Academic literature on the topic 'Saving money tips'

Introduction Though the cultural factors that may contribute to the diabetes epidemic in First Nations are frequently discussed, little is known about the factors that may help prevent it. In this ethnonursing study, we explore the cultural factors that help maintain health behaviours in Algonquin women who had received a diagnosis of gestational diabetes 2 to 10 years before this study. Methods The data were collected in two Algonquin communities through semi-structured interviews with key informants (n = 7) and general informants (n = 8) and through cultural immersion, with detailed observations being recorded into logbooks. Results The cultural factors that are likely to affect the prevention of diabetes are the importance of family and social ties, the possibility of preserving cultural values, the opportunity to learn behaviours through educational resources adapted to needs and culture, the chance of saving money through better diet and access to blood sugar data as a means of control. Conclusion In the long term, these cultural factors could influence health behaviours and thus help prevent type 2 diabetes.

Times have changed and seasons have changed. I remember with nostalgia the cool December mornings of my childhood, the predictable rains, the smell of clean air in open city spaces, and the sight of stars in the evening sky. There were fewer cars on the road then, travel time was much faster, and there were more rice fields to be seen by the road as one left the city limits. How different things are now. How amazingly fast have changes happened in one lifetime. Where the trees and cogon fields once were, buildings now stand. The city is immersed in a soup of soot and chemicals. The sky is grey and, sometimes, light brown. So many vehicles clog the city’s thoroughfares. My eyes tear with the chemicals in the air. The heat is worrisome. I have to deal with a chronic cough that improves with asthma medications or disappears whenever I leave the city for a cleaner environment. My sense of smell has greatly declined with the increased time and frequency of my driving through the city roads. Worst, the wonderful December mornings that heralded the coming of Christmas are gone… they have been gone for a long time. Is this what I want to bequeath to my children? Is this what you want for the generations to come? Are we going to fail as the previous generations have? What is it going to take to save our environment and avert climate change? Acting in numbers often gets results faster than acting alone. On my own, I have been trying to make a difference but, now, I look to the specialty society that I belong to as a vehicle for greater change. As more and more people are realizing the urgency of actions to save the environment that sustains us, I am sure that there are members in the Philippine Society of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (PSO-HNS) who are willing to commit themselves to actions and lifestyle changes for a safe planet. The PSO-HNS is ideally positioned to make a difference. Spread throughout the country, we, its members, see patients who suffer from environmentally influenced and lifestyle influenced illnesses. Thus, we know what effects worsening climate conditions can have on health. We are in a position, not just to prescribe appropriate medications, but also to reach out and give meaningful advice. To give convincing advice to patients, we must start with ourselves. Seventeen years ago, I began a journey that I ask my colleagues to now take. To decrease garbage and lessen wastage, I began to segregate my garbage into dry paper products, tin and aluminum products, glass and recyclable plastic products, dry non-recyclable items, organic material, and wet non-recyclable materials. I would bring my newspapers, dry paper products, glass and plastic items, old rubber tires, and old car batteries to a junk shop. Later on, I would not have to do this anymore since garbage men and other individuals would come to the house to pick up the items that they could sell for recycling. The wet garbage went into my garden soil and into a composting drum. Even now, I re-use envelopes, gift wrappers, ribbons, and papers with print on only one side. I use baskets, not plastic bags when I buy my fruits and vegetables at the organic market. I bring my own stainless steel and glass food containers when I buy cooked food in the same market. To decrease the amount of chemicals that seep back into the environment, I refrain from the use of chemical sprays and artificial scents at home. I do not use chemicals in my garden. I don’t burn garbage. I don’t use diesel as a fuel. I regularly maintain my vehicles to keep them running efficiently. I plan my trips to lessen my contribution to air pollution. I support and patronize organic food growers as well as producers of natural products. I have greatly decreased my family’s use of plastic food containers. Every chance I have, I encourage people to minimize their use of chemicals, plastic and styrofoam. Knowing that the earth’s resources are used inefficiently with meat-centered diets, I eat more vegetables than meat. After all, it does not make sense to use so much land and energy to plant crops for feeding cows when we could use the land to plant vegetables and fruit-bearing trees for direct human consumption! As we develop ourselves into role models, it shall become easier to talk about environmental concerns to those around us. The PSO-HNS must make a stand on threats to the environment and the need to actively address the problem of climate change. It must make this stand public. Then it must affiliate itself with other groups that are committed to saving the environment. The Society could launch information campaigns on the interconnections of environment, lifestyle and otorhinolaryngologic health. It could tap its own members as speakers or initiate joint projects with other like-minded organizations. In the early 90’s, I organized a symposium in my hospital with air pollution as the topic. The speakers were specialists and non-doctors who were knowledgeable about the subject matter. Even at that time, the increased appreciation for environmental discussions was obvious with so many people in the audience. The interest that information campaigns would generate now would definitely be greater! The Society could raise funds and sponsor activities that increase environmental awareness and create positive results for the environment. How about raising money with a fun run or fun walkathon in the La Mesa Dam Nature Reserve? Why not a Doctors on Bikes event to underscore the significance of fuel-less travel? Or a Doctors Go Organic Festival? Perhaps a Mahabang Buhay sa Gulay activity? We could also do a Tulong sa Ilong, Tulong sa Kapaligiran mission wherein giving medical help is coupled with lectures on lifestyle and environment. We could collate and publish the contents of our environment and lifestyle lectures and sell these or give away to patients. We could incorporate environment games in our Society sportsfest during conventions. We could come up with PSO-HNS Recipes (For Health of Self and Health of Environment), Nose-Friendly Natural Aromatherapy Oils, Ear-Friendly Biodegradable Cotton Tips, and Recyclable Masks and sell these in our clinics, at conventions and in organic markets. In the PSO-HNS office as well as PSO-HNS conventions, the commitment to the environment must be evident. The use of long-lasting low wattage lights, recycled paper, natural soaps and scents, prudent use of electricity, and environmental posters on the walls will strengthen the Society’s image as a champion for the planet. During conventions, pharmaceuticals may be required to use only recyclable, non-glossy fliers and posters. These same companies may be reminded to refrain from giving away non-recyclable souvenirs. The convention bag should be made of natural, not synthetic, material. Certificates of attendance should be given only to those who need them. Clothing made from natural materials should be encouraged. Meals may focus more on salads, grains, vegetables and fruits and less on meats. After starting with ourselves and reaching out to others, the PSO-HNS could go international! Strengthened by local experience, the Society could embark on international pro-environment activities in coordination with otorhinolaryngology organizations in other countries. The PSO-HNS, having interests in health, science, and otorhinolaryngology, has great potential to be an agent for change. I hope my passion for nature shall become its collective passion too. This society is blessed with intelligent, highly skilled, creative, and similarly abled individuals capable of using its influence and resources to make a significant contribution towards saving the environment. My cool December mornings may never come back, but the PSO-HNS can still help avert the slide towards planet disaster!

Introduction. The study of the problem of international labor migration in Ukraine indicates the need for strategic planning and creation of such a state economic policy that would take into account as much as possible the interests of the country, its absolute and comparative advantages, and also approach to world standards. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze the global trends of migration flows and the peculiarities of international labor migration in Ukraine in order to determine the priority directions of their regulation. Results. In this article the issue of regulation of international labor migration in Ukraine are investigated. The principles are analyzed and the main objectives of the Concept of the State Migration Policy in Ukraine (ensuring sustainable socio-economic and demographic development; satisfaction of the needs of the country’s economy in the human resources of the proper quality and in sufficient quantity; reduction of population losses due to emigration; protection of rights and interests of Ukrainian migrants abroad, development of close ties with them, use of the potential of diasporas in the interests of Ukraine’s development; the return of migrant workers, the creation of attractive conditions for the use of their currency savings in small and medium-sized enterprises, agriculture, housing construction, etc.; promotion of the repatriation of ethnic Ukrainians and their descendants, who come from other nationalities in Ukraine, that is, close to the language and culture of the population; a metered expansion of the admission of certain categories of economic immigrants on a temporary basis, the development of mechanisms that would enable, in accordance with certain criteria, the conversion of their temporary status into permanent; the attraction and effective use of private money transfers sent by migrants; adaptation of foreign migrants to socio-economic conditions in Ukraine, prevention of racism and xenophobia) are specified. Positive and negative effects of money transfers of migrants to Ukraine are presented. It is substantiated that the use of electronic payment systems (PayPal, WebMoney) will be an effective tool for reducing the cost of transfer. The experience of Poland in the sphere of regulation of immigration flows has been analyzed and it has been shown that its migration policy after the entry into the EU was aimed at the active involvement of emigrants, primarily from Ukraine and Belarus. The complex of directions on regulation of international labor migration has been formed and the tools of their implementation have been developed. Conclusion. Improving the tools of the state migration policy in Ukraine lies in the implementation of a more stringent immigration policy; attraction of labor migrants ready to invest in the economy of the country and foreign students on a paid basis; increasing the level of adaptation of international immigrants; the reduction of emigration (especially young people), the attraction of private money transfers and their implementation into the economy of Ukraine and the regulation of foreign employment of Ukrainian citizens.

Abstract.PERCEPTION OF FINANCIAL TOPICS IN BACHILLERATO STUDENTS AS ELEMENT OF INCLUSION. AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN THE REGION OF VERACRUZThis study presents a global agenda subject that is an element of financial inclusion, analyzing the perception of high school students towards financial topics such as income, money management, savings and investment and expense and credit. Also, the construct of the identified variables perception is analyzed in the existing literature, where each variable gives its own indicators to study the perception of the students in the region of Veracruz. An exploratory factor analysis is applied to identify the factorial weight of each component, which grouped show that there are two components that explain the study phenomenon. The result, leads us to believe that the students have an expectation of what their future economic income will be in terms of the remuneration expected to be gained as a result of their job. They consider that the formal education that they will attain in the high school and college academic levels is closely related to the sort of income by wages and salaries that they may be able to earn on the long-term.Keyword: financial subject, financial inclusion, financial educationResumen.El presente estudio expone un tema de agenda mundial que esta como elemento de la inclusión financiera, se analiza la percepción de los estudiantes de educación media superior hacia tópicos financieros, tales como ingreso, administración del dinero, ahorro e inversión y gasto y crédito. Se analizan el constructo de percepción con las variables inidentificadas en la literatura existente, en donde cada variable arroja indicadores propios para analizar la percepción de los estudiantes de la región de Veracruz. Se realiza un análisis factorial exploratorio para identificar el peso factorial de cada componente, en donde agrupados al final arroja dos componentes que explican el fenómeno de estudio. El resultado nos lleva a pensar que el estudiante tiene una expectativa de lo que serían sus ingresos económicos a futuro en términos de la remuneración que espera obtener como resultado de su trabajo. Consideran que la educación formal que obtendrán en el nivel académico de bachillerato y profesional, está muy relacionada al tipo de ingresos por sueldos y salarios que puedan tener a largo plazo.Palabras clave: tópicos financieros, inclusión financiera, educación financiera

Purpose This study aims to explore the dual identity role of joint gift-giving among adolescents. Studying this phenomenon through the lens of impression management theory enabled us to analyze private and group motives, drivers of these motives (givers’ public self-consciousness and self-monitoring and group cohesiveness) and the influence of group motives on the joint process. The characteristics of the joint process reflect a mutual social activity that enables adolescents to strengthen social group ties and define and nurture group identity. This research showed how a mutual consumer process, specifically, joint gift-giving, enhances the outcomes of social resources by defining groups’ mutual extended selves. Design/methodology/approach In this study, quantitative tools were used. Selection of constructs for the study was based on a literature review and existing qualitative research. To test the validity and the reliability of the scales, a convenience sample of 103 adolescents (13 to 16 years old) was used in a pre-test survey. In the main study, a convenience sample of 129 adolescences was used. Self-report questionnaires were distributed to adolescents (aged 13-16 years). The survey included scales covering private and group motives for joint gift-giving, givers’ personality, group cohesiveness and the characteristics of the joint process. Findings Givers’ public self-consciousness and self-monitoring were positively related to the motivation to engage in joint gift-giving to facilitate the development of desired private identities. High public self-consciousness and self-monitoring givers were motivated to enhance their private role in the group task and managed their impression among multiple audiences. We found that high-cohesiveness groups were motivated to nurture and strengthen social resources through joint gift-giving. Engaging in joint gift-giving is motivated not only by functional motives (e.g. saving money) but also by social motives that strengthen a group’s extended-self and social resources that all members enjoy. Research limitations/implications Although gift-giving is a three-stage process per gestation presentation and reformulation stage, the current study explored joint gift-giving behavior only in the gestation stage. Future research should include the other two stages. Also the current research concentrated on adolescents. Exploring joint gift-giving among adults is recommended as well. Comparing the two age groups should allow a better understanding of the special characteristics of adolescents and adults. Additionally, other personality characteristics could affect givers private identity in the group task and other group characteristics such as group size gender of members and group context in the workplace could affect identity. Practical implications This research can provide marketers with a deeper understanding of the joint gift-giving process. For example, marketers should recognize that joint gift-giving involves adolescent groups’ time-consuming activities in the joint process, i.e. gift selection effort, making handmade gifts and putting special efforts in gift appearance that enable them to define and nurture their group identity. Social implications Parents and educators should recognize the importance of social identity dual role in participating in joint gift-giving. Hence, we recommend them to encourage adolescents to participate in this joint consuming process to enable them to protect and define their identity. Originality/value Adolescents are an important market segment with unique cognitive, social and personality processes. While these processes have been explored in several consumer behavior studies, adolescents’ gift-giving has been largely ignored in the literature. This study contributes to an understanding of the drivers of private and group joint gift-giving motives, how sense of belonging and group identity are reflected in the social dynamics of joint gift-giving and how adolescents manage group and private impressions in the eyes of a single receiver and in the eyes of multiple peers participating in the group task.

The 100%-Money plan advocated by Fisher (1936) has a Misesian flavor as it aims at mitigating intertemporal discoordination by reducing (i) the discrepancy between investment and voluntary savings, and (ii) the manipula­ tion of interest rates by monetary injections. Recent proposals to adopt the 100% reserve banking system, such as the Chicago Plan Revisited by Benes and Kumhof (2013) or the Limited Purpose Banking by Kotlikoff (2010), take, however, a fundamentally different attitude towards the role of the central bank in the credit market and ignore that intertemporal discoordination arises inde­ pendently from whether the credit expansion is financed by the creation of outside or inside money. These plans allow the central bank to inject outside money into the credit market and to effectively lower interest rates in negative territory in order to overcome the limit that the liquidity trap sets to credit expan­ sion in the fractional reserve system. Although such an attempt may succeed in stimulating the economy in the short run, it exacerbates intertemporal discoor­ dination and weakens economic stability in the long run. Key words: monetary systems, 100% reserve banking, Chicago Plan, Austrian Business Cycle Theory. JEL Classification: E30, E42, E58, B53. Resumen: El plan «dinero 100%» defendido por Fisher (1936) tiene connotacio­ nes misianas en el sentido en que tiene como objetivo mitigar la descoordinación intertemporal reduciendo (i) la diferencia entre la inversión y el ahorro voluntario y (ii) la manipulación de los tipos de interés a través de inyecciones de dinero. Las recientes propuestas para adoptar un sistema de coficiente de reservas ban­ carias del 100%, tales como el Chicago Plan Revisited de Benes y Kumhof (2013) o el Limited Purpose Banking de Kotlikoff (2010), toman, sin embargo, una actitud esencialmente diferente hacia el papel del banco central en el mercado de cré­ dito, e ignora que la descoordinación intertemporal surge independientemente de si la expansión crediticia se financia mediante la creación de dinero desde dentro (inside money) o fuera (outside money). Estos planes permiten al banco central inyectar dinero desde fuera en el mercado de crédito y reducir los tipos de interés de manera efectiva en valores negativos con el fin de superar el límite que establece la trampa de la liquidez a la expansión del crédito en el sistema de reserva fraccionaria. Aunque tal intento puede tener éxito a la hora de esti­ mular la economía en el corto plazo, acentúa la descoordinación intertemporal y debilita la estabilidad económica a largo plazo. Palabras clave: Sistemas monetarios, banca de reserva del 100%, Plan Chica­ go, teoría austriaca del ciclo económico. Clasificación JEL: E30, E42, E58, B53.

In this publication we provide tips to help strengthen personal finances in a crisis situations. It should be noted that as part of state programs aimed at increasing financial literacy, it is especially important to monitor the literacy and quality control of financial activity of the population in terms of combating various forms of financial fraud targeting people’s savings. Improving financial literacy of the population is one of the main ways to improve the management of personal finances, which does not require significant costs. We analyzed the research of both foreign and domestic scientists on these matters. Household financial planning should begin with the planning and compilation of a personal budget or a family budget. Optimization of personal expenses after their detailed analysis is rationalization. Rationalization of personal expenses should be carried out on the basis of research of current and perspective needs of the individual to define the unnecessary expenses and search for the ways to save purchasing certain groups of goods or services. Helping to control and eliminate emotional purchases, thereby minimizing the impact of inflation on own costs. Low financial literacy of consumers of retail financial services, the presence of asymmetric information in the relationship between providers and consumers of the services in the financial market create favorable conditions for various abuses and financial crimes. The concept of financial inclusion is considered, which in our opinion is a driver of economic growth and an important factor of social equality in the modern world. Central banks and other financial market regulators, international organizations, and other market players have emphasized the importance of financial inclusion in recent decades. We have selected a list of basic tips from financial advisors on managing and planning personal finances. In Ukraine, more than a third of the population remains outside the financial system. This indicates their separation from the economy of the state and society as a whole, lower level of efficiency of money management and financial security. The vocation of financial scientists is to bring to the public the basics of financial awareness and help solve many issues that arise, both in personal finance and at the state level.