Academic literature on the topic 'Savai'i Island (Samoa)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Savai'i Island (Samoa)"
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McDOUGALL, IAN. "Age of volcanism and its migration in the Samoa Islands." Geological Magazine 147, no. 5 (February 10, 2010): 705–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756810000038.
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AbstractPotassium–argon (K–Ar) ages on whole rock samples have been measured on lavas from the subaerial Samoa Islands, which form a broadly linear volcanic chain that extends from the ESE to the WNW for about 360 km. The Manu'a Islands near the southeast limit of the chain exhibit youthful ages, with most <0.4 Ma, in keeping with the geological observations. Tutuila consists of several volcanoes, and previous work yielded a mean K–Ar age of 1.26 ± 0.15 Ma for the shield-building volcanism. Upolu, to the WNW of Tutuila, gives a mean age of 2.15 ± 0.35 Ma for the shield-building phase, represented by the Fagaloa Volcanics, with much of the island covered by significantly younger volcanic rocks. Savai'i, further to the WNW, is dominated by youthful volcanism, extending into historic times. In a restricted area, adjacent to the NE coast of Savai'i, previously thought to have volcanic rocks correlating with the Fagaloa Volcanics of Upolu, the ages are much younger than those on Upolu, lying between 0.32 and 0.42 Ma. Considering only the subaerial volcanism from Ta'u to Upolu, but also including Vailulu'u, the volcanism has migrated in a systematic ESE direction at 130 ± 8 mm a−1 over 300 km in the last 2.2 Ma. This rate is nearly twice that obtained from GPS measurements of Pacific Plate motion of 72 mm a−1 at N64°W in this area. However, if the much older age of shield-building volcanism from the submarine foundations of Savai'i is included, the regression yields a volcanic migration rate of 72 ± 14 mm a−1, in keeping with the measured GPS rate and consistent with a hotspot origin for the island chain. This suggests that the volcanic migration rates determined from the age of subaerial volcanism can be considerably overestimated, and this is now evident in other Pacific Ocean island chains. Clearly, the ages of the main shield-building volcanism from subaerial volcanism are minima, and if the older submarine lavas can be measured, these may yield a migration rate more in keeping with current plate motions.
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Stock, JH, and TM Iliffe. "Two new species of Liagoceradocus (Hypogean Amphipoda) from south-western Pacific Islands, with key to the world species." Invertebrate Systematics 5, no. 4 (1991): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it9910807.
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Descriptions of Liagoceradocus unciferus, sp. nov. (from Vatulele, Fiji Islands) and L. lobiferus, sp. nov. (from Malaita, Solomon Islands and Savai'i, Western Samoa) are provided. A key to all known species of Liagoceradocus is presented, and type specimens of L. pusillus Barnard, 1965, and L. lonomaka Barnard, 1977, have been re-examined.
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STIRNEMANN, REBECCA L., MURRAY A. POTTER, DAVID BUTLER, and EDWARD O. MINOT. "Slow life history traits in an endangered tropical island bird, the Ma’oma’o." Bird Conservation International 26, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 366–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270915000234.
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SummaryAn effective conservation strategy for a species requires knowledge of its biology and life history. This applies to the endangered Ma’oma’o Gymnomyza samoensis, a honeyeater endemic to the Samoan archipelago. Now locally extinct in American Samoa, this species is currently found only in declining numbers on the islands of Upolu and Savai’i in Samoa. Despite being endangered, the life history and breeding behaviour of the Ma’oma’o has not been documented previously. Here we examine Ma’oma’o nesting and breeding biology, which are unique among studied honeyeaters and unusual for passerines in general. Ma’oma’o lay only a single egg per clutch and have an extended breeding season that occurs outside the rainy season and peaks during budburst. Allometric analysis of the length of the nesting period of different honeyeaters versus adult body weight showed that Ma’oma’o remain in the nest for a longer period than expected for their body size. The post-fledging dependency period of 2.5–3 months was also extended compared to other honeyeater species. No Ma’oma’o were observed re-nesting after successfully raising a chick, though pairs attempted to re-nest following breeding failure. Despite the extended breeding season, the maximum annual reproductive capacity of Ma’oma’o is limited by their one-egg clutch and failure to nest again after fledging one chick. We discuss how these slow life history traits can influence conservation strategies, affect monitoring and limit recovery.
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Clark, Jeffrey T., Seth Quintus, Marshall I. Weisler, Emma St Pierre, Luke Nothdurft, Yuexing Feng, and Quan Hua. "Marine Reservoir Correction for American Samoa Using U-series and AMS Dated Corals." Radiocarbon 58, no. 4 (August 4, 2016): 851–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2016.53.
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AbstractRadiocarbon dating of marine samples requires a local marine reservoir correction, or ΔR value, for accurate age calibrations. For the Samoan Archipelago in the central Pacific, ΔR values have been proposed previously, but, unlike some Polynesian archipelagoes, ΔR values seem not to vary spatially and temporally. Here, we demonstrate such variability by reporting a ΔR of –101±72 ΔR for the Manu‘a Group—the eastern-most islands in the archipelago—for the colonization period. This value is based on accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C and uranium-thorium (U-Th) series dating of individual coral branches from pre-2300 cal BP archaeological contexts. This figure differs from the previously proposed modern ΔR of 28±26 yr derived from dated historic, pre-1950, shell samples from the western islands of Samoa. Consequently, we recommend using the ΔR of –101±72 yr for the 1st millennium BC in Manu‘a, and 28±26 yr for calibrating dates within the 2nd millennium AD in the western islands (Savai‘i to Tutuila). Until more data from across the archipelago and from throughout the entire culture-historical sequence document ΔR variability, we recommend that researchers use both of these ΔR values to evaluate how the dates of marine-derived samples compare with AMS dates on identified, short-lived wood charcoal.
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Helgen, KM, and TF Flannery. "Distribution of the endangered Pacific sheathtail bat Emballonura semicaudata." Australian Mammalogy 24, no. 2 (2002): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am02209.
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The Pacific sheathtail bat (Emballonura semicaudata) is one of few mammal species widely distributed in the south-west Pacific. However in many island groups its distribution and abundance remain uncertain and these patterns are obscured by the ongoing decline of many populations. Here we verify the (formerly disputed) presence of this bat in Vanuatu, provide the first record from the largest island in Samoa (Savai`i, Western Samoa), and review the known distribution of the species across the Pacific. A number of sources point to a precipitous twentieth-century decline of this species over most of its geographic range.
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Keating, B. H., and C. E. Helsley. "Sonar Studies of Submarine Mass Wasting and Volcanic structures off Savaii Island, Samoa." Pure and Applied Geophysics 157, no. 6-8 (August 1, 2000): 1285–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000240050026.
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Collar, N. J. "Natural history and conservation biology of the tooth-billed pigeon (Didunculus strigirostris): a review." Pacific Conservation Biology 21, no. 3 (2015): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc14923.
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Fears that the evolutionarily distinctive tooth-billed pigeon (Didunculus strigirostris), endemic to Samoa, is close to extinction have prompted initiatives based on incomplete information. The species was widely distributed in forests on Upolu and Savaii from sea level to indeterminate elevations linked to its main food trees, Dysoxylum maota and D. samoense. Its bill is adapted to feed on Dysoxylum fruits although first-year birds apparently cannot do so. It occupies the middle strata of forest but sometimes forages discreetly on the ground. Breeding activity spans March to November, mostly April to September. One nest was in a Ficus at 25 m; other reports suggest similar locations. Birds sing sporadically throughout this period, but their reclusive behaviour, general silence and immobility render detection, and hence population density assessment, difficult. Many, but not all, nineteenth-century writers thought the species was becoming extinct, their reports conceivably reflecting real fluctuations in numbers. From the 1980s, however, evidence mounted that hunting and habitat destruction were seriously impacting the estimated 3200 birds on Upolu and 4800 on Savaii. Two cyclones in 1990 and 1991 destroyed much habitat; by 2000 only some 2500 birds were estimated to survive, and by 2006, when a recovery plan was issued, only 500; the most recent searches suggest fewer than 50 on each main island. Apart from hunting and habitat loss, predation by introduced rats and perhaps cats may be a serious limiting factor in the present century. Preservation and restoration of forests, elimination of hunting and control of predators are all needed, backed by a program of targeted research to establish the distribution of key Dysoxylum food plants and hence elevation limits, to identify any remaining forest areas with high density of Dysoxylum, and to study in detail the ecology and behaviour of birds in any and all surviving populations.
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Snortum, Eric, James M. D. Day, and Matthew G. Jackson. "Pacific Lithosphere Evolution Inferred from Aitutaki Mantle Xenoliths." Journal of Petrology 60, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 1753–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egz047.
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Abstract Highly siderophile element (HSE: Os, Ir, Ru, Pt, Pd, Re), major and trace element abundances, and 187Re–187Os systematics are reported for xenoliths and lavas from Aitutaki (Cook Islands), to investigate the composition of Pacific lithosphere. The xenolith suite comprises spinel-bearing lherzolites, dunite, and harzburgite, along with olivine websterite and pyroxenite. The xenoliths are hosted within nephelinite and alkali basalt volcanic rocks (187Os/188Os ∼0·1363 ± 13; 2SD; ΣHSE = 3–4 ppb). The volcanic host rocks are low-degree (2–5%) partial melts from the garnet stability field and an enriched mantle (EM) source. Pyroxenites have similar HSE abundances and Os isotope compositions (Al2O3 = 5·7–8·3 wt %; ΣHSE = 2–4 ppb; 187Os/187Os = 0·1263–0·1469) to the lavas. The pyroxenite and olivine websterite xenoliths directly formed from—or experienced extensive melt–rock interaction with—melts similar in composition to the volcanic rocks that host the xenoliths. Conversely, the Aitutaki lherzolites, harzburgites and dunites are similar in composition to abyssal peridotites with respect to their 187Os/188Os ratios (0·1264 ± 82), total HSE abundances (ΣHSE = 8–28 ppb) and major element abundances, forsterite contents (Fo89·9±1·2), and estimated extents of melt depletion (<10 to >15%). These peridotites are interpreted to sample relatively shallow Pacific mantle lithosphere that experienced limited melt–rock reaction and melting during ridge processes at ∼90 Ma. A survey of maximum time of rhenium depletion ages of Pacific mantle lithosphere from the Cook (Aitutaki ∼1·5 Ga), Austral (Tubuai’i ∼1·8 Ga), Samoan (Savai’i ∼1·5 Ga) and Hawaiian (Oa’hu ∼2 Ga) island groups shows that Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic depletion ages are preserved in the xenolith suites. The variable timing and extent of mantle depletion preserved by the peridotites is, in some instances, superimposed by extensive and recent melt depletion as well as melt refertilization. Collectively, Pacific Ocean island mantle xenolith suites have similar distributions and variations of 187Os/188Os and HSE abundances to global abyssal peridotites. These observations indicate that Pacific mantle lithosphere is typical of oceanic lithosphere in general, and that this lithosphere is composed of peridotites that have experienced both recent melt depletion at ridges and prior and sometimes extensive melt depletion across several Wilson cycles spanning periods in excess of two billion years.
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Adams, Jenna V., Matthew G. Jackson, Frank J. Spera, Allison A. Price, Benjamin L. Byerly, Gareth Seward, and John M. Cottle. "Extreme isotopic heterogeneity in Samoan clinopyroxenes constrains sediment recycling." Nature Communications 12, no. 1 (February 23, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21416-9.
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AbstractLavas erupted at hotspot volcanoes provide evidence of mantle heterogeneity. Samoan Island lavas with high 87Sr/86Sr (>0.706) typify a mantle source incorporating ancient subducted sediments. To further characterize this source, we target a single high 87Sr/86Sr lava from Savai’i Island, Samoa for detailed analyses of 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd isotopes and major and trace elements on individual magmatic clinopyroxenes. We show the clinopyroxenes exhibit a remarkable range of 87Sr/86Sr—including the highest observed in an oceanic hotspot lava—encompassing ~30% of the oceanic mantle’s total variability. These new isotopic data, data from other Samoan lavas, and magma mixing calculations are consistent with clinopyroxene 87Sr/86Sr variability resulting from magma mixing between a high silica, high 87Sr/86Sr (up to 0.7316) magma, and a low silica, low 87Sr/86Sr magma. Results provide insight into the composition of magmas derived from a sediment-infiltrated mantle source and document the fate of sediment recycled into Earth’s mantle.
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Sasa-Tepania, Latoia. "Waves of identity: Reflections on the terms “indigenous” and “indigeneity”." Te Kaharoa 12, no. 1 (January 30, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/tekaharoa.v12i1.263.
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Throughout my childhood upbringing, the term Indigenous was never once used in my household. I identify myself as a Samoa, Maori woman. If someone were to ask me of my birthplace, Aotearoa would be the first name I reply with before New Zealand.
My father, a proud Samoa man, who acknowledges his village of birth being Papasataua, Savaii born o n the island of Samoa; is how he introduces himself. My beautiful mother, who identifies herself as mana wahine born Manaia, Taranaki. A child of the Whakatutu, Tepania whanau line.
Both of my parents never used the terms Indigenous or indigeneity to introduce who they are, or as a sentence starter to explain their connection to land, sea or people.
In recent years, it has come to my attention the term Indigenous, is not only spoken often in and around my place of study; but also, printed several times within the tertiary provider’s prospectus.
I begin to think; now is an excellent time to explore and look at the relevance, of the term concerning the New Zealand context, field of practice and I as a practitioner.
It is with hopes my findings and personal views, help you the reader, start to think and really look at the types of words people place on you.
After all, who likes being called names. Instead I, myself give the right to a name; then have a n ame give its power to define me.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Savai'i Island (Samoa)"
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Lilomaiava-Doktor, Saʻiliemanu. "Faʻa-Samoa and population movement from the inside out the case of Salelologa, Savaiʻi /." Thesis, 2004. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=775166111&SrchMode=1&sid=3&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1233273409&clientId=23440.
Full textBooks on the topic "Savai'i Island (Samoa)"
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Bier, James A. Islands of Samoa: Reference Map of Tutuila, Manu'A, 'Upolu, and Savai'I. 2nd ed. University of Hawaii Press, 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Savai'i Island (Samoa)"
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McKay, David O. "The Samoan Mission." In Pacific Apostle, edited by Reid L. Neilson and Carson V. Teuscher, 136–86. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042850.003.0008.
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McKay arrived in Samoa on May 10, 1921 and spent time on all three principal islands—Savai’i, Upolu, and Tutuila. During his visit, he toured plantations, humble meetinghouses, and two of the church’s schools in Misusage and Sauniatu. McKay and Cannon were repeatedly feted as honored guests by local tribal chiefs at cultural celebrations, concerts, and dances; received ornate handmade gifts; and were well fed by local church members. Bidding the Saints farewell to the islanders was never an easy task; one memorable experience unfolded at Sauniatu, when McKay felt impressed to turn back to a group of church members and give them his apostolic blessing. In memory of his act, the local saints erected a concrete obelisk. For decades thereafter, May 31 was referred to and celebrated as “McKay Day.”