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Wijaya, Muhammad Ery. "Electricity Saving Policy for Household in a Multicultural Society-Indonesia." Kyoto University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/180444.
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Ma, Daghoo. "The Role of Comparative Electricity Use Feedback at the Building Level in University Research Buildings." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23128.
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University research buildings are significant energy consumers in the United States. There is therefore a need to reduce energy use on the nation\'s campuses, not only cutting their carbon footprints but also saving money. Universities\' efforts to reduce energy use include updating older facilities, implementing renewable energy systems, and encouraging energy saving behavior. This study evaluated the differential effects of two forms of feedback on electricity consumption in two groups of research buildings on a college campus to determine whether providing feedback to energy users has an impact on energy conservation behavior. A control group of buildings received no feedback regarding their electricity use. In the first study group of buildings, occupants received information about their electricity consumption with some electricity saving tips, distributed via email. The same procedure was followed with building occupants in the second study group, who received additional information showing their electricity consumption performance in comparison to other buildings within the study group. The baseline reading was conducted a week before the experiment began in August, 2012. Over the course of the five week study, the daily adjusted average reductions in electricity usage compared to the control group were less than 1 percent for both study groups, with study group 1 achieving an average reduction of 0.2 percent and study group 2 an average reduction of 0.8 percent. Although the reduction observed for study group 2 was 4 times greater than that for study group 1, the saving was not continuous over the study period. Accordingly, the result was deemed to be not statistically significant and the effectiveness of comparative energy use feedback in university research buildings was not supported. However, even small savings in the energy used in university research buildings can be very important in terms of the total amount of energy saved because research buildings use significantly more energy than other buildings on campus such as academic buildings and residence blocks. This study concludes with a consideration of potentially fruitful directions for future research into developing new ways to reduce the energy consumption on university campuses. Master of Science
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Artiola, Janick, Martin Yoklic, and Michael Crimmins. "Doing our Part to Help Conserve Arizona's Water Resources and Reduce Global Warming by Saving Energy at Home." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146290.
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6 pp.Hardly a week goes by without a major news story related to the global and local environment. Every one has heard of global warming and the climate changes being felt as average temperatures rise in most parts of the world. At the state and local levels we have all heard about the dwindling water resources how these might limit the future growth of Arizona. Without electrical energy (electricity) to keep cool and pump water life in our arid and semi-arid climates would become unbearable. What we often do not realize is that electricity production, water resources and global warming are all interconnected. By becoming more aware of the global issues that are confronting us, we will also become more sensitive to local and individual concerns. And by acting individually and locally we can have a positive impact in controlling the global issues that we all face. In the first page, this Bulletin hopes to bring renewed awareness to AZ residents and their need to conserve electricity in their daily lives by connecting their individual actions to local, state and global effects. The following topics will be introduced: Global Warming and its Local Impact Arizona Water Resources Electricity Production in Arizona The second page will be devoted to providing energy saving tips at home by providing a primer of basic electricity concepts, how to measure electricity usage at home, examples of wasted electricity, and tips on how to reduce electricity use at home with little effort or discomfort.
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Rautenbach, John White. "Article: Reducing the electricity cost of a three-pipe water pumping system : a case study using software / White Rautenbach." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/74.
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Efficient control is often the most cost-effective option to improve on the running cost
of a Three-Pipe Water Pumping System. However, the effect of changing the control
strategy (i.e. on energy consumption) is usually difficult to predict. To obtain this
information more easily, a new simulation tool, QUICKcontrol, was developed. This
new tool was used to investigate the energy cost savings potential in a Three-Pipe
Water Pumping System. The influence of pump scheduling, dam level set points,
control parameters and different combinations thereof was investigated. The
simulation models were firstly verified with measurements obtained from the existing
system to confirm their accuracy for realistic control retrofit simulations. With the aid
of the integrated simulation tool it was possible to predict savings of R 195'000 per year with an average 3.8 MW of load shifted.Thesis (M.Ing. (Mechanical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
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Björklund, Lina. "Energy Audit and Energy Saving Measures of a Large Office Building : Bern 9 in Örnsköldsvik." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem och byggnadsteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-32840.
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There is a large potential in making the residential and service sector more energy efficient and the first step towards achieving a more efficient use of energy is to implement an energy audit. In this study a property with an approximate area of 8 000 m2, consisting of a main building and three building extensions from different eras has been examined. The main building and its extensions were built in different stages and the first one in the early 20th century and some parts of the last building extension were modified at the time that the examination was carried out. This indicates that there is a vast energy savings potential in the property and an energy audit was performed. The main aim of the study was to examine where the energy was being used and where energy could be saved. Energy saving measures has been suggested together with a calculated approximate energy decrease and payback period. The total energy savings potential for the measures is approximately 146 MWh. The energy audit showed that a large amount of electricity was being used during non-work hours and that energy was lost through the building envelope. The electricity use during non-work hours was examined during the night walk, however, it is suggested to carry out further examinations regarding the property’s vast electricity use during non-work hours. To add loose wool in the roof of B2 has an energy savings potential of 33 000 kWh/year. Another measure is to clean the heat exchangers, this measure has an energy savings potential of 26 000 kWh/year. Also it is suggested to optimize the operational hours for the lighting by implementing presence control and to decrease the energy use for ventilation by cleaning the heat exchangers. Further examinations that would improve the study would be to do measurements of the electricity and temperatures to get a better understanding of the buildings energy use. Also to model the building in a simulation tool would give a calculated energy loss that is more like the actual energy loss of the building and make the results more reliable.
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Swart, Christopher. "Optimising the operation of underground mine refrigeration plants and ventilation fans for minimum electricity cost / Christopher Swart." Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/339.
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This study describes the development and use of a mathematical model that will enable mine operators to
minimise the costs of electricity consumed by the ventilation and refrigeration systems used for
environmental control in deep mines.
This model was calibrated and tested by using actual data from a gold mine near Welkom in South
Africa. In a first simulation, the mine's current practice of controlling conditions to a wet bulb
temperature (Twb) of 25S°C, was optimised. The model demonstrated that this environmental condition
could be sustained at lower electricity consumption. In so doing, the mine realised a saving of 30 000
kWh per day. The energy saving and load management led to a cost saving of R 1.5 million per year.
However, a better indicator of environmental conditions is the Air Cooling Power index, (ACP).
Research has shown that for hard physical work in hot conditions workers need an ACP of 300 w/m2. It
was found that the case study mine actually supplied their workplace with a cooling capacity of 422
w/m2. The new model optimised the refrigeration and ventilation systems in such a manner that the
workers were supplied with exactly 300 w/m2, no more and no less. It was found that by doing this, an
electricity saving of 57 600 kWh per day could be realised when compared with the current mine
practices. The energy saving and load management led to a potential cost saving of R 2.55 million per
year. (Certain capital costs, such as for variable speed drives may have to be incurred to realise these
savings.)
The new model could be further extended to take advantage of the new Real Time Price offerings from
Eskom It will be able to identify an operating point for the refrigeration and ventilation systems to
supply 300 w/m2 for the workers, in real time, at the lowest electricity cost.Thesis (Ph.D. (Mechanical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
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Govender, Soobramoney. "Energy saving mechanisms in the mining industry : a case study of switching off non-essential power." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/843.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The world today is facing many energy challenges such as power outages experienced internationally and in South Africa. The demand for energy is constantly increasing and is creating environmental problems such as climate change, which is presently a major concern to society. This study is an attempt to establish how energy saving mechanisms such as the elimination of non-essential power can add economic value within the mining industry. This paper examines the effect of non-essential power and how it could assist companies to reduce their energy consumption, aid local power utilities in a crisis and maintain normal production levels. This research report was based on an investigation for power saving opportunities at a mining company during a power crisis. The paper looks at energy efficiency and the barriers to the adoption of energy savings. Companies in general do not have a structured way of addressing non-essential power saving. Companies are not aware of the value such initiatives could have on corporate responsibility and sustainable reporting. The benefits of energy efficiency and nonessential power on the triple bottom line are not clearly documented in literature. When comparing the impact of non-essential power on the triple bottom line, it became obvious that further research is required in order to prove whether it influences the social aspect. The impact of power generation on the global environment has not been clearly calculated and linked to the value of saving power. The literature review highlighted that companies are focusing on long-term initiatives instead of smaller initiatives, which requires less effort. During the investigation of the mining company, it was found that not much effort was made during the design stages in separating the electrical circuits from non-essential and essential power. The author concludes that switching off non-essential power held economic and environmental benefits for the mining company. The author therefore concludes that switching off non-essential power impacts positively on the economic and environmental part of the triple bottom line. It was found that the elimination of non-essential power is easy to implement with minimum investment and effort. Furthermore, the savings from these initiatives could easily be measured to calculate the return on the investment.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ons kry deesdae al meer te doen met uitdagings soos internasionale en plaaslike kragonderbrekings in die energiebedryf. Die aanvraag vir energie verhoog deurlopend en veroorsaak omgewingsprobleme soos klimaatsveranderinge, wat ‘n groot bekommernis is vir die samelewing. In hierdie studie word gepoog om vas te stel hoe energie besparings meganismes soos die eliminering van nie-noodsaaklike krag ekonomiese waarde kan voeg tot die mynboubedryf. Die uitwerking wat nie-noodsaaklike krag het en hoe dit maatskappye kan help om kragverbruik te verlaag terwyl produksievlakke steeds gehandhaaf word, is hier ondersoek. Plaaslike kragvoorsieners kan ook baat vind hierby in krisistye. Hierdie navorsingsverslag is gebaseer op ‘n ondersoek van krag besparings geleenthede by ‘n mynmaatskappy gedurende ‘n krisistydperk van kragonderbrekings. Die verslag kyk na die doetreffendheid van energieverbruik, asook na die hindernisse wat ondervind word in die inwerkingstelling van energie besparings inisiatiewe. Maatskappye het in die algemeen nie ‘n gestruktureerde metode om die probleem rakende nie-noodsaaklike krag aan te spreek nie. Hulle is nie bewus van die nut wat sulke inisiatiewe kan hê op korporatiewe verantwoordelikheid en volhoubare verslaggewing nie. Die voordele wat energiebesparing en die eliminering van nie-noodsaaklike krag op die ekonomie, gemeenskap en omgewing het, word nie duidelik geboekstaaf nie. Verdere navorsing moet gedoen word om die impak van energiedoeltreffendheid en nie-noodsaaklike krag op die sosiale aspek te bewys. Die uitwerking wat kragopwekking op die globale omgewing het is nog nie bereken en verbind met die waarde daarvan op kragbesparing nie. Die verslag beklemtoon dat maatskappye fokus op langtermyn inisiatiewe in plaas daarvan om te kyk na kleiner inisiatiewe wat minder moeite en tyd sal verg. Die ondersoek by die mynmaatskappy het getoon dat daar nie klem geplaas is op die onderskeiding tussen nie-noodsaaklike en noodsaaklike krag met die installering van die elektriese stroombane tydens die ontwerpstadium nie. Daar is gevind dat die afskakeling van nie-noodsaaklike krag ekonomiese en omgewingsvoordele vir die maatskappy inhou. Daar is tot die slotsom gekom dat die afskakeling van nie-noodsaaklike krag in die algemeen dus ‘n voordelige uitwerking het op die ekonomie en omgewing. Dit is maklik om te implementeer met minimum moeite en belegging. Die besparings deur middel van hierdie inisiatiewe kan ook maklik gemeet word om die opbrengs op die belegging te bereken.
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Ferreira, Vasco Guedes. "The analysis of primary metered half-hourly electricity and gas consumption in municipal buildings." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/3268.
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This thesis addressed the need for improved analysis and interpretation of primary meter half-hourly energy consumption data. The current work offers a novel benchmarking technique that was tested for 6 types of municipal buildings. This approach is different from conventional annual benchmarking mainly because it uses electricity and gas data in half-hourly periods, together with outside temperature data. A survey to European local authorities’ metering and monitoring practices was conducted in order to assess municipal energy managers' current procedures and needs in terms of data analysis to assess building energy performance and to identify potential energy saving opportunities. The benchmarking approach was developed considering the energy managers’ needs, but also the state-of the art in terms of building energy monitoring techniques, particularly building energy signatures, and the analysis techniques used on electricity grid demand forecasting. The benchmarking approach is based on the use of a metric composed of several indicators that are related to the load demand shape profile and the building energy signature. The comparison of indicators for buildings of the same type using standard scores identifies uncommon load demand profile characteristics and/or gas dependency on outside temperature in specific buildings. The metric is able to support the identification of potential energy wastage, which is linked to the detection of opportunities to save energy. The benchmarking technique was tested in 81 municipal building owned by Leicester City Council. This methodology can be applied to any non-domestic building equipped with primary meters for registering half-hourly electricity and gas consumption. In theory, this approach can also be applied to residential buildings, and to other short time series data types, for example quarter-hourly or 10 minutes interval data. The main contribution of this thesis is to improve the objectivity of building primary meter half-hourly electricity and gas consumption data analysis and interpretation by using quantitative parameters, instead of subjective visualisation techniques. The interpretation of building consumption data in short time series periods can now be streamlined, automated and perhaps incorporated in existing energy analysis software. This thesis raises questions that can lead to future research projects aiming to improve the metric and also to enlarge the scope of its application to national and European scale, to other building types and to other utilities.
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Kaděra, Jan. "Tepelné čerpadlo napájené z fotovoltaického systému." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413209.
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This thesis provides heat pump usage in heating mode, heating of potable water or cooling mode. The heat pump is connected with photovoltaic power plant. The main aim of this study is to create photovoltaic system connected with heat pump and present the results of an energetic and economic evaluation. The theoretical part describes principle function heat pumps, photovoltaic power plants and components. The study provides as well a description of heating systems with a heat pump used for space heating or cooling. In the practical part of this thesis was performed calculation of energy consumption in a building. Based on this data, has been selected a suitable heat pump. To reduce the energy consumption was designed a hybrid photovoltaic power plant with a battery accumulation. Utilization of electric energy from photovoltaic system was calculated. Solutions provide the option of the energy flow analysis in specific interval. Results are summarized in the energetic and economic evaluation. The proposed solution can be applied for reconstruction or construction of a new building, focused on usage of renewable resources and emissions reduction.
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Goosen, Pieter. "Efficient monitoring of mine compressed air savings / by P. Goosen." Thesis, North-West University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9660.
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In 2011 South Africa's main electricity supplier, Eskom, experienced a peak electricity demand of 89% of their total installed generation capacity. The high utilisation rate makes it difficult to perform essential maintenance on the system. Eskom implements Demand-Side Management (DSM) projects in various industries, in order to reduce the demand and to ensure sustainable electricity supply.
The mining sector consumes 14.5% of the total amount of electricity generated by Eskom. Mine compressed air systems can consume as much as 40% of a mine's total electricity requirements. This makes mine compressed air systems an ideal target for DSM. Electricity load seems to be reduced, but many DSM savings are not sustained throughout the project lifetime.
An existing project feedback method of a specific Energy Services Company (ESCo) includes the manual collection of data from the mines and manual generation of reports. These reports show energy savings of the DSM projects to help the ESCo and their clients to improve and sustain the performance of the projects. A great amount of man-hours is used which results in large time delays in the feedback-loop. In order to address this, the need for a new automatic feedback reporting system was identified.
This study mainly focusses on the development and implementation of a new method to monitor DSM savings on mine compressed air systems. It includes the reliable collection of data from mines, processing and storing of the data in a central database and generating savings reports. This is done automatically on a daily basis. In order to complete the feedback-loop, the reports are verified and emailed to clients and ESCo personnel on a daily basis.
The new reporting system is implemented at a number of mines. Four of these project implementations are used as case studies to measure and interpret the effectiveness and value of this system. It saves a significant amount of man-hours and proves to be of great value in the sustainability of DSM project savings. Both Eskom and mining companies benefit from the efficient monitoring of mine compressed air savings.Thesis (MIng (Computer and Electronic Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Bhattarai, Saroj. "Residential Energy Report Card for University Students for Driving Behavioral Energy Reduction and for Measuring Behavior Impact on Consumption." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1524504087444659.
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Mulder, Ian. "Potential savings when re-instating mine DSM projects / Ian Mulder." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9798.
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The increasing electricity demand in South Africa has lead to a shortage in electricity supply. In response to this problem Eskom has introduced multiple capacity expansion programs. Unfortunately the electricity shortage is expected to continue until Eskom’s capacity expansion programs are completed. Demand Side Management (DSM) is widely accepted as an immediate solution to the high electricity demand of South Africa.
Numerous DSM projects implemented by ESCo’s have been successful, but over the years have not been sustainable. Without regular maintenance from the relevant ESCo, many projects have failed to achieve sustainable savings.
After the implementation of DSM projects, all installed equipment and software becomes the property of the client. Experience has illustrated that some mines did not always have the expertise or available resources to monitor and maintain the projects. As a result the electrical energy savings of the project would gradually deteriorate.
A feasibility study was conducted to determine whether the re-instatement of redundant and debilitated mine DSM projects could be marketed as the “low hanging fruit” of the industry. A key driver for this study, was the fact that costs involved for re-instatement of such DSM projects are generally considerably lower than those of new projects, yet still producing lucrative electricity savings.
Three major mining entities discussed in this dissertation have neglected to realise a collaborative cost saving of R 55,5 Million per annum. This loss of opportunity can mainly be attributed to a lack of maintenance and monitoring of operational DSM projects on their mining sites.
Three DSM projects related to the water reticulation system of the mine were investigated. It was discerned in all three cases that the successful re-instatement of DSM projects are indeed possible, but only when subjected to continuous monitoring.
The maintenance performed on two of the three projects, respectively realised approximately R2,7 Million and R 750 000. This was achieved through the process of load shifting, over a period of one year. Maintenance on the third project realised approximately R1,5 Million through energy efficiency over a three month period.
This dissertation illustrates that attractive savings in electricity and cost can be realised when re-instating redundant DSM projects in the mining industry. It also demonstrates the cost and time effectiveness of implementing such projects, compared to the focus on new DSM installations.Thesis (MIng (Mechanical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Viklund, Mattias. "Risk policy : trust, risk perception, and attitudes." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics [Ekonomiska forskningsinstitutet vid Handelshögsk.] (EFI), 2002. http://www.hhs.se/efi/summary/604.htm.
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Mingaleeva, Renata. "Wind turbines application for energy savings in Gas transportation system." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-149260.
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The Thesis shows the perspectives of involving renewable energy resources into the energy balance of Russia, namely the use of wind energy for the purpose of energy supply for the objects of the Russian Gas transportation system. The methodology of the wind energy technical potential calculation is designed and the wind energy technical potential assessment for onshore and offshore zones of Russia is presented. The analysis of Russian Gas transportation system in terms of energy consumption is carried out when comparing the map of wind resources in Russia with the map of Russian Gas transportation system and the perspective of wind turbines installation is shown in order to offset energy consumption of the selected object of the Gas transportation system. The decision-making algorithm for wind turbines selection is developed for installation on the wind farm. Also indicators of investment attractiveness of the project of using wind turbines for compression stations energy supply were calculated.
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Safarzynska, Karolina. "Modeling the rebound effect in two manufacturing industries." Elsevier, 2012. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3610/1/Safarzynska_Modelling_rebound_effect_final.pdf.
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The rebound effect refers to the phenomenon that energy savings from improvements in energy efficiency are lower than expected due to unintended second-order effects. Grasping specific mechanisms related to the rebound effect requires a good understanding of interactions between heterogonous agents on multiple markets. Otherwise, policies aimed at reducing energy use may render counter-expected and unforeseen consequences. In this paper, we propose a formal model, where technological change results from interactions on two markets: between consumers and producers in the market for final goods, and heterogeneous power plants in the electricity market. The analysis provides insights to the role of technological change, supply-demand coevolution, and status-driven consumption in explaining the rebound effect. The model is employed to compare effectiveness of economic policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions associated with production of consumer goods, namely: a tax on electricity and "nuclear obligations" to produce ten percent of electricity from nuclear energy. (author's abstract)
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OrdeÑana, Ianire. "REDUCTION OF THE COSTS IN A HOUSE IN VALBO THAT USES ELECTRICITY AS ENERGY SOURCE : Study of the installation of a heat pump or connection to the district heating." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-593.
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The analyzed building in this project is located in Valbo, 9016 Stiftelsev 6. This house is a property of Gavlegårdarna, and it is being used as a house for disabled people. The building consists on five apartments, with one patient in each apartment. Some social workers help those patients in everything they need, making their living in the house as easy as possible.
The aim of this project is to find out the best option of reducing the energy consumption in this house. There are some alternatives to reduce the energy or the energy costs as; efficiency measures, load management and energy conversion.
This project is focused on the energy conversion for reducing the energy consumption. As it is the best option for obtaining a considerable reduction in the annual costs.
First of all the energy balance of the house is analyzed. By studying the energy balance it is possible to find out how the energy consumption of the house is divided. On one hand there is the heat supplied and on the other hand the heat losses.
As it was said before this project is focused in the reduction of the energy consumption by means of converting to another energy supplying method. Two alternatives have been studied: the installation of a heat pump and the connection to the district heating of Gävle.
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Wang, Tian. "Effective Thermal Resistance of Commercial Buildings Using Data Analysis of Whole-Building Electricity Data." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1586524438396894.
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Giordano, Matteo. "Energy Savings Potential in Dual Smart Grid Solutions : Are there synergy effects to be found using a dual smart grid system for heat and electricity?" Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-283129.
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Smart cities and eco-districts will shape a new city landscape in the upcoming years, making renewables the only source of energy. They have the potential to cut greenhouse gas emissions up to 99 %, reaching the ambitious energy and sustainability goals set by Europe and the rest of the world. Double smart grids is a 20th-century concept aiming at connecting the current main energy networks as(electrical and thermal) into a unique mesh. It enables the exchange of energy and new options for storage, flexibility, and reliability. The goal of this study is to show the potential energy savings captured by the implementation of a double smart grid on a district and city level, and to quantify energy savings on a European scale. The first chapter of this work aims to clarify the objective of a smart grid, how it is composed, and why it is called smart. It implies a complete understanding of the history of the two grids, digging on the district heating concept as well as the fundamental of an electrical grid. Moreover, an overview of the major energy needs that usually exist in a district has been presented, to demonstrate what a double smart grid should meet in terms of energy demands. Secondly, an exhaustive analysis has been carried out to point out the main technologies available on the market to meet these energy needs. It focuses on all major renewable heat sources and the upcoming technologies expected to help energy transition in reaching its ambitious goals. The same process is applied for the most mature renewable electricity sources, with a focus on decentralized and decentralized structures. Storage options and flexibility have been added at the list since their integration will drastically reduce energy production. This means that, before producing new energy, it is necessary to better consume the one already produced. It is always true that the greenest kWh is the one ever produced. Lastly, double smart grid synergies have been evaluated through an exhaustive analysis of a smart renewable energy scenario, that includes a complete integration of the double smart grid concept, in the first step, and a triple smart grid concept as full-cycle scenario (including green gas networks). Throughout the entire document, several project examples have been presented to complete the theoretical knowledge with concrete examples developed all over the world. Most of them have been developed by Dalkia Smart Building. The results show the necessity to boost innovation and pilot projects around double smart grids and in general smart energy systems, and it will require impressive efforts from government and private investors.
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Seiml, Jan. "Analýza faktorů ovlivňujících vývoj spotřeby elektrické energie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-317125.
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The aim of this thesis is to describe the course of consumption of electricity. One of the feasible ways of description is statistical analysis, which enables to calculate statistically significant factors and their combinations that contributed to the course of consumption of electricity. These factors may be used for modulation of future electricity consumption, and therefore also for long-time prediction. The second chapter discusses the expansion of electricity usage in the Czech Republic from the turn of the 19th century until nowadays. The chapter describes the development of transmission system, development of electricity consumption in the sectors of the national economy, possibilities of using electric energy, and overall balance of electricity and sources of energy. The third chapter presents an overview of usage and consumption of electrical energy in the neighboring European countries as well as in the most interesting countries of the World. The fourth chapter contains statistical analysis. The first part of the chapter details a list of the analyzed quantities of individual consumptions, of the investigated factors, and the analyzed countries. Further, the chapter explains the method of statistical analysis via using simple and multiple regression and its subsequent application and evaluation for the Czech Republic and the others European countries. According to the result, it is GDP that has the main impact on the trends in the course of consumption of electricity. However, it is necessary to consider other factors influencing the consumption of electricity, too, and not rely solely on GDP in terms of long-time prediction of electricity consumption. The fifth chapter discusses the reduction of electricity consumption and savings, which can be both political and macroeconomic result. Quantification of savings is not always unequivocal and any cost-saving actions can lead to an increase in electricity consumption, which can, in effect, be bigger than any possible savings.
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Ravi, Kumar Swetha. "A techno-economic analysis of a residential solar Photovoltaic system installed in 2010 : A comparative case study between California and Germany." Thesis, KTH, Energi och klimatstudier, ECS, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-105187.
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With environmental concerns and energy needs increasing, many regions in the world are promoting renewable energy technologies making use of various policy instruments. Although today the PV systems price is decreasing, which gives it a competitive edge; we see the technology still being dependent on policy instruments for its dissemination. The aim of this study is to research on whether or not a solar PV system is economically viable under certain circumstances. The study analyzes this by performing a cost beneficial analysis for the lifetime of the solar PV system making use of a discounted savings model. The systems being considered in this study are from California and Germany as these regions are leading in solar PV dissemination in their respective regions. The policies that are aiding the deployment of solar PV technologies are varied and thus this study compares benefits from different policy instrument for a residential customer investing in a solar PV system. The research objectives in this study are pursued making use of major concepts such as Grid Parity, Levelized Cost of Electricity and financial methods such as discounting. Further, to understand how the different independent variables such as retail electricity prices, PV system pricing, WACC, self-consumption rate and storage availability are having an impact and how the results change with variation in these variables, a sensitivity analysis is conducted. The results obtained in this study show that a solar PV system installed in California and Germany both make net benefits over their lifetime. When compared, the Californian solar PV system under the Net Energy Metering policy is making more net economic benefits in the range of $ 40,351 in Eureka and $53,510 in San Francisco; when compared to the German solar PV systems under the Feed in Tariff ranging $4,465 in Berlin and $11,769 in Munich. Furthermore the Californian solar PV systems still prove to be more beneficial even when compared to the German solar PV systems under the self-consumption law of the Feed in Tariff ranging $ 6,443 in Berlin and $ 13,141 in Munich. But when the self-consumption rate is increased in the German case, it is noted that the associated benefits increase. The study at hand thus results in the California Net Energy Meter policy instrument proving to be more beneficial to a residential customer than the German Feed in tariff with and without self-consumption. Another important finding made in this study is that despite the German solar PV system making lesser benefits than the Californian ones, they attain Grid Parity before the ones in California.
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Persson, Tomas. "Combined solar and pellet heating systems for single-family houses : How to achieve decreased electricity usage, increased system efficiency and increased solar gains." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4204.
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Siddiqui, Usama Shahid. "Behavioral demand response : A technology to support the smart grids of the future." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-284532.
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Residential buildings are one of the main stakeholders to electricity consumption. As there is fast-paced technological advancement in electricity conservation, the residential buildings infrastructure has become very electricity-efficient in Sweden. However, there is still room for improvement with regards to electricity conservation via behavioral change. Meaning, residents have the potential to reduce household electricity consumption by developing a conservative behavior. The road to such a behavioral development is not straightforward. According to literature, behavioral change is influenced by different beliefs and norms. There also exists a global trend that fewer and fewer people are able to name a single neighbor, and it is aptly called “Globally Connected yet Locally Isolated”. In this master thesis the strategy to achieve electricity conservation is based upon local social cohesion, and the awareness of electricity, at Malvinas – a student residence at the campus of KTH Royal Institute of Technology. The study is carried out at LocalLife – a local social networking service for sustainable communities – implementing a mixed methodology of surveys and interviews. 8 LocalLife users are studied in detail. The result incorporates the most suitable features from the relevant topics that could enable long term change and retainment of users. The results showed that the participants: 1) indicated an increased energy awareness; 2) reported an improvement in local community-life; 3) felt motivated to change behavior to facilitate saving electricity.I detta examensarbete görs en omfattande analys med hjälp av kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder för att undersöka ifall användandet av LocalLife – en lokal social nätverkstjänst som pilot-testas vid Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan – har förbättrat användarnas beteende och attityder kring hushållselsförbrukning samt hjälpt till att förbättra det lokala samhällslivet. Bostadshus ger upphov till en betydande del av världens energiförbrukning. På grund av den snabba tekniska utvecklingen har byggnaderna blivit mycket mer energieffektiva i Sverige på senare tid. Det finns dock fortfarande förbättringspotential när det gäller att spara el genom att ändra de boendes konsumtionsbeteende. Att få till en sådan beteendeförändring är dock inte enkelt. Enligt litteraturen påverkas beteendet av uppfattningar och normer. Det finns dessutom en global trend där allt färre människor lär känna sina grannar, kallad “globalt uppkopplad men lokalt isolerad”. Denna uppsats studerar därför en strategi att spara el som går ut på lokal sammanhållning och ökad kunskap om elanvändning hos de boende i studentlägenheterna på Malvinas väg på KTH campus. Studien utförs bland användare av LocalLife, ett lokalt socialt nätverk för hållbara stadsdelar – genom att blanda metoder såsom enkäter och intervjuer. Åtta LocalLife- användare studeras i detalj. Resultatet presenterar de mest lämpliga delarna från de relevanta ämnena som kan möjliggöra en bestående beteendeförändring öka chansen för att behålla användarna. Resultaten visar att deltagarna: 1) visade på en ökad energimedvetenhet; 2) upplevde en förbättring av det lokala samhällslivet; 3) kände sig motiverade att ändra sitt beteende för att spara el.
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Innocent, Morgane. "La valeur pour le consommateur d'une pratique de maîtrise de consommation : le cas de l'électricité." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0118/document.
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La thèse a pour objet de comprendre le sens que le consommateur donne à ses actes quand il pratique la maîtrise de sa consommation électrique (MCE), au sein de son foyer. La valeur produite par les différentes activités relevant de la MCE, comme, par exemple, éteindre les appareils en veille, constitue un reflet du sens que le consommateur attribue à cette pratique. Nous nous sommes, dans un premier temps, interrogés sur la nature des sources de valorisation et de dévalorisation qui émergent de la MCE. Nous avons identifié vingt-cinq sources qui sont autant d’appréciations ou de dépréciations de la MCE pour le consommateur. Nous avons ensuite cherché à déterminer comment ces sources sont structurées et nous avons pu déterminer que, dans l’esprit du consommateur, la valeur de la MCE se caractérise selon sept composantes. Quatre sont des composantes de valorisation (environnementale et citoyenne, de gestion du foyer, du bien-être eudémonique et des bénéfices secondaires) et trois sont des composantes de dévalorisation (expérientielle, sociale et associée au manque de connaissance). Nous avons ensuite cherché à comprendre comment la valeur de la MCE émerge de la pratique et quel peut être le rôle des différentes composantes (de valorisation et de dévalorisation) dans la formation de la valeur pour le consommateur et dans la conduite de son action. Nous avons pu confirmer que plus un individu réalise des gestes de MCE, plus il apprécie cette pratique via les composantes de valorisation et moins il la déprécie via les composantes de dévalorisation. Nous avons aussi constaté que le sens de la pratique évolue et s’enrichit quand elle s’intensifie. Deux leviers principaux se distinguent : la valorisation de la MCE au travers de ses conséquences sur la gestion du foyer et le bien-être de type eudémonique qui est retiré de cette pratique par l’individu. Le premier possède une influence très forte sur l’évaluation de la MCE par les consommateurs, et le second, dès lors qu’un individu pratique réellement la MCE, conduit les individus à poursuivre dans cette voieThis thesis aims to understand the meaning that the consumer ascribes to his acts when one practises electricity consumption control (ECC) inside the dwelling. The value perceived by consumers associated with the various ECC’s activities, as, for example, to switch off devices in sleep mode, constitute a reflection of the meaning the consumer confers to this practice.We wondered, at first, about the nature of the sources of valuation and depreciation which emerge from the ECC. We identified twenty five sources which are so many appreciations or depreciations of the ECC for the consumer. Then, we tried to determine how these sources are structured and we were able to determine that, for consumers, the value of the ECC is characterized by seven components. Four of them are components of appreciation (environmental and citizen, of household management, the eudemonistic well-being and secondary profits). The three other are components of depreciation (experiential, social and associated with a lack of knowledge).Subsequently, we tried to understand how the value of the ECC emerges from the practice itself. We, also, wondered about the role of the various components (of appreciation and depreciation) in the ECC valuation for the consumer and in the conduct of action. We were able to confirm that the more an individual realizes ECC’s gestures, the more he appreciates this practice via the components of appreciation and the less he depreciates it via the components of depreciation. We also noticed that the meaning of the practice evolves and expands when practice becomes intensified. Two main levers set apart: the appreciation of ECC through its consequences on the household management and the eudemonistic wellbeing which is removed from this practice by the individual. The first one has a very strong influence on the evaluation of ECC by the consumers, and the second, once an individual really practises ECC, drives him to continue along this path
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Chlebný, Radek. "Autonomní dům aneb život grid-off." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220159.
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This thesis deals with energy self-sufficiency focusing on the independence of the electric grid. Basic line emanating project form a concrete proposal for autonomous energy supply system. Emphasis is placed primarily on photovoltaic systems, electric energy accumulation and selection of individual components of such a system. Another important part of the thesis is also an economic evaluation of design variations. The thesis also deals with a market research, and thereof derived benefit assessment of each technology. The accompanying chapters are then devoted to the history of autonomous life style or classification of buildings according to their energy performance.
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TSENG, YI-FENG, and 曾議鋒. "Electricity Saving Practice for Vocational Training Center." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n2u452.
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碩士崑山科技大學
電機工程研究所
106
Taiwan is an island-type nation. owing to produce insufficient energy itself, more than 90 percent of energy sources have to rely on import. It is the most important issue that how to improve energy in efficiency and reducing wastage and losses for government. Therefore, this paper focuses on Introducing Energy Management System(EMS) to mend the electricity consumptive-mode and achieve the goal that energy conservation and efficiency. In this paper, vocational training center is as an example, including administrative district, teaching district, dormitory and so on. For air conditioning, lighting and other electrical loads, analyze electrical characteristic and usage. Through EMS to integrate central air conditioning and heavy-consumed equipment, and with Demand Control technique, remote control, peak demand uninstall system. To find out the best energy-saving solutions and providing a measures for reference in the future.
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Huang, Chun-Yao, and 黃軍堯. "Electricity-Saving Strategy of Industrial Compressor System." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06930025580701663214.
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碩士崑山科技大學
電機工程研究所
104
In recent years, with the development of the industry and demand for construction and expansion, electricity demand also increases. Therefore, the enterprises concern about how to effectively reduce the cost of electricity and equipment. This thesis will focus on factory pneumatic system as research object to analyze, find out any potential solutions and energy saving countermeasure. Through pneumatic compressor system as main method to lead out piping layout integration, air exhaust improvement, filter or drain valve installment,variable speed motor with inverter frequency control. It can also be a blueprint of energy saving for each manufacturer to run their factory with more efficient, lower cost and rise up competence.
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Lee, Chien-ching, and 李建清. "The strategic marketing of saving household electricity-The case of saving household electricity about the livingcompound of Kaohsiung refinery." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75933292517517094934.
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碩士國立中山大學
高階公共政策碩士班
98
Global warming is definitely the most important environmental issue today. In order to reduce global warming, our government has endeavored to economize on energy in recent years and encouraged the people to save energy in daily life. Pursuing household electricity savings is the easiest and most immediate way to save energy in our daily life. The demand for household electrical appliances has increased by a wide margin for the past 15 years as a result of the noticeable improvement of life quality in Taiwan, and therefore the growth rate of an average annual household electricity consumption per person is about 72％ from 1993 to 2008.If we do not actively save electricity, the growth rate of household electricity consumption will continue rising. In view of this, public policy marketing and strategic marketing planning were both used by the author to study the strategic marketing of saving household electricity in the present study. This study has come up with the following main conclusions and suggestions：. 1. To promote the electricity savings program that should definitely describe the core benefits of this program. 2. Use the customer-oriented marketing concept to understand the residents'' knowledge, belief, behavior, obstacles and demands about saving household electricity. 3. Use market segmentation to choose one or more target markets for saving household electricity and focus limited marketing resources on the said target markets. 4. Set the behavior, knowledge and belief objectives and quantifiable goals of saving household electricity, and make positive efforts for the said objectives and goals. 5. Use integrated marketing to communicate and convey the value of saving household electricity. 6. Establish a method for carrying out the electricity savings program and a system of examination and review.
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Tsai, I.-Chi, and 蔡易輯. "Study of Energy Saving Control of Household Electricity Consumption." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02106267807349621341.
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碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
電機工程系博碩士班
101
To improve energy saving of household electricity consumption and living quality at home simultaneously, this thesis investigates strategies of energy monitoring and system control of appliances and develops a remote monitoring and management system by smart mobile devices for household electricity usages. The system is developed based on embedded system and ZigBee wireless sensor module to monitor home indoor environment. The detected environmental data includes temperature, humidity, lightness and movement. IP cameras also installed in the system allow monitoring the status of home at any time. To provide usage for the mobile devices of the different operating systems, the system uses cloud technology to build the site of cloud monitoring. The cloud database is built for the cloud services. Historical information of the sensors is recorded in the cloud database and can be used to schedule the energy saving strategies further based on user’s electricity consumption habits.
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Chiu, Jen-Dong, and 邱震東. "Development of web based Residential Electricity Saving on Assessment Platform." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14112948549983787434.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
電機工程學系
95
With the dynamic evolution of science and technology, people enjoy high efficiency in work and better quality of living. However, problems with environmental pollution and energy waste follow and become a matter of concern for human beings. The prevalence of home appliances and audio/video products has brought us a more convenient life, which, in contrast, has wasted tremendous energy. Also, power generation has indirectly resulted in contamination to environment. Owing to increasingly reduced energy deposit, energy saving draws more attention worldwide and many international organizations and institutions proceed to seek solutions by a number of energy saving projects. As the public lacks professional knowledge about power, it is very difficult to decide to throw away which home electrical appliance. Typically, people don’t buy new appliances until they are old enough for replacement. Therefore, it is important to develop the “residential energy saving evaluation system” which assists general users in saving electricity consumption and lowering electricity costs and indirectly helps the government improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon dioxide (CO_2) emissions. “The Development of web based Residential Electricity Saving on Assessment Platform” designed in the article is a network-based information system. It allows users to inquire about and evaluate different electrical appliances via browser and provides consumers with suggestions for replacement of appliances, information on electricity costs saved and the payback period of investment. Besides, there is also established a simulation procedure for procurement with policy grant programs, which simulates a scenario, where the government offers various grants, and calculates the saved power consumption and reduced CO_2 emissions due to nationwide replacement by high-efficient home appliances for the government’s reference in policy-making.
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CHEN, CHIA-YU, and 陳嘉祐. "Electricity Saving Practice for Senior Commercial & Industrial Vocational School." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/znfs4y.
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碩士崑山科技大學
電機工程研究所
106
To reduce electricity consumption in the campus, Energy Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs, and Education Administration had contributed much effort in recent years. This thesis aims at the outcome analysis on the energy conserving policies made by these departments. Taking the electricity consumption of National Pai-Ho Senior Commercial & Industrial vocational school into analysis, the paper aims to reveal the impact of energy policy on vocational school system. Campus generally can be divided into three territories, classroom, dormitory, and administrative area. The energy conserving policy primarily consisted of active management of electricity, and replacement of old-fashioned infrastructure. Active management was done by establishing real-time monitoring framework of electricity consumption. Infrastructure renewal includes light bulbs and tubes, air-conditioning system, and outdated high voltage transformer. Other measures include using solar energy water heater, and replacing tank-type air conditioner with energy-efficient devices.
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HAO, CHANG KAI, and 張凱豪. "Electricity Consumption Survey and Equipment Energy Saving Potential Analysis of Office Building." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74931444416154041347.
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碩士中國文化大學
建築及都市計畫研究所
96
Electricity Consumption Survey and Equipment energy saving Potential Analysis of Office building Abstract In order to solve the existing office building electricity consumption issues, and upgrade the building saving potential, this research firstly will retrospect the saving measures of HVAC system, and then analyze their electricity consumption through the DOE-2 energy simulation program to find out the potentials and efficiency of each energy saving operation methods. This research would take it as reference according to the energy-saving equipment index and measures from “Evaluation Manual for Intelligent Building”, compare and find out the energy saving potentials of three main systems in details, air-conditioning, Lighting and dynamic System. According to different energy saving measures, I would project capabilities simulations to realize the influences and return rates of each energy- saving potential, which are listed respectively as below, 1. Air-conditioning The existing air-conditioning system was water-chiller controlled, and it was supplied to many offices at the same time and the electricity consumption in each office varies, it would lead to a waste of air-conditioning energy and increase the main engine electricity consumption. Therefore, to introduce VRV、adopting OA demand control with in occupant density、VAV and VWV systems projects the comparisons of potential analysis simulation. 2. Lighting Based on reducing service space lighting power, and to comply with ASHRAE Standard reducing 5 w/㎡ of lighting power density, this research would project the comparisons of potential analysis simulation and find out its energy saving lighting efficiency. 3. Energy management As the sense of comfortable is judged by adequate air-conditioning temperature, this research would compare the potential analysis simulation based on room temperature by adding one single degree C. Through life-cycle NPV analysis, the discounted payback for VAV substituting is 4.0 years while that of VRV substituting is 6.5 years. 4.0 years payback of VAV substituting is acceptable by the building still needs some benefits such as amenity and space saving to enhance the acceptability.
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Kuo, Chih-ping, and 郭治平. "Optimization of Using Low-temperature Groundwater for Electricity Saving of Air-conditioner." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7qsrp6.
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博士國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
100
Urban heat-island effect is the most deeply concerned issues and getting worse in Taipei urban. The heat accumulating effect is also more significant due to its basin topography. The exhausted heat to air from cooling towers that air-conditioner systems using for cooling down indoor temperature also causes surrounding temperature increasing. To reduce the amount of the mentioned heat to the air, this research adopts circulating groundwater as an alternative cooling medium for the air-conditioner. The groundwater reservoir in the Chingmei gravel stratum of Taipei basin is plenty, flowing, and with low-temperature. Deep wells installed for pumping out high groundwater pressure head to reduce uplift force in excavation engineering are very suitable to be utilized here. From the numerical simulation of the aquifer combing hydrogeology, groundwater hydraulic mechanics, heat transferring, the groundwater is flowing with a slow speed. That can dissipate the heat generated by air-conditioning of a MRT station. In-situ tests in a MRT site were performed to calibrate the numerical model and estimate the ability of pumping, recharging, and heat transferring of the aquifer. Furthermore, the electricity consumption of the air-conditioner and pump were determined by a series in-situ tests in NTUST. The test results were adopted to perform the optimization of designing the plate heat exchanger to save the electricity consumption of entire air-conditioner system.
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Lin, Tung-Han, and 林東翰. "Household Energy Regulation: Saving Energy by Setting up a Default Electricity Consumption Limit." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/kxmgv8.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
電能轉換與控制產業碩士專班
102
As global warming and energy shortage issues worsen, energy conservation and carbon emission reduction have become important issues at home and abroad.Therefore, to serve as a guide that promotes the habit of energy conservation for everyone on this island, Taiwan Power Company has implemented the &;quot;Power Tariff Discounts Incentive for Energy Conservation&;quot; since July first 2008 to encourage Taiwan residents to conserve Energy.Based on the need for energy-saving measures, this research proposes an electrical energy management structure that is inspired by the feedback concept.This system will be able to automatically and instantly generate a recommended electric usage value based on the selected structure, related determination mechanism and parameters in hopes of eventually meeting the default electricity consumption limit.In terms of power management, current studies focus on the capacity regulation of a large power purchase agreement.Additionally, without exception, the data for household energy management is acquired over the internet or via an information center where the data acquired only serves as a record and display of the energy consumed. None of the services like instant/real-time regulation of electricity consumption are offered.By using the power monitoring system in this study, the user can lead an energy conserving life hassle-free. In this study, an Arduino single chip functions as the core that reads the power measurement data through communication protocol. It then stores and reads the acquired data saved in an SD card. The related electricity consumption data will be displayed via an LCD screen.Through the power monitoring in the Arduino coding, energy efficiency is achieved.In short, based on the &;quot;Power Tariff Discounts Incentive for Energy Conservation&;quot; the user can first set a target which enables the embedded system to acquire a reference value for the current period.An example for the target would be 95%, 90% or 80% of the energy consumed in the same period last year. After being processed by the abovementioned energy monitoring system, the reference value and the actual consumption value yield a recommendation for the current electricity consumption. This value provides the user a basis for the present electricity use.The user can adjust the load as required at that period of time to achieve power monitoring, control and conservation. This thesis focuses on improvement of SPS (Switching Power Supply) standby power loss and use mircroprocessor with Bluetooth module to realize new monitor function on mobile phone or tablet PC. Currently there are already a lot of analogue ICs are applied at this field. But using microprocessor is future trend and new standby power loss improvement direction can be introduced. Instead of using analogue ICs, Arduino is the microprocessor applied at this thesis as the core of flyback converter. Frequency reduction, output voltage modulation at standby mode and precisely control switch duty cycle are used to minimize switching and transmission power loss. Final experimental result shows that the power loss is much smaller than energy star specification. Besides that, output voltage can be adjusted to enable the converter to output two kinds of voltage. At standby mode, the converter will automatically reduce
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Hamer, Waldt. "Analysing electricity cost saving opportunities on South African gold processing plants / Waldt Hamer." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15279.
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Costs saving measures are important for South African gold producers due to increasing energy costs and decreasing production volumes. Demand Side Management (DSM) is an effective strategy to reduce electricity consumption and costs. DSM projects have been implemented widely on South African mining systems such as pumping, refrigeration, rock transport and compressed air. Implementations have, however, been limited on gold processing plants despite the significant amounts of energy that this section consumes.
The main objective of gold processing plants is production orientated and energy management is not a primary focus. This rationale is re-evaluated owing to high electricity price inflation and availability of DSM incentives. This study investigated the cost saving potential of DSM interventions on gold plants. Electrical load management was identified as a key opportunity that can deliver substantial cost savings. These savings were shown to be feasible in respect of the required capital expenditure, effort of implementation and maintenance of operational targets.
Investigation procedures were compiled to identify feasible load management opportunities. The most potential for electricity cost savings was identified on comminution equipment. Consequently, a methodology was developed to implement electrical load management on the identified sections. The methodology proposed simulation techniques that enabled load management and subsequent electricity cost optimisation through production planning.
Two electrical load management case studies were successfully implemented on comminution equipment at two gold processing plants. Peak period load shift of 3.6 MW and 0.6 MW, respectively, was achieved on average for a period of three months. The annual cost savings of these applications
could amount to R1.4-million and R 660 000. This results in specific electricity cost reductions of 3% and 7% for the two respective case studies.
Results from the two case studies are an indication of potential for electrical load management on South African gold processing plants. If an average electricity cost saving of 5% is extrapolated across the South African gold processing industry, the potential cost savings amount to R 25-million per annum. Although the costs saving opportunities are feasible, it is influenced by the reliability of the equipment and the dynamics of ore supply. This insight plays a decisive role in determining the feasibility of DSM on gold processing plants.MIng (Mechanical Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
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Lai, Yung-Chung, and 賴永鐘. "The Improvement of Power Factor of Large Electricity Households: A Case Study of Enterprise Electricity and Taipower’s Energy Saving Incentive Measures." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rhgvmd.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立清華大學
高階經營管理碩士在職專班
105
With respect to the development of the Taipower company to date, the company has undergone several changes and policy innovations. In this study of an energy technology company as a research field, according to the definition of power factor and the relevant provisions of the Taipower company’s policy, this study explores the power factor incentives to achieve cost savings. This study explains the physical meaning of the power factor and explores the relationship between the energy consumption of the equipment and the power factor. The case of an energy technology company provides data to analyze different power factor situations. Keywords: power factor, incentive measures, electric bill
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Hong, Ming-Hong, and 洪銘鴻. "A Study on Electricity-Saving Impact Factors of Junior-High Schools: Analytical Hierarchy Process Approach." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92917613948417185475.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
資訊管理學系所
100
The purpose of this study is to establish a research model for campus electricity-saving impact factors in junior-high schools. Besides the discussion of relevant literature, this study integrates expert opinions and results from group interviews and conducts quantitative and qualitative researches using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), to construct the weighting analysis of electricity-saving impact factors in junior-high schools. AHP applied a popular method for multiple criteria decision making problem. It provides a method to deal with the confliction among the comprehensive assessment of multiple criteria the decision making, and characterized for dealing with ambiguity or uncertainty problems of electricity-saving impact factors.The empirical survey in this study distributed 18 questionnaires, collected 14. Experts divided into two groups of nonteaching experts and science teachers. According to the research results from our model, the top three factors of campus electricity-saving impact factors in junior-high schools are: 1) the promotion of government policy; 2) the junior-high students’ cognizance and implementation; 3) considerations of electricity-saving cost; 4) the teaching and promotion by teachers; 5) administrative support by the school , and 6) the consideration of electricity-saving methods. The assessment results of extended 18 sub-criteria shows that "the subsidy on each electricity-saving plan" of "the promotion of government policy" was highest emphasized by the experts and shared the largest proportion of 48.6% weight. The assessment items show that "the executive power of electricity-saving team" of "the administrative support" shared the second largest proportion with 45% of emphasis by the experts. The "combination of electricity-saving concepts and teaching" of "the teaching and promotion by teachers" shared 43.3% weight, "the degree of attention of instructors or classroom teachers" of the same dimension shared 40.9% of the emphasis by experts. And the "overall purchases of electricity-saving equipment and electrical products" of "the consideration of electricity-saving methods" shared 40.6% weight, while the "consumption cost of maintaining electricity-saving equipment" of "considerations of electricity-saving cost" shared 38% of the emphasis by experts. The studied results may be used as a reference point for both empirical analyes and campuses electricity-saving plans in the future.
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Pan, Bo-Jun, and 潘柏均. "Intelligent Electricity Bill Saving System with User’s Convenience for Smart HomeBased on Inclining Block Rates." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/reer54.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立虎尾科技大學
資訊工程系碩士班
104
One reason that causes world crisis upon our living environments is the effects of global warming caused by substantive carbon dioxide emissions produced by electrical diffuses of power plants industries and family energy uses of electricity consumers. Consequently, for the purpose of reducing this hazardous aftermath, our aim in this paper was not only to propose an intelligent scheduling system for reducing energy consumption costs for smart home users, but ,eventually, also could provide certain contributions for reducing these global warming effects more. We therefore proposed a framework using genetic algorithms for optimized home appliances energy uses scheduling. Our extensive experiments showed that our proposed framework could not just provide the optimized scheduling for home appliances uses, with the pre-configured monthly energy expenditure limits, but also could still retain the living comfort of the residents.
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LIN，JUI-TAI and 林瑞泰. "Ｔhe Analysis of Electricity Usage and the Monitoring of Energy Saving for the Sustainable Campus." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44948366189306646506.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立聯合大學
土木與防災工程學系碩士班
104
In this study, based on the guideline of the sustainable campus and green university, the current electricity usage of the campus is analyzed, furthermore, the target of electricity saving as well as the monitoring and management of the electricity are studied. We first analyze the current electricity usage of the Erping San and Bajia campus of the Nation United University. The monitor control programmer's method is used to analyze the energy usage of every building to evaluate the method of saving power. Currently, in order to save energy, most schools set up the energy-saving equipment. However, United University trying to apply the energy-using monitor control programmer of KLD Technology Co. for the fitness of power usage. Meanwhile, finding out the reason and improving the lack. Promoting the energy-saving efficiency with the innovate technology of green engine room. The academy of science and technology were moved from Erping San campus to Bajia campus in September, 2010. The other units were relocated in September, 2014. The EUI value of both campus has been changed simultaneously, in other words, the power-using have been reduced in Erping San campus, but significantly increased in Bajia campus. However, the quantities of electricity usage were not matching in comparable. It might be worth to analyze and evaluate the EUI value for energy-saving. In this study, according to the analysis of the energy-using monitor control programmer of KLD Technology Co., the power-using conditions of every unit were explored. In addition, the analysis is used to plot the energy using shape, study the reason of usage and provide the method of power-saving. Firstly, we apply both campus of teaching units and every dormitory room's EUI and EUIP value for the basis of analysis. Secondly, we apply the energy using shape for monitor control's reference. Plotting the energy using shape diagram of each department for the comparison and control is suggested. Meanwhile, strictly control the energy used not exceeds the contract capacity for the tactics of energy-saving. Expecting achieve the goal of campus energy-saving to dwindle the school's operating costs. Meanwhile, for achieve the aim of green university and sustainable campus.
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Breytenbach, Wynand Johannes Jacobus. "Integration of electricity cost saving interventions on a water distribution utility / Wynand Johannes Jacobus Breytenbach." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/14904.
Full textAbstract:
Electrical energy has become a very important and integrated part of the current era. Electricity cost saving interventions, such as load shifting, form part of demand side management (DSM) interventions. DSM interventions have been successfully implemented in the past to ensure reliable supply of electricity during the Eskom peak periods. It has been established that there is a need to implement an electricity cost saving intervention on a large water distribution utility.
This dissertation focuses on the integration of electricity cost saving interventions on a water distribution utility. An investigation methodology, as well as an integration strategy for implementing an electricity cost saving intervention were developed. This study expands on the importance of an integrated approach. It further discusses the shortcomings of the current control philosophies of a large water distribution utility in South Africa.
A load shifting project was implemented as an electricity cost saving intervention on a large water distribution utility in South Africa. The proposed integrated strategy was simulated and an optimised approach developed. It was found that the implementation of the strategy was limited due to process constraints and increasing water demand.
Utilising the large combined installed capacity of the pumps in the water distribution utility and the storage capacity, the strategy was implemented and cost savings obtained. It was concluded that load shifting was possible on individual pumping stations in the water distribution utility subsystems, and could, therefore, be quantified to an integrated approach.MIng (Mechanical Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
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Ke, Chih-Jen, and 柯智仁. "The Effect of Computer Educational Game on Sixth-Grader’s Learning of Electricity and Energy Saving." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05827162310776852371.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北教育大學
自然科學教育學系
102
Energy has been an emerging issue in many counties. How to cultivate students’ knowledge and literacy have been an important, but un-solved task in school education. This study undertook this issue by developing an educational game, “Electricity and Energy Saving”, and introducing that into elementary science classes. The objectives of this study as: 1. To evaluate the self-development computer educational game and the game-learning approach, 2. To compare students’ learning in the cognition domain in energy between the conventional teaching strategy and the computer educational game strategy, and 3. To compare the growth relating to students’ attitude towards energy when using the conventional teaching strategy and the computer educational game strategy. The subjects in this research are the 6th graders in an elementary school in Neihu District in Taipei, Taiwan. There are 70 students in the experiment group and 49 students in the control group. The teaching strategy in the experiment group is the computer educational game strategy, and the conventional teaching strategy in the control group. The researcher used Uebond – a computer educational game developing engine, to design and develop the ‘Electricity and Energy Saving’ course-ware. Before and after the comparative instructions, data were collected by the questionnaires and pre-, post-tests. The statistics used in this research are ANCOVA and Descriptive Statistics. The results of this research are: I.The computer educational group learned significantly better than its counterpart in terms of learning energy-related knowledge. II.The computer educational group learned significantly better than its counterpart in terms of enhancing their positive attitudes of energy and energy saving.. III.The computer educational game, “Electricity and energy saving”, was successfully used in elementary school and it received a highly positive response from users.
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Tan, Long Duong, and Long Duong Tan. "A Study of Factors Affecting Electricity Saving Behavior of the Governmental Offices in Binh Thuan Province." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7sj8jy.
Full textAbstract:
碩士義守大學
企業管理學系
104
In Vietnam, the impact of climate change has become visible in the recent years. Thus, the promotion of sustainable development and the prevention of climate change has become leading missions in Vietnam and over the world. This thesis was conducted to explore factors influencing the electricity saving behavior of public employees in Binh Thuan Province. Thus, the author expected the findings of this study to help improve the electricity saving behavior of public employees in Binh Thuan Province, thus, contributing to the development of the province and Vietnam as well. The author used the quantitative research method in the study to explore the influencing factors. Findings of this thesis showed that there are two factors “Control Solution” and “Electricity Saving Intention” influencing the electricity saving behavior of public employees. The result also indicated that the factor “Control Solution” is the most influencing factor to the electricity saving behavior. The author also compared the electricity saving behavior based on various demographic groups. While there is no difference in the saving behavior regarding the gender, working position, specialized field, age and marital status, the result shows that participants with different education background display different electricity saving behavior.
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Častorálová, Lucie. "Šetří letní čas energii? Důkaz z České republiky." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392622.
Full textAbstract:
A b s tra c t The recent discussion of the European Parliam ent, member states, and citizens triggered the question whether there is s till a need for bi-annual clock shifting from the perspective of energy savings. Employing the difference-in-differences method on hourly data on electricity consumption between 2006 and 2017, the study con cludes th a t daylight saving tim e policy reduces aggregate electricity consumption by 0.35 % in the Czech Republic. Moreover, daylight saving tim e leads to 1% savings on domestic residential electricity consumption. Overall, daylight saving tim e increases electricity consumption in the morning, bu t decreases electricity consumption in the evening by greater amount. We have estimated th a t more than 65 % of to ta l electricity savings attributable to daylight saving tim e arose from effect of the daylight saving tim e on residential electricity consumption. 1
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Tsai, Miao-Shan, and 蔡妙姍. "The Study on Electricity Service Demand and Potential of Energy Saving in Taiwan Residential and Service Sector." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65789988511299369307.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立臺北大學
自然資源與環境管理研究所
103
The Synthesis Report (2014) of the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report pointed out that without additional mitigation efforts beyond those in place today, global warming is more likely than not to exceed 4℃ above pre-industrial levels by 2100, and that increases in anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have been driven mainly by economic and population growth. In order to limit global warming to below 2℃ relative to pre-industrial levels, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) invited parties to submit their Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs), to outline the post-2020 climate actions they intend to take under a new international agreement expected to be adopted near the end of 2015. The sectoral breakdown of final energy consumption typically includes industry, transport, households, services, etc., while the scope of this study covers only the households/residential and service sectors. To assess the carbon reduction potentials of Taiwan’s domestic residential and service sectors, it is necessary to first determine the energy demands for both sectors, then assess the costs and effects of their potential carbon reduction strategies. Based on a thorough review of international literature, the major factors considered while estimating electricity demands of residential and service sectors include economic, social, technical and environmental factors; while models adopted for evaluation include economic models, energy engineering models and econometric methods. Implemented carbon reduction strategies often involved minimum energy efficiency standards/labeling schemes, building energy certification/labeling programs, high-efficiency equipment tax incentives, and high-efficiency equipment research and development activities. In this study, the systematic model was used to establish electricity demand model of residential and service sectors, with the household production function theory and manufacturer production function theory serving as the theoretical basis for estimating relevant variables considered by the model. Variables considered by the electricity demand model cover the social (number and composition of the population), economic (business incomes and energy prices), technical (equipment types and efficiency), and environmental (temperature) aspects, as well as the learning results of the “artificial intelligence metering (AIM)” technology theory. Data used in this study include data from the energy consumption survey on Taiwan’s residents conducted by this study, and annual report of energy audit for non-manufacturing industries published by the Bureau of Energy of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. These data were used to simulate the effects of equipment replacement, building improvements, and air temperature change in 2030 due to the implementation of carbon mitigation strategies. The study results showed that for the costs of carbon reduction equipment, the average equipment costs decrease with the decline in equipment investment cost year over year, with the costs lower for higher installation rate; and the costs higher for residential refrigeration equipment versus lighting and air conditioning equipment. The age of residential buildings as well as building materials, geographic locations and weather conditions are all important factors affecting buildings’ energy consumption. But the cost of carbon reductions vary greatly among different building improvement measures, for example, green roofs has an average carbon reduction cost lower than window renovations or improvement projects for building envelop. For average sectoral carbon reduction cost, the equipment installation costs for the service sector are typically higher than the costs of residential equipment, though with higher amount of reduced carbon. Regarding carbon reduction and measures/programs, the residential sector’s electricity tariff adjustment program has the lowest carbon reduction cost, but also low carbon reduction potential; the energy efficiency improvement program has both the highest carbon reduction cost and the highest carbon reduction potential; and the energy management system has a carbon reduction potential lower than energy saving windows, building insulation and efficiency enhancement program, as well as lower carbon reduction costs. For the service sector, similar results can also be observed. Moreover, the accelerated deployment of the AIM system can benefit the carbon reduction progress for both the residential and service sector. Regarding the effect of carbon reduction strategies, the electricity tariff adjustment scheme and energy management measures can both be considered no-regret policies. Subsequent studies will focus on the relationships between environment, mitigation and adaptation. For example, the interactions between room temperature of air-conditioned rooms, temperature settings of air conditioners and changes in ambient air temperature, in order to assess the effects of integrating climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies.
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Han, Ya-Tung, and 韓亞彤. "An Empirical Study of Optimizing Chiller Operations and Electricity-Saving via Big Data Analytics for High-Tech Industries." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/629mqh.
Full text
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Chen, Yu-Sho, and 陳玉樹. "Using the Mechanism of Environmental protection and Electricity Saving to Analyze the Trend of Energy Consumption in an university of technology." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99300064071436513525.
Full textAbstract:
碩士朝陽科技大學
工業工程與管理系碩士班
96
Abstract On the past few years, the shortage of the energy happened and climate changed violently. After Kyoto Protocol was signed, every country recommends energy-conservation and carbon reduction actively. These things have been impeled compatriots to realize “ The energy-conservation of environmental protection” is an unavoidable trend and responsibility in environmental consciousness. Using the technology of regenerated energy to reduce the energy in wasteing and reduce the energy to strike the environment. It is the goal to promote internationally actively at present. For a school, how to reduce the cost of plant maintenance and prevent the electric energy from wasting and reducing the expenditure of the electric rate effectively. These are important subjects at present. This study apply the projcet in a University of Science and Technology for a case study. We apply data mining to find out the influences of environmental protection energy-conserving effect and analyze to power consuming relevance of trend. Besides, using EXCEL to analyze, draw trend picture and introduce some University of Science and Technology in a growing factor adopt with electricity. Because of energy-conserving countermeasure that answer and the case verifies the energy-conserving effect through succeeding. Research reveals that the energy-conserving effect for an environmental protection is influential to the power consuming trend of the school, carrying out the energy-conserving plans can slow down the trend of power consuming with the electricity effectively.
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Peng, Tzu-Hsuan, and 彭姿瑄. "A Discussion on the Implementation of Sustainable Campus Electricity-Saving Goal And Strategies---A Case Study of National Chiao Tung University." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zm8ymt.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
土木工程系所
101
This study discusses the implementation of sustainable campus in electricity-saving. The campus electricity consumption data of National Chaio Tung University from 2006 to 2012 were analyzed and the cost-benefit analysis was also evaluated. Replacing the equipment of campus buildings such as air conditioner and lighting (e.g., T5 or LED) can improve electricity-saving performance. This study also builds a electricity-saving model to evaluate the cost-benefit and feasibility of an expected EUI value of the electricity-saving target and strategies.
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Belyaev, Alexey. "Application of PV panels into electricity generation system of compression stations in gas transporting systems." Thesis, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-127868.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis deals with problems of electricity generation and saving at compression stations of magistral gas transporting pipelines in Russia. Russia is a biggest country in the world which faces set of challenges like transporting gas in European part from far North. Average gas travel distance in Russia is over 4000 km which means huge energy demand for transportation. Permanent availability of energy at compression stations is the key for stabile operation of gas transporting system. For satisfying those needs external sources of electricity used, or part of the transported gas used on special “self needs electricity stations” for electricity production. In 2012 in Russia about 655 bln m3 of gas were produced. About 10% of that number doesn’t come to consumer, because this amount spent for gas transport needs (biggest share is electricity production). It is obvious, that in order to increase income, company should work on transport cost decreasing and on cheap electricity production. Even 10% decrease in transport costs can give economy in about 6-7 bln m3, which is bigger that production of many countries. In this thesis pipeline systems efficiency and reliability, gas turbines in Russian pipeline systems considered. Analysis of renewable energy included and propositions for reconstruction of CS “Russkaya” with help of PV panels for electricity generation and gas usage decreasing included. Also, economical calculations and sensitivity analysis and technological calculation of PV panels installed included. Finally, proposition in area of principal construction of PV panels in hard relief situations on the Black Sea Russian shore included.
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李豊義. "A Study on Cognitions and Attitudes toward Electrical Safety and Electricity Saving of the Fourth and Sixth Graders in Taipei Elementary Schools." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54650586584570554204.
Full textAbstract:
碩士臺北市立教育大學
自然科學系碩士班
96
The fundamentals of Nine- Year curriculum has listed related indexes on electrical safety and electricity saving for elementary- school students. This study aims to explore the cognitions and attitudes of electrical safety and electricity saving of the fourth and sixth grades in Taipei elementary schools. The researcher developed the questionnaire. The research variables include students’ gender and grade. The amount of effective samples is 1080. The researcher hope this study could offer related information for those who want to teach electrical safety and electricity saving. The conclusions of this study are as follows: 1.The cognitions for electrical safety and electricity saving of the fourth and sixth grade students in Taipei elementary schools are not as expected. 2.The fourth and sixth grade students in Taipei elementary schools have positive attitudes for electrical safety and electricity saving. 3.There is no remarkable difference in the cognitions and attitudes of electrical safety between boys and girls of the fourth and sixth grade in Taipei elementary school, but as for cognitions and attitudes of electricity saving, girls are apparently superior to boys. 4.As for the cognitions of electrical safety and electricity saving, the sixth grade students in Taipei elementary school are apparently superior to those of the forth grades. But the attitudes for electrical safety and electricity saving of the fourth grade students in Taipei elementary school are apparently superior to those of the six grades. 5.The cognitions and the attitudes for electrical safety of the fourth and the sixth grade students in Taipei elementary schools are not remarkably related. But the cognitions and the attitudes for electricity saving of the fourth and the sixth grade students in Taipei elementary schools are apparently positive related. 6.The order of the sources of the concepts of the electrical safety and electricity saving of the fourth and sixth grade students in Taipei elementary schools is: parents or family, TV news, school teachers, websites, school propagandas, extra- curricula books, TV propaganda short- films, newspaper. 7.Among the 1080 samples, 59.9% of those have electric- shock experiences, 39.8% of those don’t. 72.6% of the 1080 samples have the experiences of power- supply cutting, 27% of those don’t.
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Van, der Zee Lodewyk Francois. "Modelling of electricity cost risks and opportunities in the gold mining industry / Lodewyk Francois van der Zee." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/12267.
Full textAbstract:
Carbon tax, increased reactive power charges, tariff increases and the Energy Conservation
Scheme (ECS) are some of the worrying electricity cost risks faced by large South African
industries. Some of these proposed cost risks are not enforced as yet, but once approved
could threaten company financial viability and thousands of jobs.
Managing multiple cost risks associated with electricity consumption at several mines can be
laborious and complex. This is largely due to circumstantial rules related to each potential
electricity cost risk and unique mine characteristic. To limit the electricity cost risks for a
mining company, clear strategies and focus areas need to be identified.
No literature was found that provides a simplified integrated electricity cost risk and
mitigation strategy for the South African gold mining industry. Previous studies only
focused on a single mine or mining subsystem. Literature pertaining to potential risks
is available, however the exact impact and mitigation on the gold mining industry has yet
to be determined.
The aim of this study is to accurately predict the impact of electricity cost risks and identify
strategies that could alleviate their cost implications. Electricity consumption and installed
capacities were used to benchmark mines and categorise them according to investigated risks.
The benchmarked results provided an accurate starting point to identify best practices and
develop electricity cost saving strategies. This study will highlight the additional benefits
that can be obtained by managing electricity usage for a group of mines or mining company.
Newly developed models are used to quantify savings on pumping, compressed air and cooling
systems. To manage and report on the potential risks and mitigation, an ISO 50001 based
energy management system was developed and implemented. The applied and developed
models can also be adjusted to review and manage the potential cost risks on other types of
mines. Derived risk and mitigation models were further used to quantify the impact on one of the
largest gold mining companies in South Africa. These models indicate a potential annual
price increase of 12%, while mitigation strategies could reduce the electricity consumption
by more than 7%. Mitigation savings resulted from proposed projects as well as behavioural
change-induced savings due to improved management. Over a five-year period the projects
identified could result in electricity costs savings of between R675-million and R819-million.PhD (Electrical Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Bredenkamp, Johannes Izak Gabriël. "Reconfiguring mining compressed air networks for cost savings / Johannes Izak Gabriël Bredenkamp." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10854.
Full textAbstract:
The world is currently experiencing major issues in the energy sector. The ever-growing human population, limited energy resources and the effect of greenhouse gas emissions have become major global concerns for the energy sector, including the electricity generation sector. This dilemma caused electricity providers to revise their generation methods and created a major need for consumers to utilise electricity more efficiently. Demand side management (DSM) is one initiative developed for consumers to efficiently utilise electricity.
Due to their high electricity consumption and technical skills, mines are ideal targets for the implementation of DSM strategies. Therefore, the focus of this study was to investigate South African mines for possible implementation of DSM strategies on their compressed air networks. Compressed air networks at South African mines are relatively old and inadequately maintained. This causes inefficient distribution and use of compressed air. The study will therefore focus on reconfiguring mining compressed air networks for cost savings. Cost savings include financial savings on electricity bills, implementation costs and decreased maintenance.
Through several investigations, the possibility of implementing energy savings strategies to reconfigure the compressed air networks of two South African mines was identified. Reconfiguring the networks would respectively entail interconnecting two shafts and relocating a compressor from an abandoned shaft to a fully productive shaft.
Theoretical simulations were developed to determine the networks’ responses to the reconfiguration strategies. The simulations assisted in exposing the viability of implementing the reconfiguration strategies on the respective compressed air networks. Positive responses were obtained from the simulations and proposals were made to the respective mines for possible implementation. The proposed initiatives were implemented on the respective mines’ compressed air networks. After implementation of the interconnection strategy, a consecutive three-month performance assessment period commenced to prove the viability of the proposed savings. An average power saving of 1 700 kW was achieved during the performance assessment period. The proposed initiative to relocate the compressor is currently being implemented.
A financial saving of approximately R8.9 million per annum was achieved by implementing the interconnection strategy. The large financial saving was due to the utilisation of the mine’s salvaged equipment. Further savings were achieved by the decreased maintenance on the mine’s compressors. Due to the successful implementation of the interconnection strategy, it is safe to state that cost savings can be achieved by reconfiguring mining compressed air networks.MIng (Mechanical Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014