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Kozar, F., S. Pakoukis, and N. Papadopoulos. "New Scale Insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea) in the Greek Entomofauna." ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA 9 (June 2, 2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/eh.13991.
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Collection of scale insects in Greece in 1990 – 1991 provided 71 species. Among them, 31 species were new for the Greek fauna. The total number of known species is 143 in Greece. Host plant’s levels of infestation and phonological data are also presented. The results show that scale insect fauna of this country needs further intensive studies.
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ELIMEM, MOHAMED, HANEN JENDOUBI, CHAIMA LAHFEF, et al. "FURTHER DATA ON SCALE INSECT SPECIES IN AN ORGANIC CITRUS ORCHARD IN NORTH-EASTERN TUNISIA: BIODIVERSITY, ABUNDANCE AND NATURAL ENEMIES." Redia 105 (June 16, 2022): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.19263/redia-105.22.07.
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Elimem M., Jendoubi H., Lahfef C., Limem-Sellemi E., Ben Belgacem L., Kalboussi M., Rouz S. - Further data on scale insect species in an organic citrus orchard in north-eastern Tunisia: biodiversity, abundance and natural enemies. Faunistic studies on pests are always needed to update checklists of species in a country and enlighten the emergence of new potential species. A survey was carried out on the scale insect fauna of citrus and associated natural enemies in an organic orchard from the north-eastern of Tunisia (Zaghouan province). The occurrence, incidence, dominance and biodiversity parameters for each scale insect species were recorded. Samples of infested fruits, leaves and twigs (8 400 samples and 416 053 coccids) were collected at random from the citrus grove during three years (2017, 2019 and 2021). Eight scale insect species belonging to four families were identified: Aonidiella aurantii Maskell (1879), Parlatoria ziziphi Lucas (1853) (Diaspididae); Planococcus citri Risso (1813) (Pseudococcidae); Ceroplastes floridensis Del Guercio (1900), Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus (1758), C. pseudomagnoliarum Kuwana, Saissetia oleae Olivier (1791) (Coccidae) and Icerya purchasi Maskell (1878) (Monophlobidae). The eudominant species was P. ziziphi, presenting the highest densities (98.8%) during all the period of survey. The other coccids were classified as subrecedent species. The natural enemy fauna was limited to two coccidophagous species of ladybirds; Chilocorus bipustulatus Linnaeus (1758) which was the most dominant species and Rodolia (Novius) cardinalis Mulsant (1850). Records on scale insect fauna in Tunisia is enough completed within the citrus crop but should be extended to other fruit trees and ornamental plants. The checklist of coccids in Tunisia needs regular investigations. Key Words: Citrus, scale insects, biodiversity, natural enemies
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SZITA, ÉVA, KINGA GABRIELA FETYKÓ, ZSUZSANNA KONCZNÉ BENEDICTY, et al. "Data on the scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) fauna of Greece, with description of two new species." Zootaxa 4329, no. 5 (2017): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4329.5.4.
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Surveys of the scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) fauna of Greece were carried out in 2013 and 2014. Altogether 93 scale insect species were collected, belonging to 11 families. Thirty-eight species (41%) proved to be new to the Greek fauna, including two species new to science (Anophococcus hellenicus Kaydan & Szita sp. n. (Acanthococcidae) and Iberococcus attikus Szita & Fetykó sp. n. (Pseudococcidae)), and two introduced invasive species (Phenacoccus graminicola Leonardi and Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana), both Pseudococcidae). The rest of the species seem to be native to the Greek fauna. The total number of scale insect species recorded from Greece is increased to 253.
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McCOBB, L. M. E., I. J. DUNCAN, E. A. JARZEMBOWSKI, B. A. STANKIEWICZ, M. A. WILLS, and D. E. G. BRIGGS. "Taphonomy of the insects from the Insect Bed (Bembridge Marls), late Eocene, Isle of Wight, England." Geological Magazine 135, no. 4 (1998): 553–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756898001204.
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The environmental setting and taphonomy of the insect fauna of the Insect Bed, Bembridge Marls (late Eocene; 36 Ma) of the Isle of Wight is described. Cluster analysis of taxonomic data on the insect fauna of a diversity of modern tropical environments, together with that of the Bembridge Marls, shows that the insects of the latter are characteristic of a primary sub-tropical/tropical forest subject to significant seasonal rainfall. A similar approach indicates that the sample of taxa preserved in the Insect Bed is biased toward insects from leaf litter and lower herbage microhabitats. External ornamentation of the cuticle is preserved on a micron scale, and the individual microfibrils of the procuticle can be distinguished. The insects of the Bembridge Marls are remarkable in preserving cuticle and mineralized internal tissues in a largely uncompacted state. Chemical analysis (py-GC/MS) reveals that the cuticle is composed of an aliphatic polymer, possibly due to polymerization of cuticular waxes during diagenesis. No chitin was detected. The soft tissues, which include sarcolemma and muscle fibres, are preserved through replacement in calcite.
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Simon, Ewa, and Małgorzata Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk. "Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of Upper Silesia." Polish Journal of Entomology / Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 80, no. 2 (2011): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10200-011-0017-0.
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Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of Upper SilesiaFaunistic research conducted in Poland for over 80 years has led to the discovery of 143 species of scale insects that live in the natural environment. The state of knowledge of the coccoid fauna of individual areas is uneven, however, 83 species of scale insects from 8 families were collected in Upper Silesia (Górny Śląsk). Upper Silesia is the region in Poland with the fourth-largest number of species; it is preceded by the Kraków-Wieluń Upland (94 species), Roztocze (88) and the Świętokrzyskie Mts. (86). Two of the species collected in this area -Trionymus hamberdi and Volvicoccus stipae- are known only from this region. The paper gives a list of scale insect species collected in Upper Silesia together with information on their localities.
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Gavrilov-Zimin, I. A., and A. S. Kurochkin. "Additions to the Scale Insect Fauna (Homoptera, Coccinea) of Kazakhstan." Entomological Review 99, no. 5 (2019): 645–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0013873819050087.
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Pellizzari, Giuseppina. "New data on the Italian scale insect fauna (Hemiptera, Coccoidea)." Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 45, no. 1 (2010): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aphyt.45.2010.1.6.
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MOGHADDAM, MASUMEH, and GILLIAN W. WATSON. "THE SCALE INSECTS OF IRAN Part 1 THE ARMOURED SCALES (HEMIPTERA: COCCOMORPHA: DIASPIDIDAE)." Zootaxa 4907, no. 1 (2021): 1–276. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4907.1.1.
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Iran is situated at the junctions of the Palaearctic and Oriental zoogeographical regions, and the Caspian, Baluchi and Irano-Tiranian floral zones, so it has a very diverse scale insect fauna. Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) are economically important in forestry, agriculture and horticulture. This taxonomic account of the armoured scales (Diaspididae) of Iran is the first of three works planned to cover all the scale insects in the country. It provides a resource for accurate laboratory identification of all the species known to occur in Iran or that are likely to be found there. Keys to the families of scale insects found in Iran, and to the 49 genera and 144 species of Diaspididae found there, are provided. Detailed line drawings of all the species known to occur in Iran are provided to facilitate identification. These are accompanied by detailed descriptions, distribution data, information on natural enemies, economic importance and host-plants recorded in Iran. The main purpose of the work is to provide agricultural entomologists concerned with pest control and quarantine inspection worldwide with a reliable means of species identification.
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HENDERSON, ROSA C., AMIR SULTAN, and ALASTAIR W. ROBERTSON. "Scale insect fauna (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) of New Zealand’s pygmy mistletoes (Korthalsella: Viscaceae) with description of three new species: Leucaspis albotecta, L. trilobata (Diaspididae) and Eriococcus korthalsellae (Eriococcidae)." Zootaxa 2644, no. 1 (2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2644.1.1.
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The scale insect fauna recorded on the pigmy mistletoe genus Korthalsella (Viscaceae) and New Zealand’s loranthaceous mistletoes is reviewed. Three new species from New Zealand discovered on Korthalsella species during this study are described: the adult female, 2nd-instar male and female nymphs of two pupillarial species Leucaspis albotecta sp. nov. and Leucaspis trilobata sp. nov. (Diaspididae); and the adult female, 2nd-instar male and female nymphs and 1st-instar nymph of Eriococcus korthalsellae sp. nov. (Eriococcidae). A distribution map is provided for the three new species. We report the first records of adventive (exotic) scale insects on Korthalsella species in New Zealand – Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio, Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, soft brown scale, Saissetia coffeae (Walker), hemispherical scale, S. oleae (Olivier), black scale (Coccidae), and Aspidiotus nerii Bouché, oleander scale, Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret), latania scale, H. rapax (Comstock), greedy scale (Diaspididae), while three native scale insects are also first records: Kalasiris perforata (Maskell) (Coccidae), Eriococcus pallidus Maskell (Eriococcidae) and Paracoccus glaucus (Maskell) (Pseudococcidae). Ten scale insect species are listed for New Zealand’s loranthaceous mistletoes.
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Pellizzari, Giuseppina, Francesco Porcelli, Gabrijel Seljak, and Ferenc Kozár. "Some additions to the Scale insect fauna (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of Crete with a check list of the species known from the island." Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 43, no. 3 (2011): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jear.2011.291.
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A list of the scale insects (Homoptera: C occoidea) recorded by the authors for the Greek island of C rete is reported. This includes twenty-seven species new to the island The most interesting records are Kermes palestiniensis Balachowsky (Kermesidae), only recorded previously from Israel, and Getulaspis bupleuri (Marchal) (Diaspididae), only known previously from North A frica and the Middle E ast. With the present additions, the number of scale insect species recorded on C rete has reached 82. A revised check list of the scales presently known from the island is also provided.
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STALAŽS, ARTURS. "Biruta Rasiņa’s collection of scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) at the Latvian National Museum of Natural History, including type material of several species." Zootaxa 5039, no. 4 (2021): 451–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5039.4.1.
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Information about the scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) fauna of Latvia was first published in the second half of the 18th century, but the most serious and purposeful research on it was carried out between the 1920s and the early 1970s. Biruta Rasiņa, in collaboration with her colleagues, conducted the most extensive research on the scale insect fauna in Latvia in the 20th century. She was active in science from the 1940s until the early 1970s, and described eight new species between 1966 and 1971. According to modern taxonomy, seven names of the taxa she described are now synonyms of the names of other species, but one of her species names is still considered to be valid. Previously it was believed that the type material of the taxa she described, and all the other scale insect material she collected, had been lost. For an indefinite period of time the Latvian National Museum of Natural History had stored a collection of unaudited and still unregistered material, thought to be a collection of plant damages collected by Alfrēds Rasiņš. However, inspection of the material showed that it was in fact Biruta Rasiņa’s collection of scale insects, which contained both dry and ethanol-preserved material as well as microscope slides. The material has now been audited and registered in the museum’s collection. Most of the material was collected in Latvia, but the material also includes samples from other countries (Armenia, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Poland, Russian Federation and Ukraine). The collection includes samples of 75 species from eight families, of which 50 species were collected in the wild, 20 in greenhouses and indoors, and 5 species were found on imported fruits. Biruta Rasiņa’s collection of scale insects is the only known important collection of scale insects in Latvia, and is of national significance. A catalogue of the collection is therefore provided in this paper.
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Mansour, Rramzi, Rim Mkaouar, Kaouthar Grissa Lebdi, Pompeo Suma, and Agatino Russo. "A survey of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) occurring on olives in Tunisia." Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 43, no. 3 (2011): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jear.2011.315.
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A survey performed in 2009 within 52 Tunisian olive groves, located in 17 different olive-growing sites, revealed the occurrence of six scale insects on olives. The identified species were: the armoured scales Aspidiotus nerii Bouché, Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.), and Parlatoria oleae (Colvée), the soft scales Saissetia oleae (Olivier) and Filippia follicularis (Targioni Tozzetti) and the mealybug species Peliococcus cycliger (Leonardi). The soft scale F. follicularis is a new record for the Tunisian insect fauna. A mong these species, S. oleae was the predominant scale insect occurring throughout olive groves of northeastern Tunisia, whereas the mealybug P. cycliger was by far the most abundant species within olives groves of the Northwest region of Tunisia. However, P. oleae was the least abundant species, being present in only one olive-growing site in northeastern Tunisia. L arvae of the noctuid moth Eublemma scitula (Rambur) were reported feeding on S. oleae and the coccinellid Chilocorus bipustulatus L . was found feeding on both S. oleae and A. nerii. The two hymenopteran species Scutellista cyanea Motschulsky and Metaphycus spp. were recorded as the main parasitoids of S. oleae.
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WATSON, GILLIAN W., and DAVID OUVRARD. "Towards the identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 1. Identification of the families." Zootaxa 5052, no. 2 (2021): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5052.2.1.
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Scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) are obligate plant parasites feeding on plant sap; some are damaging pests in agriculture, horticulture and forestry. Despite their economic importance, the scale insects found in continental Africa have not been extensively studied and the keys for identifying them are incomplete and scattered through the literature in several languages. The aim of this study is to improve our understanding of the African scale insect fauna. As a first step towards their identification, we provide a key to the 23 families currently known from continental Africa, based on slide-mounted adult females, covering Aclerdidae, Asterolecaniidae, Cerococcidae, Coccidae, Conchaspididae, Dactylopiidae, Diaspididae, Eriococcidae, Halimococcidae, Kermesidae, Kerriidae, Kuwaniidae, Lecanodiaspididae, Margarodidae, Matsucoccidae, Micrococcidae, Monophlebidae, Ortheziidae, Phoenicococcidae, Pseudococcidae, Putoidae, Rhizoecidae and Stictococcidae.
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Kozár, F., F. Samu, É. Szita, et al. "New data to the scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) fauna of Mezőföld (Hungary)." Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 44, no. 2 (2009): 431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aphyt.44.2009.2.19.
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Majka, Christopher G., Yves Bousquet, Christine Noronha, and Mary E. Smith. "The distribution, zoogeography, and composition of Prince Edward Island Carabidae (Coleoptera)." Canadian Entomologist 140, no. 1 (2008): 128–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n07-024.
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AbstractFourteen species of Carabidae are added to Prince Edward Island’s (P.E.I.) faunal list, bringing the known fauna to 167 species. Bembidion nitidum (Kirby) and Bembidion obtusum Audinet-Serville are newly recorded for the Maritime Provinces. Six species are removed from P.E.I.’s faunal list. The history of collecting of Carabidae on P.E.I. is briefly recounted. Despite differences in land area and distance from the mainland between P.E.I., Cape Breton Island, and insular Newfoundland, their carabid faunas exhibit many similarities in size and composition. The native carabid fauna of P.E.I. comprises 49% of the species in the combined Maritime Provinces fauna, perhaps reflecting an island-related diminution of species diversity. The proportion of flightless species on P.E.I. (4.9%) is less than that in the Maritime Provinces as a whole (7.1%), an apparent indication that the Northumberland Strait has been a barrier to colonization. Twenty-seven introduced species are found on P.E.I., 26 of which can be classified as synanthropic and may have originated in dry-ballast quarries in southwestern England. Although the earliest dates of detection of many introduced species on P.E.I. are substantially later than elsewhere in the Maritimes, this reflects the paucity of early collecting. Land-management practices on P.E.I. (large-scale and early forest clearances, intensive agriculture, and the extensive use of biocides) may have had an impact on P.E.I.’s carabid fauna.
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Li, Peikun, Jian Zhang, Shunping Ding, Peisen Yan, Panpan Zhang, and Shengyan Ding. "Environmental Effects on Taxonomic Turnover in Soil Fauna across Multiple Forest Ecosystems in East Asia." Insects 13, no. 12 (2022): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13121103.
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The large-scale spatial variation in and causes of biotic turnover of soil fauna remain poorly understood. Analyses were conducted based on published data from 14 independent sampling sites across five forest ecosystems in East Asia. Jaccard and Sørensen’s indices were used to measure turnover rates in soil fauna orders. A redundancy analysis was used to investigate multiple environmental controls of the composition of soil fauna communities. The results showed that both Jaccard’s and Sørensen’s index increased significantly with increasing latitude difference. The environment explained 54.1%, 50.6%, 57.3% and 50.9% of the total variance, and spatial factors explained 13.8%, 15.9%, 21.0% and 12.6% of the total variance in the orders’ composition regarding overall, phytophagous, predatory and saprophagous fauna, respectively. In addition, climate factors in environmental processes were observed to have a stronger effect than soil factors on the orders’ turnover rates. Our results support the hypothesis that the effect of environment factors on soil animal taxa turnover is more important than the effect of spatial factors. Climatic factors explained more variation in the turnover of phytophagic fauna, but soil and environment factors equally explained the variation in the turnover of predatory fauna. This study provides evidence to support both environmental filtering and dispersal limitation hypotheses at the regional and population scales.
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Rodenhouse, Nicholas L., Lynn M. Christenson, Dylan Parry, and Linda E. Green. "Climate change effects on native fauna of northeastern forestsThis article is one of a selection of papers from NE Forests 2100: A Synthesis of Climate Change Impacts on Forests of the Northeastern US and Eastern Canada." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 2 (2009): 249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x08-160.
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We review the observed and potential effects of climate change on native fauna of forests in northeastern North America by focusing on mammals, birds, amphibians, and insects. Our assessment is placed in the context of recent regional-scale climate projections. Climate change, particularly in recent decades, has affected the distribution and abundance of numerous wildlife species. Warming temperatures, alterations to precipitation regimes, seasonality, and climatic extremes are projected to affect species directly or indirectly in each of the focal taxa. Greatest climate change will occur during winter, and the survival of winter-active species as well as the survival, distribution, and abundance of hibernating mammals, amphibians, resident birds, and diapausing insects may be altered. Even under low emissions scenarios, effects on native fauna may be profound, affecting iconic species, endangered species, and species that provide economically valuable services, such as pollination and regulation of insect populations. However, much research that is essential to assessing the effects of climate change on the native fauna of northeastern forests remains to be done. Research that reveals causal mechanisms and relates these findings to population and community level processes will be most valuable.
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Shin, Sang Eon, Hyun Ju Lee, Ji Hye Park, et al. "The First Survey of Forensically Important Entomofauna Collected from Medicolegal Autopsies in South Korea." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/606728.
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Forensic entomology applies insect evidence to legal problems such as the estimation of minimum postmortem interval (mPMI). For this purpose, knowledge of the insect fauna that are attracted to human cadavers in each geographic region is a prerequisite. Despite many studies investigating the insect fauna attracted to meat, there has been no survey of the entomofauna on human cadavers in the East Asian temperate climate zone, particularly in Korea. Therefore, this study reports the entomofauna collected from medicolegal autopsies in northeastern Seoul and its suburbs. Insect samples were collected from 35 medicolegal autopsies in 2010, 2011, and 2013. Molecular and morphological methods were utilized for taxonomic identification. Among 1398 individual samples belonging to 3 orders, 13 families, 18 genera, and 32 species, the dominant family and species were Calliphoridae andLucilia sericata, respectively. Despite its limited scale, this study provides a snapshot of the general entomofauna that are attracted to human cadavers in this region.
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Japoshvili, G., and H. Celik. "Fauna of Encyrtidae, parasitoids of coccids in Golcuk Natural Park." ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA 19, no. 2 (2017): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/eh.11580.
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Species of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), which are parasitoids of Coccoidea, were collected by malaise trap in Golcuk Natural Park during March-October, 2009. Forty-four species of encyrtids, belonging to 24 genera, were recorded during our survey. Two genera and nine species were found to represent new records for the Turkish fauna. Twenty-eight encyrtid species were identified to the species level and the remaining specimens to genus and morphospecies level. This was the first attempt at estimating the scale insect fauna using their parasitoids collected by malaise traps.
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Priya Gaur, Praveer Pandey, Pramila Kori, and Santosh Gaherwal. "Study on diel variation and effect of anthropogenic activities on birds." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 11, no. 1 (2022): 021–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2022.11.1.0087.
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Background: It has been claimed that the turndown of insect population due to strengthening agriculture may have led to a reduction in the number of farmland birds some autecological studies support this postulate. Insect abundance is significantly associated with bird density measures large scale invertebrate sampling was done using suction traps and results showed that with time as food quality and quantity changes there is a decline in farmland birds. Method: The study was conducted for a period of one year, point count method was adopted to record these parameters. Relevant field guides were used to identify observed bird and insect species. Several avian species were seen preying on several insects. Such instances were listed and we also concluded about the insectivorous nature of several avian species based on sightings. Results: In all the four sites collectively, order Lepidoptera of Insect fauna is dominant in all the four study sites. Several anthropogenic stresses were reported in the present study, these activities should be checked regularly and must be prohibited. During three time slots, the activity of birds was recorded and family wise bird activity were observed. Results showed that there were few species common in all the three-time slots and some disparity was recorded in their availability in the morning, noon, and evening respectively.
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Santas, L. A. "Physokermes hemicryphus (Dalman) a fir scale insect useful to apiculture in Greece." ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA 6 (May 31, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/eh.13954.
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Physokermes hemicryphus (Dalman) is an important honeydew producing scale insect useful to apiculture. It lives mainly on Abies cephalonica Loud. and to a lesser degree on Abies borisii regis Mattf. These fir trees exist in most fir forests of Greece. It has one generation per year. Overwintering takes place in the second instar nymph. The female overwinters under the bud scales of the forks of the fir host and the male on the needles. Adults appear in spring and crawlers in July. In August the population consists mainly of first instar nymphs. The second instar nymphs start to appear in August and by late October the whole population is at the second nymphal instar, which is the overwintering one. The insect occurs in the fir forests of Greece every year but its population level fluctuates, due to weather conditions and biological factors (parasites, predators). The coexistence on the same host plant of P. hemicryphus with the scale Eulecanium sericeum (Lindiger) and the aphid Milldams abietinus (Koch) prevents the visit of honeybees to fir trees. On the other hand it favours the augmentation of the P. hemicryphus population. Four parasites were found, from which the Encyrtidae Pseudorhopus testaceus (Razz.) and Microterus lunatus (Dalman), are recorded for the first time in Greek fauna.
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PELLIZZARI, GIUSEPPINA, EVANGELIA CHADZIDIMITRIOU, PANAGIOTIS MILONAS, GEORGE J. STATHAS, and FERENC KOZÁR. "Check list and zoogeographic analysis of the scale insect fauna (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of Greece." Zootaxa 4012, no. 1 (2015): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4012.1.3.
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Gonsalves, Leroy, Bradley Law, and Rachel Blakey. "Experimental evaluation of the initial effects of large-scale thinning on structure and biodiversity of river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) forests." Wildlife Research 45, no. 5 (2018): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr17168.
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Context Multi-use management of global forests has seen even-aged, high-stem density regrowth represent >50% of the world’s forest cover. Large areas of river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) forests have declined in ecological condition. Thinning has been promoted as a tool to reduce competition in dense, young stands of E. camaldulensis regrowth, yet responses of forest structure and fauna to large-scale thinning are largely unclear. Aims To establish a before-after-control-impact experiment to assess responses of forest structure and fauna to large-scale (compartment-level; ~440 ha) silvicultural thinning. Methods We measured immediate (<2 yrs) responses of forest structural components (living, dead and hollow-bearing stem densities, coarse woody debris (CWD) density and volumes and ground cover) and components of biodiversity (bats, birds, volant insects and non-volant mammals) before and after thinning within five control and three impact compartments. Key results Thinning reduced stem density by approximately two-thirds and was associated with a substantial increase in activity and richness of bats and a change in bat species composition. There was no change in richness for birds and non-volant mammals, nor insect biomass in relation to thinning. However, thinning affected composition of non-volant mammals, with the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) less active post-thinning at impact plots relative to control plots. Thinning reduced the density of dead stems, though these were predominantly small (~13 cm diameter at breast height over bark, or dbhob) and mostly lacked hollows. Hollow-bearing tree density was not affected by thinning. Although thinning increased CWD densities, volume of CWD did not change, indicating that thinning contributed small-sized CWD. Thinning did not affect densities of hollow- and fissure-bearing CWD or ground cover, which was low (<7%) in control and impact plots. There were no other negative effects on biodiversity detected. Conclusions Short-term fauna responses to thinning were generally neutral or positive. Implications Ongoing monitoring is required to detect long-term changes that may result from colonisation or altered breeding success after thinning. We recommend that some unthinned stands should be retained throughout the landscape to provide a mosaic forest structure suitable for a diverse fauna.
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Tomita, Kazuhiro, Tomoya Suzuki, Koki Yano, and Koji Tojo. "Community Structure of Aquatic Insects Adapted to Lentic Water Environments, and Fine-Scale Analyses of Local Population Structures and the Genetic Structures of an Endangered Giant Water Bug Appasus japonicus." Insects 11, no. 6 (2020): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11060389.
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Environments such as floodplains and the marshlands of rivers, lakes and ponds, are important habitats for aquatic insects adapted to lentic water conditions. In addition, ponds and paddy fields artificially created for agriculture are also important alternative habitats for lotic water-dependent wildlife. In this study, we focused on aquatic insects in ponds in the Matsumoto Basin, located in the center of Japan. Although this is an urbanized area, aquatic animals adapted to floodplains inhabit it at a relatively high density for Japan. We conducted a multifaceted evaluation of the environments of the 33 ponds in this region and conducted a survey of the aquatic insect fauna inhabiting them. In this study, we conducted quantitative sampling, focusing on two insect orders adapted to large-scale lentic water environments (i.e., Heteroptera and Coleoptera), and observed five species of three families and 16 species of five families from the Matsumoto Basin, respectively. Within these species, eight endangered species were included. Furthermore, we carried out a genetic structure analysis for the giant water bug, Appasus japonicus, inhabiting these ponds in high density, and conducted a comparative evaluation of their genetic diversity between these ponds. A total of 530 specimens of A. japonicus were genetically analyzed for the mitochondrial DNA COI region, and 26 haplotypes were observed. The degree of genetic diversity between the ponds was clearly demonstrated. In addition, we discussed the wintering possibilities for the giant water bugs based on their corresponding surrounding environmental factors, and comprehensively discussed their “source−sink” relationships in this region. Therefore, this is a comprehensive study focused on the relevant environmental factors, diversification of their community structures, their population structures, and their genetic structure at a fine scale.
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GAVRILOV, ILYA A. "Descriptions of two new species of Pseudococcidae (Homoptera: Coccinea) and additions to the scale insect fauna of Bulgaria." Zootaxa 2635, no. 1 (2010): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2635.1.2.
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Two new species of mealybug, Balanococus balkanicus Gavrilov sp. n. and Phenacoccus alibotush Gavrilov sp. n. (Homoptera: Coccinea: Pseudococcidae) are described and illustrated. In addition 10 species new to the Bulgarian fauna are noted: Atrococcus paludinus (Green), Balanococcus boratynskii Williams, Trionymus radicum (Newstead), Coccura comari (Künow), Heliococcus destructor Borchsenius, Peliococcus balteatus (Green), Phenacoccus pumilus Kiritschenko, Rhizoecus halophilus (Hardy), Phyllostroma myrtilli (Kaltenbach), and Lecanopsis clodiensis (Pellizzari). A new detailed figure of Heliococcus destructor Borchsenius is given. In addition, A. (Eriococcus) melnikensis (Hodgson & Trencheva (2008) is here synonymised with Acanthococcus aceris Signoret (1875), syn. nov.
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ŁAGOWSKA, BOZENA, and CHRIS HODGSON. "Two more new species of armoured scale insect (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Diaspididae) from Fiji." Zootaxa 3384, no. 1 (2012): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3384.1.2.
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The adult females of two new species of Diaspididae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) are described and placed in Anzaspis Henderson(previously only known from New Zealand): A. neocordylinidis Łagowska & Hodgson and A. pandani Łagowska & Hodgson.The former is close to A. cordylinidis (Maskell), currently only known from New Zealand and found on the same host plantspecies, and the latter is very close to Chionaspis pandanicola Williams & Watson, only currently known from Fiji, and alsocollected on the same host plant species. Two previously described Chionaspis species already known from Fiji, i.e. C.freycinetiae Williams & Watson and C. pandanicola Williams & Watson are transferred to Anzaspis as Anzaspis freycinetiae(Williams & Watson) comb. nov. and A. pandanicola (Williams & Watson) comb. nov., and a third species, C. rhaphidophoraeWilliams & Watson, is transferred to Serenaspis as Serenaspis rhaphidophorae (Williams & Watson) comb. nov.. The reasonsfor these nomenclatural decisions and the relationship between the scale insect fauna of Fiji and New Zealand are discussed. A key is provided to all related species in the tropical South Pacific and New Zealand.
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MOGHADDAM, MASUMEH, and GILLIAN W. WATSON. "THE SCALE INSECTS OF IRAN (HEMIPTERA: COCCOMORPHA)<br>PART 2 THE MEALYBUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE AND RHIZOECIDAE) AND PUTOIDAE." Zootaxa 5126, no. 1 (2022): 1–169. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5126.1.1.
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Iran is situated at the junctions of the Palaearctic and Oriental zoogeographical Regions, and the Caspian, Baluchi and Irano-Turanian floral zones, so it has a very diverse scale insect fauna. Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) are economically important in forestry, agriculture and horticulture. This taxonomic work on the mealybugs (Pseudococcidae and Rhizoecidae) and Putoidae of Iran is the second of three parts planned to cover all the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in the country. It provides a resource for accurate laboratory identification of all the species known to occur in Iran or that are likely to be found there. Keys to the genera and species of mealybug found in Iran—29 genera and 62 species of Pseudococcidae, and one genus and one species in each of the families Rhizoecidae and Putoidae—are provided. Detailed line drawings of all the species are given to facilitate identification. These are accompanied by detailed descriptions, distribution data, information on natural enemies, economic importance and host-plants recorded in Iran. The main purpose of the work is to provide agricultural staff concerned with pest control and quarantine inspection in Iran with a reliable means of species identification. The species Dysmicoccus walkeri (Newstead), Peliococcus marrubii (Kiritshenko) and Phenacoccus transcaucasicus Hadzibejli are recorded for the first time from Iran, and Artemicoccus poacearum Moghaddam & Watson sp. n. and Spilococcus williamsi Moghaddam & Watson sp. n. are described.
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Maravalhas, Jonas, Jacques H. C. Delabie, Rafael G. Macedo, and Helena C. Morais. "Tree-Dwelling Ants: Contrasting Two Brazilian Cerrado Plant Species without Extrafloral Nectaries." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/172739.
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Ants dominate vegetation stratum, exploiting resources like extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) and insect honeydew. These interactions are frequent in Brazilian cerrado and are well known, but few studies compare ant fauna and explored resources between plant species. We surveyed two cerrado plants without EFNs,Roupala montana(found on preserved environments of our study area) andSolanum lycocarpum(disturbed ones). Ants were collected and identified, and resources on each plant noted. Ant frequency and richness were higher onR. montana(67%; 35 spp) thanS. lycocarpum(52%; 26), the occurrence of the common ant species varied between them, and similarity was low. Resources were explored mainly byCamponotus crassusand consisted of scale insects, aphids, and floral nectaries onR. montanaand two treehopper species onS. lycocarpum. Ants have a high diversity on cerrado plants, exploring liquid and prey-based resources that vary in time and space and affect their presence on plants.
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PELLIZZARI, GIUSEPPINA, and FRANCESCO PORCELLI. "Aspidiotus bornmuelleri Lindinger, 1911, rev. comb. (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae), a neglected endemic species from Macaronesia, with comments on the genus Cryptophyllaspis, and further notes on the scale insect fauna of Canary Islands, Spain." Zootaxa 4300, no. 1 (2017): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.1.5.
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Cryptophyllaspis bornmuelleri (Lindinger) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), an endemic plant-galling species from the Canary Islands, has been re-collected in Tenerife. The galls induced by this species on Globularia salicina leaves and the diaspidid adult female are redescribed and illustrated. Detailed study of the species has resulted in the combination Aspidiotus bornmuelleri Lindinger being revived, with C. bornmuelleri sunk as a junior synonym. Its taxonomic history, and comments on the genus Cryptophyllaspis and the other species pertaining to it, are reported. Further data on the scale insect fauna of Canary Islands are also presented.
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Tummeleht, Lea, Margret Jürison, Olavi Kurina, Heli Kirik, Julia Jeremejeva, and Arvo Viltrop. "Diversity of Diptera Species in Estonian Pig Farms." Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 1 (2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7010013.
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In light of the African swine fever outbreaks in Estonian pig farms during the past few years, the question of the vector potential of Diptera in the pig farm environment has risen. However, the arthropod fauna of the pig farm environment is currently not well established. Hence, the aim of this study was to clarify the species diversity in pig farms. In total, 22 Diptera species or species groups were found in Estonian pig farms. There were altogether 186,701 individual arthropods collected, from which 96.6% (180,444) belonged to the order of true flies (Insecta: Diptera). The remaining 3.4% were from other insect orders, arachnids, or just damaged and unidentifiable specimens. The activity density and diversity of dipterans differed significantly between 12 sampled farms but not throughout the sampling period. The present study is amongst the few to provide a large-scale overview of pig-farm-associated Diptera in the temperate climate zone.
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Sutherst, R. W., A. Macqueen, B. M. Kelley, D. A. Stegeman, K. G. Asher, and R. S. Tozer. "Mechanized extraction of arthropods from cattle dung." Bulletin of Entomological Research 77, no. 2 (1987): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300011718.
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AbstractEcological, population and community studies of arthropod fauna inhabiting dung require large-scale quantitative data to produce statistically adequate results. A mechanized extraction technique is described which recovers fauna accurately and rapidly from large numbers of cattle dung pads. The equipment comprises a motor-driven paddle which agitates the dung sample in a bucket with fine mesh panels inlaid into its walls and through which is passed a continuous flow of water. An electric motor drives five such units simultaneously. Most dipteran puparia and adult arthropods float on water and are recovered following the washing. Puparia are recovered manually, while mites and adult beetles are extracted from the floating debris with heat in modified Berlese-Tullgren funnels. The wash bucket and its drained contents are then immersed in a flotation vat through which a sodium carbonate solution is recirculated. Insect eggs and larvae are floated off into sieves and rinsed before preservation. The resulting samples are fixed and preserved in 70% ethanol for later identification and counting. The procedure recovered 70–90% of most types and stages of dung fauna. Up to 25 complete dung pads can be processed per day with a team of three people.
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Moya, Sofía Lorián, Enrique Alejandro Szelag, Mariana Manteca-Acosta, María Gabriela Quintana, and Oscar Daniel Salomón. "Update of the Phlebotominae Fauna with New Records for Argentina and Observations on Leishmaniasis Transmission Scenarios at a Regional Scale." Neotropical Entomology 51, no. 2 (2021): 311–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13744-021-00934-7.
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Schikora, Hans-Bert. "CHANGES IN THE TERRESTRIAL SPIDER FAUNA (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE) OF A NORTH GERMAN RAISED BOG DISTURBED BY HUMAN INFLUENCE. 1964–1965 AND 1986–1987: A COMPARISON." Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 126, S169 (1994): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm126169061-1.
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AbstractThe terrestrial spider fauna of a North German bog relict, initially examined in a pitfall trap study in 1964–1965, was the subject of a similar examination 22 years later. Between the investigations the bog, which was still in a quite pristine state, had considerably changed its ecological character due to progressive draining. Sixty-eight spider species were collected. Many of them are characteristic for bogs, but none can be regarded as bog-specific. On a general species level no clear clues about consequences of biotope changes could be ascertained; 81% of the former species were found again.The most informative data are provided by species composition and abundance of the more prevalent spider species. In 1964–1965 the spider fauna was clearly dominated by photophilous species, many of them additionally preferring wet or moist biotopes. Twenty-two years later the proportion of photophilous species had decreased in favour of more skotophilous species.The scale of changes in biotope characters is regarded as the most probable explanation for this phenomenon, especially the increase of "shrubbiness" in vegetation and the nearly total loss of peatmosses. The spider Antistea elegans (Blw.), Hahniidae, is discussed as a possible indicator species for monitoring hydrological changes in bog biotopes.
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Katayama, Motoki, Tadatsugu Hosoya, and Wataru Toki. "First survey of ground-dwelling ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on the uninhabited Gaja-jima Island, the Ryukyu archipelago, Japan." Entomologica Fennica 24, no. 4 (2019): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.84614.
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The ground-dwelling ant fauna on the uninhabited Gaja-jima Island, the Tokara Islands, the Ryukyu archipelago, Japan was investigated, which was the first survey on ants of the island. Twenty-three ant species were found during a visit of only eight hours in daytime. Four of them were new records to the Tokara Islands. Of the four new records, the southern limit of distributions was renewed for three species. Three exotic species, Pheidole fervens, Tetramorium bicarinatum, and Tapinoma melanocephalum were recognized, which seems relatively low given that ten exotic species have been altogether recorded from the Tokara Islands. The relationship between invasion by ants and the scale of human activity is discussed.
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Moya, Sofía Lorián, Enrique Alejandro Szelag, Mariana Manteca-Acosta, María Gabriela Quintana, and Oscar Daniel Salomón. "Correction to: Update of the Phlebotominae Fauna with New Records for Argentina and Observations on Leishmaniasis Transmission Scenarios at a Regional Scale." Neotropical Entomology 51, no. 2 (2022): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13744-022-00941-2.
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Latorre, Dani, Guillem Masó, Arlo Hinckley, et al. "Interpopulation Variability in Dietary Traits of Invasive Bleak Alburnus alburnus (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) Across the Iberian Peninsula." Water 12, no. 8 (2020): 2200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12082200.
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The bleak Alburnus alburnus is native to most of Europe. This cyprinid fish is a successful invader in the Iberian Peninsula. No studies exist on its foraging strategies on a large scale for this ecoregion. The aim of the present study was to compare dietary traits of invasive bleak among the main Iberian rivers and a ‘reference’ native bleak population from France. Bleak were sampled during May–June 2019 from the Iberian Rivers Ebro, Tagus, Guadiana, Segura and Guadalquivir and the River Saône (France). Diptera larvae and zooplankton were common food categories in the River Saône. Insect nymphs were more important in the River Ebro. The intake of plant material was higher in the River Tagus. Flying insects were more consumed in the River Guadiana. Nektonic insects were important in the River Guadalquivir. Detritus was a frequent food category for all populations, in terms of occurrence and mass. Dietary parameters followed a unimodal response in relation to the latitudinal gradient, with the maximum values for the Tagus and Guadiana populations. Overall, results suggest that this wide interpopulation variability will contribute to the species’ successful establishment throughout Mediterranean Europe, which poses a serious risk to its highly valuable native fish fauna.
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SZWEDO, Jacek, Jowita DROHOJOWSKA, Yuri A. POPOV, Ewa SIMON, and Piotr WEGIEREK. "Aphids, true hoppers, jumping plant-lice, scale insects, true bugs and whiteflies (Insecta: Hemiptera) from the Insect Limestone (latest Eocene) of the Isle of Wight, UK." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 110, no. 3-4 (2019): 331–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175569101900001x.
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ABSTRACTRepresentatives of the Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha, Fulgoromorpha, Cicadomorpha and Heteroptera from the Late Eocene of the Isle of Wight, UK, are analysed and discussed. Psylloidea were reviewed and a key to the described taxa is given. Aphidoidea were studied, previously described taxa revised and new taxa described. New taxa of Aphidoidea are Hormaphididae: Hormaphis? longistigma Wegierek sp. nov.; Eriosomatidae: Eriosoma gratshevi Wegierek sp. nov. and Colopha? incognita Wegierek sp. nov.; Drepanosiphidae: Panfossilis anglicus Wegierek gen. et sp. nov. and Betulaphis kozlovi Wegierek sp. nov. Previously described Fulgoromorpha were revised and new taxa are described. The homonym Hastites Cockerell, 1922 (Cixiidae) preoccupied by Hastites Mayer-Eymar, 1883 is replaced by Catulliastites Szwedo nom. nov. for Catulliastites muiri (Cockerell) comb. nov. New taxa described are Cixiidae: Klugga gnawa Szwedo gen. et sp. nov., Klugga regoa Szwedo sp. nov., Liwakka gelloa Szwedo gen et sp. nov., Delwa morikwa Szwedo gen. et sp. nov., Kommanosyne wrikkua Szwedo gen. et sp. nov., Kernastiridius nephlajeus Szwedo gen. et sp. nov., Margaxius angosus Szwedo gen. et sp. nov., Dweivera reikea Szwedo gen. et sp. nov., Samaliverus bikkanus Szwedo gen. et sp. nov., Komsitija tuberculata Szwedo gen. et sp. nov., Langsmaniko marous Szwedo gen. et sp. nov., Komnixta jarzembowskii Szwedo gen. et sp. nov. and Worodbera nimakka gen. et sp. nov.; Tropiduchidae: Reteotissus hooleyi Szwedo gen. et sp. nov., Phatanako gen. nov. for Phatanako wilmattae (Cockerell) comb. nov., Senogaetulia kwalea Szwedo gen. et sp. nov., Dakrutulia mikhailkozlovi Szwedo gen. et sp. nov., Keriophettus atibenus Szwedo gen. et sp. nov. and Sognotela emeljanovi Szwedo gen. et sp. nov.; Issidae: Krundia korba Szwedo gen. et sp. nov., Breukoscelis vadimgratshevi Szwedo gen. et sp. nov., Breukoscelis phrikkosus Szwedo sp. nov. and Uphodato garwoterus Szwedo gen. et sp. nov.; Nogodinidae: Ambitaktoinae Szwedo subfam. nov., Ambitaktoa stoumma Szwedo gen. et sp. nov., Phariberea gurdonika Szwedo gen. et sp. nov., Wixskimoa torxsea Szwedo gen. et sp. nov., and Nadrimini trib. nov. with Niadrima yulei Szwedo gen. et sp. nov.; Lophopidae: Ankomwarius brodiei Szwedo gen. et sp. nov.; Ricaniidae: Ankwlanno bluga Szwedo gen. et sp. nov. Previously described Cicadomorpha were revised and new taxa are described: Cicadidae: Kintusamo boulardi Szwedo gen. et sp. nov; Aphrophoridae: Blenniphora Szwedo gen. nov. for Blenniphora woodwardi (Cockerell) comb. nov., Blenniphora skaka Szwedo sp. nov. and Blenniphora bikkanoa Szwedo sp. nov.; Luisphantyelus briwus Szwedo gen. et sp. nov., Natajephora lijanka Szwedo gen. et sp. nov.; Cercopidae: Berro enissuextaensis Szwedo gen. et sp. nov.; Cicadellidae: Mileewinae: Teniwitta andrewrossi Szwedo gen. et sp. nov. Formerly described true bugs (Heteroptera) are revised and several new taxa are described – Nepomorpha: Corixidae: Diacorixites szwedoi Popov gen. et sp. nov.; Cimicomorpha: Tingidae: Parasinalda wappleri Popov sp. nov., Viktorgolubia Popov gen. nov. for Viktorgolubia seposita (Cockerell) comb. nov.; Miridae: Gurnardinia herczeki Popov gen. et sp. nov.; Pentatomomorpha: Lygaeidae: Gurnardobayini Popov trib. nov., Gurnardobaya rossi Popov gen. et sp. nov.; Cydnidae: Eocenocydnus lisi Popov gen. et sp. nov.; Pentatomidae: Podopinites coloratus Popov gen. et sp. nov. and Podopinites acourti (Cockerell) comb. nov. An overview of the Late Eocene fauna of the Hemiptera is presented. Ecological and biogeographical patterns of the Hemiptera from the Isle of Wight deposits are discussed.
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Gdula, Anna K., Piotr Skubała, Bogna Zawieja, and Dariusz J. Gwiazdowicz. "Mite communities (Acari: Mesostigmata, Oribatida) in the red belt conk, Fomitopsis pinicola (Polyporales), in Polish forests." Experimental and Applied Acarology 84, no. 3 (2021): 543–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10493-021-00635-1.
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AbstractThe fruiting bodies of bracket fungi are a specific microhabitat colonized by various invertebrates of which mites (Acari) are rarely studied, and if they are, the study is usually faunistic. The aim of the research was to determine whether the diversification of mite assemblages (Mesostigmata, Oribatida) inhabiting the fruiting bodies of Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.) P. Karst. (Polyporales) are connected with the character of the forests and/or the degree of decay (DD) of the fruiting bodies. The research was conducted at Białowieża National Park (BNP), in forests close to natural ones and in Karkonosze National Park (KNP) which was affected by a large-scale forest dieback in the 1980s. Eighty fruiting bodies (40 at each study site) of F. pinicola belonging to four DD categories were collected. In total, 4,345 individuals of 120 mite species were recorded at BNP, and 13,912 individuals of 96 species were recorded at KNP. Analyses revealed that the sample dispersion at each study site was comparable, nevertheless the samples from each study site were clearly grouped into slightly overlapping sets which allow observation of the differences between them. In the less decayed fungi (DD 1 and 2) there were fewer mite species and individual mites than in the more decayed samples (DD 3 and 4). There were also significant differences between the fauna of the fungi in each particular DD: the fauna of DD 1 differed from all others, whereas the fauna of heavily decayed fungi (DD 3 and 4) was more comparable.
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Komonen, Atte, and Saana Kataja-aho. "Springtails (Collembola) in meadows, pastures and road verges in Central Finland." Entomologica Fennica 28, no. 3 (2019): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.84683.
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Understanding of species distribution, abundance and habitat affinities is crucial for red-list assessment, conservation and habitat management. In Central Finland, we studied Collembola in three habitat types, namely non-grazedmeadows, pastures and road verges using pitfall traps. Altogether, 9,630 Collembola individuals were recorded. These belonged to 12 families, 34 genera and 60 species. The number of specimens was clearly higher in meadows than in pastures or road verges. The number of species, however, was higher in meadows and road verges (40 and 39 species, respectively) than in pastures (33 species). The overall species number is comparable to other large-scale sampling schemes in similar habitats. We recorded a few abundant species (Spatulosminthurus flaviceps, Sminthurus viridis and Sminthurus nigromaculatus) that have been previously recorded from very different biotopes. In conclusion, biodiversity inventories of soil fauna, as well as other biota, should also include marginal habitats, which often host peculiar communities.
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Pentinsaari, Mikko, Gergin A. Blagoev, Ian D. Hogg, et al. "A DNA Barcoding Survey of an Arctic Arthropod Community: Implications for Future Monitoring." Insects 11, no. 1 (2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11010046.
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Accurate and cost-effective methods for tracking changes in arthropod communities are needed to develop integrative environmental monitoring programs in the Arctic. To date, even baseline data on their species composition at established ecological monitoring sites are severely lacking. We present the results of a pilot assessment of non-marine arthropod diversity in a middle arctic tundra area near Ikaluktutiak (Cambridge Bay), Victoria Island, Nunavut, undertaken in 2018 using DNA barcodes. A total of 1264 Barcode Index Number (BIN) clusters, used as a proxy for species, were recorded. The efficacy of widely used sampling methods was assessed. Yellow pan traps captured 62% of the entire BIN diversity at the study sites. When complemented with soil and leaf litter sifting, the coverage rose up to 74.6%. Combining community-based data collection with high-throughput DNA barcoding has the potential to overcome many of the logistic, financial, and taxonomic obstacles for large-scale monitoring of the Arctic arthropod fauna.
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Santas, A. "Species of honeydew producing insects useful to apicu1ture in Greece." ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA 7 (May 31, 2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/eh.13969.
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In many countries of Europe as well as in Greece a high percentage (40-70%) of the honey production derives from honeydew producing insects which belong to Hemiptem-Homoptera and mainly to the superfamilies Aphidoidea, Coccoidea, Psyloidea and Aleuroidea. To identify these useful to apiculture insects in Greece, a survey work has been carried out since 1977. From this research thirty eight species were observed and listed in the period of 1977-1983. Fifty eight species producing honeydew exploited by bees have been also observed in Central Europe. At least 120 species of honeydew producing insects (Rhynchota), on various host plants, have been recorded in Greece, therefore the number of insects useful to apiculture might be higher. This work aimed at finding more sources of honey production in our country and for this reason a survey was carried out in many areas to collect and identify the honeydew producing insects on which bees were observed to forage. The work was based on the method used previously. For that, sampling was carried out everywhere bees were observed to forage on insects honeydew. Bees were captured and examined according to the method described by Gary and Lorenzen to find out if and when the bees forage on this honeydew. The data collected during this period, 1984 to 1989, are recorded in this note. List of Species: I) Aphidoidea: A) Aphididae: 1) Acyrthosiphon caraganae (Cholodkovsky) (Aphidinae). It was found on the shrub Colutea arborescens L. at Portaria, Pelion, in May 1986. The bees forage from late April to June. This host plant exists almost all over Greece, but in high numbers in Peloponnesus, Sterea Hellas and Thessaly. A. caraganae was found in all these areas, while the bees were observed to forage on this aphid. 2) Corylobium avellanae (Schrank) (Aphidinae). It was observed on filbert trees (Corylus avellana L.) in the Grevena area in 1984 and later in Aghia, Larissa co. and Katerini, Pieria co. It is found on the under side of the leaf and produces honeydew from May to mid July. 3) Hyalopterus ainvgdafi (Blanchard) (Aphidinae). This aphid appears at high population levels on almond trees (Prunus dulcis (Miller) D.A. Webb.) in Locrida and Attiki (Central Greece) and on the island of Kea. It produces large quantities of honeydew in May, June, July. B) Lachnidae: 1) Cinara juniperi (De Geer) (Cinarinae). It was observed on Juniperus spp. in Giona mountain, in May 1986, at an altitude where the fir trees grow. The bees forage from May to early June. This honeydew is produced earlier than that excreted by the coccid Physokerines hemicryphus Dalman which lives on fir trees, and is very useful to apiculture in Greece. There are indications that the existence of this aphid close to fir forests, is a prediction that the coccid P. hemicryphus is going to attain high populations at the same year, but this has to be verified. 2) Cinara tujufilina (del Guercio) (Cinarmae). This aphid was observed on ornamental Thuja spp. in Votanikos Athens and Kiphissia, Attiki in April 1984. The bees forage late in April to May. This insect is new to the Greek fauna. C) Drepanosiphidae: 1) Phyllaphis phagi (L.) (Phyllaphidinae). Common aphid on Fagus silvatica L. It was found almost everywhere this host exists as in the mountains of Iti, Tymphristos, Pelion, Vermion and others. This insect produces honeydew in May, June and July. 2) Pterocallis maculata (Von Heyden) (Drepanosiphinae). It was found at low population levels on Alnus q1tifinosa Garth. in the mountains Pelion and Olympus in Central Greece in May 1987. This aphid produces honeydew in May, June and July. 3) Tuberculoides eggleri Burnes (Drepanosiphinae). This aphid was found on various species of Quercus spp. on the mountains, Zeria, Kalidromon, Iti, Pelion and Olympus, at relatively small population levels. The honeydew appears in May. II) Coccoidea: A) Aclerdidae: 1) Aclerda berlesei Buffa. This scale insect was found in Korinthia in July 1988 on Arundo donor L.. later it was observed everywhere this host-plant was sampled as in Lamia, Tricalla, Larissa, Platamonas (Central Greece). The population of this insect is always in high levels and it produces large quantities of honeydew. The honeydew appears early in June and continues in July, August and early September. The bees forage on it, mainly in August. The honey from this honeydew has good appearance, good taste but has not so good smell. B) Coccidae 1) Physokertnes piceae Schrank. This scale was recently found at low population levels on fir trees in Parnassus and Giona mountains in Central Greece and this is the first record in Greek fauna. All, but Aclerda berlesei, abovementioned species are recorded also in Central Europe as honeydew producing insects. It seems that amongst these ten honeydew producing insects, the most important for the apiculture of Greece are the aphid C. juniperi and the scale A. berlesei.
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Salces-Castellano, Antonia, Carmelo Andújar, Heriberto López, Antonio J. Pérez-Delgado, Paula Arribas, and Brent C. Emerson. "Flightlessness in insects enhances diversification and determines assemblage structure across whole communities." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1945 (2021): 20202646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2646.
Full textAbstract:
Dispersal limitation has been recurrently suggested to shape both macroecological patterns and microevolutionary processes within invertebrates. However, because of potential interactions among biological, environmental, temporal, and spatial variables, causal links among flight-related traits, diversification and spatial patterns of community assembly remain elusive. Integrating genetic variation within species across whole insect assemblages, within a simplified spatial and environmental framework, can be used to reduce the impact of these potentially confounding variables. Here, we used standardized sampling and mitochondrial DNA sequencing for a whole-community characterization of the beetle fauna inhabiting a singular forested habitat (laurel forest) within an oceanic archipelago setting (Canary Islands). The spatial structure of species assemblages together with species-level genetic diversity was compared at the archipelago and island scales for 104 winged and 110 wingless beetle lineages. We found that wingless beetle lineages have: (i) smaller range sizes at the archipelago scale, (ii) lower representation in younger island communities, (iii) stronger population genetic structure, and (iv) greater spatial structuring of species assemblages between and within islands. Our results reveal that dispersal limitation is a fundamental trait driving diversity patterns at multiple hierarchical levels by promoting spatial diversification and affecting the spatial configuration of entire assemblages at both island and archipelago scales.
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Ruzzier, Enrico, Andrea Galli, and Luciano Bani. "Monitoring Exotic Beetles with Inexpensive Attractants: A Case Study." Insects 12, no. 5 (2021): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12050462.
Full textAbstract:
Detecting and monitoring exotic and invasive Coleoptera is a complex activity to implement, and citizen science projects can provide significant contributions to such plans. Bottle traps are successfully used in wildlife surveys and can also be adapted for monitoring alien species; however, a sustainable, large scale trapping plan must take into account the collateral catches of native species and thus minimize its impact on local fauna. In the present paper, we tested the use of bottles baited with standard food products that can be purchased in every supermarket and immediately used (apple cider vinegar, red wine, and 80% ethyl alcohol) in capturing exotic and invasive beetles in the area surrounding Malpensa Airport (Italy). In particular, we reduced the exposition type of the traps in each sampling round to three days in order to minimize native species collecting. We found a significant effect of the environmental covariates (trap placement, temperature, humidity, and forest type) in affecting the efficiency in catching target beetles. Nearly all invasive Nitidulidae and Scarabaeidae known to be present in the area were captured in the traps, with apple cider vinegar usually being the most effective attractant, especially for the invasive Popillia japonica.
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Oliveira-Junior and Juen. "Structuring of Dragonfly Communities (Insecta: Odonata) in Eastern Amazon: Effects of Environmental and Spatial Factors in Preserved and Altered Streams." Insects 10, no. 10 (2019): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10100322.
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The evaluation of the effects of environmental factors on natural communities has been one of the principal approaches in ecology; although, over the past decade, increasing importance has been given to spatial factors. In this context, we evaluated the relative importance of environmental and spatial factors for the structuring of the local odonate communities in preserved and altered streams. Adult Odonata were sampled in 98 streams in eastern Amazonia, Brazil. The physical features of each stream were evaluated and spatial variables were generated. Only environmental factors accounted for the variation in the Odonata community. The same pattern was observed in the suborder Zygoptera. For Anisoptera, environmental factors alone affect the variation in the community, considering all the environments together, and the altered areas on their own. As the two Odonata suborders presented distinct responses to environmental factors, this partitioning may contribute to an improvement in the precision of studies in biomonitoring. We thus suggest that studies would have a greater explanatory potential if additional variables are included, related to biotic interactions (e.g., competition). This will require further investigation on a finer scale of environmental variation to determine how the Odonata fauna of Amazonian streams behaves under this analytical perspective.
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Rocha, Matheus S., Gabriela Reis-avila, Mateus M. Pires, Tairis Da-costa, Noeli J. Ferla, and Everton N. L. Rodrigues. "Stochastic and deterministic processes differently affect the community structure of edaphic mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest." Systematic and Applied Acarology 25, no. 3 (2020): 577–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.25.3.16.
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Most mesostigmatid mites (Arachnida: Parasitiformes) are soil-dwelling predators, feeding predominantly on detritivorous and fungivorous invertebrates. Little is known about the role of environmental and spatial parameters in driving the structure of their local communities. The aim of this study is to assess the relative importance of environmental/spatial parameters in different scales and microhabitats on the community structure of edaphic mesostigmatid mites in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Soil and litter samples were collected in 20 sites (six subsamples per microhabitat per site; N = 240 samples) distant from each other over ranges varying from 100 m to seven km. Geographic distances between sampling sites and spatial eigenfunctions were used as proxies of stochastic processes to assess the influence of spatial parameters on mite community structure. Environmental parameters included soil grain size, moisture and organic matter, vegetation structure, litter depth and percentage of leaves, branches, and thin roots in plant litter. We collected 1135 Mesostigmata individuals from 77 species/morphospecies. Mite composition strongly differed between soil and litter microhabitats. Mite communities geographically closer were more similar to each other in terms of Mesostigmata composition than expected if there is no spatial structure. Litter depth, soil organic matter and soil moisture significantly contributed to edaphic mite community structure. Deterministic processes predominated in explaining the composition of the litter fauna, while the composition of the soil fauna was more sensitive to stochastic processes. Our results provide evidence that the composition of Mesostigmata communities not only differ between microhabitats, but they are differently structured by environmental and spatial parameters depending on the scale. This provides new insight into the processes affecting of mite diversity within soil ecosystem at fine and broad scales, and highlights the importance of the spatial proximity and microhabitat in driving the composition of mite communities.
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Buddle, Christopher M., and David P. Shorthouse. "Effects of experimental harvesting on spider (Araneae) assemblages in boreal deciduous forests." Canadian Entomologist 140, no. 4 (2008): 437–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n07-ls01.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractTwo large-scale forestry experiments, in Quebec (Sylviculture et aménagement forestiers écosystémique (SAFE)) and Alberta (Ecosystem Management by Emulating Natural Disturbance (EMEND)), were established in the late 1990s to test the effects of alternative silvicultural strategies (e.g., partial cutting) on biodiversity in northern boreal forests. We collected spiders in pitfall traps 2 years after the application of partial-cutting treatments in deciduous stands at EMEND and 6 years after similar treatments in deciduous stands at SAFE. Although we are aware of the challenges imposed by disparate locations and whole-scale experimental methods, our objective was to compare the effects of partial cutting on spider assemblages (diversity and community composition), and in doing so, to formulate a few general statements. Overall, 98 species (6107 individuals) were collected from Alberta and 86 species (3414 individuals) from Quebec. Of these, 44 species were common to both regions. Ordination and indicator-species analyses revealed a distinct effect of geographic separation: the spider assemblages in deciduous stands within the boreal plains ecoregion of Alberta and the boreal shield in Quebec were distinct. However, the effects of partial cutting on spider assemblages within each project were similar: removal of 25%–33% of trees shifted a characteristic old-growth fauna toward one more typical of clearcuts. Indicator-species analysis also revealed the dominance of wolf spider (Lycosidae) species in clearcuts within both experiments and we present evidence that clear-cutting homogenizes spider assemblages. Old-growth forests contain spider faunas that are easily disrupted by moderate partial cutting. In the face of intense harvesting practices, managing for the maintenance of biodiversity and conservation of spider faunas in northern forests will require retention of old-growth forests.
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Sutil, Weidson Plauter, and Rodrigo Souza Santos. "Agricultural entomology in the state of Acre: a historical overview and future challenges." EntomoBrasilis 13 (February 20, 2020): e0878. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v13.e0878.
Full textAbstract:
In the state of Acre, Brazil, family-based agriculture is predominant and although it has less economic impact in relation to large-scale plantations, it is also subject to biological imbalances, such as the attack of pests, generating economic losses for producers. Phytosanitary knowledge in the state is still incipient and becomes an obstacle to production, often resulting in mistaken management decisions. In this context, this work aimed to present a history of research carried out in the field of Agricultural Entomology, especially in the areas of integrated management and biological control of pests of the most relevant crops grown in the Acre state. In this review, 55 scientific papers related to Agricultural Entomology were presented, 23 on new insect records and/or new insect associations with host plants, 16 on insect control using plant extracts from the Amazon region, 13 on integrated pest management and three on bioecology and population dynamics of pests in the state of Acre. Through this review, it is observed that research in the area of Agricultural Entomology in the state of Acre is characterized by basic research (surveys, registration of new species, bioecological and dynamic population studies). However, there has been a notable advance in scientific studies aimed at integrated pest management in the state in the past ten years. Still, there is a need to concentrate efforts on research aimed at prospecting and using Amazonian biodiversity (fauna and flora), which subsidize applied programs for integrated pest management of the main crops grown in the Acre state.
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Sutil, Weidson Plauter, and Rodrigo Souza Santos. "Agricultural entomology in the state of Acre: a historical overview and future challenges." EntomoBrasilis 13 (February 20, 2020): e0878. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v13.e878.
Full textAbstract:
In the state of Acre, Brazil, family-based agriculture is predominant and although it has less economic impact in relation to large-scale plantations, it is also subject to biological imbalances, such as the attack of pests, generating economic losses for producers. Phytosanitary knowledge in the state is still incipient and becomes an obstacle to production, often resulting in mistaken management decisions. In this context, this work aimed to present a history of research carried out in the field of Agricultural Entomology, especially in the areas of integrated management and biological control of pests of the most relevant crops grown in the Acre state. In this review, 55 scientific papers related to Agricultural Entomology were presented, 23 on new insect records and/or new insect associations with host plants, 16 on insect control using plant extracts from the Amazon region, 13 on integrated pest management and three on bioecology and population dynamics of pests in the state of Acre. Through this review, it is observed that research in the area of Agricultural Entomology in the state of Acre is characterized by basic research (surveys, registration of new species, bioecological and dynamic population studies). However, there has been a notable advance in scientific studies aimed at integrated pest management in the state in the past ten years. Still, there is a need to concentrate efforts on research aimed at prospecting and using Amazonian biodiversity (fauna and flora), which subsidize applied programs for integrated pest management of the main crops grown in the Acre state.
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Leong, Chi-Man, Matan Shelomi, Chung-Chi Lin, and Shiuh-Feng Shiao. "Necrophilous Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Diverse Habitats in Taiwan." Sociobiology 66, no. 2 (2019): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v66i2.3491.
Full textAbstract:
Ants are a highly diverse group that not only are often strongly associated with certain habitat types, but also can be found on carcasses and, therefore, in crime scenes. In the present study, a survey of the necrophilous ants in Taiwan was conducted and a preliminary species checklist was provided for the first time. The aim of this study was primarily to offer information on Taiwanese ant species of forensic significance. A total of 50 ant species/morphospecies from 26 genera were collected from large scale regions in Taiwan using combination pig liver bait and pitfall traps, bringing the Taiwanese necrophilous ants up to 55 species from 33 genera within the known Taiwanese ant fauna of 288 species from 71 genera. Seventeen species found in this study are tramp or potentially exotic species, which often dominated the baits. Use of pitfall traps increased the diversity of ants collected relative to hand-collecting from the carcass, adding useful data. These necrophilous ants may play important roles in carcass decomposition and can be useful in reconstructing crime scenes, as certain ants are more common in certain habitat types. This checklist and accompanying habitat information of these ants is likely the first such comprehensive data in Taiwan applying ants to the field of forensic entomology.
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Li, Qiang, Jun Deng, Cui Chen, et al. "DNA Barcoding Subtropical Aphids and Implications for Population Differentiation." Insects 11, no. 1 (2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11010011.
Full textAbstract:
DNA barcoding has proven its worth in species identification, discovering cryptic diversity, and inferring genetic divergence. However, reliable DNA barcode reference libraries that these applications depend on are not available for many taxonomic groups and geographical regions. Aphids are a group of plant sap sucking insects, including many notorious pests in agriculture and forestry. The aphid fauna of the subtropical region has been understudied. In this study, based on extensive sampling effort across main subtropical areas, we sequenced 1581 aphid specimens of 143 morphospecies, representing 75 genera, and 13 subfamilies, to build the first comprehensive DNA barcode library for subtropical aphids. We examined the utility of DNA barcodes in identifying aphid species and population differentiation and evaluated the ability of different species delimitation methods (automatic barcode gap discovery (ABGD), generalized mixed Yule-coalescent (GMYC), and Bayesian Poisson tree processes (bPTP)). We found that most aphid species demonstrated barcode gaps and that a threshold value of 2% genetic distance is suitable for distinguishing most species. Our results indicated that ten morphospecies may have species divergence related to factors such as host plant or geography. By using two pest species Aphis spiraecola and A. gossypii as examples, we also discussed the effect of the sampling scale of host plants on the results and reliability of DNA barcoding of phytophagous insects. This DNA barcode library will be valuable for future studies and applications.