Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sawmills. Wood waste. Wood chips

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Sawmills. Wood waste. Wood chips'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Sawmills. Wood waste. Wood chips"

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Mirski, Radosław, Adam Derkowski, Dorota Dziurka, Marek Wieruszewski, and Dorota Dukarska. "Effects of Chip Type on the Properties of Chip–Sawdust Boards Glued with Polymeric Diphenyl Methane Diisocyanate." Materials 13, no. 6 (March 14, 2020): 1329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13061329.

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This study investigates the effects of chip type and sawdust percentage on physical and mechanical properties of chip–sawdust boards. The used wood chips varied in linear dimensions and original source. The origin determined the wood quality, which translated into the chips’ linear dimensions. The used materials were chips from sawmill waste processing, aggregate processing of sawmill wood, and chips intended for medium-density boards. The experiment demonstrated that the best boards in terms of mechanical properties were obtained from 4-mm-thick chips with 30% sawdust content and a density of 850 kg/m3. These boards meet the requirements of the EN 312 (2010) standard for P5 boards.
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Rejdak, Michał, Agata Czardybon, Karina Ignasiak, and Jolanta Robak. "Utilization of waste forest biomass: pelletization studies of torrefied sawmill wood chips." E3S Web of Conferences 100 (2019): 00068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910000068.

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The paper presents the effects pelletization process of torrefied waste forest biomass – sawmill wastes. The sawmill waste are generated in significant quantities and has significant energy potential. The use of torrefaction and pelletization process enables to produce mechanically durable fuel pellets. Aim of the studies was to evaluate the effect of different kind of additives (binders) to torrefied waste forest biomass on pelletization process characteristic (production capacity, energy consumption) and properties of produced pellets (i.e. density, mechanical durability). The most effective binder among the tested was modified wheat starch. Pellets made with this addition were characterized by the highest mechanical strength.
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Shaikh, Sohel. "Design and Improvement of Existing Briquette Making Machine." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 20, 2021): 1391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35060.

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There has been a recent push to replace the burning of fossil fuels with biofuel. The replacement of this non-renewable energy resources with biological waste lowers the overall pollution of the world. The waste biomass similar to dry leaves, sawdust, rice husk, coffee husk etc. are gathered and compressed into the briquettes, these briquettes can also transport and used as fuel to generate heat and energy. It is a time to take initiative to turn Biomass into a source of energy. Hence here we are taking responsibility in converting agricultural and forestry wastes into useful biomass briquettes, which can also be used as a substitute for Coal and other non-renewable resources. Biomass briquettes are a biofuel substitute or replacement to a coal and charcoal. Biomass briquettes can be manufactured by using agricultural and forestry waste. The low-density biomass Is converted into high density biomass briquettes with the help of a briquetting machine that Uses binder or without binder i.e., binder less technique, as there is no any type of chemical is used so it is 100% natural. The mostly used raw material for biomass briquettes, Mustard Stalks, Sawdust, Groundnut Shell, Coffee Husk, Coir Pitch, Jute Sticks, Sugarcane Bagasse, Rice Husk, Cotton Stalks, Caster Seed Shells / Stalk, Wood Chips, Paddy straw, Tobacco Waste, Tea Waste, maize stalks, bajra Cobs, Arhar stalks, Bamboo Dust, Wheat Straw, Sunflower Stalk, Palm Husk, Soya bean Husk, Veneer Residues, Barks & Straws, Leaf’s, Pine Niddle, Seeds Cases etc. are used. Biomass Briquette are largely used for any type of thermal application, like steam generation in Boilers, in furnace & foundries (It can be used for metal heating & melting where melting point Is less than 1000d/cel.), for heating purpose (Residential & Commercial Heating in winter, Heating in Cold areas and Hotels, Canteens, Cafeterias and house hold kitchen appliances, restaurants etc.), There are several machines available in market but those machines are bulky and are costly, hence here we have developed a portable, low-cost briquetting machine, which makes use of simple mechanism to convert the biological waste into useful briquettes. Any waste or any proportion of Agri waste can be used but with proper binding agent. Some raw materials doesn’t require any binding material high pressure compression is used. The paper presents the results of a project focused on the development of briquettes from the sawdust (Waste Wood) resulting from the primary waste from timber companies. This sawdust currently lacks a useful purpose, and its indiscriminate burning generates CO and CO2 emissions which are harmful to nature. Sawmill Agri waste is a huge problem specially in urban cities. These wastes are burnt openly which is causing environmental pollution and also becomes reason for human health care.
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Ilyushenko, D. A., V. A. Markov, V. A. Sokolova, and V. A. Kalyashov. "Improving the use of wood waste." E3S Web of Conferences 193 (2020): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019302008.

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On the territory of our country, including St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region, there are a large number of enterprises engaged in the processing of wood for various purposes, among which, to a large extent, there are enterprises involved in the primary processing of wood in sawmills. The resulting wood waste from bark and sawdust, in most enterprises, lead to rotting processes. The issue of the utilization of these wastes in practice can increase the production culture, increase the amount of recyclable waste from a timber processing enterprise and, thus, increase its efficiency. The article describes a mathematical model for the dynamic compaction of ground wood bark with the aim of producing fuel briquettes of their debarking waste.
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Yang, P., and B. M. Jenkins. "Wood residues from sawmills in California." Biomass and Bioenergy 32, no. 2 (February 2008): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.09.001.

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Kurata, Yasundo, Yoichi Watanabe, Yusaku Ono, and Kiyoshi Kawamura. "Concentrations of organic wood preservatives in wood chips produced from wood wastes." Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 7, no. 1 (March 5, 2005): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10163-004-0124-z.

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Owoyemi, Jacob Mayowa, Habeeb Olawale Zakariya, and Isa Olalekan Elegbede. "Sustainable wood waste management in Nigeria." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/environ-2016-0012.

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Abstract Wood industries produce large volumes of residues which must be utilized, marketed or properly disposed of. Heaps of wood residues are common features in wood industries throughout the year. In Nigeria, this residue is generally regarded as waste and this has led to open burning practices, dumping in water bodies or dumping in an open area which constitutes environmental pollution. Sawmills in Nigeria generated over 1,000,000 m3 of wood waste in 2010 while about 5000 m3 of waste was generated in plywood mills. Nigeria generates about 1.8 million tons of sawdust annually and 5.2 million tons of wood wastes. The impact of improper disposal of waste wood on the environment affects both the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Also burning of waste wood releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere causing various health issues. Reuse/recycling of these wood residues in Nigeria will reduce the pressure on our ever decreasing forests, reduce environmental pollution, create wealth and employment. The literature available on this subject was reviewed and this article, therefore, focuses on the various methods of wood waste disposal and its utilization in Nigerian wood industries, the effects of wood waste on the environment as well as on human health and the benefits of proper wood waste management practices.
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Simal Alves, Luciane, Sérgio Augusto Mello da Silva, Maximiliano dos Anjos Azambuja, Luciano Donizeti Varanda, Andre Luis Christofóro, and Francisco Antonio Rocco Lahr. "Particleboard Produced with Sawmill Waste of Different Wood Species." Advanced Materials Research 884-885 (January 2014): 689–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.884-885.689.

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This study aimed to investigate physical performance of particleboards produced with waste from sawmills, containing different wood species, and two adhesives: urea-formaldehyde (UF) based resin and castor-oil (PU) based bi-component polyurethane resin. Panels were produced with nominal density 0.8gcm-3; pressing temperature 110°C; pressing time 10 min; specific pressure 5 MPa. Water absorption (2 and 24h); thickness swelling (2 and 24h); density; and moisture content were investigated. Results confirmed that the produced panels presented compatible physical properties in comparison with other researches referred in literature, proving the feasibility of inputs employed. Panels produced PU showed better performance than those produced with UF.
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Brožek, M., A. Nováková, and M. Kolářová. "Quality evaluation of briquettes made from wood waste." Research in Agricultural Engineering 58, No. 1 (March 15, 2012): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/33/2011-rae.

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At logging and at the subsequent wood and wood semi-products treatment the fine grained loose waste arises, e.g. wood dust, saw dust, shavings, chips, bark etc. One of possibilities of its meaningful utilization is the briquetting technology, products of which are briquettes determined for energetic utilization (combustion). In the paper the experimental results are published. The briquettes quality evaluation was their aim. For the briquetting tests bark (pine), shavings (about 90% spruce + 10% pine), sawdust (spruce), birch chips and poplar chips were used. The basic physical-mechanical properties were the evaluation criteria. Following properties were determined: gross calorific value, total moisture content, density, rupture force, length, diameter, density and mechanical durability.
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Choi, Jae-Jin, and Kwan-Ho Lee. "Performance of Sidewalk Pavement Containing Waste-Wood Chips." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 42, no. 1 (October 15, 2013): 20120253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte20120253.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sawmills. Wood waste. Wood chips"

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Wallace, Robert D. "Improving sawmill residue chip quality." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03242009-040800/.

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Taylor, Alexander. "Strategies for co-operated wood chip fired and municipal waste fired combined heat and power plants." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-96751.

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The Brista 1 plant is a wood chip-fired combined heat and power (CHP) plant located near Märsta, northwest of Stockholm, Sweden. The primary purpose of the plant is to supply heat to the northwest district heating grid. In order to meet increasing demand for district heating, Fortum Heat is constructing a second CHP plant next to Brista 1. The Brista 2 plant will use a mixture of municipal and industrial waste as fuel. Due to changes in the European Green Certificate program, the fuel subsidies for wood chips will be significantly reduced. This will cause the Brista 1 plant to incur significantly increased operating costs. The Brista 2 plant, however, will not be affected by these changes and will therefore be much cheaper to run than Brista 1. However, due to the large demand for district heating it will be necessary to run both plants in parallel at certain times in order to meet the heating demand and/or maximize revenue during periods of high electricity demand. A computer program has been constructed using MATLAB which simulates the Brista 1 and 2 plants and their combined operation in both backpressure and direct condensing mode. The results show that the optimum allocation of heat production does not seem to be affected by electricity price assuming both plants are operated in backpressure mode. The reason for this would seem to be that the production costs (fuel, emissions, O&M) are unaffected by the electricity price. Therefore, the allocation which maximizes electrical power production, and thus revenue from electricity sales, will always be favored. In certain cases, it is more profitable to run the Brista 1 plant in direct condensing mode. The reason for this would seem to be that the thermal efficiency is somewhat higher, and that at low electricity prices the revenues from electricity sales do not offset the cost of the reduced heat production.
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Martin, W. "Recovery of impregnated gold from waste mine timber through biological degradation." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2156.

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Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Technikon, 2000.
The large quantities of wood chips produced at mines from damaged underground timber contain gold that cannot be completely recovered by cyanidation. A fungus that can degrade a portion of the wood matrix will allow the gold that was previously locked up, to come into contact with the cyanide solution during beneficiation, thereby improving recoveries. The fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium produces enzymes that use the organic compounds found in lignin as substrate. Consequently, the fungus is able to selectively break down lignin, which is one of the major components of wood. Chips sampled from Vaal Reef Mine contained between 2 and 5 mg/kg gold. The main source of gold in the chips was determined to be impregnated gold-bearing ore and discrete gold particles. Direct cyanidation resulted in around 60 per cent recovery prior to biological treatment. Despite relatively high weight losses caused to the chips as a result of treatment with Phanerochaete chrysosporium gold recovery only increased 10 per cent after 4 weeks treatment compared to direct recovery without treatment.
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Chen, Tzu-Hung, and 陳智揚. "A Study of Lightweight Geopolymers Made from Waste Wood-Chips." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xxecun.

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碩士
正修科技大學
營建工程研究所
106
In this study main used of alkali activation technology, excited slag powder cementation capacity, first production of slag powder geopolymer, slag powder geopolymer trial mix ratios(1)alkali equivalent(AE) was set to 6%, 8% and 10% ,(2)alkali modulus ratio (MS) was set to1.0,1.5 and 2.0,(3) liquid binder ratio, such as the deployment of 1.67,1.25and 1, mixing production 5cm * 5cm * 5cm test samples,(4) cured 3 days, 7 days and 28 days, after executed the compression test, taked the best ratio used as cementation material of waste wood-chips brick. Secondly production of waste wood-chips brick geopolymer trial mix ratios(1)alkali equivalent(AE) was set to 6%, 8% and 10% ,(2)alkali modulus ratio (MS) was set to1.0,1.5 and 2.0,(3) liquid binder ratio, such as the deployment of 1.67,1.25and 1,(4)binder aggregate ratio was set to3,4 and 5,and pouring set to 5cm*5cm*5cm test specimens, and then moved to 60 ℃oven for 48 hours after, then form removal, to curing 3 days, 7 days and 28 days after executed a series of tests, base mechanics features of the brick through tests of setting time, compressive strength, water absorption and thermal conductivity, target for the production could meet the CNS 382 common brick specifications requirements. From the experimental results show (1)setting time of slag powder geopolymer cementitious material decrases with equivalent alkali increase, it decreases with liquid binder ratio shorten. among them, the AE = 6%, Ms = 2.0, L / S = 1.0, the setting time was shortest. setting time of waste wood-chips geopolymer brick decreases with equivalent alkali, liquid binder ratio and binder aggregate ratio increase.(2)compressive strength of slag powder geopolymer cementitious material increases with equivalent alkali increase, its 28-days compressive strength is the highest, it grows by 41%,compressive strength decreases with liquid binder ratio increase, its 28-days compressive strength grows by 22%, compressive strength increases with liquid binder ratio decrease, its 28-days compressive strength grows by 39%. (3)compressive strength of waste wood-chips geopolymer brick increases with equivalent alkali a increase, its compressive strength grows by 65%, compressive strength increases with binder aggregate ratio increase, its 28-days compressive strength grows by 21%relatively. (4)water absorption of waste wood-chips geopolymer brick decreases with equivalent alkali and binder aggregate ratio increase, increases with liquid binder ratio increase, among them, the AE = 6%, L/S = 1.0, B/A = 5the water absorption was lowest.(5)thermal conductivity of waste wood-chips geopolymer brick in all ratios are between 0.466 and 0.762W / m × k, its thermal conductivity is lower than normal concrete, its representation, waste wood-chips geopolymer brick is good insulation green building materials. (6) The best ratio of waste wood-chips geopolymer brick were alkali equivalent(AE) was 6%, 8% and 10%, alkali modulus ratio (MS) was 2.0, liquid binder ratio was1.0, binder aggregate ratio was 5, it can meet the compressive strength and water absorption requirement of CNS-382 common brick.
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Lin, Li-Ting, and 林昱廷. "Properties of Low Formaldehyde Emission and Fire Resistant Particleboard Made from Recycled Wood-Waste Chips." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33607654123533622437.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
森林環境暨資源學研究所
94
The objective of this study was to manufacture low formaldehyde emission particleboard made from recycled wood-waste chips by using isocyanate (PMDI) and phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins for use in indoor environments. The influence of PMDI/PF ratios in particles on the formaldehyde emissions and its mechanical properties were investigated. The experimental results showed that the formaldehyde emissions decreased linearly with an increase of PMDI/PF particles ratio. Their relationship could be represented by the linear regression formula. The value of formaldehyde emissions was below 0.3 mg/L, when the weight percentage of PMDI/particles was up to 70%. The formaldehyde emissions of melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin-impregnated paper overlaid particleboard was 17% lower than that of particleboard. Moreover, the bending strength, internal bonding strength and screw holding strength increased with an increase of PMDI/PF particles ratio. However, the thickness swelling (%) of the particleboards was decreased with an increase of PMDI/PF particles ratio. In addition, there were significant positive relationships between the ultrasonic velocity and the bending strength, internal bonding strength and screw holding strength of the particleboard, and this meant that we could evaluate the properties of the particleboard using ultrasonic velocity. The fire-resistance properties of the fire-retardant treated particleboard could pass the standard of “Grade 3 Imcombustibility” as specified by CNS 6532. The bending strength, internal bonding strength, and screw holding strength were lower than particleboard but the thickness swelling (%) was improved.
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Penniall, Chris. "Feasibility study into the potential for gasification plant in the New Zealand wood processing industry : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Canterbury /." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2159.

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Books on the topic "Sawmills. Wood waste. Wood chips"

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Everson, Vern A. Wisconsin wood residue study: Wood residue from manufacturing excluding sawmills. [Madison, Wis.]: Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources, Bureau of Forestry, 1993.

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Wood Burners. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1997.

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Mihalyo, Daniel. Wood burners. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1997.

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Kostiuk, A. P. Reduction of sawdust in sawmill operations. [Toronto]: Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy, 1995.

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New Zealand. National Task Goup Investigating Site Contamination From the Use of Timber Treatment Chemicals. The Report of the National Task Group Investigating Site Contamination Chemicals: A report to the Minister for the Environment. [Wellington, N.Z.]: Ministry for the Environment, 1992.

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University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Cooperative Extension Service. A Homeowner's guide to recycling yard wastes: How to improve the health and quality of your yard and garden by using grass clippings, leaves [and] wood chips. Springfield, Ill: Illinois Dept. of Energy and Natural Resources, Office of Solid Waste and Renewable Resources, 1990.

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Fokin, Sergey. Improvement of technical means for processing waste from logging operations for fuel chips in felling conditions. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24135.

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Currently, wood waste in the form of a dissected crown on the ground and the root fraction of the tree's biomass in the ground remain in felling areas, becoming potentially dangerous combustible materials in the event of forest fires, as well as obstacles to reforestation activities, and possible foci of infections. Shredding wood waste into wood chips will solve the problem of their disposal by using fuel chips as an additional source of heat energy. In the present work, the influence of design and operational parameters of milling machines with a modernized hydraulic system and equipped with active working bodies on the process of shredding wood waste is established. The annual economic effect from the introduction of the developed complex of wood waste shredding machines and economic indicators from the use of fuel chips are given. This publication is intended for undergraduates and postgraduates engaged in scientific research in the field of forestry mechanization.
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Chips And Wood Waste The Pulpwood. 2000 World Market Forecasts for Imported Pulpwood, Chips and Wood Waste. Icon Group International, 2000.

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United States. Army. Corps of Engineers., ed. Environmental assessment: Barge loading facilities in conjunction with wood chipping and sawlog mill : Tennessee River mile 145.9R. [Knoxville, Tenn.?: Tennessee Valley Authority, 1990.

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United States. Army. Corps of Engineers., ed. Environmental assessment: Barge loading facilities in conjunction with wood chipping and sawlog mill : Tennessee River mile 145.9R. [Knoxville, Tenn.?: Tennessee Valley Authority, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sawmills. Wood waste. Wood chips"

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Bonfatti Júnior, Eraldo Antonio, Thiago Campos Monteiro, and Elaine Cristina Lengowski. "Wood Waste Characterization and Reuse Possibilities." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 369–85. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4921-6.ch018.

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Wood is the most versatile natural material. It can be used to obtain sawn wood, wood for civil construction, naval purpose, packaging, furniture, wood flooring, composites, bioenergy, pulp and paper. More recently, nanotechnology and the biorefinery processes create new possibilities for wood use; however, wood processing still generates a large amount of waste. Wood can be processed mechanically or chemically. The mechanical processing of wood has residues like sawdust, cuttings, and wood chips. From the chemical processing of wood, the main residue is black liquor.
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Conference papers on the topic "Sawmills. Wood waste. Wood chips"

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Lefcort, Malcolm D., and E. L. S. (Ted) Skodje. "Sawmill, Wood Waste Fuelled, 100% Recuperated, 5 MW Gas Turbine Co-Generation Plant." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-062.

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Sawmills in the Canadian province of British Columbia (BC) will soon be confronted with a collective wood waste disposal problem (bark, sawdust and shavings) of about 3 Million bone dry tonne/y at an average wet basis moisture content of about 45%. About 40 existing sawmill beehive burners presently incinerate this waste. Emissions from these beehive burners exceed current provincial particulate limits. Markets for the waste — board plants, sawdust digesters, charcoal plants, etc. — are limited. The economics of 25 to 50 MW wood-fired, steam power plants is poor. 6¢/kW.h is needed to finance a plant; the major utility offers 2¢/kW.h. This paper describes a 3 MW to 5 MW, Nuovo Pignone PGT-5 co-generation plant fuelled by the 2000°F (1093°C) exhaust from a Heuristic EnvirOcycler, a two-stage, wood waste incinerator. The exhaust meets BC’s particulate limit of 0.052 grains/dscf (120 mg/Nm3). 37 to 65 Million Btu/h (39 to 68 GJ/h) of waste heat can be recovered from the system exhausts. In this application the PGT-5’s external combustion chamber is replaced by a “recuperator”, i.e., a high temperature, gas-to-air, heat exchanger. Two variations of the basic system are examined. One features a larger than necessary EnvirOcycler to generate additional steam in the waste heat boiler. The other variation discusses heating 1,550°F (843°C) air from the recuperator up to 1,796°F (980°C) with natural gas. The extra power generated can cost as little as 1.9¢/kW.h.
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Lindsey, C., M. Sawyer, A. Schmidt, P. Aubrey, and A. Webster. "Emissions Performance of a Novel Combustor Burning Shredded Wood." In 17th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec17-2344.

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The Air Force Research Laboratory, Airbase Technologies Division (AFRL/RXQ) is engineering and evaluating the Transportable Waste-to-Energy System (TWES). This trailer mounted system will convert military base waste and biomass waste streams to useful heat and power. The Department of Energy (DOE) Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) is a TWES funding partner. The first stage of the project is a suspension-type combustor (furnace). The furnace has been built and tested. A key feature of the furnace system is its unique patented combustion coil design. The design is intended to maximize ablative heat transfer by increasing particle residence time near a radiant ignition source. The innovative features of the design are targeted at ensuring that the system can be highly fuel-flexible to convert a variety of biomass and other waste streams to energy while demonstrating very low emissions. In 2008, the unit underwent two days of emissions stack testing using established Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) testing protocols. During the testing, extensive real-time data were also collected. This paper presents the data and corresponding analysis of the recent emissions testing performed while utilizing dry wood chips as a control fuel. Detailed emission comparisons are presented using publicly available information from commercial units and from a similarly sized experimental system for small biomass combustion. Key combustion efficiency factors, such as carbon monoxide emissions and nitrogen oxide emissions are presented. The authors also provide commentary on the results for next generation units and the use of this mode of energy conversion for small scale systems.
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Evans, R. L. "Gas Turbine Research at the University of British Columbia." In ASME 1989 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/89-gt-18.

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This paper describes two gas turbine related research projects in the department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of British Columbia. Of the two projects described, one involves fundamental turbomachinery research while the second is a more applied project concerned with gas turbine based cogeneration systems in process industries. In the fundamental research area, both an experimental and computational study of unsteady boundary layer development on turbomachinery blading is described. The applied research program involves an engineering and economic assessment of a gas turbine based cogeneration system for sawmills. The system is designed to use wood-waste generated during the saw-milling process as a source of heat for an indirectly fired gas turbine. Studies to date indicate that such a system could result in many sawmills becoming completely energy self-sufficient.
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DĄBROWSKA, Magdalena, Milena JAWOREK, Adam ŚWIĘTOCHOWSKI, and Aleksander LISOWSKI. "VALUABLE ENERGY OF BIOCHAR FROM AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST WASTE STREAMS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.011.

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Wastes from forest and agricultural industry are still insufficiently used. One of the ways of their preprocessing is a pyrolysis process. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the energetic properties of biochar made of walnut shells, forest wood chips and willow chips. The studies were performed according to standards. The moisture contents of the material, the ash contents, the net and gross calorific values were determined. Low moisture and ash content were found in each of the biochar species. For all tested samples the ash contents were lower than 6% and for forest wood chips it was 1.5% only. The way of processing the biomass in the pyrolysis process significantly increased the calorific value of the raw materials. It was found that the net calorific values of the tested materials were high and reached the amount of 26.58 MJ‧kg-1 for biochar made of walnut shells, 22.29 MJ‧kg-1 for biochar made of forest wood chips and 24.59 MJ‧kg-1 for biochar made of willow chips. Due to the good physical properties of biochar produced from waste and biological materials, it was found that these solid fuels can be used for energy purposes.
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Safarianbana, Sahar, Runar Unnthorsson, and Christiaan Richter. "Development of a New Stoichiometric Equilibrium-Based Model for Wood Chips and Mixed Paper Wastes Gasification by ASPEN Plus." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10586.

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Abstract Wood and paper residues are usually processed as wastes, but they can also be used to produce electrical and thermal energy through processes of thermochemical conversion of gasification. This study proposes a new steady state simulation model for down draft waste biomass gasification developed using the commercial software Aspen Plus for optimization of the gasifier performance. The model was validated by comparison with experimental data obtained from six different operation conditions. This model is used for analysis of gasification performance of wood chips and mixed paper wastes. The operating parameters of temperature and moisture content (MC) have been varied over wide range and their effect on the high heating value (HHV) of syngas and cold gas efficiency (CGE) were investigated. The results show that increasing the temperature improves the gasifier performance and it increases the production of CO and H2 which leads to higher LHV and CGE. However, an increase in moisture content reduces gasifier performance and results in low CGE.
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6

Sva¨rd, Solvie Herstad, Stig Backman, Anders Kullendorff, Hans-A˚ke Tilly, Leo Virta, and Egon Sternga˚rd. "Co-Combustion of Animal Waste in Fluidised Bed Boilers: Operating Experiences and Emission Data." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-135.

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Crushed animal waste, given the trade name Biomal, has successfully been combusted in Fluidized Bed Boilers with low emission data. About 500 tons of Biomal were co-combusted in full scale tests in commercial boilers with wood chips, peat and sorted municipal waste. The mixing ratios varied between 30% and 65% depending on the fuel mix. In order to minimize the spread of BSE-infection among cattle a new EU legislation became effective in October 2000. This regulation stipulates that animal waste such as carcasses and SRM (Specific Risk Material) from slaughterhouses has to be destroyed by combustion. The company Konvex AB, which in Sweden is responsible for taking care of this type of animal waste, has together with S.E.P. (Scandinavian Energy Project AB) developed a cost effective concept for using animal waste as a fuel without first processing it into fat and meat meal. The Biomal fuel has been continuously co-combusted for 7 days in a 12 MWth bubbling fluidized bed boiler and for 3 days in a 40 MWth circulating fluidized bed boiler with very good operating performance. During the test periods ordinary emission data such as CO, SO2, NOx, TOC etc. as well as specific compounds such as Dioxins and heavy metals were measured recorded. All data including operating parameters in the EU regulation for co-combustion of waste, EU 2000/76/EG, were met. The CO-levels were below 50 mg/m3n and the TOC-levels were most of the time undetectable and well below 10 mg/m3n. • Despite a much higher nitrogen content in the Biomal fuel compared to wood chips the NOx-emissions were unaffected or in some chases reduced by up to 50% while firing Biomal. • No increased Dioxin emission where measured.
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7

Havlik, J., and T. Dlouhý. "Heat recovery from biomass drying in energy systems." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7300.

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This paper deals with energy savings by the heat recovery of waste vapour from moist biomass drying in energy systems. Drying is an energy-intensive process. Energy consumption can be reduced by using indirect drying by recuperating the heat of waste vapour generated in the process; however the vapour is polluted by air and small mechanical particles. Experiments with green wood chips were realized on an indirect dryer with a condensing heat exchanger to experimentally verify the grade and conditions of heat recovery from waste vapour. On the basis of the experimental results, the potential of the heat recovery from waste vapour was evaluated. Keywords: Indirect drying; Biomass; Waste vapour; Heat recovery
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8

Yoshikawa, Kunio. "R&D On Micro-Gasifier for Power Generation From Solid Wastes." In ASME 2004 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2004-52111.

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A small-scale power generation system including a process of producing low-BTU gas by gasification of wastes has been developed. This system is called as the Micro STAR-MEET. Because the size of this system is small, on-site waste treatment is possible. Wastes are continuously fed into the gasifier and, high temperature air and steam are introduced into the gasifier and reformer to gasify and reform wastes. A pilot plant was constructed in order to investigate the performance of the Micro STAR-MEET system, and experiments using wood chips and plastics as fuels were conducted. Sufficient amount of gas that has 4.0 MJ/m3N HHV was evolved so that the dual-fueled diesel engine could be driven. The main components of the evolved gas were CO and H2. In this study, the gas that could be used as a fuel for the engine was evolved constantly, which indicates that the Micro STAR-MEET system is technically feasible.
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9

Sangtongam, K., and A. K. Gupta. "Kinetics of Biomass and Waste During Pyrolysis and Steam Gasification." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49376.

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High temperature pyrolysis and steam gasification of paper and yellow pine woodchips have been investigated in a batch type flow reactor at defined temperatures in the range of 700°C to 900°C and known molar ratio of steam to feedstock. The initial weight loss of the material during both pyrolysis and gasification was found to be similar thus revealing that material initially undergoes pyrolysis. The weight loss increased with increase in gasification temperature and retention time during both pyrolysis and gasification. The char yield decreased with increase in reaction time due to thermal decomposition of the material and the progress in char reactions during the gasification process. The yield of char decreased with increase in the reaction temperature from low temperature of 700°C to high temperature of 900°C at any residence time in the reactor. The weight remaining from the gasification of paper was lower than that from woodchips initially but at longer residence times the paper showed higher weight remaining than woodchips because of higher mineral matter and fixed carbon in paper than woodchips. The presence of higher volatile matters in paper was easily released from structure when compared with the volatile matters of woodchips at low temperatures. The Arrhenius’s plots obtained from the weight loss data of the sample during gasification at different temperatures was used to obtain the activation energy. The activation energy for steam gasification of woodchips and paper were found to be 117.2 and 69.6 kJ/mol, respectively while the pre-frequency factor for woodchips and paper were found to be 10,029 and 3.2 s−1, respectively. The specific rate for steam gasification of woodchips and paper was compared by the Arrhenius plot. The results showed higher specific steam gasification rate of woodchips than paper at all the temperatures examined. It is conjectured that higher porosity of wood chips favors faster reaction rate because of the increased surface area for devolatilization and reaction. The biomass and wastes are good source of renewable fuels to produce hydrogen or liquid fuels using controlled steam gasification for minimum char and residue by utilizing the most desirable conditions favorable for gasification. The kinetics data assists in the modeling and simulation to provide aid in the development design tools for practical implementation.
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10

Kakihara, Takahiro, and Kiyoshi Yanagihara. "Development of Bio-Mass Fuel for Small Displacement Engine to Reduce CO2: Feasibility of Disposed Alcoholic Beverages as Bio-Mass Source." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54736.

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This study deals with bio-ethanol distilled from disposed alcoholic beverages. Through the various experiments while using a small displacement engine which is equipped with electric fuel injection (E.F.I.) system, the feasibility of the disposed alcoholic beverages; leftover-beer is investigated as one of the bio-mass sources. Currently bio-masses are classified into the following seven bio-mass sources, livestock excreta, sewage sludge, human waste sludge, waste of food, agricultural residue, wood-based (wood chips) bio-mass and crops. In those bio-mass sources, the authors pay their attention to the amount of leftover-beer after a banquet. Our investigation clarifies that about 12 l of beer is left and disposed after a banquet of 150 people. Since beer contains 5% alcohols, 600 cc of ethanol can be obtained without fermentation process. Thus in order to obtain alcohol as a fuel, in collaboration with some hotels, leftover-beer is collected. As to a fuel, higher concentration of distilled alcoholic beverages is preferable. Therefore a new double distillation system is developed to separate water, and 85.9% bio-ethanol fuel is produced from 5% alcoholic density of leftover-beer. The ethanol evaporation characteristic of this bio-ethanol is investigated, it is equal to 98% ethanol reagent. This showed that it can be mixed with gasoline. Also, in order to confirm its performance as a fuel, the obtained ethanol is experimented with 121 cc of small displacement engine which is equipped with E.F.I. system. The results of this experiment are compared to unleaded gasoline and showed that it has the same performance of engine power, especially in case of before top dead center (B.T.D.C.) 15.0 deg.. We also calculated the volume of CO2 emission discharged in distilled ethanol under driving conditions B.T.D.C. 15.0 deg., 4000 rpm, for 1 hour. The CO2 production of distilled ethanol is 34.4 kgCO2, on the other hand, CO2 production of unleaded gasoline is 2.82 kgCO2. This result shows that the system with high energy efficiency to separate ethanol and water is desired. Furthermore, the density of acetaldehyde from exhaust gas is analyzed. An extremely low reading of 28 ppm is obtained. The results prove the effect of acetaldehyde to the human body is negligible. Finally, employing 50 cc motorcycles with our developed E.F.I. system, experiment with bio-mass ethanol is executed. The results proved the feasibility of our developed bio-ethanol can be a new low emission bio-mass source.
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