Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Savoir africain'
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Steinbach-Hüther, Ninja. "La circulation du savoir africain : présence et reception de la littérature académique africaine en Allemagne et en France." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE088.
Full textEven though international interconnectedness and globalization evoke the idea of being able to produce and receive knowledge equally all over the world, the maps of knowledge are unevenly distributed on a global scale. My dissertation project analyses this phenomenon by examining the trilateral, multidimensional transfer of African academic literature to Germany and France since the 1950s.The research interest of this project is to determine and organize the entire spectrum of publications from the social sciences and the humanities written by African authors and published in German and French publishing houses. The quantitative analysis on a macro level is based on already existing qualitative studies in the field. The quantitative analysis and the classification of the results give valuable knowledge about continuities and discontinuities in the publication of African academic literature over the span of six decades (1950-2012). The research further examines and elaborates upon geographical, thematic, and temporal profiles of the publishing houses as well as their personal, editorial, and linguistic preferences. By means of collecting, filtering, processing, and visualizing the data, it is possible to find out what kind of “academic Africa” has finally reached the two national book markets. This approach helps to identify new hypotheses and interpretations concerning the circulation of African knowledge in general through the specific example of academic literature from the social sciences and the humanities. Providing important theoretical and practical approaches for this project, the concept of cultural transfers is an established approach for analysing cultural border crossings between countries and regions. The methodological approach combines different methods and, for the data processing, includes examples from the digital humanities to realize an all-embracing reconstruction of the entire transfer process in both a quantitative and qualitative sense
Chavoz, Ninon. "La tentation encyclopédique dans l'espace francophone africain : des documentations coloniales aux glossaires contemporains." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA090.
Full textAs it induces a long-term study embracing both imperial literature and contemporary glossaries, the evocation of an encyclopaedic temptation aims to examine a heuristic continuum between colonial and postcolonial eras. It highlights the evolution of a specific scholarly discourse, characterized by an overarching position of classification as well as a predilection for the “cultural inventory” of the unknown. If encyclopaedism thus allows to nourish the epistemological analysis of "africanism" and to question the modalities of its “undisciplined” adaptations, we shall essentially consider it as a tool for the analysis of plastic and literary forms – especially as a point of entry to what Bernard Mouralis called “counter-literatures”. The attention paid to encyclopaedic temptations experienced by Paul Hazoumé, Georges Ngal and Frédéric Bruly Bouabré, but also by Théodore Monod, Alain Mabanckou or Hassan Musa, allows to re-read these works as the expression of a porosity between knowledge and creation. Combining the exercise of the scholarly quotation with a speculative impetus towards the future, the encyclopaedia sets the hypothesis of a flattening perspective allowing the free juxtaposition of heterogeneous elements. In a context of agonistic rivalry surrounding postcolonial knowledge, it offers a leveled and pacified encounter space, the painful setback of which is embodied by marginal and contested encyclopaedic figures. Staging a labile knowledge and a hypertrophied individual, encyclopaedism is indeed a phenomenon of our time and therefore offers a common ground for contemporary French and Francophone literatures
Laghzaoui, Ghizlaine Asmaâ. "L'initiation dans la littérature africaine : savoir, représentation, écriture." Lille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL30014.
Full textThe initiation theme is modified when it iq taken in charge by the writing. We certainly can recognize the initiatory scenario in its whole in the narration. Nevertheless, it seems that the writing vocation is at variance with the initiation one. In fact the ritual order of the transition between the childhood to the adult age is modified : the inversion wich affects it, leads to an unconfessed request of the childhood and the lost heaven. That is why the writing tries to rehabilitate in a hidden way a female face repressed for too long time. The myth request and the oral speech are only a meaning to refind the request of the mother. Therefore, more than a rebirth, it is basically an "inside birth" that the initiation claims throught the african literature
Bousbina, Saïd. "Un siècle de savoir islamique en Afrique de l'ouest (1820-1920)." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010621.
Full textThe Tijaniyya order was founded by Ahmad Al-Tijani around 1781 in the algerian south. Ever since then, this order has spread in all directions amongst the muslim world. However, the most dramatic propagation of the Tijaniyya was felt in western africa during the second half of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century, thanks, notably, to the military action of Al-Hajj 'Umar and the pacific gesture of Al-Hajj Malik Sy. Parallely to this spread, a few members of this order produced a type of literature, hence called Tijaniyya literature, which also developed in that region. And it is precisely the aim of this thesis to deal chiefly with the tijaniyya literature. However, because it proved impossible to deal with the whole of this literature, we chose four authors who seemed to be the most representative of this literature : Al-Hajj 'Umar, Yirkoy Talfi, 'Ubayda Ben Anbuja et Al-Hajj Malik Sy. The writings of those authors cover a century (1820-1920) and are representative of the whole of western Africa, from present day Mauritania to actuel Guinea. The study, hence, the analysis of their works enable one to follow the Tijaniyya order within its african realm, and more especially its evolution and the fluctuation of themes within this literature. This should show how the tijanis authors presented and explained their order to their readers, which arguments were used in order to convince people to became affiliated to the tijaniyya, and finally which sources did they base themselves on and which religious and juridical authorities did they refer themselves to, in order to strengthen and articulate their arguments. This is precisely what this thesis attempts to show
Medegnon, Désiré. "L' anthropologie des savoirs : portée et limites de deux corpus de connaissances africains." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0372.
Full textAs a result of the critical examination of ifa and Evuzok medical system, this dissertation shows the stakes and challenge of a confrontation between african knowledge and modern science. Increasing the value of the African knowledge and practices undeniably requires an audacious counter-appraisal which modern science can validly serve a reference mark for. But it also requires an attention as audacious as well for representations and techniques that science can yet not validate, but which can provide alternatives or complementary ways of interpretation, comprehension and mastery of real. Anthropology of knowlegde could also free itself from the narrow perspective consisting in choosing betwween the two usual major positions, each as mutilating as the other, that are on one hand the research and valuation of the exoyic, and on the other, the identification and the aithentification of the same. It could also serve as a starting point for a crossed epistemology of endogenous knowledge and modern science, able to sow the limits and gaps, as well as the potentialities of the two systems and increase, by the way, the aptitude of human to decode and dominate the real
Corniquet, Claire. "Ancrage social, ancrage spatial: circulations des savoirs céramiques chez les potières de l'Arewa et du Kurfey, Niger." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209394.
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Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
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Sibeud, Emmanuelle. "La construction des savoirs africanistes en France, 1878-1930." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0089.
Full textNkongue, Eugène. "L'enjeu de la formation supérieure en Afrique noire francophone : de la valorisation du savoir en Afrique." Toulouse 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU20017.
Full textWhile the studying conditions of African students have steadily grown worse up to these days, their professional outlooks have become less and less promising. Yet, however irrational such an attitude may appear, those two facts do not seem to have shaken their determination to study and their keep on attending university in great numbers. A closer study of this seemingly paradoxical attitude will reveal that the motivations of African students may proceed from a twofold situation. On the one hand, there is a variety of fields in which they can benefit from their knowledge, and on the other hand, a number of economic, social and political realities have allowed them to remain confident that they would be able to elbow their way through difficulties, one of these realities - but not the least - is the support political ethnic networks often offer
Della, Savia Roy. "Migration of Canadian and South African knowledge workers / Savia R.D." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8093.
Full textThesis (MA (Sociology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
Bäckman, Kartal Helin. "How to empower a country using informal financial systems : Stokvels, the South African economical saviour." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-162540.
Full textBaro, Sokhna Selly. "Quête du savoir et stratégies d'insertion professionnelle : parcours d'émigration des étudiants et cadres sénégalais en France, aux Etats-Unis et au Québec." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0116.
Full textAlthough research on immigration has flourished in the social sciences with the work of ethnologists, sociologists, geographers, demographers, historians and economists, it has long been fragmented. Furthermore, it has focused primarily on the male immigrant and is burdened with stereotypes. Structural adjustment programs, implemented in the mid 1980s in Senegal, concomitant with the "modou modou" phenomenon, have led to the appearance of a new category of emigrants (skilled professionals and women) and have transformed the context of international migration from Senegal. Since the, Senegalese migration has varied in its origin, its destination, its composition and its philosophy. The immigration of Senegalese skilled professionals in France and North America altered the classic economic paradigms that quite naturally relegated unskilled jobs to the working class. Illegal immigration, even when it concerns skilled persons, provokes a downward shift in status, synonumous with the loss of professional qualifications, and often leads to a precarious existence. To establish a parallel between skilled migration and precariousness may appear incongrous, in as much as skilled emigrants from countries in the South - the result of the "brain drain" - were always considered to be immigrants who occupy posts of high responsability in the large firms of the North, thus depriving their countries of origin of their skills. This thesis proposes to systematically examine all aspects of the reality o Senegalese international emigration and show that skilled emigration is the prerogative of both sexe
Schwob, Valérie. "Savoir nager, une richesse culturelle : Analyse comparative de l’enseignement de la natation à Canton, Dakar et Paris." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05L002/document.
Full textOur study considers body technical transmission (Mauss, 1950, 366) in a context of sport practices globalization. After an initial empirical study of the swimming teaching in China, Senegal and France, we postulated the existence of cultural differences in representations playing a significant role in the training process. In Canton, Dakar and Paris, we established a comparative study of contexts both cultural (historical, sportive and traditional) and educative (pedagogical and didactic). We used a questionnaire as a base to apprehend swimmers representations in the three cities. Its statistical analysis was backed by qualitative data gathered from observations and interviews. We conclude that representations of water and swimming training differ among the studied populations. Therefore, this study calls for considering swimming in a local process of body technical transmission, blending a culture-specific part with globalized techniques
Mangeon, Anthony Pascal Mouralis Bernard. "Lumières noires, discours marron : indiscipline et transformations du savoir chez les écrivains noirs américains et africains itinéraires croisés d'Alain Leroy Locke, V.Y. Mudimbe et de leurs contemporains /." [s.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/05CERG0237.pdf.
Full textMangeon, Anthony. "Lumières noires, discours marron : indiscipline et transformations du savoir chez les écrivains noirs américains et africains : itinéraires croisés d'Alain Leroy Locke, V.Y. Mudimbe et de leurs contemporains." Cergy-Pontoise, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CERG0237.
Full textMaubrey, Régis. "Etude du röle des interactions socio-langagières dans la transmission de savoirs entre adultes : la situation de formation trans-culturelle en agriculture : cas de stagiaires africains." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081608.
Full textPeiretti, Delphine. "Corps noirs et médecins blancs : Entre race, sexe et genre : savoirs et représentations du corps des Africain(e)s dans les sciences médicales françaises (1780-1950)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3097.
Full textThis research focuses on the descriptions of African people's body according to French medical literature from the end of the 18th century to mid-20th century. Though the « black race » is seen as monolithic group in the medical writings at the beginning of the period, the african multiplicity slightly came up under the colonial doctors' pens, in the last third of the 19th century. Beyond the principal human races classification, the french doctors established a hierarchy between the black peoples of Sub-Saharan Africa, from The Cape of Good Hope to Senegambia. A sexual description of the peoples is added to raciological studies in order to clarify the racial classifications, ethnic hierarchies and to develop knowledge on African people. The african diversity is being highlighted all along the studied period, despite the permanency of numerous racial stereotypes as the hypersexuality of black people or the inversion of gender in Africa. Based on medical dictionaries, work about human races or even on colonial medecine work, our work displays, within the descriptions of the black bodies, the overlapping of the theories about race, gender and sex, and also explains the similarity of the rhetorical methods used to define and describe the Other, should they be female and/or black. Moreover, this research highlights how these representations were influenced by the scientific controversies and the political issues of the period, what they influenced in turn. Though the medical speeches stigmatize racial inferiority of the African people, this work also underlines the antithetical opinions and the conflicts between some doctors about these consensual patterns
Singleton, Keir. "Black Eurocentric Savior: A Study of the Colonization and the Subsequent Creation of the Black Eurocentric Savior in William Shakespeare’s The Tempest, Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko, and Charles Chesnutt’s “Dave’s Neckliss” and The Marrow of Tradition." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2019. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cauetds/163.
Full textHeyerdahl, Léonard. "Anthropologie multisituée des économies du risque choléra. Savoirs, pratiques et technologies (Côte d'Ivoire)." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEN073.
Full textCholera is an ancient enteric disease originating from the Gange delta, and produces a first pandemic in 1817.The victory on cholera is a story of rich countries (Bourdelais 2003), in the global south, and in Africa in particular (Mengel et al.2014), the bacteria continues to prosper in the 21th century. Influenced by the imaginaries inherited from the 19th century, the contemporary manifestations of cholera are easily interpreted as a sign of a lack of modernity, which complexifies the production of knowledge on cholera and, in the context of scarce resources, favor the design and implementation of technological innovations at the center of the cholera control strategies. Our interest lies in the deployment of surveillance and control technologies (including vaccination) in the African Continent. We discuss the conceptualization and negotiation of surveillance devices, the crafting of the geographical spaces where the disease is anticipated (hotspots) and the innovations deployed. Our focus is also on the beneficiaries themselves, at those who live in the hotspots, at their manner of representing the disease and its’ control strategies, to their negotiation with simultaneous risks (including cholera) and their preventive practices.Our approach consists of following those who track cholera and design control strategies, and those who are labelled as at risk for cholera and targets of said control strategies. We have thus carried out a multisited symmetric ethnography (Falzon 2016), in which participant observation is enriched by an observing participation (Fassin 2017)
Boilève, Félix. "Une "Banque du savoir" ? Enquête sur la nature et la politique de l'expertise de la Banque mondiale." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM023.
Full textIn the 1990s, the World Bank was facing an unprecedented crisis, due to the consequences of structural adjustment programs and of some projects it financed, which were considered harmful by many. The response of the international institution was to describe itself as a “Knowledge Bank”, claiming by this term that its primary value lied in its development knowledge, while acknowledging the political nature and the need to transform this knowledge. This thesis takes up this self-description and investigates the current nature of this Knowledge Bank. To this end, ethnographic studies, mainly in West Africa, were conducted on knowledge that the World Bank itself has identified as one of its prominent concern: the knowledge embedded in its development interventions (projects, technical assistance). By discussing mainly the literature in anthropology of development, and building upon relevant work in Science and technology studies, the thesis identifies an “expertise as operation” at the heart of these interventions. This expression denotes the actions undertaken by World Bank experts (consultants, project managers) to construct or transform the identities and problems of individual or collective entities, through the production and mobilisation of knowledge about them, and often by ensuring that these entities seize upon this knowledge about themselves. The choice made in the thesis to analyse economic interventions (support for the competitiveness of an economic sector, support for the development of entrepreneurship, or research on industrial policies) allows for an in-depth analysis of the much criticized neoliberal and “economicist” policy of the World Bank, so as to show that the politics of the institution cannot be reduced to those aspects, and is primarily embedded in these operations of expertise on identities and problems
Govender, Lerissa. "The South African Volatility Index (SAVI) as a tool for market timing on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE)." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30159.
Full textLeclercq, Maya. "Le rooibos : dynamiques locales autour d'un produit marchand à succès, révélatrices d'une société sud-africaine plurielle." Phd thesis, Museum national d'histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00570597.
Full textBogui, Maomra Jean-Jacques. "Intégration et usages des Technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) dans l'Éducation en Afrique :Situation de l'enseignement supérieur en Côte d'Ivoire(2003-2005)." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00265498.
Full textSánchez-Dehesa, Galán Sol. "Contribution à l’évaluation de la variation interne des industries acheuléennes : le cas de Garba I (Melka Kunture, Ethiopie)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://bdr.parisnanterre.fr/theses/intranet/2020/2020PA100006/2020PA100006.pdf.
Full textThis research focuses on the analysis of Acheulean lithic material from the site of Garba I (Melka Kunture, Ethiopia). Specifically, this study explores internal variability in the technical repertoires that underlie the production of lithic artefacts at the site, by considering the technical stages involved in their manufacture and the knappers’ technological savoir-faire (know-how). Through this qualitative approach it becomes possible to assess the influence of individual factors on the morphology of the tools, and their relative importance for understanding the intentions that underlie the knapping. This study integrates these concepts based on the characteristics of the assemblage; the ultimate goal being to understand the behaviour of the hominins that occupied Melka Kunture at the time of Garba I, both in terms of the techniques employed and the organisation of the activites. The results highlight the highly standardised nature of bifacial artefacts at the site, and the knappers’ remarkable control over conchoïdal percussion using two particular techniques, applied during their façonnage, which cannot be explained as simple reduction processes that create unintended forms through stereotypical knapping gestures. The identification in the assemblage of a specific technical procedure (the coup de tranchet) that has value as a cultural marker, as well as an important component of small retouched tools and percussive implements, suggests potential links between the Acheulean and Middle Stone Age industries.This work is divided into three parts: 1) current issues about the African Acheulean and the approaches previously employed to study it; 2) the regional context; 3) the depositional context of the archaeological materials at Garba I, their chronology and state of preservation; 4) methodology employed in this study, and; 5) discussion of the results and their significance in the context of the African Acheulean
Doignon, Aurélie. "La "mise en savoirs" des danses africaines : Approche anthropo-didactique des liens entre transposition d’une pratique culturelle et évolution de ses modes de diffusion : le cas du sabar au Sénégal et en France." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0257.
Full textDance of the popular districts of Dakar, sabar dance is subject to professional and spatial reconfigurations. This dance was formerly defined as originating from a line of griots and education through informal institutions. New frames structure this dance tradition in a more formal way, integrating it in the "art" category and leading to a new economic structure. The griots, whose knowledge is an atavist transmission, are no longer in the majority in professional circles of dance. This leads to new attitudes of transmission, training and learning of dance. The sabar is institutionalized, to access the international legitimate choreographic field. This thesis studies the dialectic between traditional references (religious, old, etc.) and modern approaches, in light of the new professionalization of these dancers. How do the processes of institutionalization and transposition of the practice of the sabar allow and encourage exchanges and circulation of corporealities and dancers around the world? Becoming a sabar dancer at a professional level means getting one’s education both from "classical" and formal learning, and from everyday, informal learning This overall education marks the porosity of the structural categorizations of learning. This thesis highlights the multiple modifications involved in this learning. It explores choreographic changes and shows how sabar dance is undergoing a reconfiguration in terms of gender and social status
Ndiaye, Alboury. "Les représensations populaires de la maladie à l'épreuve du pluralisme thérapeutique au Sénégal : le cas du paludisme dans la société Wolof." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA1021.
Full textThis thesis begins a reflection on popular representations of disease and therapeutic pluralism with regard to tradition, religion and sociological specificities Senegalese society. Its uniqueness lies in the fact to highlight the social and cultural work in the management of malaria illness in the community Wolof of Senegal. This research analyzes the disease as the developer of a social conflict and complex social relationships between individuals, families, therapists, ethnicity, dominated ideologies and ways of acting both opposite and complementary. This is the design that communities are the disease, lies the explanation of cultural fusion is the firmament of human society and which is seen here as a triadic complex due to the spirit, soul and body
Ouedraogo, Wendkouni Adelphe Sabine. "Étude comparée de l’intégration juridique de la tradimédecine dans les systèmes de santé publique en Afrique de l’Ouest : les cas du Ghana et du Burkina Faso." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0009.
Full textTraditional medicine and pharmacopeia are still nowadays for thousands of people in West Africa, the unique healthcare solution. If this fact is often considered as arising solely from the weakness of the allopathic health system, it could also be a result of socio-cultural choices. Indeed, people especially in rural areas are strongly influenced by traditional vision and beliefs about diseases’ origins, which could have natural or induced causes in this traditional conception. For a long time, this resort to traditional medicine was done without the supervision and support of the appropriate measures and regulations. This has generated high public healthcare risks. Moreover, the multiplication of bioprospection’s without states control has led to a sharp increase in illicit appropriation of traditional medicine knowledge for the purposes of pharmaceutical innovation. This has created new issues in the South, especially about local populations’ intellectual property on their traditional knowledge. Highlighting these facts has raised new concerns within the competent international and regional institutions: the need of protection for local and indigenous communities’ rights over their genetic resources and associated tradimedical knowledge, and the need of building a fair system of exploitation of resources and medical indigenous knowledge for purposes of research and development. The Burkinabe and Ghanaian states have, in order to overcome these issues, adopted legislations to regulate traditional care practices as well as the production and placement on their national markets of traditional and neo-traditional medicines
Gbossou, Christophe. "Mise en place d’un pôle intégré d’excellence pour les énergies renouvelables. Cas de l’énergie solaire en Afrique de l’Ouest." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EMSE0694/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is the building an integrated excellence pole for solar energy in West Africa. Three countries have been identified as areas for experimentation (Burkina Faso; Cote d’Ivoire; Senegal). Field surveys in these territories and sector analysis allow highlighting the interactions among the solar sector actors in the three countries (political field, research and training, business, civil society, users). The realization of direct influence matrices from the results of solar energy sector analysis in the countries helped us to understand the low level of relationship among interdependent stakeholders.The results show that the public authorities are still the dominant players, despite the weakness of their willingness. Private companies and non-governmental organizations have a liaison role playing an essential task of solar equipment installation and projects development especially in rural areas. The users of the solar sector are dominated players without influence on the other players especially the public authorities. The research actors clearly appear as isolated: Their results are generally limited to theoretical courses, the conduct of experiments and prototypes that rarely reach public release phase. The constructed pole allows to stabilize, to settle and to make the produced knowledge circulate and the capacities developed by the actors in interaction within an ecosystem
Biloso, Moyene Apollinaire. "Valorisation des produits forestiers non ligneux des plateaux de Batéké en périphérie de Kinshasa (RD Congo)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210454.
Full textL’étude de la valorisation des PFNL des Plateaux de Batéké a montré que 169 espèces de PFNL appartenant à 65 familles des plantes sont valorisées. Cinq espèces de PFNL sont les plus exploitées dans la zone d’étude. Il s’agit de Pteridium sp, du vin indigène (de palmier à huile et de raphia), de Dioscorea praehensilis, de Talinum triangulare et du rotin. La détermination des facteurs explicatifs du choix de l’exploitation des PFNL les plus exploités dans la zone a été estimé par la régression multiple modèle Probit. Ce modèle a l’avantage d’inclure dans sa structure mathématique, la dépendance mutuelle et des informations sur la pertinence des variables explicatives présentes dans le modèle final. La consommation du Pteridium sp. par le ménage, son prix de vente, sa disponibilité dans les écosystèmes, la distance à parcourir par rapport aux lieux de prélèvement, le statut matrimonial du chef de ménage, la distance par rapport au marché et l’appartenance à une structure locale sont des facteurs explicatifs déterminant dans le choix de l’exploitation du Pteridium sp. Pour l’exploitation du vin indigène, la distance par rapport aux lieux de prélèvement, la taille de ménage, les connaissances endogènes sur le vin indigène, la distance par rapport au marché et le revenu en sont des facteurs explicatifs. Le revenu issu de la vente, les connaissances endogènes, le prix de vente et la consommation sont des facteurs explicatifs déterminants pour l’exploitation de Dioscorea praehensilis. Pour Talinum triangulare, le revenu issu de la vente, la consommation, la distance par rapport au lieu de prélèvement, le prix de vente et les connaissances endogènes en sont les facteurs déterminants. Pour le rotin, la consommation, le prix de vente, les connaissances endogènes et la disponibilité en rotins dans les écosystèmes en sont les déterminants. Les PFNL vendus sur les marchés et points de ventes des Plateaux de Batéké proviennent des jachères forestières, des forêt-galeries et des savanes. Le coût total moyen d’exploitation d’un kg du PFNL est estimé à 0,08 $ US pour le Pteridium sp. 0,05 $ US pour le vin indigène, 0,05 $ US pour le Dioscorea praehensilis, 0,05 $ US pour le Talinum triangulare et à 0,20 $ US pour le rotin. Un exploitant villageois réalise par journée de travail, un revenu moyen de près de 2 $ US pour le Pteridium sp, 9 $ US pour le vin indigène, 1 $ US pour le Dioscorea praehensilis, 0,26 $ US pour le Talinum triangulare et près de 4 $ US pour le rotin. Hormis la valeur socio-économique que la valorisation des PFNL apporte à l’écosystème, certains méfaits sur la durabilité des écosystèmes sont occasionnés. Enfin, cette étude démontre qu’il y a des interactions entre les paysans enquêtés et leurs milieux. La définition d’une politique raisonnée de valorisation des PFNL intégrée à l’approche interdisciplinaire du développement durable reste incontournable pour la zone d’étude.
The present study aims to improve the understanding of the valorisation of the NTFP of the Batéké Highlands situated in the periphery of Kinshasa in order to develop an exploitation mode that guarantees the conservation and a sustainable use and to provide the necessary elements to the management of the NTFP. The investigations by polls on a basis of 280 households have been reinforced by 22 interviews by means of focus groups. Direct observations in situ, socio-economic and ethno-ecological analyses of the exploitation of the NTFP, an analysis of the NTFP processing pathway and an impact study of the exploitation of the NTFP have been carried out between June 2005 and November 2006 in 7 villages of the Batéké Highlands: Mbankana, Dumi, Mampu, Muti-mutiene, Kinzono, Inzolo and 4th City CADIM situated at more than 140 km to the East of Kinshasa. The study of the valorisation of the NTFP of the Batéké Highlands showed that 169 species of NTFP belonging to 65 plant families are valorised. Five species of NTFP are the most exploited in the study area: Pteridium sp, indigenous wine (of palm oil and raffia), Dioscorea praehensilis, Talinum triangulare and rattan. The determination of the factors of the choice of the most exploited NTFP have been estimated by multiple regression and the Probit model. This model has the advantage to include mutual dependence in its mathematical structure as well as information on the relevance of the explanatory variables in the final model. The consumption of Pteridium sp. by household, its selling price, its availability in the ecosystems, the distance to the places of collection, the matrimonial status of the household chief, the distance to the market and the adherence to a local structure are the explanatory factors determining the choice of Pteridium sp. For the exploitation of the indigenous wine, the distance to the places of collection, the size of household, endogenous knowledge on the indigenous wine, the distance to the market and the income are the explanatory factors. The income generated by the sale, endogenous knowledge, the selling price and the consumption rate are the explanatory factors for Dioscorea praehensilis. For Talinum triangulare, the income generated by the sale, the consumption, the distance to the place of collection, the selling price and endogenous knowledge are the determining factors. For rattan, the consumption, the selling price, endogenous knowledge and the availability of rattan in the ecosystems are the determinants of the choice. The NTFP sold on the markets and points of sales of the Batéké Highlands are collected in forest fallow lands, forest-galleries and savannas. The overall average cost of exploitation of one kg of NTFP is estimated at 0.08 $ US for Pteridium sp. at 0.05 $ US for indigenous wine, at 0.05 $ US for Dioscorea praehensilis, at 0.05 $ US for Talinum triangulare and at 0.20 $ US for rattan. A local collector obtains per working day an average income of about 2 $ US for Pteridium sp, 9 $US for the indigenous wine, 1 $ US for Dioscorea praehensilis, 0.26 $ US for Talinum triangulare and about 4 $ US for rattan. Besides the socioeconomic value that the valorisation of the NTFP brings to the ecosystem, some bad practices for the durability of the ecosystems are observed. Finally, this study demonstrates that there are close interactions between the peasants questioned and their environment. The development of a reasonable policy of valorisation of the NTFP integrated with an interdisciplinary approach of sustainable development remains crucial for our study site.
Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Grabli, Charlotte. "L’urbanité sonore : auditeurs, circulations musicales et imaginaires afro-atlantiques entre la cité de Léopoldville et Sophiatown de 1930 à 1960." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0138.
Full textThis thesis studies connections between music and politics within the space of music circulation stretching from Sophiatown, in Johannesburg, South Africa, to the cité (the “native quarters”) of Léopoldville (today Kinshasa), in the Belgian Congo, from 1930 to 1960. This study considers the music making of these segregated areas – the uses of new sound technologies, the appropriation of Afro-Atlantic styles, the profusion of festivities and nightlife – as well as the formation of the trans-colonial space of modern Congolese music—better known as “Congolese rumba”—in the age of radio. Although often overlooked, the early development of the South African record industry played an important role in the making and mobility of the first Congolese media celebrities who circulated across the trans-imperial roads between Léopoldville, Elisabethville (Lubumbashi), Nairobi and Johannesburg. Studied together, the grounding and the deployment of what I call “sonic urbanity” highlight the place of trans-colonial celebrities and songs in the political imaginary of African listeners. These phenomena also show how the economy of pleasure offered new possibilities of emancipation to the most marginalized categories such as the "free women" and members of women’s fashion associations.Both in the cité of Léopoldville and in Sophiatown, listeners, dancers and musicians challenged ideas of black exclusion to urbanity enforced by the government that conditioned symbolic and material access to “the city”. Until the day after independence in 1960, the musical scene represented the main space for political expression in the modern Congo, allowing it to claim its place in the Black Atlantic.This thesis thus conceptualizes music as part of the city’s ecology of sound in an attempt to “write the world from the African metropolis”. It does not merely think of music in context but also regards it as context and soundscape, extending it beyond performance by including the different “scale games” that shaped musical worlds. Understanding the political dimension of the AfroAtlantic exchanges involved in the creation of Congolese rumba – an African style born out of listening to Afro-Cuban music – requires a consideration of the globalisation of ways of listening and ethnicity. How can we rethink the opposition of a “Latin Africa” to an “Africa of jazz”, whose poles would be located respectively in Léopoldville and Johannesburg, at the moment when U.S. racialized nationalism shaped understandings of jazz? This thesis seeks to both deconstruct these representations and examine the power of black music to act—its “reality and non-existence”— depending on contexts, actors and places
Togola, Adama. "Poétique de mystères : appropriation du genre et inscription du savoir culturel dans le polar d’Afrique francophone." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21133.
Full textCamara, Fatoumata. "Savoirs et pratiques autour de la tuberculose à Dakar, 1924-1969 : le destin d’une maladie sociale, du colonial au postcolonial." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25614.
Full textWhile strategies had been developed by the public authorities that had been operating in Dakar since the 1920s to contain the spread of tuberculosis, a social disease then identified as an obstacle to France's socio-political and economic projects in Dakar and West Africa, in 2019, some 40 years after Senegal's decolonization, the disease continued to be a concern for the city's health authorities. This raises several questions: Why, despite the manufacture of an anti-tuberculosis vaccine since the 1920s and the discovery of specific drugs in the 1940s and 1950s, tuberculosis continues to defy the plans implemented in Dakar to contain its spread? What has been done to halt its spread? Did the fight against tuberculosis in Dakar also involve action on the factors that contributed to the spread of the disease? Was it the implementation of TB control measures that was failing? The hypothesis underlying this thesis is that the fight against tuberculosis was not a priority for Dakar health authorities, but also that the inadequacy of the various preventive and curative measures against this disease explains the limits of the action taken so far and, consequently, the persistence of tuberculosis in this city. Through an evaluation of the organization and execution of the various measures taken since 1924, this thesis attempts to shed light on the factors explaining the persistence of tuberculosis in Dakar until 1969 and to identify continuities, and not only breaks, between the colonial and national periods in order to better understand the current place of the infectious disease in the country. It also envisages seeing with reference to what knowledge and practices were maked choices concerning measures to combat tuberculosis and seeks to study the modalities of implementation of the various measures adopted to halt the development of this disease in order to grasp distances between intentions and actions taken. In order to assess the impact of the various plans to combat tuberculosis in Dakar over the chosen period, attention is also paid to their reception and the attitudes that they have aroused among the population of Dakar.
Tremblay, Émilie. "Représentations des religions traditionnelles africaines : analyse comparative de réseaux régionaux et disciplinaires africains et occidentaux." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4467.
Full textThis thesis provides a critical analysis of several different representations of African Traditional Religions (ATR) as found within a number of regional and disciplinary networks in Western and African countries. First, numerous means of representation (geographical maps and graphics) from different western scientific media were used to examine different ways in which ATR are represented. This analysis reveals that the categorization systems employed in these media to represent ATR do not reflect the variety, vitality, complexity and significance of ATR; and, on a more general level, reveals a lack of equity in the representations of different world religions. A conceptual analysis puts into question a number of categories (e.g. “ethnic religion”) used to define ATR as well as the notion of world religion. Second, the research strategies that were used to identify African research networks are presented. Several different Western tools and documentary resources (Database, encyclopedic articles, etc) were evaluated on their usage and citations of African research on ATR. This analysis, which was drawn from a qualitative discourse analysis approach, highlights the limited importance that is given to African researchers. In contrast, our evaluation of RTA-related education and research in Nigerian universities reveals an enormous amount of RTA-related research as well as a diversity of communication channels. On a more general level, this thesis demonstrates the extent to which knowledge is localized and linked to the cultural, disciplinary, and ideological presuppositions of researchers, and, from the analysis of African documents, opens to the larger question of the difficulty to represent the unity and specificities of ATR.
Abadie, Delphine. "Reconstruire la philosophie à partir de l'Afrique : une utopie postcoloniale." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20587.
Full textBrassard, Alice. "Transmission transatlantique de savoirs en sciences naturelles d’Amérique française au XVIIIe siècle; Étude comparative des écrits de Kalm (Canada), de Barrère (Guyane française), de Le Page du Pratz (Louisiane) et de Dumont de Montigny (Louisiane)." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23765.
Full textFollowing their colonization of America in the 17th and 18th centuries, the French drew up inventories for the resources of the occupied or coveted territory. Being able to describe all this wealth, natural history thus became the ultimate colonial knowledge and one of the central cogs of the French Colonial Machine. Also, the textual legacy of this activity is considerable and various points of view are taken into account: an enterprising settler, for example, will not see Louisiana’s resources in the same way as a travelling metropolitan official or a botanist on assignment. However, the colonial perspective is widely spread and all these texts, or almost all of them, are evidence of the appropriation of American plants, minerals and animals. The position of indigenous people and slaves – whether of indigenous or African-American origin – as actors in the process of knowledge creation depends on the context and the author’s stance. This thesis focuses on a small number of compelling texts from the natural history corpus of the French mainland colonies in America. Four authors who worked in or visited Canada (Kalm), French Guiana (Barrère) and Louisiana (Le Page du Pratz and Dumont de Montigny) are studied in depth. We first examine the different contexts of knowledge acquisition. Subsequently, we analyze the colonial resources inventories available at that time and how the sources are managed. Lastly, we conclude by looking at how these naturalist writers transmit to their European readers their newly acquired knowledge and the impact that their work will have.
Denyer, Taylor W. "Decolonizing mission partnerships: evolving collaboration between United Merthodists in North Katanga and the United States of America." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25996.
Full textChristian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology
D. Th. (Missiology)