Journal articles: 'Sawing'

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Jiang, Bo, Jian Yun Shen, and Xi Peng Xu. "Study on Force Characteristics for High Speed Sawing of Quartz Glass with Diamond Blade." Materials Science Forum 800-801 (July 2014): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.800-801.144.

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High speed sawing is an advanced machining technique for sawing of brittle materials with good component quality and high productivity. In the paper, sawing experiments were carried out to investigate the characteristics of sawing forces by altering many processing parameters in high speed sawing of quartz glass with a diamond blade. The sawing forces and force ratio were analyzed. The conclusions present that in the fixed material removal rate, the increasing of periphery speed can help to lower sawing forces and force ratio; sawing forces increase with material removal rate; in the high speed sawing, the effect of material removal rate on sawing forces is smaller than the one in the low speed.

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Xiang, Xin, Jian Yun Shen, Zhong Wei Hu, and Xi Peng Xu. "Study on Force Characteristics of Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Sawing Ceramics with Diamond Blade." Advanced Materials Research 1017 (September 2014): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1017.120.

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In the present research work, a new precision sawing technique is proposed, by which the ceramic workpiece is ultrasonically vibrated along the blade radial direction during the sawing operation using a diamond blade. In this study, experiments are conducted to study the sawing force characters of ultrasonic vibration-assisted sawing (UVAS) and conventional sawing (CS). The influences of the sawing parameters on the sawing force and force ratio are investigated. The results show that the sawing force in UVAS is smaller than those in CS. It was found that applying ultrasonic vibration to the sawing operation decreased the normal sawing force 18%-38% and tangential sawing force by 10%-25%. The force ratio in UVAS is lower than that in CS, which reveals that diamonds are easier to cut into the ceramic workpiece and the material machinability is improved.

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Zhang, Chenpu, Zhikui Dong, Yanheng Zhao, Ziliang Liu, Shang Wu, and Jiahao Yang. "Sawing Force Prediction Model and Experimental Study on Vibration-Assisted Diamond Wire Sawing." Micromachines 13, no. 11 (November 19, 2022): 2026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13112026.

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Diamond wire sawing is the main machining technology for slicing various brittle materials, such as crystalline silicon, SiC, and NdFeB. Due to their high hardness and high brittleness, as well as the ease with which the surfaces of machined materials are damaged, it is difficult to further improve the sawing efficiency and the surface quality based on research conducted on the original machining method. In this paper, a vibration-assisted diamond wire sawing method is proposed. We analyzed the impact of load on the ingot, motion trajectory, and sawing depth of the abrasive particles, and a macroscopic sawing force prediction model for the vibration-assisted sawing method was established and verified via experiments. Based on the single-wire-sawing experiment and prediction model, the influences of the vibration parameters and sawing parameters on the sawing force were determined. The influences of vibration assistance on the surface quality, including the roughness profile, waviness profile, thickness profile, Ra, and Rz, were explored through single-wire-sawing experiments, and the influences of vibration assistance on the geometric parameters of slices, such as the total thickness variation (TTV) and warp, were explored through multi-wire-sawing experiments. It was found that vibration-assisted sawing can reduce sawing force and improve surface quality.

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Ge, Pei Qi, Wen Bo Bi, Meng Ran Ge, Yang Jiao, and Chang Hou Lu. "Simulation Research for the Effect of KDP Crystal Defect and Initial Internal Stress on Sawing Stress." Materials Science Forum 874 (October 2016): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.874.9.

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KDP (KH2PO4) crystal is a kind of excellent nonlinear optical crystals, which has been widely used in nonlinear optical and Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) engineering. KDP crystal with the characteristics of low hardness, high brittleness, easy deliquescence and temperature-sensitive is easy to crack during the crystal growth, taken out from crystallizer, and the process of slicing. Stress concentration caused by the initial internal stress redistribution and the growth defect in KDP crystal is an important reason of KDP crystal cracking during sawing process. The numerical simulation model of the KDP crystal containing spherical cavity defect and sawing with fixed abrasive wire saw is established by finite element method in this paper. The effects of initial internal stress, spherical cavity defect on sawing stress are investigated. The maximum tensile stress near the defect during the sawing process is simulated and analyzed. The results show that sawing stress changes smoothly during sawing process, and the fixed abrasive wire saw slicing belongs to low stress cutting way. The sawing stress at sawing kerf is increased obviously. The crystal defect leads to local stress concentration during sawing process. The coupling effect of sawing stress with initial internal stress and the effect of stress concentration are enhanced when the sawing kerf approaches to the defect.

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Han, Q. L., Yuan Li, and Xi Peng Xu. "A Comparative Study of Stone Sawing with Thin and Normal Blades." Key Engineering Materials 329 (January 2007): 687–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.329.687.

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In this paper, an experimental study was conducted to compare the sawing of granite with thin and normal blades. The power drawn by the spindle and horizontal and vertical forces were measured. The width of sawing slot on the granite was examined after sawing. For both blades, power and forces increase with the depth of cut. The width of sawing slots for the thin blade was about 75% of the normal blade. The width of sawing slots for either thin or normal blade sawing became narrower in larger depth of cut.

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Huang, Guo Qin, and Xi Peng Xu. "Sawing Characteristics of a Diamond Circular Blade with Grits in Ordered Distribution." Solid State Phenomena 175 (June 2011): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.175.161.

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The sawing characteristics of a diamond circular blade with grits set in ordered distribution were investigated in comparison with a conventional blade on which grits are of random distribution. The two blades were tested under the same sawing conditions. Forces and power were monitored during sawing. The results indicate that the changing tendency of sawing forces and power versus sawing parameters are basically same for the two blades. However, the setting of grits in ordered distribution leads to lower sawing forces as well as force ratio, and can reduce nearly one third energy consumption.

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Chen, Chao Chang Arthur, and Pei Hsiun Chao. "Surface Texture Analysis of Fixed and Free Abrasive Machining of Silicon Substrates for Solar Cells." Advanced Materials Research 126-128 (August 2010): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.126-128.177.

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Multi-wire sawing process has been widely used for wafer slicing of silicon substrates for solar cells. Usually there are two different kinds of wire saw in multi-wire sawing process including free abrasive wire sawing with SiC grits and fixed abrasive wire sawing with diamond wire. For free abrasive wire sawing process, the material removal mechanism can be considered as lapping and the fixed abrasive wire sawing can be considered as grinding. This paper is to investigate the characteristics of the surface texture of silicon substrate fabricated by these two wire sawing process. Experimental results have been observed by white light interferometry and SEM. Some different properties of both processes have compared been with variant characteristics including 2-D and 3-D surface roughness parameters. Results of this paper can be further used to evaluate the feasibility of wire sawing process of silicon substrates for solar cells.

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Zheng, Feng Biao, Mei Chen, Jian Yun Shen, Hua Guo, and Xi Peng Xu. "Study on Machining Characteristics of Sawing Al₂O₃ Ceramic with Diamond Cut-Off Wheel." Advanced Materials Research 497 (April 2012): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.497.25.

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In the present study, sawing forces of Al2O3 ceramic and wear of metal-bonded diamond cut-off wheel were examined by counting the statistical data of diamond wear and analyzing the force signals under different sawing conditions. The experimental results demonstrated that normal grinding force reduced with the increasing of sawing speed, and rose with the increasing of workpiece feed rate and grinding depth. In all of the variables, sawing depth made the greatest effects on normal grinding froce. The percentage of whole crystal or pull-out crystal decreased and fractured crystal increased as the sawing depth increased or the sawing speed decreased. Among machining factors, sawing speed was the greatest effectors on the wear of diamond cut-off wheel.

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9

Möhringer, Stefan. "Innovative Lösungen zum Einschnitt von Starkholz | Innovative solutions for cutting large timber." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 157, no. 12 (December 1, 2006): 546–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2006.0546.

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Modern sawing techniques focus mainly on small and medium diameter round wood due to the easier and higher-performing sawing ability. This evolution was mainly driven by chippercanter sawing technology, which allowed increasing sawing feed speeds. Nowadays, increasing competition between sawmills concerning the raw material turns the focus once again towards large diameter round wood. This contribution intends to give a survey of state-of-the-art sawing technologies, pointing out their specific advantages and inconveniences. In conclusion, the article shows that available sawing technologies can process large diameter round wood in a cost efficient way.

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Shen, Jianyun, Xu Zhu, Jianbin Chen, Ping Tao, and Xian Wu. "Investigation on the Edge Chipping in Ultrasonic Assisted Sawing of Monocrystalline Silicon." Micromachines 10, no. 9 (September 16, 2019): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10090616.

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Monocrystalline silicon is an important semiconductor material and occupies a large part of the market demand. However, as a hard-brittle material, monocrystalline silicon is extremely prone to happen edge chipping during sawing processing. The edge chipping seriously affects the quality and performance of silicon wafers. In this paper, both conventional and ultrasonicassisted sawing tests were carried out on monocrystalline silicon to study the formation mechanism of edge chipping. The shape and size of edge chipping after sawing process were observed and measured. The experimental results demonstrated that different sawing processes present different material removal modes and edge quality. The mode of crack propagation was continuous cracks in conventional sawing process, while the expansion mode in ultrasonic assisted sawing was blasting microcracks. This results in the cutting force of ultrasonic assisted sawing becomes much smaller than that of conventional sawing process, which can reduce the size of edge chipping and improve the quality of machined surface.

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Bayram, Fatih, Nazmi Erhan Yasitli, Seyfi Kulaksiz, and Yilmaz Ozcelik. "Optimization of limestone sawing using circular saws with reference to unit wear and energy." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 227, no. 5 (June 15, 2012): 1069–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406212451067.

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Natural stone processing operations use different methods and machines; however, the circular sawing machines are widely used in natural stone processing since they can be used flexibly. The wear on the diamond segments on the sawblade and energy consumption are the important parameters for these machines. Unit wear and unit energy should be minimized and the sawing rate should be maximized for optimum sawing condition. In this study sawing tests were performed on limestone samples using a fully automatic circular sawing machine. The tests were conducted at different peripheral speeds and advance rates. For each sawing test, the segment wear and consumed energy were measured. The statistical software, Design Expert 7.0 was used to analyze the test data. The new sawability charts for wear and energy were developed. The unique aspect of this study is to determine the optimum circular sawing performance with the special software and this technique also provides the prediction of unit wear and unit energy for selected sawing condition.

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Fang, Cong Fu, and Xi Peng Xu. "The Effects of Machining Parameters on Measured Temperatures and Energy Partition in Circular Sawing of Granite." Materials Science Forum 626-627 (August 2009): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.626-627.213.

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An investigation is reported of the temperatures in the sawing of granite with a circular sawblade under a wide range of machining parameters including cutting fluids and cutting modes. Temperature responses in the sawing contact zone were measured using a foil thermocouple. The measurement was subsequently used to analyze the influence of operating parameters on the sawing temperatures and the energy partition. For either down-cutting or up-cutting, either with cutting fluids or without cutting fluids, the temperatures in the sawing zone were found to increase with depth of cut, sawblade speed, and workpiece speed. The maximum temperature in the sawing without cutting fluids was found to be up to 400°C whereas it was reduced to around 250°C while using cutting fluids. The energy partition conducted to the workpiece is about 7% ~10% in dry sawing and about 2% ~5% in wet sawing.

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13

Ye, Yong, Yuan Li, and Xi Peng Xu. "Numerical Simulation of Granite Sawing by Discrete Element Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 16-19 (October 2009): 1283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.16-19.1283.

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Granite is a kind of typical discrete material, which experiences from continuous deformation stage, discontinuous deformation stage to fracture stage under sawing forces. Using discrete element method (DEM) to study the process of sawing granite will help us to understand the removal mechanism of granite from the microscopic point of view. In this paper, numerical uniaxial compression and three-point bending tests were conducted to determine the microscopic parameters of the granite specimen firstly, and then simulation was performed for sawing of the specimen. The sawing process, deformation characteristics of granite and the effect of initiation and propagation of cracks on fracture process of granite were investigated. The emphasis was laid on analyzing the variation of sawing forces under different sawing parameters. The simulation results agree well with that of experiments, indicating that DEM can reflect the external macroscopic change of granite by changing the internal microscopic structure. The conclusions in this study would be useful to the modeling of sawing processes and engineering applications.

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Chen, Guo Jin, Jing Ni, Ting Ting Liu, Hui Peng Chen, and Ming Xu. "Study on the Online Detection Technology of the Band Saw Equipment." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 2329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.2329.

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Aiming at the lower automation, accuracy and efficiency of the domestic band sawing machine, this paper studies the real-time detection technology based on the sawing load, develops the digital control system of the constant power sawing with the micro-feed performance to improve the load imbalance of the band saw blades in the sawing process. The real-time detection technology based on the micro-deviation of the band saws trajectory is studied. The digitized deviation-correction control system of the band saws trajectory is developed with the fine-tuning performance of the saw stiffness to correct automatically the band saws trajectory. The weight-detection technology based on the scan reconstruction of the surface profile size is researched. The digital control system of the fixed weight sawing is developed to meet that the weight error of the sawed workpiece is fewer than 3%. That can improve the accuracy and efficiency of the band sawing machine and provide the foundation for the realization of the digital control of the band sawing machine.

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Fang, Cong Fu, Hui Huang, and Xi Peng Xu. "The Effects of the Geometric Parameters of Segmented Sawblades on the Fluctuated Temperatures in Sawing." Solid State Phenomena 175 (June 2011): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.175.93.

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The effects of the geometric parameters of a sawblade on the sawing fluctuated temperatures were analyzed based on a fluctuated temperature model advanced in my recent paper. The results show that the sawing temperatures are fluctuated only near the workpiece surface in the sawing zone, the blade segment ratio, the number of segments and the contact angle have great influence on the sawing temperatures, which has the guiding significance for optimal design of the sawblade structure.

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Ni, Jing, Jun Cai, Zhen Meng, and Yang Wang. "Influence of bandsawing processing parameters on the preparation of cortical bone flake." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 12 (December 2021): 168781402110670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211067032.

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Natural cortical bone is an important source of bionic bone repair materials. Sawing cortical bone is the first and important process in fabrication bone repair materials. However, the high sawing temperature could cause damage to bone tissue and nerves, and surface roughness should decrease osteoinductivity. In order to improve the cutting performance during sawing cortical bone, and the quality of prepared cortical bone slices, the band sawing process should be investigated and improved. In this paper, the novel cortical bone sawing experiment was designed with different feed rate and tooth pitch. Then, the influence of experimental parameters on temperature and roughness were analyzed with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The experimental results show that the lowest value of temperature is 35.5°C (tooth pitch is 8.46 mm, feed rate is 35 mm/s), the highest one is 73.8°C (tooth pitch is 4.20 mm, feed rate is 5 mm/s). And the turning point of surface roughness appear when the feed rate is 20 mm/s. Otherwise, the prediction model of sawing temperature and surface roughness could help to find optimal band sawing parameters of natural cortical bone.

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Xu, Xi Peng, Q. L. Han, and Yuan Li. "Wear of Metal-Bonded Diamond Tools in Different Abrasive Processes." Key Engineering Materials 291-292 (August 2005): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.291-292.85.

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In this present work, an experimental study was carried out to investigate the wear of metal-bonded diamond tools (specimens) in five abrasive processes – stirring diamond specimens in rock slurries and surface grinding the specimens with a vitrified alumina wheel as well as circular sawing of refractory bricks, vitrified silicon carbide wheels and natural granite with segmented diamond blades. Three diamond specimens of different hardness were fabricated by hot pressing. In addition to following the worn morphologies of the diamond tools, forces and power were also monitored in four abrasive processes. During stirring and surface grinding, the wear of the diamond specimens decreased with increasing specimen hardness, whereas the vertical force in surface grinding increased with the specimen hardness. In sawing of granite, however, the wear of the blades was closely related to the vertical force generated in sawing rather than the hardness of the diamond segments. The trends of force changes in sawing of refractory bricks were comparable to those in sawing of granite. But the force ratios in sawing of the SiC wheel were found to be much higher than those in sawing of other two materials.

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Chen, Dyi-Cheng, You-Hua Chen, Ci-Syong You, and Shin-Han Huang. "Finite element simulation and analysis of saw cutting." MATEC Web of Conferences 185 (2018): 00021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818500021.

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In this paper, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) used DEFORMTM 3D to construct 6061 aluminum sawing simulation. Before sawing, we pushed the speed and cutting speed under pressure as a sawing process parameters. Then there are three groups of combination conditions in the study. Analysis and discussion based on loading, effective stress, cutting temperature and blade wear. According to the impact parameters the structural design of the saw blade is improved by taking full account of the mutual influence of sawing parameters.

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Ogurtsov, Victor V., Elena V. Kargina, and Irina S. Matveeva. "Optimization of Log Sorting by Diameter." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2021-1-150-158.

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This work is the final in the series of studies related to the issue of sorting logs by thickness while forming the sawing batches with optimal selection of sawlogs by diameter groups. In previous works, mathematical models linking the characteristics of logs and their cutting processes with the timber volume output and the sawmill profitability were obtained. Algorithms and programs for simulation studies of the sawn timber production process with reproduction of random variability of sizes and shapes of sawn logs, as well as their random displacement relative to the center of the sawing pattern were developed. Profitability of sawmill production was chosen as the criterion of optimality, the volume output of timber was used as a competing indicator. Fractional sorting of logs by thickness is used as a controllable optimizable variable, while ellipticity, curvature, and timber displacement from the center of the sawing pattern are treated as random interfering factors. Considering the log as a set of short sections threaded on a curved axis, we imitated its sawing process with random characteristics of shape and sizes. As a result, the change patterns of sawing production efficiency were determined while varying thickness, curvature, ellipticity and displacement of logs from the center of the sawing pattern. It was found that when sawing logs with an optimal sawing pattern, the simultaneous influence of random factors of log shape and accuracy of its location weakens the dependence of the timber volume output on the fractional sorting of logs according to the law close to the geometric summation of individual influences. Factors with large influence practically absorb factors with a smaller influence. The log curvature dominates among them. For suboptimal sawing patterns with the simultaneous influence of the three considered factors, the timber volume output is practically independent of the fractional sorting of logs by thickness. When sawing logs with shape defects by suboptimal sawing patterns on equipment with an imperfect basing system, sorting logs by thickness as a way to increase the volume output of sawn timber does not make sense. Random variation of log shape and accuracy of its centering, as well as the deviation of the parameters of sawing patterns from the optimal, causes a decrease in the optimal fractionality of selection of logs by thickness from 20 to 30 mm. Moreover, the greater the number of characteristics of log shape and its basing deviates from the ideal values and the greater these deviations, the more active the optimum fractional sorting of logs by thickness shifts to 3 or more even diameters. When preparing sawn material for mass sawing using modern technologies and equipment with rigid sawing patterns, it is advisable to sort logs by thickness through 2 even diameters. At random simultaneous variation of ellipticity of cross-sections of logs with an average value of 6 mm, their curvature with an average value of 0.25 % and displacement relative to the center of sawing pattern with an average value of 10 mm the optimum is sorting of sawn raw material through 3 even diameters.

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Shaw, M. C. "Friction Sawing." CIRP Annals 37, no. 1 (1988): 331–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)61647-3.

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Bomba, J., M. Böhm, P. Šedivka, F. Friess, and R. Orálková. "Influence of Selected Factors on the Sawing Capacity of Sawmills in the Czech Republic." Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica 47, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sab-2016-0025.

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Abstract The paper deals with the influence of selected factors on the sawing capacity of small and medium-sized sawmills with a sawing capacity to 99 999 m3/year under the conditions of the Czech Republic. One of the objectives was to analyze the current state of production technology and machinery. In total, data was analyzed from 195 sawmills that were divided into five groups according to the volume of processed timber. A production function was created from the ascertained results in order to determine the sawing capacity for small and medium-sized sawmills. It was found out that sawing capacity is mostly affected by the number of employees. The influence of the degree of mechanization and the main sawing technology was evaluated, too.

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Xu, Xipeng, Yuan Li, and Stephen Malkin. "Forces and Energy in Circular Sawing and Grinding of Granite." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 123, no. 1 (March 1, 2000): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1344900.

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An investigation is reported of the forces and energy in circular sawing and grinding of gray granite. Measurements were made of the forces and power over a wide range of sawing and grinding conditions. Calculated tangential force components were found to be much different than the measured horizontal force components for sawing, but the two forces were almost identical for grinding. The location of the resultant force was proportionally further away from the bottom of the cutting zone with longer contact lengths. For sawing, the normal force per grain was nearly proportional to the calculated undeformed chip thickness. The G-ratios at different sawing rates reached a maximum value at the same intermediate undeformed chip thickness, which was attributed to a transition in the diamond wear mechanism from attrition to fracture at a critical normal force per grain. SEM observations indicated material removal mainly by brittle fracture, with some evidence of ductile plowing especially for grinding and to a lesser extent for sawing. The corresponding fracture energy was estimated to constitute a negligible portion of the total energy expenditure. About 30 percent of the sawing energy might be due to the interaction of the swarf with the applied fluid and bond matrix. Most of the energy for sawing and grinding is attributed to ductile plowing. Analogous to recent studies on grinding of ceramics and glass, the power per unit width was found to increase linearly with the generation of plowed surface area per unit width.

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Hu, Shan Shan, Ying Ning Hu, Bang Dao Chen, Yan Wang, and Xiao Dong Lai. "The Dynamic Characteristics of Concrete Sawing Based on Wavelet Multi-Scale Analysis." Materials Science Forum 770 (October 2013): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.770.303.

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Experiments of diamond sawblade sawing plain concrete are conducted with different sawing parameters. Real time signals of sawing force, vibration, acoustic emission and noise are collected, and Multi-scale wavelet analysis is adopted to analyze the interrelationship and interrelation of real time signals. Supervision and distinction of processing can achieved after Multi-scale wavelet analysis.

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Georgi, P., S. Eschelbacher, and H. C. Moehring. "UTILIZATION OF MACHINE LEARNING APPROACHES FOR TOOL WEAR DETECTION AND PREDICTION IN THE CIRCULAR SAWING PROCESS OF METALLIC MATERIALS." MM Science Journal 2021, no. 5 (November 3, 2021): 5120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17973/mmsj.2021_11_2021164.

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Efficiency plays a major role in many areas of the mechanical processing of metals. Especially in basic provision of raw material, for example by cutting components to length during sawing, high penetration and thus efficiency as well as high robustness of the process is required. Here, the sawing tool and its durability is the decisive component in the process. In today's state of the art, at least in modern sawing machines, the condition is recorded via the sawing tool course or also via the motor current. This gives the operator an initial indication of the tool condition. In current machines an extensive sensory recording for e.g., accelerations as a characteristic for the tool condition is not used. The aim of the investigations described in the paper was to use measurement data from various internal and external sensors to record the state of the sawing tool wear and to analyse it using machine learning approaches. For this purpose, cutting tests were carried out on a modern sawing centre and the acquired measurement data were an-alysed using a convolutional neural network (CNN). During the tests, the internal and external sensors were compared to show which of the sensors used provides the best results in detecting wear on sawing tools. The investigations show that the CNN is suitable for detecting tool wear by means of the sensors used, which can be used for on-line monitoring. Finally, an outlook is given, and it is shown how the CNN can be used for active control in the sawing process.

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Wang, Qing, Chao Chen, and Hai Zhang. "Risk Assessment of Sawing Machine Oriented to Mechanical Safety Design." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.21.

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Mechanical safety design is an important method to improve the safety of machinery. Comprehensive risk assessment for Machinery is an important part of the mechanical safety design. The risk of sawing machine is assessed based on the Basic concepts and general principles for design of mechanical safety (GB/T 157062007). Based on the results of the risk assessment, the risk factors of sawing machine are identified and appropriate safety technical measures are determined. The design requirements of the safety devices of sawing machine are analyzed. The result can effectively reduce the degree of risk of sawing machine.

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Fang, Cong Fu, and Xi Peng Xu. "The Effects of Machining Parameters on the Position of Resultant Force in Sawing of Granite." Key Engineering Materials 487 (July 2011): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.487.357.

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The effects of the machining parameters on the relative position of the resultant force were analyzed in circular sawing of granite with a diamond segmented blade. The horizontal and vertical force components and the power were measured. Calculated tangential and normal force components were subsequently used to calculate the relative position of resultant force besides the horizontal and vertical force components. It was found that the value of the relative position of resultant force in down sawing is less than that in up sawing. The shift of sawing swarf has heavy influence on the relative position of resultant force.

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Orłowski, Kazimierz A., and Przemysław Dudek. "Analysis of the design development of the sliding table saw spindles." Mechanik 90, no. 10 (October 9, 2017): 849–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2017.10.125.

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Producers of sliding table saws constantly strive for improvement in sawing accuracy. One of the method is an upswing in a spindle behavior, since, it affects to a large degree sawing effects. The design development of sliding table saw spindles during the last quarter-century is presented. The spindle system of the modernized spindle of the sawing machine Fx550 is described.

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Ivanovskiy, V. "Improving the quality of the band saw cut." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 875, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/875/1/012067.

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Abstract This article is devoted to the study of the dynamic characteristics of the band sawing process to improve their efficiency. The object of study is: band saw, softwood. A screening experiment was carried out when sawing with band saws to identify key influencing factors on the quality of the treated surface (roughness) and sawing force (sawing power). Rational values of key influencing factors were determined. The effectiveness of the sawing regimes with band saws was evaluated. In the course of laboratory tests of the new saw, it was found that the moisture content of the wood has the maximum effect on the quality of the sawing walls. According to the degree of influence of factors, the roughness of the cut depends on the moisture content of the wood, the feed per tooth, the type of cutting relative to the wood grain and the height of the cut. As a result of a multivariate experiment, two regression equations were obtained for the assumed roughness of the cut and the cutting power. The estimation of the significance of the coefficients in the given interval of variation of the influencing factors is carried out.

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Zhu, Zhao-Long, Wei-Hang Dong, Xiao-Dong (Alice) Wang, Xiao-Lei Guo, and Zhan-Wen Wu. "Noise Characteristics of Tungsten Circular Blade During Sawing of Medium Density Fiberboard." Science of Advanced Materials 13, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 1781–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2021.4069.

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This work deals with the noise generated from sawing processes of medium density fiberboard, where special attention was given to the changes in sawing noise at different cutting conditions when using circular saws with varied radial slots. The experimental results gave the following insights: The noise level in idling is positively related to the spindle speed. According to the noise power spectra, whistling noise is found during sawing processes, which is mainly caused by self-excited vibration of saw, and it had directivity. Furthermore, the radial slots have a different positive contribution to the noise reduction during idling, but has limited effect on the noise in cutting. In order to reduce the noise pollution induced by sawing, it was proposed to use circular saws with radial slots and copper plugged in its bottom for sawing of medium density fiberboard, in respect to low noise level and avoiding whistling noise.

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Tótin, Ákos, and Péter Pepó. "The effect of sowing date and plant density in three maize hybrids germination and growth dynamics." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 68 (February 18, 2016): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/68/1778.

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The maize research was set up on chernozem soil at Látókép research area of the Centre for Agricultural Sciences University of Debrecen. We examined the following hybrids SY ARIOSO (FAO 300), P9486 (FAO360), DKC 4943 (FAO 410). The experience was set u pin three different plant density. These were 60, 76 and 90 thousand plant ha-1. The experience was set up in three different sawing date, early, average and late. The germination and growing dynamic measurements was measured in three hybrid, three sawing date, three plant density in four replication. well observed at the first sawing date (April 5) the soil was too cold therefore the germination was begins very slowly to be slowly increased. The second sowing time was the average (April 21) there the germination launch as soon as possible more rapid growth in the amount of heat. We experienced the most intense germination was in the case of the emergence late sowing date (May 5). Looking at the growth dynamics for the first two sawing date was side by side and almost equal to the maximum value. This is explained by the adaptive capacity of the maize to compensate for the sawing difference. For the third time, despite the delayed sawing the maize began to grow more dynamically than in previous sawing times due to the results of the initial good conditions it growth faster than halted in the second half of the season because of the high temperatures and lack of precipitation.

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Jung, Jong-Suk, and Yoon-Ho Cho. "Comparison between Nurse-Saul and Arrhenius equations." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 36, no. 3 (March 2009): 514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l08-132.

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The primary objective of the present study is to assess the use of the maturity method to determine the joint sawing window and the traffic opening time on whitetopping construction in Korea. To determine the joint sawing time, it is necessary to determine the minimum strength not to have raveling and to identify the safe time of drying shrinkage. The present study found that the minimum compressive strength for joint sawing was 4.41 MPa (45 kg/cm2) and drying shrinkage occurred just after the concrete temperature peaked. The Nurse-Saul function was used for determining the joint sawing window and the traffic opening time because it better predicted in-place strength. The present study determined that the joint sawing window ranged from 210 °C·h to 310 °C·h (actual time of 6.5 to 9 h) and that the traffic opening time was after maturity values reached 390 °C·h for the mix at 20 °C.

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Zhang, Yu Xiang, Cong Fu Fang, Guo Qin Huang, Yi Qing Yu, and Xi Peng Xu. "Analysis of Temperatures in Sawing of Granite Based on Parabolic Heat Distribution." Key Engineering Materials 589-590 (October 2013): 184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.589-590.184.

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A temperature model was advanced based on a parabolic heat flux distribution in sawing contact zone in the present paper. It is found that the maximum temperature for parabolic distribution is more higher than that for triangular distribution in the sawing contact zone, and the location point of the maximum temperature for parabolic distribution in the sawing contact zone is much nearer the entrance than that for triangular distribution.

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Xie, Yu Jian. "The Application of PLC in Hydraulic Metal Band-Sawing Machine Improves Control Circuit." Advanced Materials Research 308-310 (August 2011): 2250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.308-310.2250.

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In order to solve the problem which causes high failure rate and low production efficient in the relay-contactor control system of hydraulic metal band-sawing machine, according to the technological requirement in the sawing process, the article uses PLC as controller to control hydraulic equipment automatically. The results showed that: the control circuit not only satisfies the technological requirement, but also makes sawing more stable and high efficiency.

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Hu, Shan Shan, Cheng Yong Wang, Bang Dao Chen, and Ying Ning Hu. "Dry-Cutting Concrete Study of Diamond Saw Blade with Different Segment Width." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.321.

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Three kind of diamond circular saw blade with different structure parameters are designed in this paper. Adopted single-factor test, sawing force and vibration are measured by cutting several kinds of strength concrete in different cutting parameters. The analysis to characters of sawing force and vibration helps to find out optimum structure of diamond saw blade with different segment width, more rational sawing parameter and its adaptability to workpiece material.

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Gao, Hang, Yuan Zhuang, Ben Wang, and Jun Liang Huang. "Study on the Combined Machining Technology of Sawing and Grinding for Drilling Aramid/Epoxy Composites." Advanced Materials Research 565 (September 2012): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.565.436.

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Aiming at the problem of poor machinability in conventional drilling of aramid/epoxy composites, the formation reason for fuzzing damage was analyzed. In order to obtain better machining quality, a combined machining technology based on sawing and grinding mechanism was proposed and the corresponding drilling tools were developed. Drilling experiments were conducted to explain the machining performance of the drilling tools. The results show that the sawing drilling tool with negative rake angle can effectively restrain fuzzing damage and the sawing-grinding drilling tool decreases the thrust force about 20%~55% with electroplated diamond abrasives. The combined machining technology of sawing and grinding achieves damage-free machining quality in drilling of aramid/epoxy composites.

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Schmidtner, Lea, Hannes Heinrich, Marcel Fuchs, Anke Pötzsch, Stefan Janz, Mathias Herrmann, Christos Aneziris, and Thomas Kaden. "Multi-Wire Sawing of Translucent Alumina Ceramics." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 4, no. 1 (January 11, 2020): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp4010002.

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Multi-wire sawing has emerged as the leading technology in wafer production for a variety of semiconductor materials. This study investigates the process stability and efficiency of conventional semiconductor multi-wire slurry saws in routinely machining translucent, high-density alumina ceramics. The brittle and fine-grained translucent alumina ceramics with extreme hardness and wear resistance represents a major challenge for the process. The alumina ceramic substrates are used for sensor applications, energy storage technology and applications in power electronics. An ideal adaptation of the sawing process parameters to the workpiece properties guarantees the efficiency of the slurry sawing process and the quality of the ceramic wafers. An indicator of the efficiency and cutting ability of the sawing process is the size of the bow of the wire web. The first time was shown that the wire bow can be used for the characterization of the sawing processes for hard and brittle technical ceramics. It was found that a longer workpiece length, a higher number of wafers and stronger abrasive wear lead to an increased size of the bow. The rocking frequency has no measurable influence on the size of the bow. Knowledge of these relations is an extremely valuable tool in the sawing process development for hard and brittle technical ceramics.

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Gao, Yaoyao, Yutong Wang, Aili Qu, Jiangming Kan, Feng Kang, and Yutan Wang. "Study of Sawing Parameters for Caragana korshinskii (C.K.) Branches." Forests 13, no. 2 (February 17, 2022): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13020327.

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To solve the problems of poor sawing surface quality, severe blade wear and high power consumption caused by unreasonable working parameters in the process of Caragana korshinskii (C.K.) stumping, this study explored the effects of branch diameter (D), sawing speed (vc), feeding speed (vf), cutting inclination (α), number of circular saw teeth (T) and moisture content (M) on sawing power consumption (P) and sawing surface quality (A) through a single-factor test using a homemade branch sawing bench. Based on the Box–Behnken design principle, a multi-factor test was carried out based on a single-factor test with vc, vf, α and T as influencing factors and with P and A as targets, establishing a regression model. The test results show that the sawing power consumption (P) increases with increasing D, decreases with increasing M, and decreases first and then increases with increasing vc, vf, α and T; the sawing surface quality (A) increases first and then decreases with increasing D, increases with increasing M, and first increases and then decreases with increasing vc, vf, α and T. The optimum combination of parameters for the regression model was obtained with vc of 45.24 m/s, vf of 0.34 m/s, α of 10° and T of 100, which resulted in the P of 177.46 J and A of 85.87%. The errors between the predicted and actual values of P and A are 3.1% and 6%, respectively. The study can provide information to support the development of subsequent C.K. stubble equipment.

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Jiao, Yang, Pei Qi Ge, Yu Fei Gao, and Wen Bo Bi. "Analysis of Temperature and Thermal Stress Distribution on KDP Crystal Wire Saw Slicing." Advanced Materials Research 1027 (October 2014): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1027.28.

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Temperature variation of KDP crystal is an important reason for its cracking. A finite element model was constructed to analyze temperature and thermal stress distribution of KDP crystal during wire saw slicing. The results showed that the highest temperature of the crystal which was located on the sawing kerf remained stable during slicing. The temperature inside the crystal rose slowly at the start of the slicing, and then tended steady with the continued increase of sawing depth. Because of the good cooling condition during the sawing process, the overall rise in temperature was small, and the maximum thermal stress on the sawing kerf was less than the tensile strength of KDP crystal, so temperature variation during slicing had little effect on crystal cracking.

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Meng, J. F., Jian Feng Li, Pei Qi Ge, and W. Gao. "Removal Mechanism in Wire-Sawing of Hard-Brittle Material." Materials Science Forum 471-472 (December 2004): 192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.471-472.192.

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A better understanding of the hard-brittle material removal mechanism in wire-sawing provides a basis for optimizing the wire-saw and processing parameters. The maximum cutting depth of each diamond grain in wire-sawing is given. It is proved theoretically that the deformation mode on the machined hard-brittle material surface gradually shifts from brittle fracture to ductile deformation with the increasing of wire-saw velocity, the decreasing of infeed velocity and the decreasing of average grain size. The experimental investigation on the wire-sawing of granite is carried out. It is shown that in the case of wire-saw velocity of 20m/s, infeed velocity of 0.15mm/s and diamond grain size of 200~230#, the removal mechanism in wire-sawing is ductile mode.

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Guo, Xiao Lei, Hui Nan Liu, Wei Gao, Ping Xiang Cao, and Yong Guo. "Effects of Spindle Speed on Surface Qualities in WPC Sawing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 33 (October 2010): 487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.33.487.

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Wood plastic composites (WPCs) are the industrial products. It is made out of wood waste fibre and waste plastic glued together by heat and pressure. Nowadays WPCs products are preferred over solid wood in many applications due to certain comparative advantages. Sawing is the machining operation frequently used in manufacturing parts of WPCs. The aim of this article is to study the effect of cutting speed on surface roughness in different WPCs sawing. A plan of WPCs sawing experiments was preformed with prefixed cutting parameters. The objective was to establish correlation between rice hull flour/PE composite, rice hull flour/PP, rice hull flour/PVC and cutting speed with the surface roughness after sawing. The results show that the spindle speed had significant effects on the surface qualities of rice hull flour/PE composites, rice hull flour/PVC composites and rice hull flour/PP composites. The advantage of using a high cutting speed in WPCs sawing is evident. With appropriate cutting parameters, one can obtain surfaces with Ra＜6μm and to get surfaces qualities (dimensional precision) in workpiece of different WPCs.

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Sofronia, Raluca Elena, Arjana Davidescu, and George Gustav Savii. "Towards a Virtual Reality Simulator for Orthognathic Basic Skils." Applied Mechanics and Materials 162 (March 2012): 352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.162.352.

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Bone sawing skill demands a high level of dexterity from the surgeon that can be achieved only with a lot of training. Sawing is a basic skill required in many procedures, such as: osteotomy, ostectomy, amputation and arthroplasty surgery. Inefficient sawing can lead in orthognathic surgery to nerve lesion, bad split and non-union. Using virtual reality technology this complications can be reduced, by training the students on simulators until they assimilate the skill. This paper presents an early prototype for a bone sawing simulator in orthognathic surgery. A voxel-based mandible model obtained from a Computer Tomography is cut by removing the voxels that are inside the saw blade. The collision detection is based on hierarchical bounding volumes. The removal process is observed both visually and haptically.

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Tan, Xin, Hu Huang, Lin Chen, and Qing Bin Zhang. "Dynamic Analysis of Metal Circular Saw Blade." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.222.

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During the sawing process of cold sawing machine, it emergences of blade wear too fast, the current is too large, sawing not high quality of rolled products,Be aimed at those problem, the paper established the finite element of side shake structure saw blade and ordinary flat blade model, and using the ANSYS finite element analysis software to make the dynamics calculation about the two kinds of saw blade. Through the analysis and comparison of backlash saw blade and natural frequency, different cutting parameters effect of stress and deformation of the saw tooth transient, and the simulation results will be applied to the field of sawing testsThe results show that the backlash saw blade in the vibration characteristics, performance and other aspects of the force and deformation are improved compared with the ordinary blade

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Chen, Chao Chang Arthur, Bing Lin Kuo, and Jiun Shuo Liang. "Chip Size Estimation for Effective Blending Ratio of Slurries in Wire Sawing of Silicon Wafers for Solar Cells." Advanced Materials Research 76-78 (June 2009): 422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.76-78.422.

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Multi-wire sawing process with slurry has been popularly adopted for wafer slicing of silicon substrates for solar cells. This paper is to investigate the chip size estimation for effective blending ratio of mixing slurry of wire sawing. Different combination of slurry has been studied with microscopic pictures of abrasive grits by SEM and distribution of particle size of slurry. The chip size can be estimated by the developed method and then the TTV of sliced substrates is used to evaluate the blending ratio of slurry for cost efficiency of wire sawing. Experimental results indicate that the slurry with certain ratio of reborn grits increases the TTV value of sliced substrates. As the weight percentage of silicon chips is above 6 % for the blending ratio of 50% reborn abrasive grits after sawing run 2, the slurry is suggested to be changed to new slurry for wire sawing. Under this developed rule, the average TTV can be maintained under 0.016 mm for nominal thickness of 200 m silicon substrates. Results of this paper can be used to estimate the feasible blending ratio for maintaining the TTV under the desired specifications of silicon substrates for cost efficiency.

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Buyuksagis, I. S. "The effects of circular sawblade diamond segment characteristics on marble processing performance." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 224, no. 8 (December 9, 2009): 1559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1950.

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Utilizing a fully instrumented block-cutter, an experimental study was carried out to investigate the effects of diamond/metal matrix properties on the sawing performance of segmented circular sawblades. Six commercially available sawblades differing in segment compositions were used in the sawing experiments of Afyon Tiger Skin Marble. Bond compositions of the tested sawblades were determined by carrying out energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer analysis. The sawing tests were performed in the down-cutting mode. The sawing performances of the sawblades were evaluated in terms of cutting specific energy (SE), cutting force, axial force, and force ratio (ratio of tangential to normal force). The worn surfaces of the diamond segments were examined by scanning electron microscope micrographs. Upon evaluation of the experimental data, it was concluded that the determined performance criteria from laboratory sawing tests can aid manufacturers in the design of appropriate sawblades for specific rock types. Valid for the employed machining parameters, tested sawblade types, and workpiece properties, the results of a multiple linear regression analysis have indicated that the Sn percentage of the segment matrix, the diamond concentration, and the matrix hardness are the common dominant variables that affect cutting SE, axial force, and cutting force.

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., Edi Suhaimi Bakar, Fauzi Febrianto ., Imam Wahyudi ., and Zaidon Ashaari . "Polygon Sawing: An Optimum Sawing Pattern for Oil Palm Stems." Journal of Biological Sciences 6, no. 4 (June 15, 2006): 744–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2006.744.749.

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Hu, Ying Ning, Cheng Yong Wang, Shan Shan Hu, Bang Dao Chen, and Chang Xiong Chen. "Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of Diamond Saw Blade with Multi-Hole Base and Different Segment Width." Key Engineering Materials 375-376 (March 2008): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.375-376.369.

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By FEM module analysis and temperature distribution analysis of diamond saw blade with multi-holes base and different segment width, influence of different hole diameter, hole number and segment width to nature frequency is clear. Adopted single-factor test, sawing force and acoustic emission signal are measured by cutting several kinds of strength concrete in different cutting parameters. The analysis to characters of sawing force and acoustic emission helps to find out optimum structure of diamond saw blade with different segment width, more rational sawing parameter and its adaptability to workpiece material.

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Huang, Han, An Shun He, Cheng Wei Kang, Yu Xing Zhang, Feng Jun Chen, Hui Huang, Shao Hui Yin, Xi Peng Xu, and Yue Hui He. "Machining Characteristics of Multilayered Thin Film Solar Panels in Diamond Wire Sawing and Grinding." Advanced Materials Research 797 (September 2013): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.797.85.

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t is challenging to achieve good surface quality and high efficiency simultaneously when machining thin film solar panels. In this study the machining characteristics of a multilayered thin film structure were investigated using diamond wire sawing and grinding. It was found that the efficiency in sawing was significantly greater than that of the employed grinding process, but the machined surface quality was much worse. The results indicated that grinding could still be the solution for such processing and sawing must be improved before this technology could be further progressed for machining thin film multilayered structures.

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Nixon, Mignon. "Louise Lawler: No Drones." October 147 (January 2014): 20–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00164.

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Hitler deployed the first pilot-less flying bombs, the doodlebugs, as weapons of terror over London. “The drone of the planes,” Virginia Woolf related, is “like the sawing of a branch overhead. Round and round it goes, sawing and sawing.” It falls to the civilian under aerial attack to “fight with the mind” by “thinking against the current, not with it.” Thinking in darkness, thinking in bed, thinking with the unconscious—Woolf defends the supposedly “futile activity of idea-making” as a counterpoint to the drone of war.

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Liu, Chuangmin, Jean-Claude Ruel, Art Groot, and S. Y. Zhang. "Model development for lumber volume recovery of natural balsam fir trees in Quebec, Canada." Forestry Chronicle 85, no. 6 (December 1, 2009): 870–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc85870-6.

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To improve the precision of sawing simulations, 4 regression models were developed to predict simulated lumber volume recovery using tree size variables. Simulated lumber volume recoveries from natural balsam fir trees based on the sawing simulator Optitek were different from real lumber volume recoveries from a stud sawmill because the simulation method only takes wane into consideration. Therefore, 2 methods were developed to correct estimated lumber volume recoveries. The results indicate that the lumber volume correction models for stem deformations could adjust the predictions of lumber volume recovery from the simulation and directly from the sawing simulator to obtain more accurate estimates. With the correction models, the lumber volume recovery from natural balsam fir trees could be estimated directly using easily measured tree DBH and height from the forest resource inventory. Key words: balsam fir, stem deformation, product recovery, sawing simulation, correction models, regression model

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Belley, Denis, Isabelle Duchesne, Steve Vallerand, Julie Barrette, and Michel Beaudoin. "Computed tomography (CT) scanning of internal log attributes prior to sawing increases lumber value in white spruce (Picea glauca) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana)." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 49, no. 12 (December 2019): 1516–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0409.

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The increased pressure on timber supply due to a reduced forest land base urges the development of new approaches to fully capture the value of forest products. This paper investigates the effects of knowing the position of knots on lumber volume, value, and grade recoveries in curve sawing of 31 white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and 22 jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) trees. Internal knot position was evidenced by X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging, followed by the application of a knot-detection algorithm allowing log reconstruction for use as input in the Optitek sawing simulation software. Comparisons of the three levels of sawing optimization (sweep up, shape optimized, and knot optimized) revealed that considering internal knots before log sawing (e.g., knot optimized) generated 23% more lumber value for jack pine and 15% more for white spruce compared with the traditional sweep-up sawing strategy. In terms of lumber quality, the knot-optimized strategy produced 38% more pieces of grade No. 2 and better in jack pine and 15% more such pieces in white spruce compared with the sweep-up strategy. These results indicate a great potential to increase manufacturing efficiency and profitability by implementing the CT scanning technology, which should aid in developing a strong bioeconomy based on an optimized use of wood.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sawing'

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