Relevant bibliographies by topics / Scalar field theory

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Scalar field theory'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Scalar field theory"

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Medina, Julieta, and Denjoe O'Connor. "Scalar field theory on fuzzyS4." Journal of High Energy Physics 2003, no. 11 (November 21, 2003): 051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2003/11/051.

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Tiwari, S. C. "Scalar field in gravitational theory." Physics Letters A 142, no. 8-9 (December 1989): 460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(89)90514-8.

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Horndeski, Gregory W. "The hidden scalar Lagrangians within Horndeski theory." International Journal of Modern Physics D 29, no. 14 (September 9, 2020): 2043004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021827182043004x.

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In this paper, I show that there exists a new way to obtain scalar–tensor field theories by combining a special scalar field on the cotangent bundle with a scalar field on spacetime. These two scalar fields act as a generating function for the metric tensor. When using these two scalar fields in the Horndeski Lagrangians, we discover, while seeking Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker-type cosmological solutions, that hidden in the Horndeski Lagrangians are nondegenerate second-order scalar Lagrangians. In accordance with Ostrogradsky’s work, these hidden scalar Lagrangians lead to multiple vacuum solutions, and thereby predict the existence of the multiverse. The multiverse is comprised of numerous different types of individual universes. For example, some begin explosively, and then coast along exponentially forever at an accelerated rate, while others begin in that manner, and then stop expanding and contract.
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Nesnov, Dmitry. "Field theory in normal conical coordinates." E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 09004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124409004.

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In the scientific literature, the field theory is most fully covered in the cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems. This is explained by the fact that the mathematical apparatus of these systems is most well studied. When the source of field has a more complex structure than a point or a straight line, there is a need for new approaches to their study. The goal of this research is to adapt the field theory related to curvilinear coordinates in order to represent it in the normal conical coordinates. In addition, an important part of the research is the development of a geometrical modeling apparatus for scalar and vector field level surfaces using computer graphics. The paper shows the dependences of normal conical coordinates on rectangular Cartesian coordinates, Lame coefficients. The differential characteristics of the scalar and vector fields in normal conical coordinates are obtained: Laplacian of scalar and vector fields, divergence, rotation of the vector field. The example case shows the features of the application of the mathematical apparatus of geometrical field modeling in normal conical coordinates. For the first time, expressions for the characteristics of the scalar and vector fields in normal conical coordinates are obtained. Methods for geometrical modeling of fields using computer graphics have been developed to provide illustration in their study.
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Geng, Chao-Qiang, Hao-Jui Kuan, and Ling-Wei Luo. "Viable constraint on scalar field in scalar–tensor theory." Classical and Quantum Gravity 37, no. 11 (May 6, 2020): 115001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ab86fb.

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HESS, PETER O., and WALTER GREINER. "PSEUDO-COMPLEX FIELD THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 06 (July 2007): 1643–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301307006964.

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A new formulation of field theory is presented, based on a pseudo-complex description. An extended group structure is introduced, implying a minimal scalar length, rendering the theory regularized a la Pauli–Villars. Cross sections are calculated for the scattering of an electron at an external Coulomb field and the Compton scattering. Deviations due to a smallest scalar length are determined. The theory also permits a modification of the minimal coupling scheme, resulting in a generalized dispersion relation. A shift of the Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuzmin (GZK) limit of the cosmic ray spectrum is the consequence.
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Strickland, Michael. "Reorganizing Finite Temperature Field Theory: Part I.: Scalar Field Theory." International Journal of Modern Physics A 16, supp01c (September 2001): 1277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x01009521.

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I present a method for self-consistently including the effects of screening in finite-temperature field theory calculations. The method reproduces the perturbative limit in the weak-coupling limit and for intermediate couplings this method has much better convergence than standard perturbation theory. The method relies on a reorganization of perturbation theory accomplished by shifting the expansion point used to calculate quantum loop corrections. I will present results from a three-loop calculation within this formalism for scalar λϕ4.
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LIU, HONGYA, and PAUL S. WESSON. "KALUZA–KLEIN–GORDON FIELD THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics D 07, no. 05 (October 1998): 737–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271898000498.

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We extend the induced-matter interpretation of Kaluza–Klein field theory to obtain the Klein–Gordon equation for a scalar particle. The motion of the particle is correctly recovered, and we give an exact plane-wave solution whose induced energy-momentum tensor depends only on first derivatives of the scalar field, as in flat-space quantum field theory. However, in general the energy and momenta of the particle also include terms in second derivatives, which should repay investigation.
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Chernitskii, Alexander. "Gravitation in Unified Scalar Field Theory." Universe 7, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe7010011.

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The scalar field of space-time film is considered as unified fundamental field. The field model under consideration is the space-time generalization of the model for a two-dimensional thin film. The force and metrical interactions between solitons are considered. These interactions correspond to the electromagnetic and gravitational interactions respectively. The metrical interaction and its correspondence to the gravitational one are considered in detail. The practical applications of this approach are briefly discussed.
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Chernitskii, Alexander A. "Gravitation in Unified Scalar Field Theory." Universe 7, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe7010011.

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The scalar field of space-time film is considered as unified fundamental field. The field model under consideration is the space-time generalization of the model for a two-dimensional thin film. The force and metrical interactions between solitons are considered. These interactions correspond to the electromagnetic and gravitational interactions respectively. The metrical interaction and its correspondence to the gravitational one are considered in detail. The practical applications of this approach are briefly discussed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Scalar field theory"

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Díaz, Calzadilla Pablo. "Scalar stars and effective field theory." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23167/.

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The axion is one of the favored candidates to form the cold dark matter in the universe. This pseudo-scalar field may form compact objects called axion stars, whose physics is well captured by means of non-relativistic effective field theory coupled to Newtonian gravity. The interplay between gradient energy, self-interactions and gravity gives rise to both dilute and dense axion stars. While the existence of the dilute axion stars is well established, the situation is more complicated in the case of the so-called dense axion stars, an extra physically stable solution of the system of differential equations describing the dynamics of the axion field in the regime where self-interactions play an important role. The existence of the dense axion stars has not been settled in the literature. In this thesis, we discuss first the appropriate non-relativistic formalism for the study of these clumps by means of the various non-relativistic reductions found in the literature. We analyze the stability, for different sizes and number of particles, of these objects considering quartic self-interaction potentials. This allows us to corroborate the results for these cases already presented by other authors. We also go beyond the simplest case, by analyzing more complicated potentials describing with higher precision the axion self-interactions. By employing the correct non-relativistic axion effective field theory we show that the dense branch is an artefact of the non-relativistic reduction procedure.
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Thorne, Robert S. "Renormalizability of effective scalar field theory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358742.

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Smith, John D. "Scalar fields in quantum field theory and black holes." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265489.

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Tassev, Svetlin Valentinov. "Quantum field theory of scalar cosmological perturbations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32906.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 55).
Using canonical quantization we show that the spectrum of the scalar cosmological fluctuations as calculated until now is not correct. We derive the correct expression for the spectrum, and show that our correct treatment alleviates the fine-tuning problem in inflation.
by Svetlin Valentinov Tassev.
S.B.
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Stephanov, Mikhail Alexeevich. "Scalar-fermion theories on the lattice." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:555a30de-2df9-4d39-b2dc-1974398911f7.

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We study scalar-fermion models with Yukawa interaction on a space-time lat- tice. Such models can describe the Higgs sector of the Standard Model in the case when the Higgs particle is very heavy (few hundred GeV) and there are very heavy fermions whose masses are due to their Yukawa interactions with the Higgs field. We study a realistic model with four component scalar field as well as simplified models with one and two component scalar fields. We use a mean field approximation to calculate equations for critical lines in the large d (dimension of space-time) limit. These lines are in very good agreement with available Monte Carlo data for the models at d = 4. We calculate fermion correlation functions in the mean field and large d approximations to study properties of different phases in the lattice models. We find two distinct phases with vanishing expectation values of the scalar field. One (at small Yukawa coupling Y) contains massless fermions, while in the other (at large F) the fermions have masses larger than the scale given by the inverse lattice spacing. We find that in the latter phase fermions can form bosonic bound states. These states show up as poles in a four-fermion correlator. We discuss pos- sible continuum limits in the lattice scalar-fermion models. In particular, we show that a theory defined near the critical line separating the disordered phase from the phase with antiferromagnetic order is not unitary.
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Türköz, Ş. (Şemsettin). "Variational procedure for [phi]4-scalar field theory." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/52913.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 1990.
On t.p. "[phi]" is the original Greek letter.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-83).
by Ş. Türköz.
Ph.D.
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Davies, Trevor Bamidelé. "Quadratic scalar-tensor gravity." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=234075.

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This thesis develops novel analytic models of scalar-tensor theories with quadratic coupling. In this framework, the coupling strength between scalar and matter is regulated in a way that allows the vacuum expectation value to vanish for low matter densities while becoming non-vanishingly large in the high-density regime. This results in significant deviations from the predictions of General Relativity in the strong-gravity regime. In astrophysics, we addressed the core-collapse supernova problem to account for the apparently missing energy required to explain the observed powerful explosions. We assumed a small, massless scalar gravitational field, thus allowing General Relativity to be recovered in the weak-gravity asymptotic limit. The non-trivial effects coming from the coupling function in the presence of a high-density field were analyzed at the instant of neutron star formation. Our results show that the scalar gravitational field evolves from a cosmological value to a new equilibrium via a Higgs-like mechanism. Additionally, the calculations associated with the gravitational binding energy shift and relevant relaxation timescale are explicitly shown. The full theory space of the model was also investigated for positive values of the coupling parameter. We studied a mechanism to address the stalled shock issue in core-collapse scenarios, which involved the application of sufficiently large positive values to the coupling parameter. Our results show that pulsating neutron stars act like optical cavities in which resonant scalar waves are parametrically amplified. It implies that the surface of a neutron star acts like an anti-phase reflector, releasing traveling scalar gravitational waves similar to an optical laser. In cosmology, the same framework was applied to a generic Friedman-Robertson-Walker universe involving general metric coupling and scalar potential functions. In cosmology, the same framework was applied to a generic Friedman-Robertson-Walker universe involving general metric coupling and scalar potential functions. We developed a mechanism which allowed the scalar field to be dynamically trapped, thus generating a potential capable of driving primordial inflation. Our results show that a trapped scalar field produces non-trivial dynamical consequences when applied to standard cosmology. Additionally, our analytic solutions for the generic inflationary behaviour, produce acceptable duration and e-foldings, thus recovering the Hubble parameter which is consistent with the present-day value. A feature of our cosmological model is that the universe can undergo several accelerating or decelerating phases, even though the scalar potential and metric coupling are monotonic functions overall. As this is important for the current dark energy problem, the quasi-static motion of the gravitational field induced by the scalar potential in the early universe, is investigated for a small value of the scalar field with normalized metric at the present time. Our results show that a variable Lambda Cold Dark Matter universe emerges naturally from the quadratic model.
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Hawley, Scott Hearne. "Scalar analogues of compact astrophysical systems /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Andersson, Mattias. "Scalar fields on star graphs." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för fysik och elektroteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-9139.

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A star graph consists of a vertex to which a set of edges are connected. Such an object can be used to, among other things, model the electromagnetic properties of quantum wires. A scalar field theory is constructed on the star graph and its properties are investigated. It turns out that there exist Kirchoff's rules for the conserved charges in the system leading to restrictions of the possible type of boundary conditions at the vertex. Scale invariant boundary conditions are investigated in detail.
En stjärngraf består av en nod på vilken vilken ett antal kanter är anslutna. Ett sådant objekt kan bland annat användas till att modellera de elektromagnetiska egenskaperna hos kvanttrådar. En skalärfältsteori konstrueras på stjärngrafen och dess egenskaper undersöks. Det visar sig att det exisisterar en typ av Kirchoffs lagar för de konserverade laddningarna i systemet. Detta leder till restriktioner på vilka randvillkor som är möjliga vid noden. Skalinvarianta randvillkor undersöks i detalj.
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Schroeder, Christopher Robert. "Beyond the scalar Higgs, in lattice quantum field theory." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3386720.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed January 19, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-93).
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Books on the topic "Scalar field theory"

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Zoltán, Németh Sándor, ed. Scalar and asymptotic scalar derivatives: Theory and applications. New York: Springer, 2008.

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Hoh, Fang Chao. Scalar strong interaction hadron theory. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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George, Vahala, and Langley Research Center, eds. Renormalization group estimates of transport coefficients in the advection of a passive scalar by incompressible turbulence. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1993.

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N, Khudik V., ed. Tochechnyĭ spektr v zadache ob ustoĭchivosti avtomodelʹnogo skali͡arnogo kollapsa. Novosibirsk: In-t i͡adernoĭ fiziki SO AN SSSR, 1988.

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1949-, Oughstun Kurt Edmund, ed. Selected papers on scalar wave diffraction. Bellingham, Wash., USA: SPIE Optical Engineering Press, 1992.

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1956-, Rupp George, and Scadron Michael D, eds. SCADRON70: Workshop on Scalar Mesons and Related Topics, Honoring Michael D. Scadron's 70th Birthday, IST, Lisbon, Portugal, 11-16 February 2008. Melville, N.Y: American Institute of Physics, 2008.

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Dawson, K. M. Model-based 3-D object recognition using scalartransform descriptors. Dublin: Trinity College, Department of Computer Science, 1991.

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Kim, John. Transport of passive scalars in turbulent channel flow. Moffett Field, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1987.

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Daly, Charles J. Scalar Diffraction from a Circular Aperture. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000.

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Alessandro, Massarotti, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Could the electroweak scale be linked to the large scale structure of the Universe. Batavia, IL: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Scalar field theory"

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Millington, Peter. "Scalar Field Theory." In Thermal Quantum Field Theory and Perturbative Non-Equilibrium Dynamics, 81–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01186-8_7.

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Laine, Mikko, and Aleksi Vuorinen. "Free Scalar Fields." In Basics of Thermal Field Theory, 17–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31933-9_2.

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Laine, Mikko, and Aleksi Vuorinen. "Interacting Scalar Fields." In Basics of Thermal Field Theory, 41–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31933-9_3.

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Semenoff, Gordon Walter. "The Weakly Coupled Real Scalar Field." In Quantum Field Theory, 257–306. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5410-0_13.

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Semenoff, Gordon Walter. "The Real Scalar Quantum Field Theory." In Quantum Field Theory, 105–36. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5410-0_7.

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Semenoff, Gordon Walter. "More Theory of the Real Scalar Field." In Quantum Field Theory, 307–38. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5410-0_14.

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Aitchison, I. J. R., and A. J. G. Hey. "Quantum Field Theory II: Interacting Scalar Fields." In Gauge Theories in Particle Physics, 40th Anniversary Edition: A Practical Introduction, Volume 1, 124–50. 5th ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003410720-6.

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Mosel, Ulrich. "Path Integrals for Scalar Fields." In Path Integrals in Field Theory, 53–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18797-1_5.

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Aitchison, I. J. R., and A. J. G. Hey. "Quantum Field Theory I: The Free Scalar Field." In Gauge Theories in Particle Physics, 40th Anniversary Edition: A Practical Introduction, Volume 1, 96–123. 5th ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003410720-5.

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Bertola, Marco, Francesco Corbetta, and Ugo Moschella. "Massless Scalar Field in a Two-dimensional de Sitter Universe." In Rigorous Quantum Field Theory, 27–38. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-7434-1_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Scalar field theory"

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Del Debbio, Luigi, and Liam Keegan. "RG flows in 3D scalar field theory." In XXIX International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.139.0061.

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Ozzello, Zane, and Yannick Meurice. "Bootstrap methods for digitized scalar field theory." In The 40th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.453.0163.

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Veretin, Oleg, Bernd Kniehl, and Andrey Pikelner. "Three-loop massive scalar effective potential." In Loops and Legs in Quantum Field Theory. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.303.0077.

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Wellnhofer, Jacob, and Falk Bruckmann. "Scalar QCD at nonzero density." In 34th annual International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.256.0054.

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Meurice, Yannick, James Corona, Sergio Cantu, Fangli Liu, Shengtao Wang, Kenny Heitritter, Steve Mrenna, Jin Zhang, and Shan-Wen Tsai. "Scalar QED with Rydberg atoms." In The 40th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.453.0235.

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Tarrús, Jaume. "Chiral Effective Theory with a Scalar Field." In THE IX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON QUARK CONFINEMENT AND THE HADRON SPECTRUM—QCHS IX. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3574998.

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Tarrus, Jaume. "Chiral Perturbation Theory with a scalar field." In The 7th International Workshop on Chiral Dynamics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.172.0118.

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García-Chung, Angel A., Hugo A. Morales-Técotl, Luis Arturo Ureña-López, Hugo Aurelio Morales-Técotl, Román Linares-Romero, Elí Santos-Rodríguez, and Sendic Estrada-Jiménez. "On causality in polymer scalar field theory." In VIII WORKSHOP OF THE GRAVITATION AND MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS DIVISION OF THE MEXICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3647531.

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Dimitrijevic Ciric, Marija, Djordje Bogdanović, Voja Radovanović, and Richard Szabo. "BV quantization of braided scalar field theory." In Corfu Summer Institute 2022 "School and Workshops on Elementary Particle Physics and Gravity". Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.436.0338.

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DeTar, Carleton. "Taste breaking effects in scalar meson correlators." In XXIVth International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.032.0173.

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Reports on the topic "Scalar field theory"

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Vary, J. P., D. Chakrabarti, A. Harindranath, R. Lloyd, L. Martinovic, and J. R. Spence. Coherent States and Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Light Front Scalar Field Theory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/877489.

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Tanny, Josef, Gabriel Katul, Shabtai Cohen, and Meir Teitel. Application of Turbulent Transport Techniques for Quantifying Whole Canopy Evapotranspiration in Large Agricultural Structures: Measurement and Theory. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592121.bard.

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Original objectives and revisions The original objectives of this research, as stated in the approved proposal were: 1. To establish guidelines for the use of turbulent transport techniques as accurate and reliable tool for continuous measurements of whole canopy ET and other scalar fluxes (e.g. heat and CO2) in large agricultural structures. 2. To conduct a detailed experimental study of flow patterns and turbulence characteristics in agricultural structures. 3. To derive theoretical models of air flow and scalar fluxes in agricultural structures that can guide the interpretation of TT measurements for a wide range of conditions. All the objectives have been successfully addressed within the project. The only modification was that the study focused on screenhouses only, while it was originally planned to study large greenhouses as well. This was decided due to the large amount of field and theoretical work required to meet the objectives within screenhouses. Background In agricultural structures such as screenhouses and greenhouses, evapotranspiration (ET) is currently measured using lysimeters or sap flow gauges. These measurements provide ET estimates at the single-plant scale that must then be extrapolated, often statistically or empirically, to the whole canopy for irrigation scheduling purposes. On the other hand, turbulent transport techniques, like the eddy covariance, have become the standard for measuring whole canopy evapotranspiration in the open, but their applicability to agricultural structures has not yet been established. The subject of this project is the application of turbulent transport techniques to estimate ET for irrigation scheduling within large agricultural structures. Major conclusions and achievements The major conclusions of this project are: (i) the eddy covariance technique is suitable for reliable measurements of scalar fluxes (e.g., evapotranspiration, sensible heat, CO2) in most types of large screenhouses under all climatic conditions tested. All studies resulted with fair energy balance closures; (ii) comparison between measurements and theory show that the model is capable in reliably predicting the turbulent flow characteristics and surface fluxes within screenhouses; (iii) flow characteristics within the screenhouse, like flux-variance similarity and turbulence intensity were valid for the application of the eddy covariance technique in screenhouses of relatively dilute screens used for moderate shading and wind breaking. In more dense screens, usually used for insect exclusions, development of turbulent conditions was marginal; (iv) installation of the sensors requires that the system’s footprint will be within the limits of the screenhouse under study, as is the case in the open. A footprint model available in the literature was found to be reliable in assessing the footprint under screenhouse conditions. Implications, both scientific and agricultural The study established for the first time, both experimentally and theoretically, the use of the eddy covariance technique for flux measurements within agricultural screenhouses. Such measurements, along with reliable theoretical models, will enable more accurate assessments of crop water use which may lead to improved crop water management and increased water use efficiency of screenhouse crops.
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Nolan, Parker Stephen. Network Theory: How Can Its Application Cultivate the Conditions to Support Young Creatives? Creative Generation, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51163/creative-gen004.

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As observers to the intersectional fields of culture, education, and social change, Creative Generation witnessed the chosen organizational structure of “networks” come into vogue – particularly as smaller, community-based organizations have begun to participate in larger-scale, collaborative initiatives. In almost all examples, the individuals and organizations involved do their collaborative work through a “network,” using any number of connections and patterns. This qualitative inquiry sought to understand how applying Network Theory to organizational structures can cultivate the conditions to support young creatives. Through literature and conducting interviews with leaders of diverse networks in the arts and cultural education fields, this project provides an overview of Network Theory and examines examples of various models. This report proposes the following set of provocations for the field to interrogate the use of Network Theory in their projects’ implementation: strong connections between the network and its participants, shared power among network leadership and participants, clear expectations about funding, and specific role for young creatives in decision-making.
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Aursjø, Olav, Aksel Hiorth, Alexey Khrulenko, and Oddbjørn Mathias Nødland. Polymer flooding: Simulation Upscaling Workflow. University of Stavanger, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.203.

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There are many issues to consider when implementing polymer flooding offshore. On the practical side one must handle large volumes of polymer in a cost-efficient manner, and it is crucial that the injected polymer solutions maintain their desired rheological properties during transit from surface facilities and into the reservoir. On the other hand, to predict polymer flow in the reservoir, one must conduct simulations to find out which of the mechanisms observed at the pore and core scales are important for field behavior. This report focuses on theoretical aspects relevant for upscaling of polymer flooding. To this end, several numerical tools have been developed. In principle, the range of length scales covered by these tools is extremely wide: from the nm (10-9 m) to the mm (10-3 m) range, all the way up to the m and km range. However, practical limitations require the use of other tools as well, as described in the following paragraphs. The simulator BADChIMP is a pore-scale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver based on the Lattice Boltzmann method. At the pore scale, fluid flow is described by classical laws of nature. To a large extent, pore scale simulations can therefore be viewed as numerical experiments, and they have great potential to foster understanding of the detailed physics of polymer flooding. While valid across length scales, pore scale models require a high numerical resolution, and, subsequently, large computational resources. To model laboratory experiments, the NIORC has, through project 1.1.1 DOUCS, developed IORCoreSim. This simulator includes a comprehensive model for polymer rheological behavior (Lohne A. , Stavland, Åsen, Aursjø, & Hiorth, 2021). The model is valid at all continuum scales; however, the simulator implementation is not able to handle very large field cases, only smaller sector scale systems. To capture polymer behavior at the full field scale, simulators designed for that specific purpose must be used. One practical problem is therefore: How can we utilize the state-of-the-art polymer model, only found in IORCoreSim, as a tool to decrease the uncertainty in full field forecasts? To address this question, we suggest several strategies for how to combine different numerical tools. In the Methodological Approach section, we briefly discuss the more general issue of linking different scales and simulators. In the Validation section, we present two case studies demonstrating the proposed strategies and workflows.
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Jury, William A., and David Russo. Characterization of Field-Scale Solute Transport in Spatially Variable Unsaturated Field Soils. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568772.bard.

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This report describes activity conducted in several lines of research associated with field-scale water and solute processes. A major effort was put forth developing a stochastic continuum analysis for an important class of problems involving flow of reactive and non reactive chemicals under steady unsaturated flow. The field-scale velocity covariance tensor has been derived from local soil properties and their variability, producing a large-scale description of the medium that embodies all of the local variability in a statistical sense. Special cases of anisotropic medium properties not aligned along the flow direction of spatially variable solute sorption were analysed in detail, revealing a dependence of solute spreading on subtle features of the variability of the medium, such as cross-correlations between sorption and conductivity. A novel method was developed and tested for measuring hydraulic conductivity at the scale of observation through the interpretation of a solute transport outflow curve as a stochastic-convective process. This undertaking provided a host of new K(q) relationships for existing solute experiments and also laid the foundation for future work developing a self-consistent description of flow and transport under these conditions. Numerical codes were developed for calculating K(q) functions for a variety of solute pulse outflow shapes, including lognormal, Fickian, Mobile-Immobile water, and bimodal. Testing of this new approach against conventional methodology was mixed, and agreed most closely when the assumptions of the new method were met. We conclude that this procedure offers a valuable alternative to conventional methods of measuring K(q), particularly when the application of the method is at a scale (e.g. and agricultural field) that is large compared to the common scale at which conventional K(q) devices operate. The same problem was approached from a numerical perspective, by studying the feasibility of inverting a solute outflow signal to yield the hydraulic parameters of the medium that housed the experiment. We found that the inverse problem was solvable under certain conditions, depending on the amount of noise in the signal and the degree of heterogeneity in the medium. A realistic three dimensional model of transient water and solute movement in a heterogeneous medium that contains plant roots was developed and tested. The approach taken was to generate a single realization of this complex flow event, and examine the results to see whether features were present that might be overlooked in less sophisticated model efforts. One such feature revealed is transverse dispersion, which is a critically important component in the development of macrodispersion in the longitudinal direction. The lateral mixing that was observed greatly exceeded that predicted from simpler approaches, suggesting that at least part of the important physics of the mixing process is embedded in the complexity of three dimensional flow. Another important finding was the observation that variability can produce a pseudo-kinetic behavior for solute adsorption, even when the local models used are equilibrium.
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Pargeter. L51579 Field Weldability of High Strength Pipeline Steels. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010292.

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There are a number of economic advantages that arise through using high strength pipeline steels. The reduced wall thickness leads to lower steel tonnage requirements and provides scope for reducing welding time. Until relatively recently, the API specification 5L�" Specification for Linepipe" only covered steels up to 70 ksi minimum yield strength. This document reports on small scale weldability tests on two X80 grade steels and presents mechanical property data on full-size circumferential girth welds. Small scale SMA weldability was assessed using the WIC test with cellulosic consumables of matching strength. Weld metal, rather than HAZ, hydrogen cracking was found to occur at preheat temperatures below approximately 110 C (230 F). Heat affected zone cracking was not observed in any of the WIC tests.
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Houck, Marilyn, Uri Gerson, and Robert Luck. Two Predator Model Systems for the Biological Control of Diaspidid Scale Insects. United States Department of Agriculture, June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570554.bard.

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Hemisarcoptes (Acari: Hamisarcoptidae) is a parasite of scale insects (Diaspididae), tenacious pests of vascular plants. Hemisarcoptes also has a stenoxenic phoretic (dispersal) relationship with Chilocorus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Chilocorus feeds on diaspidids, transports mites as they feed, and has been applied to the control of scales, with limited success. U.S.-Israeli cooperation focused on this mite-beetle interaction so that a two-component system could be applied to the control of scale insects effectively. Life history patterns of Hemisarcoptes were investigated in response to host plant type and physical parameters. Field and lab data indicated that mites attack all host stages of scales tested, but preferred adult females. Scale species and host plant species influenced the bionomics of Hemisarcoptes. Beetle diet also influenced survival of phoretic mites. Mites use a ventral sucker plate to extract material from Chilocorus, that is essential for development. Seven alkaloids were found in the hemolymph of Chilocorus and three were characterized. Examination of the subelytral surface of Chilocorus indicated that microsetae play a role in the number and distribution of mites a beetle transports. While Hemisarcoptes can be innoculatd into agroecosystems using various indigenous or imported Chilocorus species, the following are preferred: C. bipustulatus, C. cacti, C. distigma, C. fraternus, C. orbus, and C. tristis.
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Lundgren, Jonathan, Moshe Coll, and James Harwood. Biological control of cereal aphids in wheat: Implications of alternative foods and intraguild predation. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699858.bard.

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The overall objective of this proposal is to understand how realistic strategies for incorporating alternative foods into wheat fields affect the intraguild (IG) interactions of omnivorous and carnivorous predators and their efficacy as biological control agents. Cereal aphids are a primary pest of wheat throughout much of the world. Naturally occurring predator communities consume large quantities of cereal aphids in wheat, and are partitioned into aphid specialists and omnivores. Within wheat fields, the relative abilities of omnivorous and carnivorous predators to reduce cereal aphids depend heavily on the availability, distribution and type of alternative foods (alternative prey, sugar, and pollen), and on the intensity and direction of IG predation events within this community. A series of eight synergistic experiments, carefully crafted to accomplish objectives while accounting for regional production practices, will be conducted to explore how cover crops (US, where large fields preclude effective use of field margins) and field margins (IS, where cover crops are not feasible) as sources of alternative foods affect the IG interactions of predators and their efficacy as biological control agents. These objectives are: 1. Determine the mechanisms whereby the availability of alternative prey and plant-provided resources affect pest suppression by omnivorous and carnivorous generalist predators; 2. Characterize the intensity of IGP within generalist predator communities of wheat systems and assess the impact of these interactions on cereal aphid predation; and 3. Evaluate how spatial patterns in the availability of non-prey resources and IGP affect predation on cereal aphids by generalist predator communities. To accomplish these goals, novel tools, including molecular and biochemical gut content analysis and geospatial analysis, will be coupled with traditional techniques used to monitor and manipulate insect populations and predator efficacy. Our approach will manipulate key alternative foods and IG prey to determine how these individual interactions contribute to the ability of predators to suppress cereal aphids within systems where cover crop and field margin management strategies are evaluated in production scale plots. Using these strategies, the proposed project will not only provide cost-effective and realistic solutions for pest management issues faced by IS and US producers, but also will provide a better understanding of how spatial dispersion, IG predation, and the availability of alternative foods contribute to biological control by omnivores and carnivores within agroecosystems. By reducing the reliance of wheat producers on insecticides, this proposal will address the BARD priorities of increasing the efficiency of agricultural production and protecting plants against biotic sources of stress in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner.
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Siebenaler, Shane. PR-015-093709-R01 Evaluation of External Leak Detection Systems - Laboratory Work. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010445.

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A previous PRCI project (PR-015-084510, 2009) identified distributed temperature sensing (DTS) and acoustic emissions as potentially viable technologies for the detection of small leaks in liquid pipelines. Much of the assessment that led to this conclusion was based upon manufacturer-generated literature. However, there is a lack of existing, publicly-available test data on these technologies as they relate to detecting small leaks in liquid pipelines. Such data are needed by pipeline operators in order to determine the value in supplementing their existing leak detection systems with one of these technologies. The long-term goal of the PRCI team providing oversight to this work is to conduct full-scale field testing of these technologies. However, it is first important to determine the parameters that affect performance in order to design the large-scale testing and to identify conditions for which the technologies are not suitable. A project encompassing analysis and laboratory testing of DTS systems and modeling of acoustic emissions systems was conducted. Includes some analysis of different liquids including crude oil, propane, gasoline, and carbon dioxide.
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Waganet, R. J., John Duxbury, Uri Mingelgrin, John Hutson, and Zev Gerstl. Consequences of Nonequilibrium Pesticide Fate Processes on Probability of Leaching from Agricultural Lands. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568769.bard.

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Pesticide leaching in heterogeneous field soils is relatively unstudied and is the focus of this project. A wide variety of heterogeneous soils exist, characterized by processes that result from the presence of structural cracks, worm holes, and other preferred pathways within which the majority of transport can occur (called physical non-equilibrium processes), along with the presence of sorption processes that are both equilibrium and kinetic (chemical non-equilibrium processes). Previous studies of pesticide leaching have focused primarily on relatively homogeneous soils, which are less widely distributed in nature, but more studied due to the relative ease with which quantitative theory can be applied to interpret experimental results. The objectives of the proposed project were: first, to gain greater insight into the basic physical and chemical processes that characterize non-equilibrium systems, second, to improve our ability to predict pesticide leaching in heterogeneous field soils, and third, to estimate the consequences of non-equilibrium processes at the field scale by conducting an analysis of the probability of pesticide leaching when non-equilibrium processes prevail. The laboratory, theoretical and modelling aspects of the project were successful; the field aspects less so. We gained greater insight into basic processes in heterogeneous field soils, and we improved and tested tools (simulation models) and the methodology of using such tools for assessing the probability of pesticide leaching as a contribution to broader risk analysis efforts.
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