel pulses injected at ∼103 Hz were analyzed to elucidate penetration mechanisms. A correlation that relates penetration distance to time, pressure drop across the nozzle, fuel density, and ambient gas density was obtained. The temporal variations of drop size in penetrating pulses of sprays were measured. The concentration of drops were calculated by combining drop size and obscuration data. The Sauter mean diameter of penetrating fuel drops increased with an increase of the chamber pressure and decreased with an increase of the injection pressure.
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Hiroyasu, Hiroyuki, Masataka Arai, and Michihiko Tabata. "Empirical Equations for the Sauter Mean Diameter of a Diesel Spray." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/890464.

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Naz, Muhammad Yasin, Shaharin Anwar Sulaiman, and Bambang Ariwahjoedi. "Sauter mean diameter statistics of the starch dispersion atomized with hydraulic nozzle." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23RD SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY MALAYSIA (SCMSM 2014). AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4919170.

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Nakachi, Nobutoshi, Masato Mikami, and Naoya Kojima. "Effects of Atomization Condition on Flame Structure and Emission Characteristics of Burning Rich-Premixed Spray Jets." In ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2007-32757.

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Flame structure and emission characteristics of burning premixed spray were experimentally studied for different atomization conditions. Two combustion modes with and without an internal flame were observed. As Sauter mean droplet diameter became larger than a specific value, the internal flame appeared inside the external group flame. The existence of the internal flame was affected by the equivalence ratio of premixed spray jet, too. As Sauter mean droplet diameter was increased, the average flame height increased but the average blue-flame height decreased. These tendencies were same for different equivalence ratios of premixed spray jet. As the equivalence ratio of premixed spray jet was increased, the average flame height increased but the average blue-flame height did not vary very much. Exhaust emission characteristics were also affected both by Sauter mean droplet diameter and the equivalence ratio of premixed spray jet. As Sauter mean droplet diameter was increased, the emission index of CO (EICO) increased. EINO took maximum at Sauter mean droplet diameter of about 60 μm ∼ 80 μm. These tendencies in terms of Sauter mean droplet diameter were same for different equivalence ratios of premixed spray jet. EICO concentration showed low values without the internal flame.
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Xiao, Wei, and Yong Huang. "Semi-Empirical Correlation to Predict the Sauter Mean Diameter of the Pressure-Swirl Atomizer." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62907.

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In this study, experiments have been performed to investigate effects of pressure-swirl atomizer geometry on SMD. Different pressure-swirl atomizers were applied to study the effect of geometry on the SMD. Based on the experimental results, an empirical correlation was obtained to relate SMD with the Weber number characterized by film thickness. Meanwhile, a semi-empirical model which was improved from the surface wave breakup theory was established to predict the SMD of pressure-swirl atomizers. The model provides the droplet diameter as a function of atomizer geometry, operation condition and liquid properties. It is proved that the model is qualified for predicting SMD of pressure-swirl atomizers among wide range.
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Amaro Gutierrez, Jordan, Andrés Armando Mendiburu Zevallos, Leila Ribeiro dos Santos, and João Carvalho. "DIMENSIONLESS MODELS OF INTEGRAL SAUTER MEAN DIAMETER OF THE SPRAY OBTAINED FROM EFFERVESCENT ATOMIZERS." In 25th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2019.cob2019-0523.

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7

Beniuga, Marius Constantin, and Ioan Mihai. "Variation of the Sauter mean diameter depending on air speed at injection in SIE." In Advanced Topics in Optoelectronics, Microelectronics, and Nanotechnologies XI, edited by Marian Vladescu, Ionica Cristea, and Razvan D. Tamas. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2643282.

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8

Sasao, Yasuhiro, Shigeki Senoo, Ilias Bosdas, and Anestis Kalfas. "Coarse Droplet Measurement at the Last Stage Stator Exit of a Four-Stage Scaled Steam Turbine Using an Optical Backscatter Probe." In ASME Turbo Expo 2023: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2023-103378.

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Abstract Size and velocity distributions in polydisperse coarse droplets are important to estimate and reduce erosion damage and wetness losses in wet steam turbines. Diameters and velocities of coarse droplets are measured by an optical backscatter probe downstream of the last stage stator in a four-stage model steam turbine at the rated condition. The droplet diameters distribute in the range from 30 to 90 micrometers. The Sauter mean droplet diameter is about 57 micrometers and the maximum droplet diameter is 88 micrometers. The corresponding Weber numbers are 11.4 and 17.6 respectively in the Sauter mean and maximum diameters. The Weber numbers are generally consistent with calculated values by both Kelvin-Helmholtz and Rayleigh-Taylor instability models. The mass flow rate and number of the coarse droplets is larger in the wake region from the stator, because the coarse droplets might be mainly generated by atomization of water films and rivulets on the stator. The larger droplets in diameter over 60 micrometers tend to axially deflect from steam flows. The Sauter mean diameters are slightly larger downstream from suction surface of the stator. The droplet velocities distribute in the range up to 40 m/s. The smaller droplets have the higher velocities as expected. Mean velocities are also consistent with predictions by the instability models. The measured number density distributions of coarse droplet diameters and velocities with the spatial resolution could improve the accuracy in models for blade erosion and wetness loss from models based on mean or maximum droplet diameter.
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9

Kamimoto, Takeyuki, Haruyuki Yokota, and Haruki Kobayashi. "A New Technique for the Measurement of Sauter Mean Diameter of Droplets in Unsteady Dense Sprays." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/890316.

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10

Danov, Stanislav N., and Ashwani K. Gupta. "Effect of Sauter Mean Diameter on Combustion Related Parameters in a Large-Bore Marine Diesel Engine." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/cie-9048.

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Abstract A mathematical model of combustion process in a diesel engine has been developed according to the theory of chain reactions for the higher hydrocarbon compounds. The instantaneous rates of fuel vaporization and combustion are defined in terms of the current values of temperature, pressure, concentration of fuel vapors, overall diffusion rate, fuel injection rate, and mean fuel droplet size in terms of the SMD. Numerical experiments have been carried out for investigating the interdependency between various combustion-related parameters. Specifically, the effect of fuel droplet size (in terms of SMD) on the subsequent combustion parameters, such as, pressure, temperature, thermodynamic properties of air/gas mixture, heat transfer, fuel vaporization, combustion rate, current A/F ratio and gas mixture composition. In addition the integral indicator parameters of the engine, such as, mean indicated pressure, peak pressure, compression pressure have been analyzed.
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