Academic literature on the topic 'Sayula (Jalisco)'

AbstractRecent research in the Sayula Basin of central Jalisco is gradually presenting a fuller view of the lifeways that characterized the people who lived on this thoroughfare, traditionally known for its vast salt flats. Salvage excavations undertaken at two major sites have supplied a number of new elements that are confirming and expanding previous knowledge of the chronological sequence, the ceramic complexes, the uses of space within an apparently closed area, and the possible sphere of interactions developed by the pre-Hispanic inhabitants of this part of western Mexico. Special attention is given to evidence relating to the study of native salt production.

A regional study of the settlement patterns in the Sayula Basin (Jalisco) has recently found Late Formative sites with related Shaft Tomb Period funerary evidence. This article presents the habitation and mortuary deposits of two sites, and it discusses the possible subsistence patterns that combined agriculture with the seasonal exploitation of salt deposits in the region as a basis of daily interaction in a developing rank society.

<p><strong>Background:</strong> The Sayula sub-basin presents a complex landscape composed of plants communities that to date have not been studied in a timely manner, so this study contributes to the knowledge of the flora and vegetation of the area and the State.</p><p><strong>Question:</strong> i) How many and which families, genera and species are in the Sayula sub-basin? ii) What are the main biological forms of the species? iii) Are there species under any category of protection? iv) How many vegetation types are present within the region?<br /> <strong>Studied species:</strong> Ferns, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.<br /> <strong>Study site and years of study:</strong> The Sayula sub-basin, Jalisco, Mexico; from February 2012 to October 2015.<br /> <strong>Methods:</strong> Through the literature review and field work the floristic checklist was elaborated. In addition, with the use of geographic information systems, a map of land use and vegetation was made.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> A total of 687 species were recorded, including 415 genera and 113 families. The five main families were Poaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae Solanaceae and Euphorbiaceae representing 42.6 % of the total species and 36.6 % of the genera. It should be noted that the predominant biological forms were herbs with 409, 105 shrubs and 74 trees. On the other hand, 47 species registered under some protection category of which, only one species <em>Cleomella jaliscensis</em> is endemic to the region. Finally, eight vegetation types were determined, being the tropical deciduous forest the one that occupies greater surface and presents greater floristic diversity.<br /> <strong>Conclusions:</strong> It is important to emphasize that during the realization of the work, agricultural activities were detected affecting the flora and vegetation, threatening the biodiversity and the natural balance of the region.</p>

Durante el periodo comprendido entre 450 y 1000 d.C., las conchas marinas desempeñan un papel fundamental en las dinámicas socioeconómicas y culturales de las poblaciones asentadas en la región de la cuenca de Sayula. El material malacológico asociado a este periodo ofrece datos inéditos por contar con numerosas evidencias de producción que reflejan una manufactura local de ornamentos de concha. Esta investigación se presenta como una guía metodológica, enfocada al análisis de huellas técnicas, que permite clasificar cada pieza según su grado de transformación y determinar su lugar en la cadena operativa. Finalmente, más allá de la recopilación de datos primarios se obtiene un acercamiento a los comportamientos técnicos de los artesanos prehispánicos.Abstract: During the period from 450 to 1000 A.D. marine shells play an essential role in the socio-economic and cultural dynamics of the populations settled in the region of the Sayula basin. The malacological material associated with this period offers unknown data, since it has many evidences of production that reveal the local manufacture of seashell ornaments. This research is presented as a methodological guide, focused on the analysis of technical traces, in order to classify each object according to its degree of transformation and determine its place in the operative chain. Additionally, besides the compilation of primary data, we can get to know the technical behavior of pre-Columbian artisans.Résumé : Durant la période comprise entre 450 et 1000 apr. J.-C., les coquillages jouent un rôle fondamental dans les dynamiques socio-économiques et culturelles des populations du bassin de Sayula. Les matériaux malacologiques associés à cette période fournissent des données inédites et des indices probants de l’existence d’une activité de manufacture locale d’ornements en coquillage. Cet article se présente comme un guide méthodologique centré sur l’analyse des traces techniques permettant de classer chaque pièce en fonction de son degré de transformation et de déterminer sa position au sein de la chaîne opératoire. Enfin, au-delà d’une compilation des données primaires, notre recherche propose une approche des comportements techniques des artisans de l’époque préhispanique.

Los recientes datos metalúrgicos y culturales provenientes de cuatro sitios en La Cuenca de Sayula, Jalisco, han permitido ampliar y plantear nuevos conocimientos acerca de la metalurgia prehispánica del Occidente de México. Por primera vez un conjunto amplio de datos contextualizados permite relacionar distintos complejos técnicos con tradiciones culturales específicas. En el conjunto de objetos se identificaron los dos complejos técnicos característicos de la metalurgia del Occidente de México (período 1 y 2). Estos complejos están asociados con cuatro tradiciones culturales diferentes (Aztatlán, Sur de Jalisco, Amacueca y Tarasca) en el marco de una secuencia que abarca unos siete siglos (800–1532 d.C.). Los nuevos datos aquí presentados muestran que ambos complejos fueron contemporáneos durante unos 200 años, en los sitios de La Peña y Caseta, evidenciando desarrollos tecnológicos paralelos. Además, el sitio de Caseta presenta una de las fechas más tempranas asociadas con aleaciones metálicas registradas hasta el momento en Mesoamérica (cal. 1040–1290 d.C.). Asimismo, el asentamiento evidencia un desarrollo pre-tarasco del complejo tecnológico del período 2, cuyas raíces podrían estar en el Sur de Jalisco y Colima, de acuerdo a la evidencia arqueológica.

The article starts with an introduction into the structural changes on the world markets of agrarian goods occurred since the 1970s and its effects for the Mexican agrarian sector. As a consequence of the political shift towards an export oriented model in the countryside the Ejido and the peasants became dysfunctional. In 1992, the reform of article 27 of the Mexican Constitution brings the agrarian reform to an end. The case study of Ejido Sayula/Jalisco highlights the social and political implications of this historical reform.

The ecological relationships of "pitayo" and "cardón" were studied in the Sayula, Jalisco Basin. A multivariate approach was used considering three sets of explanatory variables: geographical (FG), edaphic (E) and biotic (B). Three columnar cacti species Stenocereus queretaroensis, and S. dumortieri and Pachycereus grandis were found. According to a detrended correspondence analysis the length of the gradient was 3.59 S.D., which justifies the use of unimodal response model for the species data. Also the results of a correspondence analysis showed a sites and species pattern related to a supposed moisture gradient. Due to the presence of outliers in some variables, it was necessary to use certain passive sites in the canonical correspondence analysis. The selected variables were: a] geographical: latitude, longitude, elevation and exposure; b] edaphic: potassium content, cation exchange capacity and sand percentage. Of these components of species data variation, the first explains 28.94% and the second one 23.66%, while the interaction of both explains only 8.23%. At the biotic level, the accompanying shrubs and tree species data were related to "pitayo" and "cardón" attributes in two ways: a] as three separated populations, or b] as a complex. The better selected attributes were total cover and average height of individual in the complex, or else S. dumortieri and P. grandis, respectively, for the species strategy. However, there was a poor relation for the species (17.4%), with the variation of the associated shrub and tree species.

A method is developed for 2D forward modeling and nonlinear inversion of gravity data. The forward modeling calculates the gravity anomaly caused by a 2D source body with an assumed depth‐dependent density contrast given by a cubic polynomial. The source body is bounded at depth by a smooth, curvilinear surface given by the Fourier series, which represents the basement. The weighted and damped discrete nonlinear inverse method presented here can invert gravity data to infer the geometry of the source body. The use of the Fourier series to define the basement geometry allows the interpreter to reconstruct a broad variety of geometries for the geologic structures using a small number of free parameters. Both modeling and inversion methods are illustrated with examples using field gravity data across the San Jacinto graben in southern California and across the Sayula basin in Jalisco, Mexico. The inversion of the San Jacinto graben residual Bouguer gravity data yields results compatible with those from previous interpretations of the same data set, suggesting that this geologic structure accommodates about 2.5 km of sediments. The inversion of the residual Bouguer gravity data across the Sayula basin suggests a maximum of 1‐km‐thick sedimentary infill.

El conocimiento de la avifauna en México, es el resultado de muchos años de exploraciones en áreas específicas, sin embargo a pesar del esfuerzo realizado, en algunas regiones de México aún se desconoce su composición y distribución; tal es el caso de los humedales continentales, los cuales representan sitios de invernada y de paso migratorio para una gran variedad de aves acuáticas y terrestres del Neártico, así como sitios de reproducción para especies residentes. Se destacan observaciones realizadas en el Sitio Ramsar Laguna de Sayula, resultado de un estudio avifaunístico a largo plazo con muestreos mensuales durante cinco periodos de migración. Se reportan seis nuevos registros para el humedal y algunos para el interior del estado (Dendrocygna autumnalis, Branta canadensis, Sula leucogaster, Pelecanus occidentalis, Pluvialis squatarola y Charadrius semipalmatus) y se informa la presencia de Anser albifrons y Anser rossii con pocos registros publicados para la zona.

Cette étude est orientée autour de deux axes de recherche complémentaires : d'une part, la reconstitution de faits techniques dans une perspective chronologique et spatiale ; d'autre part, la détermination du rôle de la production de sels dans la dynamique de peuplement préhispanique du bassin de Sayula et son intégration au sein de l'occident du Mexique. Les clefs d'interprétation nécessaires au décryptage de l'information archéologique ont été fournies par la combinaison de plusieurs approches méthodologiques. * Approche contextuelle une série de mesures et d'analyses de prélèvements de sols et d'eaux dans différents secteurs de la Playa, au cours d'une année climatique, a permis de proposer une séquence de distribution spatiale de la Salinite à la fois qualitative et quantitative. Cette distribution est issue de phénomènes géochimiques et sédimentaires anciens qui suggèrent une relative stabilité à l'échelle des périodes d'occupation. Nous avons cependant estime l'impact des oscillations pédoclimatiques sur la disponibilité en terres salées en les comparant aux rythmes climatiques saisonniers. Par ailleurs, des reconstitutions expérimentales en laboratoire ont permis de tester la validité des processus techniques et de caractériser les sels produits, à partir de terres prélevées dans le bassin. * Approche ethnographique et ethnohistorique les descriptions ethnographiques et ethnohistoriques permettent d'établir une base de références des réponses techniques spécifiques à un contexte naturel donné. * Approche archéologique les données archéologiques ont été analysées selon trois échelles complémentaires : - La Playa : prospection et classification des sites en fonction de leurs caractéristiques de surface ; - les sites : fouille de différentes aires d'activité représentatives de la variabilité ; - les vestiges : analyses typologiques des restes (sédiments de rejet, structures et récipients céramiques). La dimension chronologique de l'étude a permis d'apprécier plusieurs degrés d'évolution des techniques. Ces transformations sont étroitement impliquées dans les phases de changements socio- économiques et culturels de l'occupation. Elles traduisent une augmentation de la production de sels et une intégration progressive du bassin de Sayula dans les réseaux d'échanges de l'occident
This study is tending towards two complementary lines of research : on the one hand, the reconstitution of technical acts in a chronological and spatial prospect ; on the other hand, the determination of salt production role in the prehispanic populating of the sayula basin and its integration within western mexico. The interpreting keys necessary to decipher the archaeological information have been supplied by the combination of several methodological approaches. * Ecological approach series of measures and analysis of soil and water samples in various playa fields, during a climatic year, allowed to propose a sequence of spatial distribution of the salinity, both qualitative and quantitative. This distribution is issued from ancient geochemical and sedimentary processes which suggest a relative stability at the scale of the study (the two ultimate millenaries). Nevertheless, we have estimated the effects of paleoclimatic oscillations on the saline earths availability by comparing them with the seasonal climatic rates. Moreover, experimental reconstitutions in laboratory allowed to prove the technical methods and to characterize the salts produced, from earths sampled in the basin. * Ethnographic and ethnohistorical approach the ethnographic and ethnohistorical descriptions allowed to draw up source references of the technical replies specific to an environment. * Archaeological approach the archaeological data have been analyzed according to three complementary scales : - the Playa : prospecting and classification of the sites upon their surface features ; - the sites : excavation of different activity areas representatives of the variability ; - the vestiges : typological analysis of the remains (spoiled sediments, features and ceramic vessel). The chronological dimension of the study allowed to identify various degrees of technical evolution. These transformations are shortly involved in the socio-economical and cultural changes of the occupation. They reveal an increase in salt production and a gradual integration of the sayula basin in the western exchanges networks